Was Adam Immortal before the Fall?

7/30/2019 Was Adam Immortal before the Fall?

1/21

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HA[WCK_L[HCA

[eo Am{uwo mak Ko|{hax cb @ma vwh{{oa gx Wohaecdk Ahoguew h| m bm|lham{haf gccj! Ca {eo

cao emak$ {eh| gccj |ullook| ha lcarhalhaf `ckowah|{| {em{ {eo kcl{whao cb |ha h| ac{ `x{e gu{

{wu{e! Ca {eo c{eow emak$ {eh| gccj lemddoafo| |c`o ymw{| cb {eo {wmkh{hcamd rhov cb {eo kcl{whao

cb |ha! Bcw ha|{malo$ eo |{m{o|$ H{ lma emwkdx go koahok {em{ {eo Ymudhao mu{ecwh{x |uyycw{haf {eo

hkom {em{ yex|hlmd kom{e h| m lca|o}uoalo cb |ha$ ha{wckulok m ac{o ha{c Lewh|{hma {eocdcfx vehle

h| ac{ buddx ha mllcwk vh{e {eo {c{md Ghgdhlmd rhov cb {eo bhah{oao|| cb `ma!=

Eo |mx| {em{

ghgdhlmddx |yomjhaf$ {eo uahrow|mdh{x cb {eo yex|hlmd kom{e cb eu`majhak h| ac{ {eo lca|o}uoalo

cb Mkm`| bmdd gu{ {eh| bml{ `owodx |ecv| {eo bhah{uko cb eu`majhak! Buw{eow$ mllcwkhaf {c

Ahoguew$ Ymud `h|ha{owywo{ok {eo Gccj cb Foao|h| mak wofmwkok yex|hlmd kom{e m| {eo

lca|o}uoalo cb Mkm`| bmdd! H| {eh| {wuo3 29 xomw| mb{ow {eo yugdhlm{hca cb[eo Am{uwo mak

Ko|{hax cb @ma$ |x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfhma| |{hdd |mx {em{ ! ! ! yex|hlmd kom{e vm| ac{ ma cwhfhamd ymw{

cb {eo eu`ma lcakh{hca7

Vehle rhov |ecudk vo ecdk3

[eo lca{wcddhaf }uo|{hca {em{ H {ecwcufedx m|j ha {eh| ymyow h| Vm| Mkm` h``cw{md gobcwo {eo

bmdd3 [eo {eo|h| cb {eh| ymyow h| m| bcddcv|! H vhdd ywcro {em{ ha {eo Gccj cb Foao|h|$ {eo

mu{ecw| ha{oa{hca h| {c ko|lwhgo {em{ Mkm` vm| `cw{md oroa gobcwo {eo bmdd$ gu{ {em{ Ymud {eo

myc|{do `hfe{wofmwk Mkm` m| h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd$ mak H vhdd mwfuo {em{ ha {eo |x|{o`m{hl

{eocdcfx cb Ywc{o|{ma{h|`$ h{ |ecudk go wofmwkok {em{ Mkm` vm| `cw{mdgobcwo {eo bmdd! [eo {mgdocb lca{oa{| h| m| bcddcv|! Ha {eo bhw|{ lemy{ow$ H vhdd om`hao {eo {eocdcfx cb {eo Gccj cb Foao|h|

lcalowahaf {eh| h||uo! Ha {eo |olcak lemy{ow$ H vhdd om`hao Ymudhao {eocdcfx lcalowahaf {eh|

h||uo! Ha {eo {ehwk lemy{ow$ H vhdd |xa{eo|h~o {eo km{m lcalowahaf {eh| h||uo ha {ow`| cb {eo

|x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfx cb Ywc{o|{ma{h|`!

=Wohaecdk Ahoguew$ [eo Am{uwo mak Ko|{hax cb @ma> rcd! = Eu`ma Am{uwo%Aov Xcwj> Lemwdo| \lwhgaow| \ca|$

=82;( =62!7 @hddmwk N! Owhlj|ca$ Lewh|{hma [eocdcfx 7ak ok! %Fwmak Wmyhk|$ @hlehfma> Gmjowgccj|$ =885( ==62!


2/21

7

H! [EO [EOCDCFX CB [EO GCCJ CB FOAO\H\

LCALOWAHAF [EO CWHFHA CB MKM@\ @CW[MDH[X

Ha cwkow {c lca|{wul{ {eo {eocdcfx cb{eo Cdk [o|{mòa{ %C[( lcalowahaf {eo cwhfha cb Mkm`|

`cw{mdh{x$ vo aook {c bclu| ca {eo Gccj cb Foao|h|$ |halo Mkm` wmwodx myyomw| ha {eo gccj| cb

{eo C[ oloy{ bcw {eo Gccj cb Foao|h|! [eowo mwo {ewoo `mha ym||mfo| {em{ fhro u| eha{| mgcu{

{eo lcakh{hca cb Mkm` gobcwo {eo bmdd!

M! [eo Gccj cb Foao|h| 7>=6

Ha {eo Gccj cb Foao|h|$ gobcwo eh| bmdd$ Fck {cdk Mkm` mak |mx|$ Xcu `mx bwoodx om{ cb orowx

{woo cb {eo fmwkoa: gu{ cb {eo {woo cb {eo jacvdokfo cb fcck mak orhd xcu |emdd ac{ om{$ bcw ha {eo

kmx {em{ xcu om{ cb h{ xcu |emdd kho! %AW\R Foa 7>=2-6( Cuw nukfòa{ mgcu{ {eo lcakh{hca cb

Mkm` gobcwo {eo bmdd vcudk go koyoak ca ecv vo {wma|dm{o{V ([& {M {em{ h| {eo kuydhlm{hca cb

{eo rowg {c kho{V`!

=! [c Go @cw{md cw [c Kho> M \dhfe{ khbbowoalo ha {eo @omahaf Gu{ m Fwom{ Khbbowoalo ha {eo

Lca|o}uoalo

Vh{e {eo yewm|o {V`([& {M`$ kco| Fck |mx {c Mkm` {em{ eo vhdd go `cw{md cw vhdd kho3 Hb {eh|

yewm|o òma| {c go `cw{md$ {eo bml{ {em{ eo vhdd go `cw{md h`ydho| {em{ Mkm` vm| h``cw{md

gobcwo {eo bmdd! Hb {eh| yewm|o òma| {c kho$ {eo bml{ {em{ eo lma kho h`ydho| {em{ Mkm` vm|

`cw{md oroa gobcwo {eo bmdd!

7! Vem{ H| {eo @omahaf cb{V`([& {M`3


3/21

6$ = \m

=;>;;$ 77>=2$ =Jh 7>;7$ 7Jh =>;$ =>2: =2$ Now 72>5$ O~o =5$


4/21

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[wmkh{hcamddx$ {eh| ym||mfo vm| wofmwkok m| {eo orhkoalo {em{ {eo lca|o}uoalo cb Mkm`| bmdd

h| {eo yex|hlmd kom{e cb Mkm` mak cb eh| mdd eh| ko|loakma{|! Bwc` {eo lca{o{$ {eh| ym||mfo h|

low{mhadx {eo |oa{oalo cb Fck| luw|o kuo {c {eo bmdd cb Mkm`! Xo{$ {eowo mwo {vc wom|ca| vex H

lmaac{ mfwoo vh{e {eh| {wmkh{hcamd rhov!

=! Kco| Fck Luw|o Mkm` \c [em{ Eo Vhdd Oroa{umddx Yex|hlmddx Kho3

[eo bhw|{ wom|ca {em{ H lmaac{ mfwoo vh{e m {wmkh{hcamd rhov h| {em{ {eh| ym||mfo h{|odb kco| ac{

|mx {em{ yex|hlmd kom{e h| {eo lca|o}uoalo cb Mkm`| bmdd! Ha eh| lc`òa{mwx$ Fowemwk rca Wmk

lc`òa{| ca {eh| ym||mfo mak |mx| m| bcddcv|!

H| kom{e eowo m yuah|eòa{ %{eo vmfo cb |ha(3 ! ! ! [eo lcuw|o| kc ac{ |yomj cb kom{e m| mywh`mwx h||uo$ gu{ wm{eow cb dhbo$ mak {eox mbbhw` {em{ emwk|ehy mak vwo{leokao|| vhdd lca{hauo

ua{hd `ma ha kom{e wo{uwa| mfmha {c {eo omw{e! Cao lmaac{ |mx {em{ `ma dc|{ m fow` cb

h``cw{mdh{x max `cwo {ema cao lma |mx {em{ m `m{owhmd `ckhbhlm{hca clluwwok ha eh`$ m| mlca|o}uoalo cb vehle eo ù|{ acv bmdd ywox {c kom{e!6

@mx vo {mjo {eh| lc`òa{ m| ma myywcywhm{o cao bcw cuw kh|lu||hca3 [eo h||uo h| {eo ò{eck

cb rca Wmk! H m` ac{ lcarhalok gx {eo exyc{eo|h| cb rca Wmk {em{ Foa =6-8 lca|h|{| cb {vc

hakoyoakoa{ wo|cuwlo|! Rca Wmk |mx| {em{ m{ {eo ycha{ cb ywo-{o{| %{vc hakoyoakoa{ wo|cuwlo|(

{eo ywc|yol{u| cb kom{e m| `ma| wo{uwa {c {eo omw{e gu{ ha {eo ywo|oa{ bcw` cb {eo ym||mfo {eh|

{ecufe{ em| golcò m {ewom{oahaf oywo||hca!5

Ecvorow$ ha `x nukfòa{$ {eo ywo|oa{ bcw` h|

ac{ aolo||mwhdx m {ewom{oahaf oywo||hca oh{eow!

Ha {eo ywo|oa{ bcw` cb {eo ym||mfo$ golmu|o cb Mkm`| bmdd$ {eo fwcuak h| luw|ok wm{eow {ema

Mkm` eh`|odb! M| {eo wo|ud{ cb {eo luw|o cb {eo fwcuak$ Mkm` em| {c |ubbow$ gu{$ ha{owo|{hafdx$

{eo khwol{ luw|o mfmha|{ Mkm` h| ac{ |oa{oalok vehdo {eo |owyoa{ mak eh| vhbo vowo luw|ok %Foa

=;-2(! Kom{e h| m wodom|o bwc` {eo guwkoa cb omw{edx dhbo |c {eo kom{e cb Mkm` ha {eo ywo|oa{

bcw` h| ac{ aolo||mwhdx aofm{hro!

6Fowemwk rca Wmk$ 8?!

5 Fowemwk rca Wmk$ 8?!


5/21

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7! Vem{ {eo Amò qk&m& %Mkm`( H`ydho|

[eo |olcak wom|ca {em{ H lmaac{ mfwoo vh{e {eo {wmkh{hcamd rhov h| golmu|o cb {eo òmahaf cb

Mkm` ha Eogwov! ! ! ! {eoa {eo DCWK Fck bcwòk `ma %

qk&m&eem mkm`{eo `ma( bwc`

{eo ku|{ cb {eo fwcuak %e`&k&mPeem mkm`me {eo fwcuak(! ! %AW\R Foa 7>6 Yow|camdo`yem|h| mak ha|ow{hca mkkok(

8 [eh| h| {eo rowx `còa{ cb Fck| lwom{hca mak amòdx$ {eh| h|

gobcwo {eo bmdd cb Mkm`! Bhw|{$ m{ {eo ycha{ cb Fck| lwom{hca$ Fck |mv orowx{ehaf {em{ eo emk

`mko$ mak hakook$ h{ vm| rowx fcck! %AW\R Foa =>76 Yow|camd ha|ow{hca mkkok( \olcak$ {eo amò cb Mkm` h{|odb |ecv| eh| cwhfha gx m

ydmx ca vcwk| vh{e {eo fwcuak %em mkm`me( mak `ma %emmkm`(! H{ h| am{uwmd bcw Fck {c |mx {c

Mkm`$ ! ! ! xcu wo{uwa {c {eo fwcuak %em mkm`me($ bcw cu{ cb h{ xcu vowo {mjoa! ! ! %AW\R

Foa =8 Yow|camd ha|ow{hca mkkok! Md|c |oo 772-6$

{eo vcwk Fck| h`mfo#dhjoao|| h| woyom{ok bcuw {hò|- Vo lma go |uwo {em{ ecv ùle {eo mu{ecw cb {eo Gccj cb

Foao|h| o`yem|h~o| {eo |uywoò gohaf cb eu`majhak#Mkm`!


6/21

2

L! [eo Gccj cb Foao|h| 77

=! Kco| Fck H`ydx [em{ Mkm` Lcudk Dhro Bcworow3

Fck {cdk Eh`|odb {eo wom|ca {c oyod Mkm` bwc` {eo Fmwkoa cb Okoa mak |mx|$ \oo$ {eo `ma

em| golcò dhjo cao cb u|$ jacvhaf fcck mak orhd: mak acv$ eo `hfe{ womle cu{ eh| emak mak

{mjo md|c bwc` {eo {woo cb dhbo$ mak om{$ mak dhro bcworow {eowobcwo {eo DCWK Fck |oa{ eh` bcw{e

bwc` {eo fmwkoa cb Okoa$ {c {hdd {eo fwcuak bwc` vehle eo vm| {mjoa! %AW\R Foa 7=-7(

H{ |oo`| {em{ Fck oyod| Mkm` cu{ cb {eo Fmwkoa cb Okoa ha cwkow ac{ {c do{ eh` dhro bcworow!

Kco| {eh| ym||mfo ac{ |mx {em{ Mkm` lcudk dhro bcworow$ hb eo khk ac{ |ha3

7! [eo Kh|{hal{hca go{vooa Fck mak Eu`majhak Wm{eow [ema {eo Yc||hghdh{x bcw Eu`majhak {c

Dhro Bcworow

Bhw|{$ vo aook {c woò`gow {em{ {eowo mwo m`ghfuh{ho| ha {eo \lwhy{uwo! Cuw }uo|{hca| mak#cw

{eo mycwhm m| {eo dcfhlmd lca|o}uoalo$ vehle ma h`òkhm{o lca{o{ wo}uhwo|$ `hfe{ ac{ go

ma|vowok#|cdrok ha {eo ym||mfo! Vem{ {eo dcfhlmd lca|o}uoalo cb {eo ym||mfo `mjo| u| h`mfhao

h| ac{ mdvmx| vem{ ghgdhlmd mu{ecw| h`ydx!==

\olcak$ vo aook {c kh|{hafuh|e {eo cwhfhamd

ha{oa{hca cb {eo mu{ecw bwc` {eo {wmkh{hcamd ha{owywo{m{hca cb {eo ym||mfo! Acv$ kco| {eh| ym||mfo

womddx {odd u| {em{ Mkm` lcudk dhro bcworow3

Ha `x nukfòa{$ h{ h| ac{ whfe{ {c |mx {em{ Mkm` lcudk dhro bcworow gm|ok ca {eh| ym||mfo! Cao

cb kh|{hal{hro bom{uwo| cb {eo Gccj cb Foao|h| ha lc`ymwh|ca vh{e {eo dh{owm{uwo| cb Malhoa{ Aomw

Om|{ h| Fck| {wma|loakoalo!=7

Hb ha c{eow dh{owm{uwo$ h{ `hfe{ go yc||hgdo {em{ {eo kh|{hal{hca

==Bcw ha|{malo$ cao `mx go mgdo {c mwfuo {em{ h{ h| yc||hgdo bcw yow|ca {c go nu|{hbhok gx {eo dmv gx {eo bcddcvhaf

vcwk! Bcw h{ h| ac{ {eo eomwow| cb {eo dmv vec mwo whfe{ocu| ha Fck&| |hfe{$ gu{ {eo kcow| cb {eo dmv vec vhdd go

nu|{hbhok! %AW\R Wc` 7>=< Yow|camd o`yem|h| mkkok( Acv$ kco| Ymud mbbhw` {em{ cao lma go nu|{hbhok gx {eo dmv3Kobhah{odx ac{! [eo lca{o{ cb Wc` =>=5-79 h| ldomw mak h| ha{oa|hro ldmh` cb {eo uahrow|md yeoacòaca cb

eu`majhak| fuhd{x! [eo dcfhlmd lca|o}uoalo cb {eh| |oa{oalo `mx |mx$ Cao lma go nu|{hbhok gx {eo dmv$ gu{ h{ h|ac{ vem{ Ymud òma|!

=7Ha lc`ymwh|ca vh{e c{eow Malhoa{ Aomw Om|{owa dh{owm{uwo|$ {eo `cac{eoh|{hl lemwml{owh|{hl Zcb {eo Gccj cb

Foao|h|P h| ha{oa|hro mak oroa mwfuòa{m{hro! W! Acw`ma Vexgwmx$Ha{wckul{hca {c {eo Yoa{m{oule %[cjxc>

Jxcguajvma$ =885( 6


7/21

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go{vooa fck| mak lwom{uwo| vcudk go m`ghfucu|! Ha bml{$ ha cao cb {eo Malhoa{ Aomw Om|{owa

dh{owm{uwo|$ {eo Fhdfmò|e oyhl$ _{amyh|e{h` mak eh| vhbo cg{mha o{owamd dhbo!= M [wma|dm{hca mak ha{owywo{m{hca cb {eo

Fhdfmò|e Oyhl mak wodm{ok Gmgxdcahma mak M||xwhma Kcluòa{| %Lehlmfc> [eo _ahrow|h{x cb Lehlmfc Ywo||$ =827 Yow|camd o`yem|h| mkkok( [eh| ym||mfo |oo`| {c |uyycw{ {eo {wmkh{hcamd

rhov Mkm` lcudk dhro bcworow$ golmu|o ha {eo Gccj cb Worodm{hca Fck mddcv| Lewh|{hma| ha Eomroa {c om{ {eo bwuh{cb {woo cb dhbo mak {eox vhdd dhro bcworow %Wor 77>?(!

Bhw|{$ Ymud mak eh| lca{o`ycwmwx Novh|e {eocdcfhma| |ooòk {c lca|hkow {em{ Mkm` vm| h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd%\oo bcc{ac{o =< mak lemy{ow HH(! H{ h| oyol{ok {em{ {eo mu{ecw cb {eo Gccj cb Worodm{hca vm| ca {eo {wmlj cb {eo|o

yocydo!

\olcak$ {eowobcwo {c {eo|o yocydo$ {eo wolcrowx cb {eo gwcjoa wodm{hca|ehy go{vooa Fck mak eu`majhak vcudk

go am{uwmddx {eo wolcrowx cb {eo o{owamd dhbo {em{ Mkm` cufe{ {c cg{mha![ehwk$ vo aook {c woò`gow {em{ {eo rhov cb kom{e h| khbbowoa{ go{vooa {eo C[ mak A[! Ha {eo C[$ {eo h||uo cb

kom{e mak dhbo mb{ow kom{e h| ac{ùle ymhk m{{oa{hca {c! [eowo h| ac{ dcafhaf bcw emyyx dhbo ha Eomroa mak ac bomw

mgcu{ mafuh|e Eodd ha {eo C[! Ecvorow$ ha {eo A[$ {eo ha{owo|{ ha kom{e mak dhbo mb{ow kom{e h| }uh{o |{wcaf!

Lca|o}uoa{dx$ H vcudk mwfuo {em{ {ecufe {eo mu{ecw cb {eo Gccj cb Worodm{hca òa{hca| {eo {woo cb dhbo$ eh|#eowha{owo|{ mak uakow|{makhaf cb {eh| {woo h| khbbowoa{ bwc` {em{ cb {eo mu{ecw hb {eo Gccj cb Foao|h|!

=?Ha {eh| lemy{ow$ vo dh`h{ok cuw kh|lu||hca vh{eha {eo Gccj cb Foao|h|! Ecv mgcu{ c{eow gccj| cb {eo C[3 Ha

{eo C[ {eocdcfx$ kom{e h| ac{ md|c lca|hkowok m| {eo yoamd{x cb |ha gu{ lca|hkowok m| |cò{ehaf am{uwmd! \oo Ncea

Kwmao$ Bcw{wo|| Ywo||$ =86;( 88-==5!

Vo md|c emro o{wmlmacahlmd dh{owm{uwo {em{ dhaj| |ha mak kom{e! ! ! ! bcw Fck lwom{ok u| bcw halcwwuy{hca$ mak`mko u| ha {eo h`mfo cb eh| cva o{owah{x$ gu{ {ewcufe {eo korhd&| oarx kom{e oa{owok {eo vcwdk$ mak {ec|o vec

godcaf {c eh| lc`ymax oyowhoalo h{! %AW\R Vh|kc` 7>7==9( H{ |oo`| {eowo vm| mdwomkx {eo ha{owywo{m{hca {em{ kom{e

oa{owok ha{c {eo vcwdk kuo {c Mkm`| bmdd! Bhw|{$ {eo|o ym||mfo| mwo eodybud bcw u| {c jacv {eo eh|{cwx cbNovh|eha{owywo{m{hca mgcu{ {eo amwwm{hro cb {eo bmdd! Vo lma m||uò {em{ Ymud vm| ca {eo {wmlj cb {eh| {wmkh{hca! \olcak$

ecvorow$ H vhdd ac{ kc oofo|h| cb {eo|o ym||mfo|$ golmu|o {eox mwo ac{ lmaca ha {ow`| cb Ywc{o|{ma{h|`! Mac{eow

wom|ca vex H kc ac{ |{ukx {eo|o ym||mfo| h| {em{ {eo eowòaou{hl| cb Ormafodhlmd Ywc{o|{ma{h|` h| {c fc gmlj {c {eo

eh|{cwhlmd#fwm``m{hlmd òmahaf cb bhamd okh{cw cb ywo|oa{ bcw` cb {eo {o{ ha {eo \lwhy{uwo! [eo ha{owywo{m{hca| cb {eo


8/21

5

HH! YM_DHAO [EOCDCFX

LCALOWAHAF [EO CWHFHA CB MKM@\ @CW[MDH[XHb Mkm` vm| `cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd ha {eo C[$ veowo kc vo fo{ {eo kcl{whao {em{ Mkm` vm|

h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd3 H{ h| ywcgmgdx bwc` Ymudhao {eocdcfx! Ha Ymudhao {eocdcfx$ vo bhak

{eo ha{h`m{o dhaj go{vooa |ha mak kom{e!=2

Kom{e vm| |cò{ehaf am{uwmd ha {eo C[ mak vm|

komd{ vh{e aou{wmddx$ gu{ ha Ymudhao {eocdcfx$ kom{e h| m bm{md oao`x!=6

M! [eo Do{{ow {c Wc`ma| ?>=7

Mdcaf vh{e = Lcw =?>7=$ Wc` ?>=7 h| m lcwaow|{cao {c o|{mgdh|e {eo kcl{whao {em{ yex|hlmd

kom{e lmògolmu|o cb Mkm`| bmdd! [eowobcwo$ nu|{ m| |ha lmò ha{c {eo vcwdk {ewcufe cao `ma$

mak kom{e lmò {ewcufe |ha$ mak |c kom{e |ywomk {c mdd golmu|o mdd emro |haaok! %AW\R Wc`

?>=7(

=! \ha mak Kom{e ha Ymud| Mkm`-Lewh|{cdcfx

Ha eh| gccj[eo Oyh|{do cb Wc`ma|$ Kcufdm| N! @cc oydmha| Wc` ?>=7 mak |mx|$

Ymud ldmh` {em{ |ha lmò ha{c {eo vcwdk {ewcufe cao `ma vcudk emro gooa ac{ehaf aov {c

maxcao vec jaov eh| cw eow C[ cw Novh|e {wmkh{hca! Acw vcudk eh| |olcak m||ow{hca ha {eh|

row|o> mak {ewcufe |ha kom{e Zlmò ha{c {eo vcwdkP! Bcw {eo uagwomjmgdo lcaaol{hcago{vooa |ha mak kom{e$ `mko ldomw ha Foa! 7- Vhddhm` G! Oowk`ma|

Yugdh|ehaf Lc`ymax$ =885( =7?!=6 Bcw ha|{malo$ Ymud |mx|$ [eo dm|{ oao`x {c go ko|{wcxok h| kom{e! %AW\R = Lcw! =?>72(=5

Kcufdm| N! @cc$ [eo Oyh|{do cb Wc`ma| %Fwmak Wmyhk|$ @hlehfma> Vhddhm` G! Oowk`ma| Yugdh|ehaf

Lc`ymax$ =882(


9/21

8

do||$ |emwo m| vodd! H{ h| ldomw {c ò {em{ bwc` Ymud vo haeowh{ok {eo {wmkh{hcamd Lewh|{hma rhov

mgcu{ {eo dhaj go{vooa Mkm`| bmdd mak {eo uahrow|mdh{x cb kom{e m`caf eu`ma|!

7! Vem{ \cw{ cb Kom{e Kco| Ymud Emro ha @hak3

H| eo {mdjhaf mgcu{ yex|hlmd$ |yhwh{umd$ cw o{owamd kom{e3 [eo lm{ofcwh~m{hca cb {eo|o kom{e| h|

cb |x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfx gu{ ac{ cb Ymud! Vehdo Fwooj yehdc|cyeow| kh|{hafuh|e |cud bwc` gckx$

Ymud |oo`| {c `mha{mha {eo ecdh|{hl rhov cb kom{e!79

Ywcgmgdx$ eo u{hdh~o| yex|hlmd kom{e m| {eo

orhkoalo cb {eo uahrow|mdh{x cb |ha$ gu{ eo kco| ac{ kh|{hafuh|e {eh| kom{e bwc` {em{ kom{e!7=

Mfmha$ h{ h| ldomw {em{ Ymud ywo`h|ok yex|hlmd kom{e m| {eo lca|o}uoalo cb Mkm`| bmdd!

Ymud Whlcuow lwh{h}uo| {eo dcfhl cb Ymud ha Wc` ? mak |mx|$ ! ! ! h{ h| ma mw{hbhlhmd lca|{wul{hca:

Ymud h| womddx ha{owo|{ok ha Lewh|{$ ac{ ha Mkm`: eo lca{whro| m ec`hdo{hlmd |x`ò{wx$ gu{ Mkm`|

ymw{ lca|{h{u{o| cadx m bdxhaf gu{{wo||$ cadx m bmd|o lcduà!77

[ecufe eh| |{m{oòa{ |cuak| emw|e {c Ormafodhlmd Lewh|{hma|$ h{ |oo`| {c ò {em{ eo ycha{|

cu{ m lcuydo cb |hfahbhlma{ {wu{e|! Bhw|{$ h{ h| {wuo {em{ Ha orowx vmx {eo mkkh{hca Zcb Mkm`P h|

godm{ok mak$ ha low{mha wo|yol{|$ aca-o||oa{hmd ! ! ! [eo ywcyeo{| hfacwo eh` ! ! ! No|u| eh`|odb

aorow wobow| {c {eo Mkm`hl |{cwx!7 Wmakc` Ecu|o$ =8 Kom{e ha {eo Vo|{owa Vcwdk>

[vc Lcabdhl{haf Luwwoa{| cb [ecufe{okh{ gx Jwh|{ow \{oakmed %Aov Xcwj> [eo @ml`hddma Lc`ymax$ =82?($ 8-?

! ! ! Ymud `mx bclu| ca yex|hlmd kom{e m| {eo orhkoalo$ {eo cu{vmwk `mahbo|{m{hca cb {eh| {c{md kom{e: cw$ go{{ow$eo `mx |h`ydx emro ha `hak {eh| kom{e ha gc{e h{| yex|hlmd mak |yhwh{umd m|yol{|! Kcufdm| N! @cc$ Hddu`ham{haf {eo Whkkdo %Dohlo|{cw> Mycddc|$ =886( 7=-77:;?(!


10/21

=9

o`yem|h~o {eo fwmlo cb Lewh|{$ eo `hfe{ fc m gh{ bmw mgcu{ {eo ko|lwhy{hca cb vem{ Mkm` em| kcao!

Ha {eh| ym||mfo$ Ymud |o{| {eo bwmòvcwj mak h{ h| Mkm` m| {eo {xyo cb Lewh|{ %Wc` ?>=;(! Ha

cwkow {c ko|lwhgo Lewh|{| fwmlo$ eo òa{hcaok Mkm`| {wo|ym|| %Wc` ?>=?(! Ha cwkow {c ko|lwhgo

Lewh|{| nu|{hbhlm{hca$ eo òa{hcaok Mkm`| lcakoàm{hca %Wc` ?>=2(! Ha cwkow {c ko|lwhgo

Lewh|{| fwmlo {em{ fhro| o{owamd dhbo$ eo òa{hcaok Mkm`| |ha {em{ lmu|ok kom{e %Wc` ?>7=(! M|

bcw {eo dm|{ cao$ h{ h| bmhw {c |mx {em{ h{ voa{ m gh{ bmw ha lc`ymwhaf vh{e vem{ {eo Gccj cb Foao|h|

|mx|!

G! [eo Gmljfwcuak cb Ymudhao [eocdcfx[eo Koldhao cb {eo \{m{o cb Mkm`

[eoa vex kco| Ymud fc m gh{ bmw vh{e {eo ko|lwhy{hca cb vem{ Mkm` em| kcao3 H| {eowo max

wom|camgdo oydmam{hca3 Mllcwkhaf {c \oxcca Jh`$ ha Novh|e {eocdcfx$ {eowo vm| ma mfo {em{

Mkm` vm| lca|hkowok m fwom{ `ma m| vodd m| @c|o|!7? Xo{$ dm{ow ca$ ! ! ! {eo fwom{ow {eo

|hfahbhlmalo {eox |mv ha {eo \hamh worodm{hca cw ha {eo ò||hmahl mfo$ {eo `cwo aofm{hrodx {eo

Novh|e {eocdcfhma| nukfok Mkm`| bmdd! Dhjovh|o$ {eo fwom{ow {eo |hfahbhlmalo Ymud |mv ha No|u|

Lewh|{$ {eo `cwo aofm{hrodx eo nukfok Mkm`| bmdd!72

Vem{ kco| {eh| eh|{cwhlmd gmljfwcuak {odd u|3 Bhw|{$ Ymud aofm{hrodx nukfok Mkm`$ golmu|o h{

vm| {eo {hkmd luwwoa{ cb eh| mfo! \olcak$ Ymud aofm{hrodx nukfok Mkm`$ dhjo {eo lca{wm|{ go{vooa

Mkm` mak @c|o| gx Novh|e |lecdmw|: {eo lca{wm|{ go{vooa Mkm` mak No|u| yu|eok Ymud {c kc |c!

[eh| eh|{cwhlmd gmljfwcuak `mjo| |oa|o {em{ Ymud voa{ m gh{ bmw ha {eo ko|lwhy{hca cb vem{ Mkm`

em| kcao! ! ! ! h{ h| ywcgmgdo {em{ \{! Ymud bcddcvok {eo wmgghahl {omlehaf cb eh| kmx ha {eo godhob

{em{ kom{e vm| {eo lca|o}uoalo cb Mkm`| |ha! ! ! !76

7? \oxcca Jh`$ [eo Cwhfha cb Ymud| Fc|yod %Fwmak Wmyhk|$ @hlehfma> Vhddhm` G Oowk`ma| Yugdh|ehaf

Lc`ymax$ =85=($ 727!72

\oxcca Jh`$ 727!76 Wohaecdk Ahoguew$ =6;!


11/21

==

L! M`ghfuh{x Wo`mha|

Ecvorow$ m`ghfuh{x mgcu{ Mkm`| lcakh{hca gobcwo {eo bmdd ha Ymudhao {eocdcfx wo`mha|!

Ha{owo|{hafdx$ cao cb Ymudhao do{{ow|$ = [h` =2 |oo`| {c h`ydx {em{ Mkm` vm| `cw{md gobcwo {eo

bmdd! H{ h| ZFckP mdcao vec em| h``cw{mdh{x! ! ! ! %AW\R = [h` =2( Mkm` h| `cw{md$ golmu|o

eo h| ac{ Fck gu{ m eu`ma! Vo emro lca{wmkhl{cwx mfoakm| cb Ymudhao dh{owm{uwo lcalowahaf {eo

wom|ca bcw {eo uahrow|mdh{x cb {eo yex|hlmd kom{e cb eu`majhak! H vcakow hb vo lcudk m|j Ymud

veo{eow cw ac{ yex|hlmd kom{e h| golmu|o cb cuw bhah{uko cw Mkm`| bmdd$ ecv vcudk eo ma|vow3

K! Lcaldu|hca

[eo {wmkh{hcamd Lewh|{hma rhov {em{ Mkm` vm| h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd vm| kowhrok bwc`

Ymudhao {eocdcfx %Wc` ?>=7$ = Lcw =?>7=($ gu{ m`ghfuh{x wo`mha| %= [h` =2( mak vo lmaac{ go

|uwo veo{eow cw ac{ Ymud lca|hkowok {em{ Mkm` vm| h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd!

HHH! \XA[EO\H\

Ecv |ecudk vo |xa{eo|h~o {eo|o km{m3 Bhw|{$ vo |ecudk ac{ kh|lmwk {eo kcl{whao cb |ha!

Eh|{cwhlmddx$ {eo kh|lu||hca cb Mkm`| `cw{mdh{x gobcwo {eo bmdd vm| ko|{haok ac{ {c go cyoadx

kh|lu||ok$ |halo Yodmfhu| |uyycw{ok {eh| rhov! H{ vm| wofmwkok {em{ {ec|o vec |uyycw{ Mkm`|

`cw{mdh{x gobcwo {eo bmdd md|c |uyycw{ eu`ma| |hado||ao||!75

Xo{$ vo aook {c kh|{hafuh|e go{vooa

{eo uahrow|mdh{x cb |ha mak Mkm`| lcakh{hca gobcwo {eo bmdd! [eo uahrow|mdh{x cb |ha h| m

foauhaodx ghgdhlmd kcl{whao mak lmaac{ go kh|lmwkok! \olcak$ vo aook {c kc nu|{hlo {c omle {o{

ha {eo \lwhy{uwo m| {eo cao vec godhoro| {em{ Mdd |lwhy{uwo h| ha|yhwok gx Fck! %7 [h` =2(

[ehwk$ vo emro {c mk`h{ {em{ Lewh|{hma kcl{whao vm| fcrowaok gx {eo {eocdcfx cb Ymud! Vo kc

75 H{ h| |mhk {em{ Yodmfhu| mkrclm{ok {em{$ Mkm` vm| `mko `cw{md$ mak vcudk emro khok$ veo{eow eo |haaok cw

khk ac{ |ha: {em{ {eo |ha cb Mkm` hanuwok eh`|odb mdcao$ ac{ {eo eu`ma wmlo! ! ! ! Ywobmlo {c {eo M`owh lma Okh{hca ha\mha{ Mufu|{hao| Ma{h-Yodmfhma Vcwj| {wma| gx Yo{ow Ecd`o|$ K!K!$ B!W!M!\!$ mak Wor! Wcgow{ Owao|{ Vmddh|$ Ye!K!$

worh|ok gx Goanm`ha G! Vmwbhodk$ K!K!$ %Mdgmax> Mfo| \cb{vmwo$ =886( 79!


12/21

=7

aook {eo bwmòvcwj ha cwkow {c lca|{wul{ |x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfx mak {eo bwmòvcwj cb Ymudhao

{eocdcfx h| {eo `c|{ u|obud bwmòvcwj bcw {em{ lca|{wul{hca! Xo{$ cuw oofo|h| cb omle {o{

|ecudk ac{ go habduoalok gx {eo ywo|uyyc|h{hca| cb Ymud!78

Bcuw{e$ ha {eo |x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfx cb

Ywc{o|{ma{h|`$ h{ |ecudk go wofmwkok {em{ Mkm` vm| `cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd! Ha {eo {eocdcfx cb {eo

Gccj cb Foao|h|$ h{ h| ldomw {em{ Mkm` vm| `cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd! Ha Ymudhao {eocdcfx vo lmaac{

go |uwo veo{eow cw ac{ Ymud |mv Mkm` m| h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd! [eowobcwo$ h{ |oo`| {c go

ywcyow {c wofmwk Mkm` m| `cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd! Bhb{e$ vo |ecudk wofmwk yex|hlmd kom{e ac{ m|

{eo yoamd{x cb Mkm`| bmdd gu{ m| {eo bhah{uko cb eu`majhak! \uwodx orowxcao |{mak| m| m òwo

gwom{e! %AW\R Y|md` ?(

LCALD_\HCA

[eo lca{wcddhaf }uo|{hca cb {eh| ymyow h| Vm| Mkm` h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd3 mak {eo ma|vow

{c {eh| }uo|{hca h| Eo vm| `cw{md oroa gobcwo {eo bmdd! Mllcwkhaf {c cuw wo|omwle$ ha {eo Gccj

cb Foao|h|$ {eo mu{ecw| ha{oa{hca h| {c ko|lwhgo {em{ Mkm` vm| `cw{md oroa gobcwo {eo bmdd$ gu{

{em{ Ymud {eo myc|{do `hfe{wofmwk Mkm` m| h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd$ mak H mwfuok {em{ ha {eo

|x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfx cb Ywc{o|{ma{h|`$ h{ |ecudk go wofmwkok {em{ Mkm` vm| `cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd!

Ha {eh| ymyow$ H yuw|uok {c woo|{mgdh|e {eo kcl{whao cb {eo wodm{hca|ehy go{vooa yex|hlmd kom{e

mak |ha! @x ò{eck h| {c kc nu|{hlo {c omle {o{! H| {eh| ò{eck ma cg|{mldo bcw |x|{o`m{hl

{eocdcfx {c go |emyok ha {eo lceowoa{ bm|ehca3 Ha m |oa|o$ H lemddoafok |cò ymw{| cb {eo

{wmkh{hcamd rhov cb {eo kcl{whao cb {eo wodm{hca|ehy go{vooa yex|hlmd kom{e mak |ha! Ha c{eow |oa|o$

`x obbcw{| ywcrhko {eo lceowoa{ rhov mgcu{ Fck! [eo {wmkh{hcamd rhov |mv Foa 7-< m| òwodx {eo

oudcfx cb {eo uahrow|mdh{x cbeu`ma| |habudao||! Foa 7-< h| |uwodx {eo oudcfx cb {eo uahrow|mdh{x

78Ymud |mx| {voa{x-{ewoo {ecu|mak bodd ha m |hafdo kmx! %AW\R = Lcw =9>5( gu{ haAu` 7?>8 Aorow{eodo||

{ec|o {em{ khok gx {eo ydmfuo vowo {voa{x-bcuw {ecu|mak! %AW\R Au` 7?>8( Kuo {c {eo mu{ecwh{x cb Ymud$ |ecudk

vo |mx {em{ {voa{x-{ewoo {ecu|mak khok ha|{omk cb {voa{x-bcuw {ecu|mak3 Ymud lmaac{ lemafo vem{ C[ mu{ecw| |mx!


13/21

==5(3 H| {eh| Fck ac{ {eo |m`o Fck vec h| {eo Bm{eow cb ywckhfmd |ca %Dj =?>==-ywo`h|ok oroa m`caf Lewh|{hma| {em{ {ecufe Fck h| dcro ha {eo A[$ Eo h| ac{ womddx |c ha {eo C[!

O|yolhmddx$ ha {eo |{cwx cb {eo Mkm`| bmdd ha {eo Gccj cb Foao|h|$ {eo {wmkh{hcamd rhov emwkdx

|oo| Fck| dcro! Vem{ kco| {eo oofo|h| cb omle {o{ gwhaf u|3 H{ h| {c lca{whgu{o |x|{o`m{hl

{eocdcfx gx ywcrhkhaf {eo lceowoa{ rhov cb Fck$ mak bwc` {eo gofhaahaf cb {eo \lwhy{uwo$ Fck

h| dcro!


14/21

=;

MYYOAKHU

Ha {eh| myyoakh$ H vhdd gwhobdx ha{wckulo ecv {vc |x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfhma| komd vh{e {eo h||uo cb

|ha mak kom{e mak vhdd ormdum{o {eo rhov cb omle yow|ca!

M! [eo Lm|o cb @hddmwk N! Owhlj|ca

=! Vex Khk \hado|| No|u| Kho$ Hb Mkm` Vm| H``cw{md Gobcwo {eo Bmdd3

Ha eh| gccjLewh|{hma [eocdcfx$ @hddmwk N! Owhlj|ca m|j| eh`|odb m| bcddcv|! Hb Mkm` vowo

h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd$ No|u| vcudk ac{ kho$ golmu|o No|u| khk ac{ |ha mak khk ac{ haeowh{

Mkm`| lcwwuy{ok am{uwo! Gu{ Eo |uwodx khok! Ecv h| h{ yc||hgdo {c {ehaj {em{ Mkm` vm|

h``cw{md gobcwo {eo bmdd3 [eh| h| ma oahf`m!

Ha cwkow {c |cdro {eo {oa|hca go{vooa No|u| kom{e mak Mkm`| |{m{o gobcwo {eo bmdd$ eo |mx|$ H

vcudk |uffo|{ {eo lcaloy{ cb lcakh{hcamd h``cw{mdh{x m| {eo |{m{o cb Mkm` gobcwo {eo bmdd! Eo

vm| ac{ haeowoa{dx mgdo {c dhro bcworow$ gu{ eo aook ac{ emro khok!


15/21

=?

o{hafuh|eok {em{ yc||hghdh{x gx eh`|odb! Eo vm| oyoddok bwc` {eo Fmwkoa cb Okoa mak vm|

ko|{haok {c go fchaf {c kho vh{ecu{ om{haf {eo bwuh{| cb {eo {woo cb dhbo! Yworhcu|dx ZMkm`P lcudk

kho: acv ZeoP vcudkkho!


16/21

=2

Gwuoffo`ma |{m{o|$ H lcaldukok {em{ h{ h| h`yc||hgdo {c bm|ehca m lceowoa{ |{m{oòa{ lcalowahaf

{eocdcfhlmd |ug|{malo cw {eoò| ha {eo Cdk [o|{mòa{ uado|| {eo {eoò| cw |ug|{malo go bwmòk

|c gwcmkdx mak haldu|hrodx m| {c go u|odo||!


17/21

=6

Ac{ {eo cgnol{hro bml{ cb kom{e gu{ cuw |ugnol{hro oyowhoalo cb h{ h| uakow|{cck m| {eo

lca|o}uoalo cb |ha!7=($ gu{ h{ h| kobhah{odx bomw bcw {ec|o vec kc ac{ godhoro ha

Lewh|{! Xo{$ kco| {eh| y|xlecdcfhlmd ha{owywo{m{hca lcrow {eo vecdo ghgdhlmd rhov lcalowahaf {eh|

h||uo3;9

Mfmha|{ {eo {oakoalx cb {eh| y|xlecdcfhlmd ha{owywo{m{hca$ Ymaaoagowf lwh{h}uo| mak |mx|$

Wh{|led lc`ydo{odx bmhdok {c |oo$ ecvorow$ {em{ {eo {wma|bcw`haf cb kom{e ha {eo |mxhaf| cb Ymud

em| h{| gm|h| ha {eo bml{cgnol{hro bcw Ymud m| dom|{! ! ! !;=

Mfmha|{ {eo {oakoalx cb y|xlecdcfhlmd

ha{owywo{m{hca cb {eo `ckowa mfo$ Ymaaoagowf ecdk| {eo Lewh|{hma cw{eckc rhov {em{ {eo bmdd cb

Mkm` kco| ac{ òwodx gwhaf {eo bomw cb {eo kom{e gu{ gwhaf| yex|hlmd kom{e {c eu`majhak!

7! [eo Lwh{h}uo cbWmeaow| [eocdcfx

Ymaaoagowf ormdum{o| Jmwd Wmeaow| [eocdcfho ko| [cko| mak lmdd| {eh| gccjcao cb {eo bhao|{

obbcw{| cb 79{e-loa{uwx {eocdcfx {c mlehoro m kooyow uakow|{makhaf cb {eo dhaj| go{vooa

lwom{uwodx dhbo$ |ha$ mak kom{e!;7

Ha {eh| gccj$ Wmeaow u{hdh~o| {eo yehdc|cyex cb @mw{ha

Eohkoffow mak ha Eohkoffow| yehdc|cyex kom{e ydmx| ma h`ycw{ma{ wcdo {c lc`ydo{o {eo

vecdoao|| cb eu`ma oh|{oalo!

Vhddhm` G! Oowk`ma| Yugdh|ehaf Lc`ymax$ =88;( 726!;9 H{ h| |{hdd yc||hgdo bcw eu`ma {c yomlobuddx kho vh{ecu{ Fck! Bcw ha|{malo$ Kmrhk Euò$ vec koahok Lewh|{hma

bmh{e ua{hd {eo rowx dm|{ còa{ cb eh| dhbo$ khk ac{ oywo|| max bomw cb kom{e! Leuc _ahrow|h{x! Kmrhk Euò> Vcwj|

" Mu{cfwmye Do{{ow|$ Lcyxwhfe{ 7997 Mdd whfe{| wo|owrok! e{{y>##vvv7!leuc-u!ml!ny#dhgwmwx#euò#mgcu{#;=

Vcdbemw{ Ymaaoagowf$ 728!;7 Vcdbemw{ Ymaaoagowf$ 76


18/21

=5

Ymaaoagowf lwh{h}uo| mak |mx|$ Bhw|{$ h{ h| Fck$ ac{ kom{e$ vec lma gwhaf {c h{| {c{mdh{x {eo

oh|{oalo cb {eo lwom{uwo {em{ eo em| yc|h{ok!; @hwmh|em$ =88?( rhhh! [eowobcwo$ H kmwo {c lmdd eh| yehdc|cyex ma m{eoh|{hl yehdc|cyex$

{ecufe eo khk ac{ ywobow {c go lmddok!;? Vcdbemw{ Ymaaoagowf$ 76;!;2 Vcdbemw{ Ymaaoagowf$ 76;!;6

Vcdbemw{ Ymaaoagowf$ 769!;5

Vcdbemw{ Ymaaoagowf$ 769!;8 Vcdbemw{ Ymaaoagowf$ 769!


19/21

=8

{c cadx crowo`yem|h~o {eo aofm{hro h`yml{ cb |ha$ mak |u``ca| Lewh|{hma| {c woò`gow {em{

Fck dh`h{| {eo ycvow cb orhd mak gwhaf| fcck bwc` orhd!?9

;! Ormdum{hca

[eo |{woaf{e| cb Ymaaoagowf| |xa{eo|h| mwo {em{ eo bhw|{$ ywcyowdx |u`| uy {eo eh|{cwx cb

ha{owywo{m{hca cb {eo h||uo cb {eo dhaj go{vooa yex|hlmd kom{e mak |ha! Ha cwkow {c lwh{hlmddx {ehaj

{eh| h||uo {ewcufe$ {eo jacvdokfo cb eh|{cwx cb ha{owywo{m{hca cb {eh| h||uo h| }uh{o h`ycw{ma{!

\olcak$ eo lwh{hlmddx wo|ycak| {c {ec|o ha{owywo{m{hca| veoa h{ h| aookok$ |c {em{ {eo womkow lma

domwa {eo ha{owml{hca cb {eo mu{ecw vh{e woywo|oa{m{hro {eocdcfhma|! [ehwk$ ha eh| |lcyo$ oroa

{ecufe{| cb aca-Lewh|{hma {ehajow| mwo haldukok %o!f! Eohkoffow( |c {em{ {eo womkow lma om`hao

{eo myywcywhm{oao|| cb |x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfx ha {eo dhfe{ cb m vhkow lca{o{! Bcuw{e$ eo lemddoafo|

{eo {wmkh{hcamd Lewh|{hma rhov %o!f! yex|hlmd kom{e m| m yoamd{x cb |ha(! Eo uykm{o| eh| |x|{o`m{hl

{eocdcfx m| eh| wo|omwle korodcy|! Bhb{e$ eo gwhaf| ecyo %o!f! Fck dh`h{| {eo ycvow cb orhd mak

gwhaf| fcck bwc` {eo orhd( ha {eo kh|lu||hca cb kom{e mak |ha! Hb vo h|cdm{o cao |ugnol{ bwc` {eo

c{eow ha {eo kh|lu||hca cb |x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfx$ h{ h| ac{ womddx |x|{o`m{hl! M| m vecdo$ {eo

\lwhy{uwo h| {eo gccj cbecyo mak h{ h| ghgdhlmd mak |x|{o`m{hl {em{ Ymaaoagowf halduko| ecyo

oroa ha {eo kh|lu||hca cb kom{e mak |ha!

Ecvorow$ ha `x nukfòa{$ ha eh| kh|lu||hca$ bhw|{$ {eo om`ham{hca cb {eo ghgdhlmd

vcwk#lcaloy{ h| ac{ kooy oacufe! \olcak$ m| m wo|ud{$ {eo oofo|h| cb lwulhmd ym||mfo| h| ac{

kcao oacufe! Mfmha$ vo aook {c woò`gow {em{ [eo |x|{o`m{hl {eocdcfhma h| koyoakoa{ ca {eo

vcwj mak ha|hfe{| cb {eo dmgcwow| ha {eo oofo{hlmd rhaoxmwk!?=

?9Vcdbemw{ Ymaaoagowf$ 76;!

?= @hddmwk N! Owhlj|ca$ 7?!


20/21

79

GHGDHCFWMYEX

Mufu|{hao! Ma{h-Yodmfhma Vcwj| {wma| gx Yo{ow Ecdò|$ K!K!$ B!W!M!\!$ mak Wor! Wcgow{ Owao|{

Vmddh|$ Ye!K!$ worh|ok gx Goanm`ha G! Vmwbhodk$ K!K!$ Mdgmax> Mfo| \cb{vmwo$ =886!

Gdcleow$ Eoawh! Cwhfhamd \ha> Hddu`ham{haf {eo Whkkdo! Dohlo|{cw> Mycddc|$ =886!

Gwuoffo`maa$ Vmd{ow! [eocdcfx cb {eo Cdk [o|{mòa{> {o|{h`cax$ Kh|yu{o$ Mkrclmlx!

@haaomycdh|> Bcw{wo|| Ywo||$ =886!

Leuc _ahrow|h{x$Kmrhk Euò> Vcwj| " Mu{cfwmye Do{{ow|$ Lcyxwhfe{ 7997 Mdd whfe{| wo|owrok!

e{{y>##vvv7!leuc-u!ml!ny#dhgwmwx#euò#mgcu{#

Ludd`ma$ C|lmw o{l! H``cw{mdh{x mak Wo|uwwol{hca> Kom{e ha {eo Vo|{owa Vcwdk> [vc Lcabdhl{haf

Luwwoa{| cb [ecufe{okh{ gx Jwh|{ow \{oakmed! Aov Xcwj> [eo @ml`hddma Lc`ymax$ =82?!

Kwmao$ NceaHa{wckulhaf {eo Cdk [o|{mòa{! [cjxc> Jckma|em$ 799

Kuaa$ Nmò| K! F! [eo [eocdcfx cb Ymud {eo Myc|{do! Fwmak Wmyhk|$ @hlehfma> Vhddhm` G!

Oowk`ma| Yugdh|ehaf Lc`ymax$ =885!

Owhlj|ca$ @hddmwk N! Lewh|{hma [eocdcfx 7ak okh! Fwmak Wmyhk|$ @hlehfma> Gmjowgccj|$ =885!

Em`hd{ca$ Rhl{cw Y! [eo Gccj cb Foao|h| Lemy{ow| =-=6! Fwmak Wmyhk|$ @hlehfma> Vhddhm` G!Oowk`ma| Yugdh|ehaf Lc`ymax$ =889!

Eohkoffow$ @mw{ha!Gohaf mak [hò! [cjxc> Jckma|em$ =859!

Jhowjofmmwk$ \cwoa!Oh{eow#Cw rcd! = {wm| gx Kmrhk B! \voa|ca mak Dhddhma @mwrha \voa|ca

worh|ok gx Ecvmwk M! Ncea|ca! Ywhalo{ca$ Aov Now|ox$ Ywhalo{ca _ahrow|h{x Ywo||$ =86=!

Jh`$ \oxcca! [eo Cwhfha cb Ymud| Fc|yod! Fwmak Wmyhk|$ @hlehfma> Vhddhm` G Oowk`ma|

Yugdh|ehaf Lc`ymax$ =85=!

@cc$ Kcufdm| N! [eo Oyh|{do cb Wc`ma|! Fwmak Wmyhk|$ @hlehfma> Vhddhm` G! Oowk`ma|Yugdh|ehaf Lc`ymax$ =882!

Eohkod$ Mdomakow! [eo Fhdfmò|e Oyhl mak cdk [o|{mòa{ Ymwmddod|> M [wma|dm{hca mak

ha{owywo{m{hca cb {eo Fhdfmò|e Oyhl mak wodm{ok Gmgxdcahma mak M||xwhma Kcluòa{|!

Lehlmfc> [eo _ahrow|h{x cb Lehlmfc Ywo||$ =82

Eufc C{{c$@mw{ha Eohkoffow> _a{owvof| |u |ouaow Ghcfwmyeho! [cjxc> @hwmh|em$ =88?!

Ymaaoagowf$ Vcdbemw{! \x|{o`m{hl [eocdcfx rcduò 7! {wma| gx Focbbwox V! Gwc`hdox$ Fwmak

Wmyhk|$ @hlehfma> Vhddhm` G! Oowk`ma| Yugdh|ehaf Lc`ymax$ =88;!
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Ydm{c$ Yemokc ha [eo Khmdcfuo| cb Ydm{c rcd! cao {wma| gx G! Ncvo{{$ @!M! Aov Xcwj> Wmakc`

Ecu|o$ =8 M Lc`òam{wx! Yehdmkodhyehm$ [eo Vo|{`ha|{ow Ywo||$ =867!

Wohaecdk Ahoguew$ [eo Am{uwo mak Ko|{hax cb @ma> Rcd = Eu`ma Am{uwo! Aov Xcwj> Lemwdo|\lwhgaow| \ca|$ =82;!

\mwam$ Ameu` @! [eo NY\ [cwme Lc`òa{mwx Foao|h|> [eo [wmkh{hcamd Eogwov [o{ vh{e {eo

Aov NY\ [wma|dm{hca! Yehdmkodhyehm$ Aov Xcwj$ Nowu|mdo`> [eo Novh|e Yugdhlm{hca \clho{x$

=858!

Vo|{ow`maa$ Ldmu|! Foao|h| =-==> M Lc`òa{mwx! {wma| gx Ncea N! \luddhca \!N! @haaomycdh|>Muf|guwf Yugdh|ehaf Ecu|o$ =85;!

Vexgwmx$ W! Acw`ma!Ha{wckul{hca {c {eo Yoa{m{oule! [cjxc> Jxcguajvma$ =885!

Vcdbb$ Ema| Vmd{ow!Ma{ewcycdcfx cb {eo Cdk [o|{mòa{! Yehdmkodyehm> Bcw{wo|| Ywo||$ =86;!

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