Warm-up!• I am eight letters long - "12345678" 

My 1234 is an atmospheric condition.  My 34567 supports a plant.  My 4567 is to appropriate.  My 45 is a friendly thank-you.  My 678 is a name.  Q: What word am I? 

• A shell is tied to the side of a boat. The shell hangs 3 meters above water level. The water rises 2cm an hour. Question :  How much time will it take before water touches

the shell?

It’s All About The Cell Man!!

Robert Hooke

• Made MANY contributions to science• Many inventions

• U-joint, more accurate clocks, • Wrote Micrographia• Improved the compound microscope

• Coined the term “cells”

Cell Theory

Brought to you by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow!!

1. All living things are composed of cells.2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and

function.3. Cells only come from other cells.

Organelles or no Organelles, That is the Question!!!!

Prokaryote• No Membrane bound

Organelles!!!!• Small and Simple• Bacteria • No Membrane bound

Organelles!!!!

Eukaryote• Nucleus contains genetic

info!!!!• large and complex• Multi-celled or single-celled• Plants, animals, fungi, and

protists

** It is believed that Eukaryotes evolved from Prokaryotes who lost their cell wall

Organelle Video

The Nucleus

• The “Control Center”– Contains DNA

– Nuclear envelope

• Surrounds the nucleus• Allows messages to move in and out of

the nucleus

Ribosome

• Build Proteins– Found on Endoplasmic Reticulum (stationary) and

in cytoplasm (mobile)– Small round structures

• These are VERY, VERY important!!!!

Endoplasmic reticulum

• Assembles proteins (rough) and lipids (smooth)– Usually attached to the

nucleus--Makes sure that instructions are followed (supervisor)

Golgi Apparatus

• Sort and package– “Does what the ER made stay in the cell, or do I

need to send it elsewhere?”• Usually closer to membrane

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts• Energy!!!!!!• Mitochondria: Chloroplasts:• Release it Store it

• Found in all cells In Plants and Bacteria

• Has own DNA Contains CHLOROPHYLL

Lysosomes• Digest• Break down carbs, lipids, and proteins for use in cells

• Transport• Once materials are broken down

– Move the material out of cell

Vacuoles

FUNCTION: Storage, Waste Removal, and Digestion

Stores water, salt, proteins, carbohydrates, etc.

Contractile Vacuole: found is some organisms; Propulsion mechanism

Cytoskeleton

• Support !!and Movement

• like bones for cells!

Centrioles

• Help cells divide

• Found in pairs– Near the nucleus

• Composed of microtubules

Cytoplasm

• EVERYTHING contained within the cell membrane EXCEPT the nucleus.– Organelles and

CYTOSOL:• Thick, jelly-like fluid that

fills the cell and surrounds the internal organelles.

• Made of:– Proteins, vitamins,

lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and carbs

Plasma Membrane

• Serves as a Boundary– Controls what enters

and leaves the cell.

– Phospholipids Bilayer

– Semi-permeable Membrane

Not all cells have all these organelles!

Some Cells have Special Organelles!

Cell Wall • Provides protection

and support– this is how plants can grow so tall!– Though they are rigid,

they are FLEXABLE

• VERY rigid outer layer– Composed of

Cellulose, polysaccharides, polyglycan, or chitin

**Primary Wall:--weaker; where growth happens; mechanical & structural support

**Secondary Wall: --stronger; deposited on

primary wall once growth has CEASED!; provide mechanical support

Cilia and Flagella

• Cilia: hair-like projections (short) • Flagella: long extension (long)• Movement

Cilia and Flagella

• Move liquid around the cell– Some use them to swim!

• EX: zooflagella

• Whip-like extensions from the cell membrane– If there are 1 or a few =>

it’s a FLAGELLA– If there are many => they

are CILIA