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Warm-up
In your notebook, respond to the following in 3 to 5 sentences:
Thomas Jefferson once said: “Every generation needs a new revolution.” If you had to start a revolution, what would you try to change? What changes need to be made in society?
NC REBELLIONS
Not everyone was content with the Colonial Gov’ts There were early moves to strengthen
the colonial gov’ts in the hopes of benefiting England
Some colonials were more interested in their own fortunes than in serving king and country
The following are examples of local conflicts during the period of colonization
These examples might help us see what early problems influenced much later problems (see Revolution!)
Rebellions/Conflict
Bacon’s Rebellion (not in NC)
Culpepper Rebellion Cary RebellionTuscarora War
Colonial Government and Rebellion
Few could vote Only men White, 21 years old Property owners (50 acres or more) (think 37 football fields of space or half the Magic Kingdom!)
Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina Created by the 8 Lord Proprietors
1669 – established colonial government “Grand Model” – each settler would obey a
strict social order (intended to be like Feudalism)
Yeomen – small farmer (bottom of chain) paid taxes/obeyed the landgraves (large land owners)
Palatine – governor of the colony, chosen from the Proprietors
1. Bacon’s Rebellion
1676 in the Virginia Colony
Nathaniel Bacon – Planter from England
Angry with Governor Berkeley
Bacon’s Rebellion
1676: Greed in Virginia for rich farmlands pushes settlers into conflict with natives
Settlers desire to move onto treaty-protected lands
29 year-old Nathaniel Bacon petitions gov’t to approve war with natives
Bacon’s Rebellion
Unhappy about low tobacco prices, limits on voting rights, rule by an aristocratic minority, and lack of protection from the Native Americans
Bacon’s Rebellion
Governor refuses, Bacon attacks anyway
Eventually, Bacon sees the Gov’t as a obstacle
Bacon wages war on the gov’t and burns down the capital (Jamestown)
Bacon dies of dysentery, rebellion eventually fades out
Largely unsuccessful, but Berkeley (governor) did step down
2. Culpeper’s Rebellion
1677 – rebellion against the Navigation Acts Monopolized colonial trade for England (only English merchants and ships to England)
Tariffs/Export Taxes placed on colonial products
Tobacco was usually shipped to Boston and other goods to the West Indies
Resistance and Conflict
George Durant…WHO?
George Durant
Wanted chance to grow more tobacco with less effort and expense
Durant’s home became the center of Albemarle for business, social gatherings, and courthouse
Thomas Miller and Thomas Eastchurch
Supported Proprietors Went to England to explain situation
(“deplorable behavior”) Eastchurch appointed governor of
Carolina; Miller, tax collector 1677 – Miller sailed to Albemarle,
attempted to arrest Durant – Durant’s supporters rescued him led by Gen. John Culpeper, captured Miller
“Culpeper’s Rebellion”
Aftermath
Miller escaped; returned to England to meet with the proprietors
Proprietors blamed Miller, refused to punish rebels
Colonists would govern themselves through a new Assembly created in Albemarle
3. Cary’s Rebellion
The Vestry Act and Test Act Designed to ensure Anglican rule
Vestry Act – new tax used to build Anglican Churches
Test Act – elected officials must swear on bible to uphold Anglican faith
Quakers, Lutherans, and Catholics
All offended and angered
Quakers protest by petitioning Lord Proprietors
Thomas Cary (Governor) is fired, Edward Hyde replaced him
Attempts to enforce acts
Cary’s Rebellion
Cary supported Quakers and religious dissenters
Hoped to get his job backElections held (1708), Cary wins!
1708-1711 – Cary allows Quakers to hold office without swearing
Thomas Cary
English Response
Cary replaced with HydeCary sailed on Pamlico, fired on Hyde’s home
Caused major disruption in Carolina, represented a diminished role for Quakers in state politics
4. Tuscarora
Native American territory to west
Used as slaves by colonistsPopulation decline from 120,000 to 16,000 in a century
New technology = guns, glass beads, clothing, alcohol, etc..
Buildup to War
1711 – New Bern settled in Tuscarora territory
John Lawson, Christoph von Graffenreid and an African slave leave on expedition into Tuscarora territory
Captured, Lawson killed – others were released later
The Tuscarora War
Tuscarora decide to try to push Europeans out of Carolina
Grievances: Kidnapping and enslaving their people
Alcohol Cheated during trade Poor treatment by Europeans
The Tuscarora War
Native Americans attack Bath County
Plan to destroy all plantation
Hundreds killed (even children)
Women and children taken as slaves
Dead left for dogs and vultures
Results
NC calls for aid from South Carolina and Virginia
1713 – South Carolina responds with Catawba and Yamassee Indians
Tuscarora defeated at Ft. Neoheroka
1000 were killed/enslaved, forced out of NC to NY
Journal – wrap-up
Answer the following question in your journal in 3-5 sentences:
What is something that the U.S. government could do that would make you want to revolt or leave the country? Explain your answer.