Warm-up: Monday

• Answer the following in complete sentences:• What started WWII?

World War II

Timeline of the War

• Nazi Germany (1933-1945)–a. Adolf Hitler’s rise to power•1. capitalized on feelings of humiliation and resentment of WWI (Treaty of Versailles)•2. promised to build new German Empire (Third Reich)

•3. blamed problems on the Weimar government, communists, and Jews•4. Hitler joined the National Social German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party) and worked his way up to leadership

•1923 – tried to take control of Bavaria, but failed; jailed one year–a. wrote book Mein Kampf (My Fight/Struggle)–b. plan for aggression against other people and countries

–c. began blaming Jews for Germany’s problems

•6. 1933 – Hitler became Prime Minister of Germany

–c. began blaming Jews for Germany’s problems

•6. 1933 – Hitler became Prime Minister of Germany

–b. developed industries and the military•1. massive rearmament•2. eliminated unemployment•3. built autobahn (first freeway)

•4. stockpiled weapons (in violation of Treaty of Versailles, 1919)•5. rationed food, made Germans self-sufficient•6. restored pride to German people

–c. made anti-semitism official policy•1. laws deprived Jews of citizenship and their jobs (Nuremberg Laws)

–d. started “master race” propaganda•1. gave Germans sense of prestige, strength, importance

Major Powers of WWII

• Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan

• Allied Powers: United Kingdom, Soviet Union, United States, France

• Italy – invades Ethiopia in 1935 to start the buildup of an African Empire–a. Ethiopia asks League of Nations

for help, but do not receive it–b. Haile Selassie “It is us today. It

will be you tomorrow.”

• Germany – began military buildup in 1935 against Treaty of Versailles–a. nothing happened, which only

encouraged Hitler

–b. Hitler wanted to regain territory lost after WWI•1. 1936 – sent troops into Rhineland (no response)•2. 1938 – invaded and annexed Austria (no response)

–c. 1938 – Hitler demanded the Sudetenland•1. Germans in Czechoslovakia wanted to be part of Germany again•2. Hitler promised no more territorial demands

–d. Munich Pact – Britain and France adopted a policy of “appeasement”•1. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain wanted to satisfy Hitler’s demands in order to avoid war•2. Chamberlain’s rival Winston Churchill disagreed

Chamberlain and Hitler

–e. 1939 – Hitler demands “Polish Corridor” from Poland•1. Poland refuses; Britain and France prepare for war after realizing appeasement will not work

–f. Nonaggression Pact (1939) – Hitler and Stalin•1. agreement to divide Poland between them but not attack each other

1938• Hitler annexed Austria to Germany

March 1939

• Hitler takes control of parts of Czechoslovakia

August 1939

• Germany and Soviet Union sign Non-aggression Pact (promised not to attack each other)

September 1939• Germany invades Poland• Great Britain and France declare war on

Germany

April 1940• Blitzkrieg attack on Denmark and Norway• Blitzkrieg = “lightning war”, a swift and sudden

attack

May 1940

• Germany attacks Netherlands, Belgium, and France

Battles

• Battle of Paris• 1939- invaded the lowlands

June 1940

• France signs armistice

August 1940• Germans attack the

British air and naval bases – then starts bombing cities, killing civilians.

• The Germans wanted to break British morale so they would surrender.

• How would you respond? Keep Calm and Carry On

Battle of Britain

• from July through September 1940, after the fall of France.

• Video

• The last ones standing are the British - “U.S. please help!!”

• President Roosevelt denounced the aggressors, but the U.S. followed a strict policy of isolationism = remain neutral, do not get involved – yet the U.S. began to supply food, ships, planes, and weapons to Britain.

• If you were a teenager at the time, what would you think?

June 1941• Hitler invades the Soviet Union.

Battles

• Battle of Moscow

• (Operation Barbarossa)

Battle of Stalingrad

• August, 1941• Emerging from secret meetings conducted on

warships off of Newfoundland, Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt unveil the Atlantic Charter. The charter outlines goals concerning "the final destruction of Nazi tyranny," and a pledge to support "the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live."

December 7, 1941• Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Philippines, and

Dutch East Indies• United States enters war• http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5166/

Spring 1942• Japan controls most of Southeast Asia• United States wins battle at Midway = turning

point in war

February 1943

• Germans surrender at Stalingrad = turning point

June 6, 1944

• D-Day• Allied forces land on the beaches of Normandy• Within 3 months, the Allies had landed 2 million

men and 500,000 vehicles.• Allied forces then pushed inland and broke

through German defensive lines

Warm-up: Tuesday

What was the significance of the following dates?

1. September 19392. December 7, 19413. June 6, 1944

June 6th, 1944• American invasion called Operation Overloard• Was supposed to happen 6/5. • D-Day Video

August 1944

• Paris is liberated

March 1945

• Germany is invaded

April 1945• Soviets enter Berlin• Hitler and Mussolini die• Hitler commits suicide.• After the Allied occupation of southern Italy (1943),

the King ordered Mussolini to be arrested in order to sign the armistice. Imprisoned, then liberated by the Germans, Mussolini lived in northern Italy until his capture and execution, on April 28, 1945, along with his mistress, Claretta Petacci, by military forces of the Italian Resistance. Next day, their corpses and those of Mussolini's henchmen were hanged in the Piazzale Loreto, Milan, on public view.

• The corpses of Mussolini, his mistress Claretta Petacci, and his henchmen are hanged in Piazzale Loreto in Milan on public display, April 29, 1945. They had been executed the day before some 50 miles to the north in Mezzegra and were now offered to the people who spat on the corpses and kicked them. They were then hanged by the feet. In medieval Italy it was the custom to hang crooks or embezzlers, by one foot. The fact that Mussolini was hung by two feet suggests the deep level of rage and betrayal felt by the people towards their once beloved "Duce". (credit: National Archives, USA)

May 1945

• Germany surrenders

August 1945• U.S. drops atomic bombs on Japan• Japan surrenders

Journal #2

• Choose 1 of the following to write about. (minimum 5 sentences)

1.Compare and contrast the 3 totalitarian dictators: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini

OR2. Describe the events and conditions in Europe

and Asia that led to WWII.

Warm-up: Wednesday

• Answer the following in complete sentences.• What ended WWII –

1. In Europe?2. In the Pacific?

** Then get out a sheet of paper!!

Wednesday: Video - Hiroshima• Answer the questions in complete sentences in order to get

full credit. Take notes as you watch the video, then develop your written response.

• What was the reasoning behind dropping the atomic bomb?• What were some of the immediate impacts of the bomb?

(impacts on the people, the building, society, etc)• What were some of the long-term impacts of the bomb?• Do you think the U.S. should have dropped the bomb?

Explain.