WARM UP

• Wednesday, March 20, 2013

• Which process creates a protein (RNA to protein)?

Bacteria Notes

Objectives

1) Identify the parts of a bacterial cell.

2) Describe real world roles bacteria fill in our environment.

REVIEW: 2 Kingdoms1) Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria)

– Largest bacterial kingdom– Cell walls contain peptidoglycan

2) Archaebacteria (Domain Archae)– “ancient” bacteria– Live in extreme environments

•ALL bacteria = PROKARYOTIC– Simple– No nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Classification: Shapes• Different shapes

1) Bacilli = rod shaped bacteria

2) Cocci = sphere shaped bacteria

3) Spirilla = spiral/corkscrew

shaped bacteria

Classification: Movement• Types movement:

1) Non-motile = do NOT move

2) Motile = move around

a. Flagella = whiplike structure

b. Gliding = secrete a slime

Classification: Grouping• Types grouping:

1) “Diplo” = group of 2

2) “Staphylo” – grapelike clusters

3) “Strepto” - chains

Classification: Cell Wall• Determined by Gram Staining

1) Gram positive = stain purple because have peptidoglycan in cell wall

- Thicker cell wall

- Less pathogenic

- Pathogenic = less likely to cause disease)

2) Gram negative = stain red because lack peptidoglycan in cell wall

- Thinner cell wall

- Generally more pathogenic

Classification: Metabolism• Types:

1) Photoautotrophs = Make own energy- use sunlight & photosynthesis

2) Chemoautotrophs = make own energy

- use CO2 to make energy- do NOT require light

3) Photoheterotrophs = Make own food & consume others- use sunlight & photosynthesis - take in organic materials

4) Chemoheterotrophs = Consume others - take in organic materials

Classification: Energy Release• Types:

1) Obligate aerobes = require constant supply O2 to live Ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis , AKA TB)

Classification: Energy Release• Types:

2) Obligate anaerobes = require absence O2 to live

Ex: Clostridium botulinum (botulism)

3) Facultative anaerobes = can live w/ or w/o O2, but most live w/o

Ex: Escherichia coli (found in gut warm blooded organisms)

Classification: Growth & Reproduction

• Types:1) Binary Fission = mitosis single-celled organism

Classification: Growth & Reproduction

• Types:2) Conjugation = exchange genetic material from 1 bacterial cell to another

Classification: Growth & Reproduction

• Types:3) Endospore Formation = used when growth conditions are unfavorable

• Endospores sit dormant • Conditions improve then reproduce

Importance of Bacteria

• Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen fixation– Take N2 gas from

atmosphere– Convert to ammonia

NH3

• Decomposers

Importance of Bacteria• Human uses:

– Make food such as yogurt & cheese– Breakdown wastes in water (= bioremediation)– Sprayed on oil spills to help break down

hydrocarbons– Live in intestines to help w/ digestion & make

vitamins our bodies can’t make.

Antibiotic Resistance Article

• Read article provided.

• The article has been divided into 4 sections.

• Write a 9-12 word summary for each of these sections.

• Each summary will be worth 1 stamp.

WARM UP

• Thursday, March 21, 2013

• What is a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule?

Objectives

1) Compare and contrast bacteria and viruses

2) Describe how bacteria and viruses have both positive and negative impacts on our lives.

Viral Simulation Lab

• Follow instructions given by teacher.

• Complete class chart.

• Answer questions on provided paper. You may use the back side of the sheet if needed.

Virus vs Bacteria TableCharacteristic Virus Bacteria Both

1. Living

2. Non-Living

3. Need host cell

4. Vaccinations for prevention

5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics

6. Made of prokaryotic cells

7. Can cause disease

8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes

9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB

Virus vs Bacteria TableCharacteristic Virus Bacteria Both

1. Living x

2. Non-Living x

3. Need host cell x

4. Vaccinations for prevention x

5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics x

6. Made of prokaryotic cells x

7. Can cause disease x

8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes x

9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) x

10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB x

Virus vs Bacteria Worksheet