WARM UP!

What are some challenges that face leaders making peace agreements at the end of a

war?

Arranging Peace

The War Comes to an End

General John PershingPershing was in charge of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe during WWI He was THE commanding officer.

Meuse-Argonne Offensive: 900,000

Americans participated. It

was the battle that forced Germany to

surrender. The war ended on 11

November, 1918, at 11:00 a.m. The

Allies Win!

America Turns the Tide

The Cost of the WarSoldiers Killed In Millions

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

Russia

Franc

eG.B

.Ita

ly

U.S.A

.

Romania

Soldiers Killed

• A total of 22 million people died as a result of this conflict.

• More than half were civilians

Wilson’s 14 Points

The purpose of the 14 points was to avoid future war by:

• No more secret treaties/alliances • Free trade should be maintained• Reduce Arms (smaller militaries = smaller conflicts)• Break up countries into smaller countries based on

nationality.• Create a League of Nations – a protecting group to

prevent further conflict.

Wilson’s 14 Points

The purpose of the 14 points was to avoid future war by:

• Be soft on the Germans…

Arranging Peace Treaty of Versailles

Great Britain, France, U.S.A. are involved

Britain and France refuse to be soft on Germany.

War Guilt Clause - Germany has to take full responsibility for the war. (pay for everything)$33 Billion!

New National Boundaries

League of Nations Countries involved

promise to promote peace and prevent other countries from aggression.

U.S. Congress never joins Wilson’s own creation!They fear it limits

U.S.A.’s abilities of self-determination

After WWI, the US wanted to be left out ofEuropean affairs. We wanted nothing more

to do with Europe… except trade.