WARM-UP:WARM-UP:

WHAT ARE SOME WHAT ARE SOME PARTS OF A TRAIN? PARTS OF A TRAIN?

HOW DO THESE PARTS HOW DO THESE PARTS WORK TOGETHER TO WORK TOGETHER TO CREATE ONE UNIT?CREATE ONE UNIT?

http://www.cteonline.org/portal/default/Curriculum/Viewer/Curriculum?action=2&cmobjid=178206&view=viewer&refcmobjid=177862

Introduction to Introduction to Veterinary Veterinary Medical Medical

TerminologyTerminologyBuilding Blocks of WordsBuilding Blocks of Words

It’s all Greek to me! Some may say that veterinarians

speak Greek, they are right! Most terms used in veterinary

medicine are based on Latin or Latin or GreekGreek.

Latin is the universal language of medicine and the Greeks were the founders of modern medicine.

The Linking PartsThe Linking Parts

The key to learning terminology is to break down each word into parts and

learn the most common roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combing

forms.

Word Structure

Root WordRoot Word Combining Form PrefixPrefix Suffix

Root Word This word part usually indicates the involved body part. Acts as the foundation of most medical terms. There can be more than one in a word (“compound word”).

• Root words are like box cars, carrying cargo on a train.• Without the box cars, together with the engine there is

not a complete train.

Compound Words

Rootword 1 + CV + Rootword 2+ Suffix New word

Heart + worm Heartworm

Medi + “o” + later + -al Mediolateral

Crani + “o” + caud/al + -al Craniocaudal

Dors + “o” + palm +-ar Dorsopalmar

Word Structure

Root Word Combining FormCombining Form Prefix Suffix

Word Structure: Combining Form

Vowel commonly used: “o” General Rule 1: If the suffix starts with a

consonant, connect the rootword and the suffix with the vowel “o”.

Example 1:

Root Word + CV Suffix New word

Cardi+ -oo- -llogyCardioology

“Heart” study of Study of the heart

Word Structure: Combining Vowel

General Rule 2: If the suffix starts with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) DO NOT USE the vowel “o”.

Just attach the suffix to the root word.Example 2:

Root Word + Suffix New word

Hepat/o -osisosis Hepatosis liver -disease process - disease process

in the liver

Word Structure: Combining Vowel

General Rule 3: If the suffix begins with the same vowel as the root word, DO NOT repeat the vowel.

Example 3:

Root Word + Suffix New word

Cardii -iitis Cardiitis heart -inflammation of - inflammation of

the heart

Word Structure

Root Word Combining Vowel PrefixPrefix Suffix

Prefix

Alone they have some meaning, but they are not complete words without the rest of the word parts.

Usually indicates location, time, number, or status. This always comes at the beginning of word.

•They are like the train’s engine, it leads the train and announces the coming train.

Prefix

Example:Prefix + Root Word New

word

brady + cardi/a bradycardia

“slow” “heart” slow heart (rate)

Exercise on Prefixes1. ________ biotic

(against life)

2. ________ thermia (high temperature)

3. ________ horn (remove the horn)

a-, an- (without or not a-, an- (without or not having)having)

anti - (against)anti - (against) brady- (slow)brady- (slow) contra- (against, contra- (against,

opposed)opposed) de- (remove, take away, de- (remove, take away,

loss of)loss of) dys- (difficult, troubled)dys- (difficult, troubled) pyo - (pus)pyo - (pus) hyper- (high)hyper- (high)

Word Structure

Root Word Combining Form Prefix SuffixSuffix

Suffix

Written AFTER a root word to form a new word.

Follows root word altering the words meaning. Determines if word is a noun, adjective or

other type of word.

•Like a caboose, on a train, it is always comes at the end of a word.

Word Structure: Suffix

Example:

Root Word + Suffix New word

Tonsil + -itis Tonsilitis-itis = inflammation of

Inflammation of the tonsils

Root Words 1Root Words 1ARTH/O- JointCARDI/O- HeartCHEM/O- Drug; chemicalCEPHAL/O- HeadCERVIC/O- NeckCOL/O- Colon; large intestineCUTANE/O- Skin CYAN/O- BlueCYST/O- Urinary; Sac of fluidDENT/I- Tooth DERMA/A- Skin

Root Words 2Root Words 2ELECTR/O- ElectricityENCEPHAL/O- BrainENTER/O- IntestinesERYTHR/O- RedGASTR/O- Stomach GER/O- Old AgeGINGIV/A- GumsGLUC/O- SweetnessGLYC/O- SugarHEM/O- Blood HEPAT/O- Liver

Root Word 3Root Word 3HIST/O- TissueHYSTER/O- Uterus LACT/O- MilkLIP/O- FatLAPAR/O- Abdominal wall; abdomenLEUK/O- WhiteMACR/O- LargeMAST- BreastMELAN/O- BlackMICR/O- SmallMONO- One

Root Words 4Root Words 4MY/O- MuscleNAS/O- NoseNECR/O- DeathNEO- NewNEPHR/O- KidneyONC/O- Swelling or MassOPT/O- Eye; vision OSTE/O- BoneOT/O- EarOVARI/O- Ovary

Root Words 5Root Words 5OT/O- Ear OVARI/O- OvaryPHAG/O- EatingPOD- FootPOLI/O- GrayPULM/O- LungRADI/O- X-Ray; RadioactivityRECT/O- RectumRHIN/O- Nose

Root Words 6Root Words 6

THORAC/O- ChestURIN/O- UrinaryUTER/O- UterusVULV/O- Vagina

Prefixes 1Prefixes 1A- or AN- no; not; without

ANA- up; apart

AB- away from

AD- toward

ANTI- against

BRADY- Slow

CO- Work Together

DI- Two; Twice

DYS- bad: painful: difficult: abnormal

EN- Inward

ENDO- in; within

EPI- above; upon; on

EU- good; normal

EXO- out; away from

Prefixes 2Prefixes 2EXTRA- Outside of; in addition to

HEMO- Blood

HOMO- Same; Similar

HYPER- above; excessive

HYPO- deficient; below; under; less than normal

IN- In; inside; within

INTER- between

INTRA- within; into

ISO- same; equal

MEDI- Middle

MULTI- many

NEO- new

OVARI- Ovary

OMNI- All

Prefixes 3Prefixes 3PAN- All

PERI- surrounding

POLY- many; much

POST- after; behind

PRE- before; in front of

PSEUDO- False

RE- Back

SEMI- Half

SUB- under; below

SUPER- above, beyond

TRANS- Across; Through; Beyond

UN- Not; Reversal

UNI- One; singular

Suffix 1Suffix 1

-CYTE Cell

-ECTOMY Removal

-GRAM Record

-GRAPH Instrument for recording

-ITIS Swelling; inflammation

-LOGY Study of

-LYSIS Breakdown, Separate; Cut

-OSIS Condition; usually abnormal

Suffix 2Suffix 2

-PATHY Disease

-PLASTY Surgical Repair

-PNEA Breathing

-RRHAGE Bursting with blood

-SCOPE Instrument for visual examination

-STOMY New opening

-THERAPY Treatment

-TOMY Process of cutting

You will receive several cards. Some will be meanings some will be prefixes, roots and/or suffixes.

1- 1- Find the match for each word.

2-2- For each match, determine if it is a prefix, root word or suffix.

3-3-Place the cards on the appropriate marker in the room.

What word is the most What word is the most challenging for you to challenging for you to

remember?remember?

On a sheet of colored paper, create a picture, story or interesting way to remember the meaning of this challenging word.

Review: Word Structure

1. Where can you find a prefix in a word?2. What is a Root Word?3. Create a compound word.4. Where can you find a suffix in a word?5. What is the most commonly used vowel?

a. If first letter of suffix = consonant?b. If first letter of suffix is = vowel?c. If first letter of suffix = last letter of RW?

Next slides are printablesNext slides are printables

A- or AN- no; not; without

AB- away from

AD- toward

ANTI- against

BRADY- Slow

DYS- Bad; painful; difficult; abnormal

ENDO- in; within

EPI- above; upon; on

EU- good; normal

EXO- out; away from

HYPER- above; excessive

HYPO- deficient; below; under; less than normal

INTER- between

INTRA- within; into

ISO- same; equal

MULTI- many

NEO- new

PAN- all

PERI- surrounding

POLY- many; much

POST- after; behind

PRE- before; in front of

SUB- under; below

SUPER- above, beyond

UNI- uni

ARTH/O- Joint

CARDI/O- Heart

CHEM/O- Drug; chemical

CEPHAL/O- head

COL/O- Colon; large intestine

CUTANE/O- Skin

CYST/O- Urinary; Sac of fluid

DENT/I- Tooth

ELECTR/O- Electricity

ENTER/O- Intestines (usually small intestines)

GASTR/O- Stomach

HEM/O- Blood

HEPAT/O- Liver

HYSTER/O- Uterus

LAPAR/O- Abdominal wall; abdomen

MAST- Breast

NAS/O- Nose

NEPHR/O- Kidney

OPT/O- Eye; vision

OSTE/O- Bone

OT/O- Ear

OVARI/O- Ovary

RADI/O- X-Ray; Radioactivity

RECT/O- Rectum

RHIN/O- Nose

URIN/O- Urinary

UTER/O- Uterus

-CYTE Cell

-ECTOMY Removal

-GRAM Record

-GRAPH Instrument for recording

-ITIS Swelling; inflammation

-LOGY Study of

-LYSIS Breakdown, Separate; Cut

-OSIS Condition; usually abnormal

-PATHY Disease

-PLASTY Surgical Repair

-PNEA Breathing

-RRHAGE Bursting with blood

-SCOPE Instrument for visual examination

-STOMY New opening

-THERAPY Treatment

-TOMY Process of cutting

TerminologyTerminologyDay 2Day 2

Game Rotations (Play for 25 Min each and rotate):

*Earn 25% of daily grade for appropriate participation during each

game*

-Memory Match-Pyramid-Guess Who-Dice Game

Create a Word Activity

For each group there are three “dice.” Prefix Rootword Suffix

Each person is to take three rolls of each dice to create three words.

Write out the correct notation, including combining vowels/words and its meaning.

Terminology Terminology Day 3Day 3

Review and QuizReview and Quiz

Begin Directional Begin Directional TerminologyTerminology