Warm Up: 2/4/14

Imagine you have an opportunity to move to the west coast. A couple of your friends

moved there about a month ago. They rave about how great it is every time you

talk to them— better schools, bigger houses, the potential to make a lot of

money. You could have a whole new life. Would you leave your life here and go

west? Why or why not?

Expansion and Reform – the learner will assess the

competing forces of expansionism, nationalism and

sectionalism

Goal 2

What are we going to learn?

2.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union.

2.02 Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and language.

2.03 Distinguish between the economic and social issues that led to sectionalism and nationalism.

2.04 Assess political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism.

2.05 Identify the major reform movements and evaluate their effectiveness.

2.06 Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and other social movements and issues.

What are the Big Ideas?Why did Americans want to move West?How did westward expansion impact the

expansion of slavery?What is the American System?Why was the Presidency of Andrew Jackson

so controversial?How did westward expansion impact

relations with Indians?Why did the US fight a War with Mexico and

what was the impact of the war?How did technology impact life in America

during this time?

Going West!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJutNK3qLY4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6t2xze4g_Q

Going West

Reasons to move westJobs (mining, forestry

and ranching industries)

Land for farmingPort and new markets

for goodsGold Rush- 49ers

travel to California

Early Pioneers

Native Americans and Westward Expansion

Native American Resistance

Warm Up-2/5: What does this picture suggest about Westward Expansion?

The Question of Slavery

North- abolitionistSouth- “necessary

evil”As US expands into

new territory, question is whether slavery will expand

Compromise!!!!!!Missouri Compromise

Maine is free state and Missouri is slave state

36’30” line divides rest of country

Slavery Continued…Continue to be a sectional issue and divide

the country

William Lloyd Garrison- publish The Liberator (abolitionist newspaper)

Frederick Douglass- former slave, very outspoken abolitionist

Nat Turner’s Rebellion- slave riot in Virginia that will lead to hanging of 15

Wilmot Proviso- idea proposed by Senator Wilmot that said slavery should not be allowed in any new territory gained after the War with Mexico

Texas Independence

Texas fights first war with MexicoUS does not get

involved- even though US citizens live in Texas

Texans are defeated by Santa Ana at the Alamo

Texas won its independence in 1836

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny- belief that US should stretch from Atlantic to Pacific Oceans

James Polk- Manifest Destiny PresidentStrong supporter of

Manifest DestinyTexas wants to be state

US was hesitant to admit Texas for fear it would upset the balance of free and slave states.

War With Mexico Long story short- US wins

easilyTreaty of Guadalupe

HidalgoUS buys territory in West-

include California, Nevada, Arizona, etc

Rio Grande River is established as border between Texas and Mexico

Gadsden PurchaseUS buy land from Mexico

(southern Arizona and New Mexico)

Manifest Destiny Continued…

Oregon TerritoryBorder established

between Oregon and British land in Canada

54’40” or fight- slogan used to represent the line wanted for the border

Compromise to present day border

Development of an American Identity

America will begin to produce its’ own literature and art that show life in AmericaImportant in

developing Nationalism and an American culture

Early Writers

Alex de TocquevilleFrench writer who

visits the USWrite about

Americans being independent and self-reliantSelf-reliant- do things

themselves

Other Early Writers

Noah WebsterDevelop first

American dictionaryEstablish American

language separate from Britain

Transcendentalism

Philosophy that stresses the individual and self-reliance

Ralph Waldo Emerson- “Father of Transcendentalism”Love of nature and power of

imagination“Do Not Follow where the

path may lead. Go instead where there is not a path and leave a trail.”

Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalist

On Walden Pond- Thoreau will leave society and live in a cabin on the pond (nature!!!!) and write about his experiences

Civil DisobedienceRight of an individual to

protest any law or act they believe is not write. Must be willing to accept consequences.

Example- Thoreau will be put in jail for not paying his taxes in protest of the War with Mexico

Major influence on Gandhi and MLK Jr. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Civil+Dis

obedience+mlk&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=civil+disobedience+mlk&sc=2-22&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C9B3502AB3AFE78EB3B5C9B3502AB3AFE78EB3B5

Other Writers

Washington Irving- wrote about common man (Rip Van Winkle and Legend of Sleepy Hollow)

James Fenimore Cooper- write about life in frontier (Last of the Mohicans)

Nathaniel Hawthorne- wrote about problems of human nature and sin (The Scarlett Letter)

Edgar Allen Poe- wrote stories and poems about suspense and horrorPoems like The Raven and Tell

Tale Heart

Architecture and Painting

Hudson River School of ArtistsPainted pictures of

American landscapesInfluential and

portrayed life in America (especially to Europeans and other foreigners)

Neoclassical Architecture

Neoclassical architectureUse of columns (like in Ancient Rome)Think of courthouses, government

buildings, etc

Both buildings were constructed during the early-mid 1800s. What similarities do you see in these

buildings?

These buildings were constructed during the ancient Roman Period. In what ways did these buildings influence those built in the 1800s?

Warm Up: 2/71. Explain how each term relates to one another

2. Identify the overarching concept this circle depicts

Noah Webster

Henry David Thoreau

Hudson River School

Neo Classical Architecture

Reform Movements Women’s Rights-

seeking right to vote and equal treatmentSeneca Falls Convention

(1848)- meeting to organize the Women’s Movement

PeopleSusan B. Anthony- begin

Temperance Movement to ban alcohol

Lucretia MottElizabeth Cady Stanton

Social Institutions

Prison ReformLed by Dorothea DixGoal was rehabilitation-

give prisoners job training so they can re-enter society

Also be involved in reforms of mental institutions and hospitalsSeek better treatment- were

chained in jailsStates will build mental

hospitals to treat these patients

Education Reform

Led by Horace MannCreate common school

systemsLed by state

governmentsEqual education to all

childrenSpecial schools for

hearing and visually impaired

Improved curriculum and teacher training

Utopian Communities

Utopia- perfect society without crime, poverty and injustice

Based on communal living- everyone working together for the common good (sharing)

ExamplesNew Harmony- religious utopiaBrook Farm- social utopia

Founded by transcendentalistsEnded in 6 yearsMade up of poets, authors

Oneida- religious and social utopiaRenounce marriage and personal property (sharing)

2nd Great Awakening1797-1859Religious Movement

Meetings called “revivals” or “tent meetings”

Emphasize a personal relationship with God

Emphasized that society could be changed for better

Lead to other reform movements

Led by preachers like Charles G. Finney

Religious groups will be involved in Temperance Movement (ban alcohol)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t62fUZJvjOs

Warm Up: 2/10

What reform movements changed American social and religious institutions during the early 19th century?

Of these reforms which do you feel was the most important to America?

Antebellum Politics

Henry Clay- known as Great CompromiserAmerican System-

plan to improve countryHigh Tariff National bank Internal

transportation improvements to improve trade and industry

Antebellum Politics Continued

Corrupt Bargain of 1824Election of 1824 there

are 3 candidates- John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson

Adams and Clay combine their supporters to defeat Andrew Jackson

Deal- Adams becomes President and Clay gets a cabinet position

Presidency of Andrew Jackson

Won in 1828 (defeated in 1824 by corrupt bargain)

New IdeasSpeak up for common

man and farmersSpoils system- give

jobs in government to people based on loyalty and friendship (distrust most politicians)

South Carolina Nullification Crisis

1828- Congress pass high tariff (known as Tariff of Abomination)

South Carolina will protest and not follow the tariff

1832- President Jackson will force SC to follow tariffAgain establish

supremacy of federal government over state governments

Jackson and the IndiansJackson thought Indians

should be relocatedIndian Removal Act of 1830-

made it legal to remove Indians from their land

Cherokee Indians challenge this lawWorchester v. Georgia (1832)-

US Supreme Court rules that Indians have right to their land

Jackson will defy court rulingForce Cherokees on Trail of

Tears- march to their new homeland on Indian Reservation in Oklahoma

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGfxyeuy8u8

Warm Up: 2/11

Suppose you lived during the 1800s. Who would you have supported Henry Clay or Andrew Jackson? Why?

Bank of the U.S.Jackson thought the

bank was unconstitutional

Blamed bank for economic problems in 1819-thought it hurt common man

Defied ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland

Jackson puts federal money in “pet banks”

Causes the Panic of 1837

S-

P-

A-

M-

Second American Party System

First- Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

Second- Whigs and Democrats (Jackson)Whigs- begin to resist

JacksonSupport Henry ClayOne candidate elected President-

1840 William Henry HarrisonDie out and most will support

new Republican Party by 1850Republican Party

Form in 1830’s around one issue- Abolish slavery

Will become major party by 1850 (think Abraham Lincoln)

New Technology Telegraph and Morse

Samuel Morse- Code (communication)

Eli Whitney- South will become Cotton Kingdom (#1 producer of cotton in world)

John Deere- better plowCyrus McCormick- Reaper

to harvest grain in MidwestRobert Fulton- Steamboat

and new mode of transportation

Eerie Canal

Started in 1808 and finished in 1825

Joins Lake Erie and Hudson River

Impact cities like Buffalo, NY and New York CityTrade will increaseFood prices go down-

lower costs of shippingCities will grow (Buffalo,

Rochester, Syracuse NY)Jobs created

Immigration First Wave of Immigration

Mainly from Northern and Western Europe

Ireland- come to America due to potato famine

Scandinavia- Sweden, etc1820s to 1860s

Lead to Nativism- hatred of immigrantsKnow-Nothing Party-

political party formed to fight immigrants and foreigners

Nativism

Other Goal 2 Stuff

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)Federal government

has the right to control interstate and foreign commerce (between 2 or more states)