Warm Up: p. 16

1. Who were the Plebeians?2. Who were the Patricians?

3. How does Rome’s government compare to that of Ancient Athens?

The Expansion of Rome

Add Guided notes to p. 17

Roman Army• Roman Army at first

only Patricians.• Rome was sacked, 376

BC: Plebeians added to army.

• Legions=100-5,000 men

The Punic Wars• Rome vs. Carthage• Fought for control over the Mediterranean

The 1st Punic War (264-241 B.C.)

• Fought for control of Sicily

• What is the main military strength of Carthage?

1st Punic War con’t

• Romans captured a Carthaginian ship and used it as a model

• Romans built naval fleet (120 ships)

• Corvus

• Romans eventually gain control of Sicily

…Today?• Does the US have a

strategic interest like the Mediterranean Sea?

• Does the US have a corvus-like military weapon advantage?

The 2nd Punic War (218-201 B.C.)

Hannibal

• Leader of Carthage• Great military leader• Romans hoped to hold Hannibal in

Spain with their ships then attack Carthage itself

• Hannibal had other ideas

Hannibal’s Plan

• Advanced into Italy by land

• Marched across the Alps

• 40,000 soldiers• 37 elephants

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gbPIyCuGTA

• 8,000 horses

Hannibal’s Plan con’t• He marched across the Alps• Only ½ of his men and a few elephants survived

Hannibal in Italy

• Even though he lost half of his men and many animals…Hannibal still was willing to fight

• Fought the Romans at Placentia

• Won!• Continued to win

battles in Italy• Lake Trasimene and

Cannae

• …Solution to stop Carthage?

Hannibal vs. Scipio

• Roman General Scipio

• Scipio defeats Hannibal in North Africa

Results of the 2nd Punic War

• Peace• 1. Spain given to Rome• Carthaginians allowed to

keep original territory in Africa

• Cannot make war with out Roman Permission

• Why wouldn’t the Romans destroy Carthage entirely? Should they have done so?

The 3rd Punic War (149-146 B.C.)

• Carthage destroyed by Romans

• Burned the city• Plowed salt into the soil

Mare Nostrum

• “Our Sea”• Rome becomes

dominant force in the Mediterranean

End of the Punic Wars

• Rome dominates/destroys the legacy of Carthage and becomes basis for European history

• What if Rome has lost? What would be the effect on World History?

• (Counterfactual..)

Roman Soldier Journal Entry Bottom of P.19

• You are a Roman Soldier at the end of the 3rd Punic War. Write a note in your journal describing what you saw/did, what happened to Carthage, and whether or not you think this should have happened to Carthage.