“…WAS THE CROSSROADS OF OUR BEING, AND IT WAS A HELL OF A CROSSROADS”

- SHELBY FOOTE, HISTORIAN

The Civil War

Ft Moultrie, site of first US naval victory in 1776 was built of Palmetto logs

Charleston, South Carolina

Firing the first shot at 4:30am, April 12

Confederates seize all Federal property except Sumter and fort in Pensacola, where loyal troops resist.

Major Anderson needs food and water

Lincoln decides to send it

Beauregard fires on fort

Edmund Ruffin

Inside the fort today

The fort took a pounding…

An artillery shell in the inner wall…

Only a horse was killed in the battle…

Mary Chesnut’s A Diary From Dixie

1823-1886Published 1905Wife of James

Chesnut, Jr., United States Senator from South Carolina, 1859-1861, and afterward an Aide

to Jefferson Davis and a Brigadier-General in the Confederate Army

Overviewof

the North’sCivil WarStrategy:

Winfield Scott’s

“Anaconda”Plan

Overviewof

the North’sCivil WarStrategy:

Winfield Scott’s

“Anaconda”Plan

Why did both sides feel fairly confident of victory?

Why did both sides feel fairly confident of victory?

North South

Advantages ? ?

Disadvantages ? ?

Economic and Demographic Data…Economic and Demographic Data…

Railroad Lines, 1860Railroad Lines, 1860

Slave/Free States Population, 1861Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Immigrantsas a %

of a State’sPopulation

in1860

Immigrantsas a %

of a State’sPopulation

in1860

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South CombinedSoldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

NORTH & SOUTH

Describe the social and economic changes that accompanied the war.

Financing the War

Extensive Legislation PassedWithout the South in CongressExtensive Legislation Passed

Without the South in Congress

1861 – Morrill Tariff Act

1862 – Homestead Act

1862 – Legal Tender Act - greenbacks

1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act

1862 – Pacific Railway Act

1863 – Emancipation Proclamation (exec order) (1/1/1863)

1863 – National Banking Act

1865 – 13th Amendment to Constitution

Battle of Bull Run or

the Battle of 1st ManassasJuly, 1861

Battle of Bull Run or

the Battle of 1st ManassasJuly, 1861

Peninsula Campaign

1862McClellan, the Virginia Creeper

Battle of Shiloh

Battle of Antietam, September ‘62

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the country

economically and socially?

What kind of President was he? What were his wartime

accomplishments?

Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals

Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowell

Winfield ScottWinfield Scott

Little Mac

Again!

Little Mac

Again!

George McClellanGeorge McClellanAmbrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside

George MeadeGeorge Meade

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

John Pope

Joseph HookerJoseph Hooker

The Confederate Flags and SealThe Confederate Flags and Seal

MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”

MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”

First Flag 1861-63 (“The Stars and Bars”)

Second Flag 1863-65

The Confederate “White House” Richmond

The Confederate “White House” Richmond

What was Davis like? Compare his leadership to Lincoln’s. . . . ?

What was Davis like? Compare his leadership to Lincoln’s. . . . ?

Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

VP Alexander Stevens

A Northern View of Jeff DavisA Northern View of Jeff Davis

PGT Beauregard

The Confederate GeneralsThe Confederate Generals

Jeb StuartJeb Stuart

James LongstreetJames Longstreet George PickettGeorge Pickett

“Stonewall” Jackson“Stonewall” Jackson

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

What role did blacks – slave and free play - during the war?

After Antietam: The Battles 1862-65

Gettysburg, PA

Vicksburg, Mississippi

Sherman’s Invasion of Georgia

From Tennessee to AtlantaLincoln’s reelection secured after Atlanta

capturedMarch to the Sea: Savannah for Christmas!

Grant’s March into Virginia 1864-65

• Wilderness• Spotsylvania• Cold Harbor

Seige of Petersburg: June 64-April 65

and the Battle of the Crater, July 1864

Lieutenant J.J. Scroggs5th U.S.C.T., 3rd Brigade, 3rd DivisionJ.J. Scrogg's Diary and Letters

“Hardly had the tremendous explosion taken place when it was succeeded by another and more terrible roar burst with an awful crash from the iron throats of one hundred pieces of artillery. For one hour without cessation or interval the iron storm raged over our heads…”

“Petersburg” National Park Service, Dept of the Interior, Sept 18,2008. http://www.nps.gov/pete/forteachers/portrait-of-a-soldier-post-visit.htm(Dec 15, 2009).

Thomas Nast in Harper’s Weekly : The Surrender at Appomattox, (Palm Sunday April 9, 1865)

Johns Wilkes Booth Changed Everything