WARM UP 9/24

1.1. What biomolecule’s building blocks are…What biomolecule’s building blocks are…

a. Nucleotidesa. Nucleotides

b. Amino acidsb. Amino acids

c. Saccharidesc. Saccharides

d. Acids and basesd. Acids and bases

e. Fatty acids and glycerole. Fatty acids and glycerol

2.2. Name 2 types of bonds.Name 2 types of bonds.

3.3. 3 functions of salt.3 functions of salt.

ACIDS AND BASES

Have your chart out to add on these Have your chart out to add on these biomoleculesbiomolecules

ACIDS- compound that gives off H+ ions

ELEMENTS:ELEMENTS:

Hydrogen + a metalHydrogen + a metal

BUILDING BLOCKS:BUILDING BLOCKS:

nonenone

FUNCTION:FUNCTION:

1.1. Break down foodsBreak down foods

2.2. Fight against germsFight against germs

BODY:BODY:

Stomach (HCl)Stomach (HCl)

Acetic acidAcetic acid

Carbonic acidCarbonic acid

FOODS:FOODS:

Citrus fruitsCitrus fruits

MilkMilk

AlcoholAlcohol

Spicy foodsSpicy foods

BASES – compound that gives off OH- ions

ELEMENTS:ELEMENTS:

OxygenOxygen

HydrogenHydrogen

plus metalplus metal

BUILDING BLOCKS:

None

FUNCTIONS:FUNCTIONS:

1.1. Protect tissues from Protect tissues from acidsacids

BODY:BODY:

Digestive tract Digestive tract (bicarbonate)(bicarbonate)

FOODS:FOODS:

Leafy vegetablesLeafy vegetables

Baking sodaBaking soda

NOTES Ch 2 9/24

ACIDS AND BASESACIDS AND BASES

pH ScaleMeasures the Measures the

concentration of H+ concentration of H+ ions in a solutionions in a solution

Ranges from 0 – 14

0 end acidic

7 neutral

14 end basic

(alkali)

Every step up = 10 times more

EX: pH 3 and pH 8 = 5 (10)

, so pH3 is 50 times more acidic than pH8

or pH8 is 50 times more basic than pH3

LITMUS PAPER

Used to test pH

Will turn color in presence of an acid or base

ACID EX:ACID EX:

HCl ------- H+ + Cl-HCl ------- H+ + Cl-

BASE EX:BASE EX:

NaOH ------ Na+ + OH-NaOH ------ Na+ + OH-

ACID + BASEACID + BASE

HCl + NaOH ------ NaCl + ?HCl + NaOH ------ NaCl + ?

H2OH2O

= SALT + WATER= SALT + WATER

(H+ and OH- = H2O)(H+ and OH- = H2O)

acid baseacid base

ACID BASE BALANCE

Cells VERY sensitive to Cells VERY sensitive to changes in body pHchanges in body pH

Blood 7.4 Blood 7.4

Acidosis < 7.4Acidosis < 7.4

Alkinosis > 7.4Alkinosis > 7.4

Lungs important in Lungs important in balancebalance

Decrease breathingDecrease breathing

Increase CO2Increase CO2

Formation of carbonic Formation of carbonic acidacid

blood pH acidicblood pH acidic

Increase breathing

Decrease CO2

blood pH back

HOMESTATIS OF ACIDS AND BASES

                                                                                          

TODAY

ACID – BASE LABACID – BASE LAB

Read all directionsRead all directions

Do not spill!Do not spill!

Do not smell directly! Do not smell directly!

Make sure to clean up, points for itMake sure to clean up, points for it

NEED: something to write with, today’s notesNEED: something to write with, today’s notes