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Warm-Up September 13, 2013 (ODD) 1. Draw a picture of an atom, and label the different particles. 2. What is an atom? 3. What is a compound? 4. What does it mean to conserve? 5. What is a proportion?

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Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD). Draw a picture of an atom, and label the different particles. What is an atom? What is a compound? What does it mean to conserve? What is a proportion? . Agenda September 13, 2013 (ODD). Begin New Unit: The Atom The Story of Chemistry HOMEWORK - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 13, 2013 (ODD)1. Draw a picture of an atom, and label the different

particles. 2. What is an atom? 3. What is a compound?4. What does it mean to conserve?5. What is a proportion?

Page 2: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 13, 2013 (ODD)1. Begin New Unit: The Atom2. The Story of Chemistry

HOMEWORK- Read pages 73 – 78

Page 3: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 16, 2013 (EVEN)1. Draw a picture of an atom, and label the different

particles. 2. What is an atom? 3. What is a compound?4. What does it mean to conserve?5. What is a proportion?

Page 4: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 16, 2013 (EVEN)

1. Begin New Unit: The Atom2. The Story of Chemistry

HOMEWORK- Read pages 73 – 78

Page 5: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 17, 2013 (ODD)1. What is the difference between a law and theory2. What does the prefix “sub” mean as in “submerge”

or “subscript” or “subordinate”3. In a cell, where is the DNA found?4. What word describes amount of space taken up by

an object?5. What word describes amount of “stuff” in an object.6. Density is the relationship between insert

phrase___ over insert phrase____

Page 6: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 17, 2013 (ODD)1. Go over exam2. Finish The Story of Chemistry3. The sequel: The Story of the Atom

HOMEWORK

Page 7: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 18, 2013 (EVEN)1. What is the difference between a law and theory2. What does the prefix “sub” mean as in “submerge”

or “subscript” or “subordinate”3. In a cell, where is the DNA found?4. What word describes amount of space taken up by

an object?5. What word describes amount of “stuff” in an object.6. Density is the relationship between insert

phrase___ over insert phrase____

Page 8: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 18, 2013 (EVEN)

1. Finish The Story of Chemistry2. The sequel: The Story of the Atom

HOMEWORK

Page 9: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 19, 2013 (ODD)1. Lego Activity2. The sequel: The Story of the Atom

HOMEWORK

Page 10: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 20, 2013 (E)1. Democritus came up with the concept of ________2. Robert Boyle came up with the concept of _______3. What are three important laws from the story so

far?4. Look up the terms “reactant” and “products.”

Page 11: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 20, 2013 (E)1. Finish Lego Activity today2. Begin the “The Story of Atom”, the sequel to “The

Story of Chemistry”

Page 12: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 23, 2013 (O)1. What does the prefix “sub” mean?2. What are the three subatomic particles discussed?3. What happens when the + side of a magnet is

placed next to a - side of a magnet? What happens when the + side is placed next to another + side?

4. Draw a line, a line segment, and a ray5. If a metal has a density of 2.86 g/cm3, what is the

volume of a 0.327g block of that metal?

Page 13: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 23, 2013 (O)1. Go over homework2. Begin the “The Story of Atom”, the sequel to “The

Story of Chemistry”

HOMEWORK1. Worksheet

Page 14: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 23, 2013 (O)1. Go over homework2. Begin the “The Story of Atom”, the sequel to “The

Story of Chemistry”• Discovery of the Electron• Discovery of the Nucleus and the Proton• Discovery of the Neutron

2. Atomic Number and Atomic Mass

HOMEWORK1. Worksheet

Page 15: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 24, 2013 (E)1. What does the prefix “sub” mean?2. What are the three subatomic particles discussed?3. What happens when the + side of a magnet is

placed next to a - side of a magnet? What happens when the + side is placed next to another + side?

4. Draw a line, a line segment, and a ray5. If a metal has a density of 2.86 g/cm3, what is the

volume? The mass is 0.327g6. Turn homework in box

Page 16: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 24, 2013 (E)1. Go over homework2. Begin the “The Story of Atom”, the sequel to “The

Story of Chemistry”

HOMEWORK1. Worksheet

Page 17: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 25, 2013 (O)1. Most of an atom is _________.2. Most of the mass of an atom is located _________3. What would happen if you shined a flashlight at the

object below? 4. What would you throw to make the object rotate?5. A package of Skittles has a mass of 28.8 grams.

One Skittle has a mass of 1.7 grams. How can I find out the number of Skittles for each package?

Page 18: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 25, 2013 (O)1. Go over homework2. Continue the “The Story of Atom”, the sequel to

“The Story of Chemistry”• Review Discovery of the Electron• Discovery of the Nucleus and the Proton• Discovery of the Neutron

3. Atomic Number and Atomic Mass

HOMEWORK1. Worksheet2. Read and outline 3.2

Page 19: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 26, 2013 (E)1. Most of an atom is _________.2. Most of the mass of an atom is located _________3. What would happen if you shined a flashlight at the

object below? 4. What would you throw to make the object rotate?5. A package of Skittles has a mass of 28.8 grams.

One Skittle has a mass of 1.7 grams. How can I find out the number of Skittles for each package?

Page 20: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 27, 2013 (O)1. What are the three important laws from our first

story?2. You did not create or destroy any Lego blocks in the

Lego activity. Which law is related to this?3. Use a McDonald’s cheeseburger to explain the Law

of Definite Proportion4. If 1 gallon = 3.94 liters, how many liters of gas

goes into a car with a 15 gallon tank?5. If 1 liter costs $1.39, how much to fill up the tank?

Page 21: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 27, 2013 (O)1. Go over homework2. Continue the “The Story of Atom”, the sequel to

“The Story of Chemistry”• Discovery of the Nucleus and the Proton

3. Atomic Number and Mass Number• Calculating number of protons and neutrons• Discovery of Neutron• What are isotopes?• Discovery of isotopes

HOMEWORK1. Worksheet

Page 22: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up September 30, 2013 (E)1. What are the three important laws from our first

story?2. You did not create or destroy any Lego blocks in the

Lego activity. Which law is related to this?3. Use a McDonald’s cheeseburger to explain the Law

of Definite Proportion4. If 1 gallon = 3.94 liters, how many liters of gas

goes into a car with a 15 gallon tank?5. If 1 liter costs $1.39, how much to fill up the tank?

Page 23: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda September 30, 2013 (E)1. Go over homework2. Continue the “The Story of Atom”, the sequel to

“The Story of Chemistry”• Discovery of the Nucleus and the Proton

3. Atomic Number and Mass Number• Calculating number of protons and neutrons• Discovery of Neutron• What are isotopes?• Discovery of isotopes

HOMEWORK1. Worksheet

Page 24: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up October 1, 2013 (O)1. Compound A has a mass of 2.77 g and compound B

has a mass of 5.54 g. Does this data support the law of multiple proportion?

2. Order the five main characters from the first story from earliest to latest: Boyle, Dalton, Democritus, Lavoisier, and Proust.

3. San Francisco is 384 miles away. A train leaves Los Angeles and travels 88 km in one hour. How long is the train ride if 1 mile = 1.6 km?

4. A train leaves Los Angeles and heads east to Washington D.C. The train travels 75 km in one hour. Hoover Dam is 280 miles away. How many minutes until the train arrives at Hoover Dam?

5. At what time will the train pass Hoover Dam if the train left Los Angeles at 3:30pm?

Page 25: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda October 1, 2013 (O)1. Review and finish the “The Story of Atom”, the

sequel to “The Story of Chemistry”• Discovery of the Nucleus and the Proton

2. Atomic Number and Mass Number• Calculating number of protons and neutrons• Discovery of Neutron• What are isotopes?• Discovery of isotopes

HOMEWORK1. Worksheet2. Section Review 3.2

Page 26: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up October 2, 2013 (E)1. Compound A has a mass of 2.77 g and compound B

has a mass of 5.54 g. Does this data support the law of multiple proportion?

2. Order the five main characters from the first story from earliest to latest: Boyle, Dalton, Democritus, Lavoisier, and Proust.

3. A train travels 35 km in 1 hour. How long will it take to 94.5 km?

4. San Francisco is 384 miles away. A train leaves Los Angeles and travels 88 km in one hour. How long is the train ride if 1 mile = 1.6 km?

5. A train leaves Los Angeles and heads east to Washington D.C. The train travels 55 km in one hour. Hoover Dam is 280 miles away. When will the train reach Hoover Dam?

Page 27: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda October 2, 2013 (E)1. Review and finish the “The Story of Atom”, the

sequel to “The Story of Chemistry”• Discovery of the Nucleus and the Proton

2. Atomic Number and Mass Number• Calculating number of protons and neutrons• Discovery of Neutron• What are isotopes?• Discovery of isotopes

HOMEWORK1. Worksheet2. Section Review 3.2

Page 28: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Warm-Up October 4, 2013 (E)1. Draw and label Thomson’s experimental setup.2. Milikan is important because he calculated…3. What two forces was Milikan trying to balance?4. Rutherford concluded that atoms have a dense and

positively charged nucleus. Explain why the nucleus is dense and positively charged.

5. A football field is 100 yards in distance. Usain Bolt runs 200 meters in 19.66 seconds. How many seconds will it take him to run the length of a football field? 1 meter = 1.09 yards

Page 29: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Agenda October 3, 2013 (E)1. Atomic Number and Mass Number• Calculating number of protons and neutrons• Discovery of Neutron• What are isotopes?• Discovery of isotopes

2. Counting Atoms• Mole• Converting grams to mole• Converting grams to mole to number of atoms

HOMEWORK1. Make index cards for: • The 3 laws• Democritus, Boyle, Dalton, Proust, Lavoisier• Thomson, Milikan, Rutherford

Page 30: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)
Page 31: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

How is Accuracy different from Precision?

Accuracy is how close the data is to the actual recorded number or measurement. Precision is how close the data are to one another. For example, 2.67g, 2,59g, 2.60g, and 2.64g are precise but not accurate because it is not close to the actual mass of 3.45.

Page 32: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Differentiate between Law and Theory

Both theory and a law are part of the scientific method, but a theory describes WHY something happens; why something is the way it is, why it works in a certain way. A law describes WHAT/HOW something happens. For example, “ice always floats on water” is a law because it states WHAT. If you say “ice floats on water because it’s density is less than the density of water,” then you are stating a theory because you are describing why something happens.

Page 33: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Differentiate between Pure Substance and Homogeneous Mixture

A pure substance can either be a compound or an element. An element is made up of one type of atom. A compound is made up of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically joined. A homogeneous mixture is physically mixed. It is a mixture that is evenly distributed. An example of a pure substance can be gold or water. An example of a homogeneous mixture can be like a chocolate bar or food coloring in water.

Page 34: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Differentiate between Mass and Weight

Mass is the amount of “stuff” in something and weight is the amount of gravitational pull exerted by the thing. If you were to go on the moon, your weight would change but your mass would not.

Page 35: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Accuracy vs. Precision

The measured masses are examples of precision because when compared to the mass of 3.45, none of them are accurate or close to the number. They are a cluster of numbers that aren’t near the actual number. An accurate answer would be 3.44 g, 3.46 g, and 3.43 g.

Page 36: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

How we know what we know about the Atom

OBJECTIVE: Understand the development of how the idea of an “atom” came about

Page 37: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of ChemistryA. Greek Beginnings

Page 38: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Page 39: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

In order to understand WHY we know and HOW we know this is what an atom looks like, we need to learn about the story of the atom.

Page 40: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Early human civilizations organized “stuff” into four categories: Earth, Air, Fire, Water

1. The Story of Chemistry

Page 41: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Page 42: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

The first known writing that has the word “ATOM” is from Greece.

It was written around 400 B.C. by a philosopher named Democritus, Δημόκριτος

Page 43: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Democritus’ idea was…

Everything that exists is made up of this “thing” that cannot be broken, separated, or divided into something smaller.

Page 44: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Democritus’ idea was…

Everything that exists is made up of this “thing” that cannot be broken, separated, or divided into something smaller.

He called that “thing” an ATOM.

Page 45: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

ATOM = a Greek word

Page 46: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

ATOM = a Greek word

Temnein = to cut or divide

A = prefix meaning not

Page 47: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

ATOM = a Greek word

Temnein = to cut or divide

A = prefix meaning not

a + temnein =

Page 48: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

ATOM = a Greek word

Temnein = to cut or divide

A = prefix meaning not

a + temnein = unable to cut

Page 49: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Democritus’ idea was…

Everything that exists is made up of this “thing” that cannot be broken, separated, or divided into something smaller.

He called that “thing” an ATOM.

Page 50: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Democritus’ idea of the atom is…

An observation?A hypothesis?

An experiment?A law?

A theory?

Page 51: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Democritus’ idea of the atom is…

A hypothesis because his idea could not be tested.

Page 52: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

IMPORTANT!!!

Democritus’ idea of atom =/=

Page 53: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of ChemistryB. Foundational Ideas

1. Democritus2. Alchemists during the Middle Ages –

wanted to convert one element to another.

Page 54: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

1. Democritus2. Alchemists during the Middle Ages –

wanted to convert one element to another.

3. 16th and 17th century; 1500’s – 1600’s

Page 55: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

3. 16th and 17th century; 1500’s – 1600’s

Robert Boyle – worked with gases, and looked at pressure and volume.

Robert Boyle is important because came up with the idea that some things CANNOT be further separated.

Page 56: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

3. 16th and 17th century; 1500’s – 1600’s

Robert Boyle – worked with gases, and looked at pressure and volume.

Robert Boyle is important because he came up with the idea, the concept, of an ELEMENT.

Page 57: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

3. 16th and 17th century; 1500’s – 1600’s

Robert Boyle is important because he came up with the idea, the concept, of an ELEMENT.

Now that we knew about ELEMENTS, people began to identify many things as elements, largely elements.

Page 58: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Joseph Priestly – O2, Combustion, CO2

Page 59: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Antoine Lavoisier

Page 60: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Antoine Lavoisier – Refined Priestly’s understanding of combustion as involiving carbon-based substance plus oxygen results in CO2 and H2O.

Page 61: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Antoine Lavoisier – MORE IMPORTANT than that =

Page 62: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Antoine Lavoisier – MORE IMPORTANT than that =

something cannot be made from nothing

Page 63: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Antoine Lavoisier – MORE IMPORTANT than that =

something cannot be made from nothing, and

something cannot become nothing.

Page 64: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Antoine Lavoisier – saw that when a chemical change takes place, the mass does not change.

Page 65: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Antoine Lavoisier – saw that when a chemical change takes place, the mass does not change.

So he concluded, mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical or physical change.

Page 66: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

“mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical or physical change.”

Is this an observation? Is this a hypothesis?

Is this an experiment?Is this a law?

Is this a theory?

Page 67: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

“mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical or physical change.”

It is a law because it is a statement about WHAT nature does.

Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter

Page 68: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Antoine Lavoisier is important because he showed that mass/matter cannot be created or destoyed.

Page 69: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Joseph Proust -

Page 70: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Joseph Proust – glucose is the same, C6H12O6, and it doesn’t matter it if is from grapes, honey, oranges, or apples because glucose will ALWAYS have 6 C, 12 H, and O6.

Or, to summarize this in your notes…

Page 71: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Joseph Proust – Joseph Proust – a compound always contains the same elements, and exactly the same amount in mass.

Example Glucose will always be made up of

C6H12O6H2O will always be made up of 2 H and 1

O

Page 72: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Joseph Proust – a compound always contains the same elements, and exactly the same amount in mass. Example H2O will always be made up of 2 H and 1 O

Which part of the S.M. does this belong?

Page 73: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

Joseph Proust – a compound always contains the same elements, and exactly the same amount in mass. Example H2O will always be made up of 2 H and 1 O

Which part of the S.M. does this belong?

It is a law.

Law of Definite Proportions

Page 74: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry4. 18th century; 1700’s

John Dalton

Page 75: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 133B 266

Page 76: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.0839

Page 77: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.0839B 0.1678

Page 78: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.0839B 0.1678C 0.2520

Page 79: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.0839B 0.1678C 0.2520D

Page 80: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.0839B 0.1678C 0.2520D 0.336

Page 81: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.59B 1.18

Page 82: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.59B 1.18C

Page 83: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.59B 1.18C 1.77D

Page 84: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.59B 1.18C 1.77D 2.36

Page 85: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.59B 1.18C 1.77D 2.36E

F

Page 86: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

Compound Mass of Element(g)

A 0.59B 1.18C 1.77D 2.36E 2.96F 3.54

Page 87: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

John Dalton

Law of Multiple Proportion – when elements form two or more compounds, the mass of one element that combines with a mass of the other is in the ration of small whole numbers.

Page 88: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)
Page 89: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

John Dalton

Proposed a theory that all matter is made up of indivisible things called ATOMs.

Page 90: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)
Page 91: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

John Dalton

Proposed a theory that all matter is made up of indivisible things called ATOMs.

We call this theory,

THE ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER

Page 92: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of Chemistry

John Dalton

Proposed a theory that all matter is made up of indivisible things called ATOMs.

We call this theory,

THE ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER

How is a law different from a theory?

Page 93: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of ChemistryDalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter

1. All matter is composed of extremely small particles called ATOMs, which cannot be subdivided

2. Atoms of a given element (compound) are identical in their physical and chemical properties, does not matter where they are from.

3. Atoms of the same elements are identical, and different elements have different types of atoms

4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple, whole- number ratios to form compounds

5. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged but never created, destroyed, or changed

Page 94: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of ChemistryDalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter

1. All matter is composed of extremely small particles called ATOMs, which cannot be subdivided - DEMOCRITUS

2. Atoms of a given element are identical in their physical and chemical properties – LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS

3. Atoms of the same elements are identical, and different elements have different types of atoms – BOYLE

4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple, whole- number ratios to form compounds – LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS

5. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged but never created, destroyed, or changed – LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

Page 95: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The Story of ChemistryQUICKWRITE

1. Democritus is important because………

2. Robert Boyle is important because…

3. Law of Conservation of Mass means…

4. Law of Definite Proportions means…

Page 96: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)
Page 97: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

When a log completely burns in a campfire, the mass of the ass is much less than the mass of the log. What happened to the “missing” mass?

The question above is related to which of the three laws?

H and O can react to form either H2O or H2O2. In H2O, the mass of H is 0.125 g. In H2O2, the mass of H is 0.250 g. If the masses of H are set as a proportion, it is equal to…This is related to which of the three laws?

Page 98: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

QUICKWRITE

1. The purpose of the Lego Activity was…

2. How did the Lego activity help you to better understand the laws?

Page 99: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

The Sequel: The Story of How we know what an atoms looks

like

OBJECTIVE: To be able to state how we went from a theory of atom, to actually

knowing what an atom looks like

Page 100: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

Atom made up of smaller parts

These parts are called: SUBATOMIC Particles

Page 101: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

Atom made up of smaller parts

These parts are called: SUBATOMIC Particles

Three types of SUBATOMIC Particles

1. Proton2. Neutron3. Electron

Page 102: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

1. Proton

- Has a POSITIVE charge- Mass is similar to that of a Neutron- Located in the nucleus

Page 103: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

2. Neutron

- Has NO charge- Has the largest mass of the three- Located in the nucleus

Page 104: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

3. Electron

- Has a NEGATIVE charge- Is the smallest of the three subatomic particles- Has the least amount of mass of the subatomic

particles- NOT in the nucleus

Page 105: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

Page 106: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Write these questions on your warmup paper , and answer while watching the video. Label “Video

on Atoms”1. If the atoms of a grapefruit are the size of a

blueberry, then how big would the grapefruit be?

2. If an atom is the size of a football stadium, the nucleus is the size of a ______.

3. What is in between the nucleus and the electrons?

4. _____ many cars packed into a box would equal the density of the nucleus of one Nitrogen atom

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An Atom looks like…

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Dalton’s atom looked like

this

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Dalton’s atom looked likethis

What’s missing in this picture?

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So how did we get

from to

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J.J. Thomson

How does a person discover a particle so small that no one has seen?

Discovered Electron in 1897

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2. The Story of AtomHow JJ Thomson discovered the Electron

In the 1850’s, a scientist created a CATHODE RAY TUBE.

Page 115: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of AtomHow JJ Thomson discovered the Electron

In the 1850’s, a scientist created a CATHODE RAY TUBE.

Metal plates were placed inside a glass tube.

Page 116: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of AtomHow JJ Thomson discovered the Electron

In the 1850’s, a scientist created a CATHODE RAY TUBE.

Metal plates were placed inside a glass tube.

The air was then removed.

Page 117: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of AtomHow JJ Thomson discovered the Electron

In the 1850’s, a scientist created a CATHODE RAY TUBE.

Metal plates were placed inside a glass tube.

The air was then removed.

Then the metal plates were connectedto a power source.

Page 118: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of AtomHow JJ Thomson discovered the Electron

In the 1850’s, a scientist created a CATHODE RAY TUBE.

Metal plates were placed inside a glass tube.

The air was then removed.

Then the metal plates were connectedto a power source.

This resulted in a beam of light thatstarted from the cathode (-) and went to the anode (+)

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2. The Story of AtomHow JJ Thomson discovered the Electron

Because these beams started from the cathode (-), scientists called the beam a CATHODE RAY

Page 120: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of AtomHow JJ Thomson discovered the Electron

Because these beams started from the cathode (-), scientists called the beam a CATHODE RAY

But what are these CATHODE RAYs made of?

Page 121: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of AtomHow JJ Thomson discovered the Electron

Because these beams started from the cathode (-), scientists called the beam a CATHODE RAY

But what are these CATHODE RAYs made of?

Thomson was trying to answerthis question.

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J.J. Thomson’s Experiment

normal

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J.J. Thomson’s Experiment

normal with magnet

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Thomson’s Conclusions

0 Cathode rays must be made of stuff that is NEGATIVELY charged

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Thomson’s Conclusions

0 Cathode rays must be made of stuff that is NEGATIVELY charged

0 Particles that make up cathode rays are 1000 times smaller than a Hydrogen atom

Page 126: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Thomson’s Conclusions

0 Cathode rays must be made of stuff that is NEGATIVELY charged

0 Particles that make up cathode rays are 1000 times smaller than a Hydrogen atom

0 All different metals give off cathode rays

Page 127: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Thomson’s Conclusions0 Cathode rays must be made of stuff that is NEGATIVELY

charged

0 Particles that make up cathode rays are 1000 times smaller than a Hydrogen atom

0 All different metals give off cathode rays

0 1.72 x 108 Coulombs for every one gram of the negatively charged particles.

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1. The name of the device Thomson used to discover the electron was the….

2. Thomson applied an __________ and magnetic field to the cathode ray tube.

3. Thomson concluded that the cathode ray has negatively charged particles because….

4. What other food items besides a muffin or mint ice cream are similar to Thomson’s model of the atom?

Page 131: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The name of the device Thomson used to discover the electron was the CATHODE RAY TUBE

2. Thomson applied an __________ and magnetic field to the cathode ray tube.

3. Thomson concluded that the cathode ray has negatively charged particles because….

4. What other food items besides a muffin or mint ice cream are similar to Thomson’s model of the atom?

Page 132: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The name of the device Thomson used to discover the electron was the CATHODE RAY TUBE

2. Thomson applied an ELECTRIC and magnetic field to the cathode ray tube.

3. Thomson concluded that the cathode ray has negatively charged particles because….

4. What other food items besides a muffin or mint ice cream are similar to Thomson’s model of the atom?

Page 133: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

1. The name of the device Thomson used to discover the electron was the CATHODE RAY TUBE

2. Thomson applied an ELECTRIC and magnetic field to the cathode ray tube.

3. Thomson concluded that the cathode ray has negatively charged particles because the ray was attracted to the positively charged plate.

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2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan calculated the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

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2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan calculated the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

Purpose: to calculate charge of ONE electron

Discovered charge of 1 electron = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs

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2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan discovered the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

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2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan discovered the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

- Sprayed droplets of oil

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2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan discovered the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

- Sprayed droplets of oil- Used x-rays to negatively charge oil drops

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2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan discovered the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

- Sprayed droplets of oil- Used x-rays to negatively charge oil drops- Used charged plates to “suspend” oil drops

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2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan discovered the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

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2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan discovered the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

Discovered charge of 1 electron = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs

If we know from Thomson’s experiment that electrons have a charge to mass ratio of 1.76 x 108 Coulombs per gram of

electrons, what is the mass of one electron?

Page 145: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan discovered the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

Discovered charge of 1 electron = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs

If we know from Thomson’s experiment that electrons have a charge to mass ratio of 1.76 x 108 Coulombs per gram of

electrons, what is the mass of one electron?

Mass of one electron = 9.11 x 10-28 grams

Page 146: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan discovered the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

Discovered charge of 1 electron = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs

Page 147: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

How Robert Milikan discovered the charge and mass of 1 electron in 1909

Discovered charge of 1 electron = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs

Mass of one electron = 9.11 x 10-28 grams

Page 148: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Answer on your warmup paper“JJ. Thomson, Millikan and the Electron Review”

1. What tool did Thomson use in his discovery of the electron?2. Draw and label the parts of Thomson’s tools.3. What were Thomson’s three conclusions?4. Explain why Thomson concluded that the particles were

negatively charged. Your answer should state something about opposite charges.

5. Explain why Thomson included a POSITIVE cloud in his model of the atom.

6. What was the purpose of Milikan’s experiment? 7. Draw and label Milikan’s setup8. What two forces did Milikan balance to calculate the charge

of a electron? 9. Charge of one electron = 1.609 x 10-19C. Use data from

Thomson to calculate mass one of electron.

Page 149: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Where is the Nucleus???

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2. The Story of Atom

E. Rutherford and the Nucleus

What would happen you threw a baseball at a plume of smoke?

What would you conclude if the baseball bouncedback to you

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E. Rutherford

Discovered Nucleus in

1911

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2. The Story of AtomHow Rutherford discovered the Nucleus

Was originally researching radiation and Uranium.

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2. The Story of AtomHow Rutherford discovered the Nucleus

Was originally researching radiation and Uranium.

Identified three different types of particles that was “radiating” from Uranium.

Page 155: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of AtomHow Rutherford discovered the Nucleus

Was originally researching radiation and Uranium.

Identified three different types of particles that was “radiating” from Uranium.

One of them was Alpha Particles.

Page 156: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of AtomHow Rutherford discovered the Nucleus

Was originally researching radiation and Uranium.

Identified three different types of particles that was “radiating” from Uranium.

One of them was Alpha Particles.

They were positively charged particlesThat were smaller than an atom.

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2. The Story of AtomHow Rutherford discovered the Nucleus

Alpha Particles = positively charged particles

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2. The Story of AtomHow Rutherford discovered the Nucleus

Alpha Particles = positively charged particles

Alpha Particles = smaller than an atom.

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2. The Story of AtomHow Rutherford discovered the Nucleus

Alpha Particles = positively charged particles

Alpha Particles = smaller than an atom.

Alpha Particles = very dense

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2. The Story of Atom

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Rutherford’s Experiment

setup expected results

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Rutherford’s Experiment

ACTUAL expected results

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Rutherford’s Experiment

ACTUALThese results are

crazy! Why?0 Because it is like throwing a

baseball into a plume of smoke and having it rebound and hit you in the face!

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Rutherford’s Experiment

ACTUALThese results are

crazy! Why?0 Because it is like throwing a

baseball into a plume of smoke and having it rebound and hit you in the face!

0 So Rutherford hypothesized that the atom is NOT like a chocolate chip cookie.

Page 165: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentWHY did Rutherford think an atom is

NOTlike a plum pudding/chocolate chip?

Page 166: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentWHY did Rutherford think an atom is

NOTlike a plum pudding/chocolate chip?

Because that model could not explain his results!

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Rutherford’s ExperimentWHY did Rutherford think an atom is

NOTlike a plum pudding/chocolate chip?

But what about the electrons?

Page 168: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentWHY did Rutherford think an atom is

NOTlike a plum pudding/chocolate chip?

But what about the electrons?

Couldn’t those have made the alpha particles bounce and deflect?

Page 169: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentNO

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Rutherford’s ExperimentNO

Why not?

Think about the washer and hanger demo.

Page 171: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentEven if the marble hit a washer, the

washer does not have enough___________

to deflect the marble

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Rutherford’s ExperimentBecause of Milikan, we know the mass of

1 electron

0.000000000000000000000000000909 g

Page 173: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentBecause of Milikan, we know the mass of

1 electron

0.000000000000000000000000000909 g

9.09 x 10-28 grams

Page 174: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentMass of one alpha particle is

more than 3000 times larger than one 1 electron

Page 175: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentMass of one alpha particle is

more than 3000 times larger than one 1 electron

Page 176: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentRutherford’s Model

1. Atoms have something else besides an electron and empty space.

Page 177: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentRutherford’s Model

1. Atoms have something else besides an electron and empty space.

2. That “something” has to be very dense. Why?

Page 178: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s ExperimentRutherford’s Model

1. Atoms have something else besides an electron and empty space.

2. That “something” has to be very dense. Why?

3. That “something” also has a positive charge. Why?

Page 179: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s Experiment

concluded

Page 180: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

so an atom looks like…

from to

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so an atom looks like…

from to

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so an atom looks like…

from to

Nuclear Model

Page 183: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Rutherford’s Experiment

setup rethought atom’s structure

Page 184: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

Rutherford and the discovery of the Nucleus

1. Draw and label Rutherford’s setup2. What did Rutherford expect to see? 3. Why did he expect those results?4. What did he actually see?5. Explain how his results led him to propose the

existence of a nucleus

Page 185: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

2. The Story of Atom

Rutherford and the discovery of the Nucleus

1. Draw and label Rutherford’s setup.2. What did Rutherford expect to see? Alpha particles

to pass through the “positive cloud”3. What did he actually see? Alpha particles deflecting

off at various angles4. Explain how his results led him to propose the

existence of a nucleus. Rutherford explained that something dense and positive must be at the center to deflect and repel the alpha particles. Just like baseball and plume of smoke

Page 186: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Write these questions on your warm up, then answer it as you watch the video

0The narrator’s name is….0Around the 19th century the people only new about

_____ different elements0Rutherford discovered the nucleus while working in

the city of ______________.0Rutherford wondered about the meaning of his

results for __________0Rutherford and his partner James ___________ later

discovered the _____________ and the _____________0_________ are the agents of change in the universe

Page 187: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

Summary of ExperimentsThomson Milikan Rutherford

Important because…

Write name and draw proposed model of atom

SKIP

Draw and label experimental setup

For Thomson and Rutherford only What did they see?

FOR MILIKAN ONLY:What two forces was he trying to balance?

For Thomson and Rutherford only. EXPLAIN WHY they reached their conclusion.

FOR MILIKAN ONLY:On what does each force depend?

Page 188: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

concluded

Rutherford’s Experiment

Page 189: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

so an atom looks like…

from to

Page 190: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

How to study and work with atoms using numbers

OBJECTIVE: To be able to understand atoms by using quantitative data.

Page 191: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Telling Atoms Apart

Page 192: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Telling Atoms Apart

What makes a gold atom different from a silver atom?

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3. Numbering Atoms

Telling Atoms Apart

What makes a gold atom different from a silver atom?

Answer: the number of subatomic particles

Page 194: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Telling Atoms Apart

The most important number to the IDENTITY

of an atom is

Page 195: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Telling Atoms Apart

The most important number to the IDENTITY

of an atom is

the number of PROTONS

Page 196: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

ATOMIC NUMBER = # of protons

Page 197: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

ATOMIC NUMBER = # of protons

Example:Atom with 2 protons is a Helium atom

Page 198: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

ATOMIC NUMBER = # of protons

Example:Atom with 2 protons is a helium atomAtom with 6 protons is a carbon atom

Page 199: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

ATOMIC NUMBER = # of protons

Each type of atom has its own ATOMIC NUMBER

Page 200: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

ATOMIC NUMBER = # of protons

Each type of atom has its own ATOMIC NUMBER

This number NEVER changes

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3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

ATOMIC NUMBER = # of protons

Atomic number also tells us # of electrons

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3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

ATOMIC NUMBER = # of protons

Atomic number also tells us # of electrons

WHY?

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3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

MASS NUMBER = # of protons AND neutrons

Mass number =/= Mass of element

Page 204: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

MASS NUMBER = # of protons AND neutrons

Mass number =/= Mass of element

Mass Number- Atomic Number

Number of Neutrons

Page 205: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.1. How many protons is a copper atom?

Page 206: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

1. How many protons is a copper atom?1. Atomic Number = Number of protons

Page 207: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

1. How many protons is a copper atom?1. Atomic Number = Number of protons2. So answer = 29

Page 208: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

2. How many electrons in a copper atom?

Page 209: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

2. How many electrons in a copper atom?1. Atomic Number = Number of protons

Page 210: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

2. How many electrons in a copper atom?1. Atomic Number = Number of protons2. Atoms are neutral, so number of protons = number of electrons

Page 211: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

2. How many electrons in a copper atom?1. Atomic Number = Number of protons2. Atoms are neutral, so number of protons = number of electrons3. So answer = 29

Page 212: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

3. How many neutrons in this copper atom?1. Mass Number – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons

Page 213: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

3. How many neutrons in this copper atom?1. Mass Number – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons2. Mass Number = 64, and Atomic Number = 29

Page 214: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

3. How many neutrons in this copper atom?1. Mass Number – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons2. Mass Number = 64, and Atomic Number = 293. 64-29 = 35 Neutrons

Page 215: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.

3. How many neutrons in this copper atom?1. Mass Number – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons2. Mass Number = 64, and Atomic Number = 293. 64-29 = 35 Neutrons

Page 216: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.1. How many protons in a copper atom?

1. Atomic Number = Number of protons2. So answer = 29

2. How many electrons in a copper atom?1. Atomic Number = Number of protons2. Atoms are neutral, so number of protons = number of electrons3. So answer = 29

3. How many neutrons in this copper atom?1. Mass Number – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons2. Mass Number = 64, and Atomic Number = 293. 64-29 = 35 Neutrons

Page 217: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsPractice using Atomic and Mass Numbers

Copper’s atomic number is 29, and the mass number is 64.1. How many protons in a copper atom?

1. Atomic Number = Number of protons2. So answer = 29

2. How many electrons in a copper atom?1. Atomic Number = Number of protons2. Atoms are neutral, so number of protons = number of electrons3. So answer = 29

3. How many neutrons in this copper atom?1. Mass Number – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons2. Mass Number = 64, and Atomic Number = 293. 64-29 = 35 Neutrons

Page 218: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Atomic Symbol

Atomic Number

Mass Number

Number of Protons

Number of Neutrons

Number of Electrons

11 5

O 16

7 8

Pb 122

Page 219: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Atomic Symbol

Atomic Number

Mass Number

Number of Protons

Number of Neutrons

Number of Electrons

B 5 11 5 6 5

O 8 16 8 8 8

N 7 15 7 8 7

Pb 82 204 82 122 82

Page 220: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Page 221: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Atoms of the SAME element can have different number of NEUTRONS.

Page 222: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Atoms of the SAME element can have different number of NEUTRONS.

These types of atoms are called ISOTOPES

Page 223: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Atoms of the SAME element can have different number of NEUTRONS.

These types of atoms are called ISOTOPES

Iso = sameTope = place

Page 224: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Atoms of the SAME element can have different number of NEUTRONS.

These types of atoms are called ISOTOPES

Iso = sameTope = place

Page 225: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Atoms of the SAME element can have different number of NEUTRONS.

These types of atoms are called ISOTOPES

Iso = sameTope = place

Page 226: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomTelling Atoms Apart

ISOTOPES

Page 227: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomTelling Atoms Apart

Different atoms can have the same MASS NUMBER.

Page 228: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Draw models of the nuclei of two isotopes: carbon-12carbon-13

Page 229: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomTelling Atoms Apart

Different atoms can have the same MASS NUMBER.

Page 230: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomTelling Atoms Apart

Different atoms can have the same MASS NUMBER

They CANNOT have the same ATOMIC NUMBER

Page 231: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Different atoms can have the same MASS NUMBER

They CANNOT have the same ATOMIC NUMBER

EX: CopperAtomic Number = 29Neutrons = 29 or 36

Page 232: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Different atoms can have the same MASS NUMBER

They CANNOT have the same ATOMIC NUMBER

EX: CopperAtomic Number = 29Neutrons = 29 or 36Mass Number = 58 or 65

Page 233: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Different atoms can have the same MASS NUMBER

They CANNOT have the same ATOMIC NUMBER

EX: Copper ZincAtomic Number = 29 Atomic Number = 30Neutrons = 29 or 36Mass Number = 58 or 65

Page 234: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Different atoms can have the same MASS NUMBER

They CANNOT have the same ATOMIC NUMBER

EX: Copper ZincAtomic Number = 29 Atomic Number = 30Neutrons = 29 or 36 Neutrons = 30 or 35Mass Number = 58 or 65

Page 235: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering AtomsTelling Atoms Apart

Different atoms can have the same MASS NUMBER

They CANNOT have the same ATOMIC NUMBER

EX: Copper ZincAtomic Number = 29 Atomic Number = 30Neutrons = 29 or 36 Neutrons = 30 or 35Mass Number = 58 or 65 Mass Number = 60 or 65

Page 236: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Scientific Notation

3.0 x 108 meter per second

0.000000000000000000000000000909 g

Page 237: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms + Mole

Page 238: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

How many donuts in one dozen?

Page 239: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

How many donuts in one dozen? How many flowers in one dozen?

Page 240: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

How many donuts in one dozen? How many flowers in one dozen?

How many eggs in one dozen?

Page 241: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

How many donuts in one dozen? How many flowers in one dozen?

How many eggs in one dozen?

Does it matter?

Page 242: Warm-UpSeptember 13, 2013 (ODD)

3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Dozen = unit of measurement

Mole is also a unit of measurement

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Just like 1 dozen = 121 mole = 6.02 x 1023

602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

1 mole = 6.02 x 1023

1 mole of donuts = 602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 donuts

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

1 mole = 6.02 x 1023

1 mole of donuts = 602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 donuts

1 mole of flowers = 602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 flowers

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

1 mole = 6.02 x 1023

We use MOLE to count number of atoms

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

1 mole = 6.02 x 1023

Example: 1 mole of Copper atoms = 602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 atoms

6.02 x 1023 copper atoms

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

6.02 x 1023 = Avogadro’s Number

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

6.02 x 1023 = Avogadro’s Number

C.F. 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 atoms

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3. Numbering Atoms

C.F. 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023

1. Convert 3.27 moles of Fe into number of atoms.

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

How do we get moles?

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

How do we get moles?

We get moles from MOLAR MASS

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Where do we get Molar Mass?

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Where do we get Molar Mass?

We get Molar Mass from Atomic Mass

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Where do we get Atomic Mass?

We get Molar Mass from Atomic Mass

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Where do we get Atomic Mass?

We get Atomic Mass from Periodic Table

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Atomic Mass = Molar Mass = 1 Molein AMU in grams

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Atomic Mass = Molar Mass = 1 Molein AMU in grams

Example:Carbon: Atomic mass = 12.01 AMU

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Atomic Mass = Molar Mass = 1 Molein AMU in grams

Example:Carbon: Atomic mass = 12.01 AMU

so Molar Mass = 12. 01 g

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3. Numbering Atoms

Counting Atoms

Atomic Mass = Molar Mass = 1 Molein AMU in grams

Example:Carbon: Atomic mass = 12.01 AMU

so Molar Mass = 12. 01 gso 12.01 g of Carbon = 1 mole of Carbon