Warm-Up #13 Warm-Up #13 10/19/1110/19/11

1)1) What are two main differences between What are two main differences between animal and plant cells?animal and plant cells?

2)2) Who was the plant scientist in the cell Who was the plant scientist in the cell theory?theory?

3)3) Who was the animal scientist?Who was the animal scientist?

* You have 10 minutes to get the warm-up done * You have 10 minutes to get the warm-up done and make sure the homework is done from and make sure the homework is done from yesterday.yesterday.

Scientists and Scientists and TheoriesTheories

Essential QuestionEssential Question

What is the cause behind most What is the cause behind most infectious diseases?infectious diseases?

Robert HookeRobert Hooke

16651665 Coined term cell by looking at cork (plant) Coined term cell by looking at cork (plant)

that resembled monastery’s tiny rooms.that resembled monastery’s tiny rooms. Saw cell wallsSaw cell walls Cell—the basic unit of lifeCell—the basic unit of life Used compound microscopeUsed compound microscope

Anton van LeeuwenhoekAnton van Leeuwenhoek

16741674 First person to see living things!First person to see living things!

Francesco RediFrancesco Redi

16681668 First controlled experiment!!First controlled experiment!! Control was leaving one jar open—Control was leaving one jar open—

the experiment in the absence of the the experiment in the absence of the IVIV

IV was the degree of coverage—IV was the degree of coverage—gauze or completely sealed offgauze or completely sealed off

DV was the result—did maggots DV was the result—did maggots appear?appear?

Redi’s ExperimentRedi’s Experiment

What three men contributed What three men contributed to the cell theory?to the cell theory?

Plant guy—Matthias SchleidenPlant guy—Matthias Schleiden

Animal guy—Theodor SchwannAnimal guy—Theodor Schwann

Cell guy—Rudolph VirchowCell guy—Rudolph Virchow

Robert KochRobert Koch

Developed a series of rules to identify Developed a series of rules to identify microorganisms that cause specific microorganisms that cause specific diseases.diseases.

First to isolate tuberculosis, cholera, First to isolate tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax! and anthrax!

Won the Nobel Prize for TB.Won the Nobel Prize for TB.

1. Pathogen should be found in the body of a sick organism and not in a healthy one.

2. Pathogen must be isolated and grown in a laboratory in pure culture.

Koch’s PostulatesKoch’s Postulates

3. When cultured pathogens are placed in a new host, the host should get the same disease.

4. The pathogen should be isolated from the second host. It must be identical to the original.

Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur Discovered fermentation of beer Discovered fermentation of beer

and wine is caused by and wine is caused by microorganisms.microorganisms.

Developed ‘Pasteurization’ for Developed ‘Pasteurization’ for beer, wine, and milk.beer, wine, and milk.

Developed vaccines for anthrax Developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies.and rabies.

Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur

With the help of Robert Koch, Pasteur With the help of Robert Koch, Pasteur came up with the….came up with the….

Germ Theory of DiseaseGerm Theory of Disease

Infectious diseases are caused by Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms of different types, microorganisms of different types, commonly called germs.commonly called germs.

DiseaseDisease

DiseaseDisease – any change, other than injury, – any change, other than injury, that disrupts the normal function of the that disrupts the normal function of the body.body.

Lynn MargulisLynn Margulis

Proposed that eukaryotic cells arose from Proposed that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities of prokaryotic cells.living communities of prokaryotic cells.

Called the endosymbiotic theory.Called the endosymbiotic theory.

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