Warm-upWarm-upReviewReview

1.1. Explain how the Mayans used terrace farming?Explain how the Mayans used terrace farming?

2.2. Using the Mayan numbering system figure out Using the Mayan numbering system figure out the following numbers. (3), (5), (9), (10), (17) the following numbers. (3), (5), (9), (10), (17)

3.3. What type of writing system did the Mayan What type of writing system did the Mayan and the Aztec people use? and the Aztec people use?

4.4. What were the Aztec floating gardens called? What were the Aztec floating gardens called?

5.5. What did the Spaniards unknowingly spread What did the Spaniards unknowingly spread throughout the Aztec empire? throughout the Aztec empire?

Inca: A.R.T. Inca: A.R.T.

Geography: Andes Geography: Andes MountainsMountains

• The Cuzco Valley The Cuzco Valley located in the located in the Andes Mountains Andes Mountains (22,000 feet) South (22,000 feet) South AmericaAmerica

• The Andes The Andes Mountains were Mountains were form by volcanoes form by volcanoes

Inca Architecture= AInca Architecture= A

• The Inca were The Inca were skilled masonry skilled masonry stone workersstone workers

• They precisely cut They precisely cut blocks, with out blocks, with out iron tools, to fit iron tools, to fit together perfectly. together perfectly.

Machu PicchuMachu Picchu

• A royal retreat for A royal retreat for the Inca rulers.the Inca rulers.

• Built amid sacred Built amid sacred mountain peaks.mountain peaks.

• It is an engineering It is an engineering accomplishment – accomplishment – massive stone walls, massive stone walls, steep staircases and steep staircases and level fields.level fields.

Achievement: Inca Roads= Achievement: Inca Roads= RR• They had roads that They had roads that

connected the entire connected the entire vast empire. vast empire.

• Roads stretched from Roads stretched from sea level to 12,000 sea level to 12,000 feet in elevationfeet in elevation

• Official runners would Official runners would carry and relay carry and relay messages within days messages within days across the empireacross the empire

• Inca’s could send a Inca’s could send a message 250 miles in message 250 miles in one dayone day

Official languageOfficial language

• Although people Although people spoke many different spoke many different languages, to unify languages, to unify the empire the Incas the empire the Incas established an official established an official language – language – QuechuaQuechua (Ke-chuch-wuh)(Ke-chuch-wuh)

• All business had to be All business had to be done in this languagedone in this language

T=TerracesT=Terraces

• The Inca built The Inca built terracesterraces into the into the mountains to grow mountains to grow crops.crops.

• The Inca grew The Inca grew potatoes and potatoes and maizemaize

Working the LandWorking the Land

• Vertical EconomyVertical Economy– – raising animals at raising animals at the top of the the top of the mountains and mountains and growing food at the growing food at the bottom of the bottom of the mountain. mountain.

TopRaise the

llamas

BottomGrow all of the crops such as:

beans, squash, and beans

The First Inca’s: ReligionThe First Inca’s: Religion

• PolytheismPolytheism: The : The Inca worshipped Inca worshipped the sun, moon, the sun, moon, animalsanimals

• The Inca made The Inca made beautiful pottery, beautiful pottery, gold, and silver gold, and silver objects objects

The People of the Inca: The People of the Inca: SocietySociety

Hierarchy of Power:Hierarchy of Power:

• KingKing was the military was the military and religious leaderand religious leader

• NoblesNobles were people were people related to the Kingrelated to the King

• CommonersCommoners were not were not Inca blood. People Inca blood. People who had been who had been conquered and had conquered and had little freedom little freedom

KingKing

NoblesNobles

Commoners Commoners

Society: Inca KingsSociety: Inca Kings• Inca’s believed that their kings Inca’s believed that their kings never really dienever really die

• The bodies of Inca Kings were preserved as The bodies of Inca Kings were preserved as mummies.mummies.

• Mummies were dressed in fine cloth and Mummies were dressed in fine cloth and decorated with jewelry. decorated with jewelry.

• Mummies were given food and drinks and Mummies were given food and drinks and placed close together so they could visit each placed close together so they could visit each other other

• Many Inca mummies are still preserved todayMany Inca mummies are still preserved today

Pictures of MummiesPictures of Mummies

EconomyEconomy• Instead of paying taxes Inca had to Instead of paying taxes Inca had to

work for the government (called work for the government (called mitamita).).

•There were no merchants or markets. There were no merchants or markets. Goods that were produced from the Goods that were produced from the mitamita would be distributed to the would be distributed to the people.people.

•Mita jobs were farming, making cloth Mita jobs were farming, making cloth and building roads and bridges.and building roads and bridges.

Other Inca Achievements Other Inca Achievements

• City of CuzcoCity of Cuzco — —built in the shape built in the shape of a puma wild catof a puma wild cat

• Suspension bridgeSuspension bridge - hangs from ropes - hangs from ropes and cables and cables

• No written No written language – Official language – Official storytellers passed storytellers passed Inca history orallyInca history orally

Decline: Francisco Pizarro Decline: Francisco Pizarro ConquersConquers

• AtahualpaAtahualpa (the king (the king of the Inca empire) of the Inca empire) heard of the arrival heard of the arrival of the Spaniards and of the Spaniards and agreed to meet with agreed to meet with them.them.

• After Atahualpa After Atahualpa denied to convert to denied to convert to Christianity, Pizarro Christianity, Pizarro captured him and captured him and killed thousand of killed thousand of Inca soldiers.Inca soldiers.

The Spaniards AttackThe Spaniards Attack

• To win his freedom back Atahualpa To win his freedom back Atahualpa gave Pizarro a room filled with gold gave Pizarro a room filled with gold and silver (approximately 24 tons)and silver (approximately 24 tons)

• The Spaniards killed him anyway.The Spaniards killed him anyway.

• Like the Aztecs, the Inca were Like the Aztecs, the Inca were weakened by disease and the weakened by disease and the Spaniards had superior weapons.Spaniards had superior weapons.

• By 1537, the Spaniards had By 1537, the Spaniards had controlled the entire regioncontrolled the entire region

Montage ClipMontage Clip

• http://172.26.64.6/SAFARI/montage/http://172.26.64.6/SAFARI/montage/play.php?play.php?keyindex=2774&chapterskeyindex=keyindex=2774&chapterskeyindex=1437&keyconceptskeyindex=-1437&keyconceptskeyindex=-1&sceneclipskeyindex=-1&sceneclipskeyindex=-1&location=local1&location=local