Warm-Up #5

• Complete Analyzing Data questions #1-5 on page 935 of your text.

Objectives

• State the functions of the skeletal system

• Describe the structure of a typical bone

• Explain how bones develop

• Identify the three different kinds of joints

Lab Review

Types of Joints

• Immovable—skull sutures

• Slightly movable—vertebrae

• Freely movable– Ball and socket—full range of movement--

shoulder, hip– Hinge—back and forth movement—knee, foot– Pivot—rotate around another bone—elbow,

neck– Saddle—bone slide in two directions--hand

Endoskeletons also have…….

Joints where 2 bones come together

At these joints you find

Tendons that hold muscle to bone, “muscle tenders”

Ligaments that hold bone to bone

http://www.davidlnelson.md/images/Tendon_both_repaired_DSCN1768.jpg

Support Systems may be:

Exoskeleton: Endoskeleton:

Hard outer covering Internal set of bones

Function of EndoSkeletons

• Support

• Protection of internal organs

• Movement (with muscles)

• Mineral Store (calcium, magnesium, etc)

• Blood cell production (bone marrow)

Endoskeletons made ofa. Axial: skull,

backbone, ribs, sternum

b. Appendicular: arms, legs, shoulders, hips,wrists, ankles

Bone Structure:

Know functions for each structure with blue dot.

Bone Cells

• Osteocytes—mature bone cells—skeletal lab

• Osteoblasts—cells that produce bone

• Osteoclasts—cells that break down bown

• Cartilage is replaced by bone during the process of bone formation called ossification.

• Bone tissue forms as osteoblasts secrete mineral deposits. • When the osteoblasts become surrounded by bone tissue, they

mature into osteocytes = bone cells!

Bone Marrow

• Red Marrow—makes red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets.

• Yellow Marrow—Fat cells

Summary

• What are the functions of the skeletal system?

• What is the structure of a typical bone?

• How do bones develop?

• What are the three different types of joints?

• Give some examples.

The Muscular System

Specialized organelle

#5

Objectives

• Describe the 3 types of muscle tissue

• Explain how muscles contract.

Three types of Muscle:

• A. Smooth: involuntary control of internal organs for digestion, & blood vessels

• B. Cardiac: involuntary control of the heart

• C. Skeletal: Voluntary control of the skeletal muscles for movement

The Musculature System……..

Structure:

• Voluntary Muscles

Striated-Skeletal

• Involuntary Muscles

Cardiac- Heart

Smooth-Stomach

Striated SkeletalSeveral nucleiBox shaped, many mitochondria

Cardiac Muscle: • Fewer Striations• Fewer

Mitochondria• Large nuclei• Lattice work of

spaces between some cells

• Still square shape

• One nuclei per cell

Smooth Muscle:• Eye shaped• One nuclei per

cell• No lattice work• No striations• Long & drawn

out• Fewer

Mitochondria• Stomach,

Intestines, blood vessles

SKELETAL CARDIAC SMOOTH

Voluntary INVOLUNTARY

Know differences/similarities between the 3 types!

How Do Muscles Contract?

Muscle bundles work in opposite pairs:Contracting & Relaxing

by pushing and pulling bones (biceps & triceps in the arms)

Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction:

• Let’s WatchKnow how muscles contract – what role do actin, myosin, Ca++ & ATP play?

Summary

• What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?– Give Examples.– Which are voluntary? Involuntary?

• What function do actin and myosin have in muscle contraction?

• What role does calcium play?

• What happens to the sarcomere during contraction?

The Integumentary System

Your Skin

Objectives

• State the functions of the Integumentary system

• Describe the skin structure

• Describe how skin can protect the body from UV exposure.

The Skin..……….. the largest organ in the body

Functions: • Barrier against

infection and injury• Regulate body

temperature• Remove Waste• Protection from UV• Insulate• Sensory Receptors

The Skin: Structure……….

a. Epidermis made of epithelia

b. Dermis with• sweat glands• hair follicles• oil glands• capillaries• nerve cells

Melanin & MelanocytesMelanin is a

protection against UV radiation. Contributes to skin pigment

Why do we sun burn?Discovery Video

Sun Damage

Summary

• What are the functions of the integumentary system?

• What are the two layers of the skin?– What is the epidermis made of?– What is contained in the dermis?

• What substance in your body protects from UV exposure?

Muscle Minutes Lab

Homework—Due Wednesday 2/16

• Complete Muscle Minutes Lab

• Quiz Next Class

• Prepare Homework Packets– Warm-Ups #5-6—4 points– Study Guide—2 points– Skeletal Lab—2 points– Muscle Lab—2 points– Extra Credit Article Summary—2 points