Wars of the Wars of the RosesRoses

(1455 – 1485)(1455 – 1485)

Wars of the RosesWars of the Roses

Civil war fought between the House Civil war fought between the House of Lancaster and the House of Yorkof Lancaster and the House of York

Plantagenet royal housePlantagenet royal house The name of warsThe name of wars BadgesBadges

Historical backgroundsHistorical backgrounds

Start of the hostilityStart of the hostility Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of

LancasterLancaster Richard, Duke of YorkRichard, Duke of York

Henry VIHenry VI

A weak king , considered incapableA weak king , considered incapable York‘s claim to the throneYork‘s claim to the throne 1453 – Henry became insane, 1453 – Henry became insane,

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York named a Lord Protectornamed a Lord Protector

1455 – Henry‘s recovery1455 – Henry‘s recovery

The initial phase 1455 - The initial phase 1455 - 14601460

May, 1455 – The First Battle of St. Albans – a May, 1455 – The First Battle of St. Albans – a Lancastrian defeatLancastrian defeat

York was again appointed ProtectorYork was again appointed Protector York in IrelandYork in Ireland King‘s court at CoventryKing‘s court at Coventry Richard Neville, Earl of WarwickRichard Neville, Earl of Warwick 1459 – York‘s return from Ireland, two battles ( 1459 – York‘s return from Ireland, two battles (

the Battle of the Battle of BloreBlore Health, the Battle of Health, the Battle of Ludford Ludford Bridge)…Lancastrian back in total Bridge)…Lancastrian back in total controlcontrol

July, 1460 – the Battle of Northampton – July, 1460 – the Battle of Northampton – Warwick wonWarwick won

The Act of AccordThe Act of Accord

Parliament was assembledParliament was assembled York produced detailed genealogiesYork produced detailed genealogies October, 1460 – the Act of Accord…October, 1460 – the Act of Accord…

York recognized as Henry‘s York recognized as Henry‘s successorsuccessor

Lancastrian counter - Lancastrian counter - attackattack

The Act of Accord proved The Act of Accord proved unacceptable for Lancastrianunacceptable for Lancastrian

December, 1460 – the Battle of December, 1460 – the Battle of Wakefield – York‘s army devastated, Wakefield – York‘s army devastated, Richard killedRichard killed

Richard‘s son Edward became a heirRichard‘s son Edward became a heir 1461 – the Second Battle of St. Albans 1461 – the Second Battle of St. Albans

– Warwick‘s army was destroyed– Warwick‘s army was destroyed

Yorkist Yorkist triumphtriumph

Edward and Warwick entered to Edward and Warwick entered to LondonLondon

March, 1461 – the Battle of March, 1461 – the Battle of TowtonTowton…the biggest battle, Edward …the biggest battle, Edward wonwon

June, 1461 – Edward‘s official June, 1461 – Edward‘s official coronation in Londoncoronation in London

Resumption of hostilitiesResumption of hostilities 1469 - 711469 - 71

1467 – 70 = deterioration in the 1467 – 70 = deterioration in the relationship between King Edward and relationship between King Edward and WarwickWarwick

1469 – Warwick made an alliance with 1469 – Warwick made an alliance with George, brother of EdwardGeorge, brother of Edward

The Battle of The Battle of EdgecoteEdgecote Moore – Edward Moore – Edward captured, but later liberated by his second captured, but later liberated by his second brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucesterbrother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester

Warwick and Margaret of Anjou Warwick and Margaret of Anjou 1471 – the Battle of Barnet and the Battle 1471 – the Battle of Barnet and the Battle

of Tewkesburyof Tewkesbury

Richard IIIRichard III Edward‘s premature deathEdward‘s premature death Princes in the TowerPrinces in the Tower Richard, Duke of Richard, Duke of

Gloucester´= King Gloucester´= King Richard IIIRichard III

Lancastrian hopes Lancastrian hopes centered on Henry Tudorcentered on Henry Tudor

1485 – the Battle of 1485 – the Battle of Bosworth FieldBosworth Field

Henry Tudor became King Henry Tudor became King Henry VIIHenry VII

Marriage with Elizabeth of Marriage with Elizabeth of York…he reunited the two York…he reunited the two royal housesroyal houses

The new emblem of the The new emblem of the red and white Tudor Rosered and white Tudor Rose

ConsequencesConsequences

Heavy casualtiesHeavy casualties The fall of the PlantagenetThe fall of the Plantagenet The new Tudor dynastyThe new Tudor dynasty

The House of LancasterThe House of Lancaster

Dynasty of English kingsDynasty of English kings John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of LancasterJohn of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster Symbol = a red rose, the country Symbol = a red rose, the country

flower of Lancashire (Rosa flower of Lancashire (Rosa gallicagallica officinalisofficinalis))

The House of YorkThe House of York

A branch of the English royal house A branch of the English royal house of Plantagenetof Plantagenet

Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of YorkYork

Symbol = a white roseSymbol = a white rose

VocabularyVocabulary

BadgeBadge – znak – znak CaptivityCaptivity - zajetí - zajetí CasualtyCasualty – oběť – oběť CoronationCoronation – –

korunovacekorunovace DecisiveDecisive - -

rozhodujícírozhodující DeteriorationDeterioration – –

zhoršenízhoršení Descent Descent – původ– původ

FleeFlee – uprchnout – uprchnout Genealogy – Genealogy –

rodokmenrodokmen IntermittentIntermittent - -

přerušovanápřerušovaná OverthrowOverthrow – –

svrhnoutsvrhnout Reversal Reversal – zvrat– zvrat StrengthenStrengthen - posílit - posílit

Thank you for your Thank you for your attention.attention.

Kateřina KusáKateřina Kusá