Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:

1) CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________.

2) The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip.

3) By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft.

4) Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first.

5) Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes

Questions / Comments

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:

1) CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________.

2) The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip.

3) By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft.

4) Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first.

5) Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off.

• This peak is called the CL-MAX.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:

1) CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________.

2) The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip.

3) By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft.

4) Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first.

5) Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• In most straight-wing aircraft, the wing is designed to stall the wing root first.

• The wing root reaches its critical AOA first making the stall progress outward toward the wingtip.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:

1) CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________.

2) The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip.

3) By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft.

4) Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first.

5) Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls• By having the

wing root stall first, aileron effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining controllability of the aircraft.

• Various design methods are used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:

1) CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________.

2) The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip.

3) By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft.

4) Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first.

5) Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls• In one design, the

wing is “twisted” to a higher AOA at the wing root.

• Installing stall strips on the first 20–25 percent of the wing’s leading edge is another method to introduce a stall prematurely.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:

1) CL increases with an increase in AOA, at some point the CL peaks and then begins to drop off. This peak is called ____________.

2) The wing root reaches its critical AOA _____ making the stall progress _________ toward the wingtip.

3) By having the wing root stall first, _________ effectiveness is maintained at the wingtips, maintaining __________ of the aircraft.

4) Describe two methods used to achieve the stalling of the wing root first.

5) Critical AOA varies from _________depending on the aircraft’s design.

Warm-Up – 11/12 – 10 minutes

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls• This critical AOA

varies from 16° to 20° depending on the aircraft’s design.

• But each aircraft has only one specific AOA where the stall occurs.

Questions / Comments

November 14 1910 — The birth of the

aircraft carrier occurs when Eugene Ely takes off from the cruiser USS Birmingham in Virginia, on a Curtiss biplane.

The warship has an 83-foot platform built over the foredeck for the take-off.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION

November 14 1949 — Boeing Airplane

Company begins delivery to the United States Air Force of B-50D's equipped with droppable fuel tanks.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION

November 14 1957 — Chance Vought

“Regulus II” completes successful rocket-boosted flight test by United States Navy.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION

November 14 1966 — A Lockheed C-141

“Starlifter” became the first jet aircraft to land in Antarctica.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION

Questions / Comments

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY           

3 4 5

Chapter 4

Forces of Flight - Turns

6 7

Chapter 4

Forces of Flight – Climbs

Decents

8 9

           

10 11

No School

12

Chapter 4

Forces of Flight

Stalls

13 14

Chapter 4

Forces of Flight

Stalls

15 16

             

17 18

Chapter 4

Forces of Flight

Basic Propeller Principles

19 20

Chapter 4

Forces of Flight

Basic Propeller Principles

21 22

Chapter 4 Quiz

FltLine Friday

Flight

Simulator

Progress Reports

23

             

24 25

No School

26

No School

27

No School

28

No School

29

No School

30

           

November 2013

Questions / Comments

Chapter 4 – Aerodynamics of FlightFAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

Mission: Identify in writing the forces acting on an aircraft in flight. Describe how the forces of flight work and how to control them

with the use of power and flight controls essential to flight. Describe the aerodynamics of flight. Describe in writing how design, weight, load factors, and gravity

affect an aircraft during flight maneuvers.

EQ: Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the

student pilot learning to fly.

Today’s Mission Requirements

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• There are three flight situations in which the critical AOA can be exceeded: low speed, high speed, and turning.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• The aircraft can be stalled in straight-and-level flight by flying too slowly.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls• As the airspeed

decreases, the AOA must be increased to retain the lift required for maintaining altitude.

• The lower the airspeed becomes, the more the AOA must be increased.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls• Low speed is not

necessary to produce a stall.

• The wing can be brought into an excessive AOA at any speed.

• In a dive, the aircraft’s AOA changes abruptly from quite low to very high.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls• Since the flightpath of

the aircraft in relation to the oncoming air determines the direction of the relative wind, the AOA is suddenly increased, and the aircraft would reach the stalling angle at a speed much greater than the normal stall speed.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• The stalling speed of an aircraft is also higher in a level turn than in straight-and-level flight.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• In a turn, additional lift is acquired by applying back pressure to the elevator control.

• This increases the wing’s AOA, and results in increased lift.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• If during a turn the AOA becomes excessive, the aircraft stalls.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls• To balance the

aircraft aerodynamically, the CL is normally located aft of the CG.

• This makes the aircraft inherently nose-heavy, downwash on the horizontal stabilizer counteracts this condition.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls• At the point of

stall, this allows the aircraft to pitch down abruptly, rotating about its CG.

• During this nose-down attitude, the AOA decreases and the airspeed again increases.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• The smooth flow of air over the wing begins again, lift returns, and the aircraft is again flying.

• Caution - Considerable altitude may be lost before this cycle is complete.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls• Airfoil shape and degradation of that shape must also be considered in a discussion of stalls.

• If ice, snow, and frost are allowed to accumulate on the surface of an aircraft, the smooth airflow over the wing is disrupted.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• This causes the boundary layer to separate at an AOA lower than that of the critical angle.

• Lift is greatly reduced, altering expected aircraft performance.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• If ice is allowed to accumulate on the aircraft during flight the weight of the aircraft is increased while the ability to generate lift is decreased.

Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers

Stalls

• Icing can occur in clouds any time the temperature drops below freezing and super-cooled droplets build up on an aircraft and freeze.

Questions / Comments

Lesson Closure - 3 – 2 - 1

3. List 3 things you learned today.

1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson.

2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson.