Warm-UpWarm-Up

• List 5 safety precautions that can List 5 safety precautions that can help reduce the risk of unintentional help reduce the risk of unintentional injuries at homeinjuries at home

Recreation, Water and Recreation, Water and Personal SafetyPersonal Safety

Lesson 28Lesson 28

ObjectivesObjectives

• Identify strategies for preventing accidental Identify strategies for preventing accidental injuries that occur during recreational activitiesinjuries that occur during recreational activities

• Analyze strategies for preventing accidental Analyze strategies for preventing accidental injuries while driving or riding in a carinjuries while driving or riding in a car

• Identify environmental factors that affect the Identify environmental factors that affect the health of individuals, families and communitieshealth of individuals, families and communities

• Demonstrate ways of avoiding and reducing Demonstrate ways of avoiding and reducing threatening situationsthreatening situations

Accidental InjuriesAccidental Injuries• Unintentional injury: an injury resulting from Unintentional injury: an injury resulting from

an unexpected event or accidentan unexpected event or accident• Accident chain: sequence of events that Accident chain: sequence of events that

leads to an unintentional injuryleads to an unintentional injury– Most include 5 steps that are connected, much Most include 5 steps that are connected, much

like the links in a chainlike the links in a chain

Preventing FiresPreventing Fires• Never leave a candle unattendedNever leave a candle unattended• Store matches and lighters out of the reach of Store matches and lighters out of the reach of

childrenchildren• Make sure a person doesn’t fall asleep when Make sure a person doesn’t fall asleep when

smoking (or don’t allow smoking in your house)smoking (or don’t allow smoking in your house)• Keep stoves and ovens cleanKeep stoves and ovens clean• Replace frayed electrical cordsReplace frayed electrical cords• Stock your home with fire safety equipment in Stock your home with fire safety equipment in

case of emergencycase of emergency– Smoke alarm: alarm triggered by the presence of smokeSmoke alarm: alarm triggered by the presence of smoke

• One for each floor of the homeOne for each floor of the home• Test the alarm once a monthTest the alarm once a month• Replace batteries once a yearReplace batteries once a year

– Fire extinguisher: portable device that puts out small Fire extinguisher: portable device that puts out small fires by ejecting fire-extinguishing chemicalsfires by ejecting fire-extinguishing chemicals• Stand away from flames and aim at the source of the fireStand away from flames and aim at the source of the fire• Check equipment periodicallyCheck equipment periodically

– Fire ladder: ladder that can be hung out of a window in Fire ladder: ladder that can be hung out of a window in order to escape from a burning buildingorder to escape from a burning building

Preventing FallsPreventing Falls

• Keep stairways well lit, in good repair and free of Keep stairways well lit, in good repair and free of clutterclutter

• Equip stairways with sturdy handrails and nonskid Equip stairways with sturdy handrails and nonskid stair stripsstair strips

• Keep the floor clean, mopping up spills immediatelyKeep the floor clean, mopping up spills immediately• Use non-skid rugs, or place non-skid mats under the Use non-skid rugs, or place non-skid mats under the

rugsrugs• Install safety rails in bathtubs and showersInstall safety rails in bathtubs and showers• Do not run electrical or telephone cords across areas Do not run electrical or telephone cords across areas

where people walkwhere people walk• If small children are present, install adjustable safety If small children are present, install adjustable safety

latches so window only open a few incheslatches so window only open a few inches• Use a sturdy step stool when reaching for high itemsUse a sturdy step stool when reaching for high items

Preventing Electrical ShockPreventing Electrical Shock

• Unplug an electrical appliance immediately if Unplug an electrical appliance immediately if anything seems to be wronganything seems to be wrong– Pull the plug, not the cordPull the plug, not the cord

• Inspect cords for signs of cracked insulation and Inspect cords for signs of cracked insulation and replace frayed cords immediatelyreplace frayed cords immediately

• Do not run cords under carpets or rugsDo not run cords under carpets or rugs• Never use an electrical appliance if you or the Never use an electrical appliance if you or the

environment you are in is wetenvironment you are in is wet• Check outlets to make sure they are not overloadedCheck outlets to make sure they are not overloaded• Cover unused outlets with plastic protectors if small Cover unused outlets with plastic protectors if small

children are aroundchildren are around

Preventing PoisoningPreventing Poisoning

• Keep medication and other potentially poisonous Keep medication and other potentially poisonous substances in childproof containerssubstances in childproof containers

• Store chemicals in their original containers, never Store chemicals in their original containers, never in food or drink containersin food or drink containers

• Never mix household chemicalsNever mix household chemicals– Many contain ammonia or bleach with give off toxic Many contain ammonia or bleach with give off toxic

gasses when combinedgasses when combined• Use products that give off fumes in well-Use products that give off fumes in well-

ventilated areaventilated area• When using fire burning appliances, make sure When using fire burning appliances, make sure

there is adequate ventilationthere is adequate ventilation– These give off carbon monoxide gas, which can cause These give off carbon monoxide gas, which can cause

you to suffer from a lack of oxygen intakeyou to suffer from a lack of oxygen intake

Firearm SafetyFirearm Safety

• Never point a firearm at anyone for Never point a firearm at anyone for any reasonany reason

• Treat all firearms as if they are Treat all firearms as if they are loadedloaded

• Store firearms unloaded and store Store firearms unloaded and store ammunition separatelyammunition separately– Store in locked cabinets, well out of a Store in locked cabinets, well out of a

child’s reachchild’s reach

Computer and Video Game Computer and Video Game SafetySafety• Computer tasks often require you to sit in one Computer tasks often require you to sit in one

place for long periods of time, making place for long periods of time, making repetitive motions while staring at a screenrepetitive motions while staring at a screen– Eye strainEye strain– Sore musclesSore muscles– Wrist, hand, or arm injuriesWrist, hand, or arm injuries

• Lighting should be indirect and not too bright. Lighting should be indirect and not too bright. Avoid creating a glare on your computer Avoid creating a glare on your computer screenscreen

• AdjustabilityAdjustability– Make sure work surfaces are adjustable for the Make sure work surfaces are adjustable for the

comfort of each usercomfort of each user

Safety on the JobSafety on the Job

• 500 workers injured every day500 workers injured every day• Proper training can help prevent accidentsProper training can help prevent accidents• Teens are prohibited from performing certain tasks by the Teens are prohibited from performing certain tasks by the

Department of LaborDepartment of Labor– RoofingRoofing– Construction workConstruction work– DemolitionDemolition– Driving a forkliftDriving a forklift– Operating power-driven machineryOperating power-driven machinery– Handling explosives and radioactive materialsHandling explosives and radioactive materials

• Employees and employers must follow safety rules issued Employees and employers must follow safety rules issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)(OSHA)– Agency in the federal government that is responsible for Agency in the federal government that is responsible for

promoting safe and healthful conditions in the workplacepromoting safe and healthful conditions in the workplace

Recreational SafetyRecreational Safety

• Know your limitsKnow your limits– Stick with tasks that match your ability levelStick with tasks that match your ability level

• Bring suppliesBring supplies– Take plenty of safe drinking waterTake plenty of safe drinking water– Never drink from a lake, river, or streamNever drink from a lake, river, or stream

• Wear protective clothingWear protective clothing– Protecting against weather, poisonous plants and insectsProtecting against weather, poisonous plants and insects

• Tell people your plansTell people your plans– Let them know where you’re going and when you plan to Let them know where you’re going and when you plan to

returnreturn– Carry a cell phone if possibleCarry a cell phone if possible

• Plan ahead fro the weatherPlan ahead fro the weather

Safety While Camping and Safety While Camping and HikingHiking

• Stay in specified camp sitesStay in specified camp sites• Hike only in approved areasHike only in approved areas• Be knowledgeable about poisonous plants, Be knowledgeable about poisonous plants,

insect and snakesinsect and snakes• Wear socks and long pants tucked into your Wear socks and long pants tucked into your

socks to protect against ticks and socks to protect against ticks and mosquitoesmosquitoes

• Be cautious around wildlifeBe cautious around wildlife• Do not store food in your tentDo not store food in your tent• Be careful around campfiresBe careful around campfires

Winter Sport SafetyWinter Sport Safety

• Dress in layers to protect you from Dress in layers to protect you from hypothermiahypothermia– A condition in which body temperature A condition in which body temperature

becomes dangerously lowbecomes dangerously low

• Wear a waterproof outer layerWear a waterproof outer layer• Wear a hatWear a hat• Always wear appropriate safety Always wear appropriate safety

equipment and make sure it’s in good equipment and make sure it’s in good working orderworking order

Water SafetyWater Safety• SwimmingSwimming

– Learn how to swimLearn how to swim– Know your abilitiesKnow your abilities– Swim with a buddySwim with a buddy– Swim only in designated areas with a lifeguard Swim only in designated areas with a lifeguard

presentpresent– If you get a cramp, relax and float until the If you get a cramp, relax and float until the

cramp relaxescramp relaxes• DivingDiving

– Learn proper techniquesLearn proper techniques– Always check water depth before divingAlways check water depth before diving– American Red Cross recommends a minimum American Red Cross recommends a minimum

depth of nine feetdepth of nine feet– Never dive in unfamiliar areas or shallow waterNever dive in unfamiliar areas or shallow water– Make sure areas is clear of swimmers and Make sure areas is clear of swimmers and

floating objectsfloating objects

Boating and Personal Boating and Personal WatercraftWatercraft• Learn how to handle a boat correctlyLearn how to handle a boat correctly

• Know the laws governing their use Know the laws governing their use – Boaters safety courseBoaters safety course– Boaters licenseBoaters license

• Always wear approved personal flotation Always wear approved personal flotation devicesdevices

• Return to shore at first indication of bad Return to shore at first indication of bad weatherweather

• Never ride in a boat with an operator who has Never ride in a boat with an operator who has been using alcohol or other drugsbeen using alcohol or other drugs

Lake, River, and Ocean Lake, River, and Ocean SafetySafety• Swim in supervised areas onlySwim in supervised areas only• Enter feet firstEnter feet first• Watch for marine warningsWatch for marine warnings

– Check to see if a warning flag is upCheck to see if a warning flag is up– Ask the lifeguard whether the water is safe for Ask the lifeguard whether the water is safe for

swimmingswimming– Check the tide an surf conditionsCheck the tide an surf conditions

• Be aware of your surroundingsBe aware of your surroundings• Plan aheadPlan ahead

– Make sure you have enough energy to swim Make sure you have enough energy to swim back to shoreback to shore

– If pulled by a current swim gradually out of the If pulled by a current swim gradually out of the current by swimming across it, often parallel to current by swimming across it, often parallel to shoreshore

Safety on the RoadSafety on the Road

• Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among teensdeath among teens– In 2001 more than 5,700 teens died on the roadIn 2001 more than 5,700 teens died on the road

• Fatality rate for teens is 4 times higher than Fatality rate for teens is 4 times higher than the rate for drivers age 25-65 years oldthe rate for drivers age 25-65 years old

• Statistics:Statistics:– 14% of all drivers involved in fatal crashes were 14% of all drivers involved in fatal crashes were

between the ages of 15 and 20between the ages of 15 and 20– 21% of these drivers had been drinking and driving21% of these drivers had been drinking and driving– 80% of these drivers were NOT wearing safety belts80% of these drivers were NOT wearing safety belts

Vehicular SafetyVehicular Safety• Obeying the rules of the road, as well as practicing Obeying the rules of the road, as well as practicing

common sense and good judgmentcommon sense and good judgment• Pay attention to your vehiclePay attention to your vehicle

– Adjust mirrors and seat positionAdjust mirrors and seat position– Wear seat beltWear seat belt

• Pay attention to other driversPay attention to other drivers• Pay attention to road conditionsPay attention to road conditions

– Reduce speed if road is wet and/or icyReduce speed if road is wet and/or icy– Reduce speed if lane narrows or there is constructionReduce speed if lane narrows or there is construction

• Pay attention to your physical statePay attention to your physical state– Don’t drive if you are tiredDon’t drive if you are tired– If you are tired, do something to refresh your self or if If you are tired, do something to refresh your self or if

extremely tired, pull over at the nearest rest stop and extremely tired, pull over at the nearest rest stop and sleep or call homesleep or call home

• Pay attention to your emotional statePay attention to your emotional state– Emotional state can affect judgmentEmotional state can affect judgment

Being a Responsible DriverBeing a Responsible Driver

• Always signal when you are about to Always signal when you are about to make a turn or change lanesmake a turn or change lanes

• Follow all traffic signals and signsFollow all traffic signals and signs• Don’t tailgateDon’t tailgate• Let other drivers merge safely into Let other drivers merge safely into

traffictraffic• Avoid road rageAvoid road rage

– Practice of endangering drivers by using a Practice of endangering drivers by using a vehicle as a weaponvehicle as a weapon

Other StrategiesOther Strategies

• Never engage in high risk driving behaviorNever engage in high risk driving behavior• Never drive under the influence of drugs Never drive under the influence of drugs

or alcoholor alcohol• Don’t let distractions, such as eating or Don’t let distractions, such as eating or

adjusting the radio, take your attention adjusting the radio, take your attention away from the roadaway from the road

• Drive defensively because you have no Drive defensively because you have no control over what other drivers are doingcontrol over what other drivers are doing– Be aware of potential hazards and react to Be aware of potential hazards and react to

avoid themavoid them

Bicycle SafetyBicycle Safety• Always wear a safety-approved, hard-shell helmet Always wear a safety-approved, hard-shell helmet

that fits properlythat fits properly• Ride with trafficRide with traffic• Yield the right of wayYield the right of way• Watch for cars pulling out into traffic or car doors Watch for cars pulling out into traffic or car doors

opening in your pathopening in your path• Obey the same rules as driversObey the same rules as drivers• Use hand signals for making turns and stoppingUse hand signals for making turns and stopping• Keep both hands on handlebars except when Keep both hands on handlebars except when

signalingsignaling• If riding at night, make sure your bike has a If riding at night, make sure your bike has a

bright headlight and red rear light and reflectorbright headlight and red rear light and reflector• Wear reflective or light colored clothing when Wear reflective or light colored clothing when

riding at dawn, dusk or in the rainriding at dawn, dusk or in the rain

Skating SafetySkating Safety

• Wear protective equipmentWear protective equipment

• Watch for pedestriansWatch for pedestrians

• Keep speed under controlKeep speed under control

• If you begin to fall, curl up into a ball If you begin to fall, curl up into a ball and roll, staying looseand roll, staying loose

• Do not hold anything in your handDo not hold anything in your hand

Motorcycles and All-Terrain Motorcycles and All-Terrain VehiclesVehicles• Be aware of potential hazards such as a car door Be aware of potential hazards such as a car door

opening or the presence of pedestriansopening or the presence of pedestrians• Wear a helmet and proper clothingWear a helmet and proper clothing• Be cautious in wet weatherBe cautious in wet weather• Do not carry an additional rider unless you have a Do not carry an additional rider unless you have a

second seat and additional safety equipmentsecond seat and additional safety equipment• Do not grab onto objects or other vehicles while Do not grab onto objects or other vehicles while

movingmoving• Don’t use ATVs on paved roads and streetsDon’t use ATVs on paved roads and streets• Use 4 wheeled ATVs as they are less likely to flip Use 4 wheeled ATVs as they are less likely to flip

than three wheeled onesthan three wheeled ones