War on terror and its impact on Pakistan’s Youth: A case ......Mazhar Ali, M.Phil (Scholar) Pakistan Study Center,University of Karachi, Pakistan. Dr. SHOAIB AHMED, Department Of

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015 1673 ISSN 2229-5518

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This article is taken from my M.phil thesis which title was (“War on terror and its

impact on pakistan’s Youth: A case study of union council Bazid Khel, KPK”). I have

done my M.phil in Pakistan Study (2014) from University of Karachi, Pakistan.

AUTHOR(S) PROFILE

1. Name (First Author): Mazhar Ali i. Gender: male ii. Educational Qualification (Highest degree only): m.phil iii. Complete designation: Student

2. Name of the second author: Dr.Shoaib Ahmed (No need of separate sheet):

i. Gender: male ii. Educational Qualification (Highest degree only): P.hd iii. Complete designation:HOD, Department Of Humanities Liberal Arts ,Foundation University,

Rawalpandi 3. Name of the second author: Muhammad Aqeel

(No need of separate sheet):

iv. Gender: Female v. Educational Qualification (Highest degree only): M.PHIL

Complete designation:Lecturer , department of psychology, Foundation University, Rawalpandi 4. 5. Address for Communication: MUHAMMAD AQEEL Mohallah Qazian wala house no. 355 near

telephone exchange ,Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan: pin Code:36050

6. Mobile Number: +92 334 6278961

7. E-mail ID : (Editorial comments will be sent through email only)

I/We declare that this article is my/our original research work and has not published/ submitted in any journal/book/conference or seminar proceedings. I/We agree the copyright terms and conditions of this Journal.

Date: Signature of the First Author

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“War on terror and its impact on Pakistan’s Youth:

A case study of union council Bazid Khel, KPK”

Mazhar Ali , Dr.Shoaib Ahmed, Muhammad aqeel Mazhar Ali, M.Phil (Scholar) Pakistan Study Center,University of Karachi, Pakistan. Dr. SHOAIB AHMED, Department Of Humanities Liberal Arts ,Foundation University, Rawalpandi Muhammad Aqeel, department of psychology, Foundation University, Rawalpandi

Abstract

The study was conducted to know the impacts of the war on terror on social,

economic, business, agricultural and especially its socio-psychological repercussions

on educated youth of the local community. The main objectives of the study work are

to know about the socio psychological impacts of WoT on the people of District

Peshawar “UC Bazid Khel”. To highlight the destructions caused by the terrorist acts

in infrastructure, health sector and particularly in educational sector. The study is also

aimed at exploring the losses of the local peoples’ in agriculture sector and business

including impacts of war on terror on common people (layman, government servants

and students).Data was collected through questionnaires from the respondents’ i.e.

educationalists, politicians, local leaders, religious scholars, government officials,

civilians and the participants of war on terror against the banned terrorist group,

Lashkar-e-Islam.The study was undertaken to highlights the impacts of War on Terror

on the educated youth and to provide suggestions / feedback to government / non-

governmental organizations (NGOs) about the situation in the target area to take

practical steps in order to normalize the situation.Major finding of the research shows

that most of the people of the area are employed in agriculture, doing government

service, businesses and receiving foreign remittances from their near and dear ones

from abroad. The research also shows that the situation has affected the social fabric

of society, health facilities, infrastructure, education and agriculture of the areas. The

research further revealed that militants killed the politician, tribal elders or khans, and

government’s employees, army personnel, WAPDA personnel, LHVs and other

prominent community members as well as banned recreational and traditional

activities. The terrorists have their own agenda irrespective of Islam or nationalism.

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INTRODUCTION

This subdivision deals with review to conceptual clearance of theoretical

framework and highlight socio-psychological impacts related to War on Terror

(WoT), particularly on Pakistanis youth and generally on the whole society.

Terrorism: To commence, it looks pertinent to outline the term terrorism and learn at

its etymology1. Terror comes from the Latin word terrere, which implies “frighten” or

“tremble.” whereas isme is French word which means “to practice”, by combining

these 2 words is give the meaning of “practicing the trembling” or “causing the

frightening”. The word terror is regarding 2100 years previous. In ancient Rome, the

terror cimbricus was a state of panic and emergency in response to the approaching of

the Cimbre Tribe killers in 105 B.C 1 (Burgess 2003). The word “terrorism” was

coined throughout the French Revolution’s “Reign of Terror” (1793-94). Within this

Terror’s Reign, a gaggle of rebel referred to as the Jacobines, used this term for

themselves (Matusitz 2013). Terrorism is considered to be a very confusing term.

Divergent views are available about this term, that is, one person’s terrorism is

another person’s freedom fight. Terrorism means to “violate or to go against the

socially accepted norms or to misuse them” (Oxford English Dictionary 2008). It is

the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence2 and intimidation in the pursuit of

political aims. Terrorism may be described as a “strategy of violence against the

government” (Charles 2002). According to Michael “Terrorism is the state of fear

created through the act of violence” (Michael 2007).

War on Terror (WoT). It is also called Global War on Terrorism (Dobrot. 2007).

Academically it's thought the foremost difficult task to outline terrorism as a

minimum acceptable term. Similarly, the war against terrorism can’t be outlined in a

very single word or sentence. To find what War on Terror (WoT) is, it is important to

look at the etymology of this expression. On September 16, 2001 at Camp David, the

former president of the United States George W Bush coined this phrase “war on

terror” (CNN 2001) for the first time. This term was used for the military campaign

1The etymology of a word refers to its origin and historical development: that's, its earliest proverbial use, its transmission from one language to a different, and its changes in kind and that means. Etymology is the branch of linguistics that studies word histories (Greenburg and Ruhlen 2007). 2 Violence is an extreme form of aggression, such as assault, rape or murder. (association 2014).

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led by US, UK with the support of NATO and non-NATO countries to eliminate Al-

Qaeda3 and their supporter organizations (Record 2003). In March 2009, the

Department of Defense4 changed its name officially from as “Global War on Terror”

to the “Overseas Contingency Operations” (Belasco 2011).

Research Problem

It has been observed that war on terror has negative socio-psychological impacts

(Hussain 2013) on Pakistani youth. WoT adversely affected education, health,

agriculture, and socio fabric of the community. It has seen that we, the government

and the educationists are providing hatchery5 to both terrorism and to the War on

Terror.

Background of the Study

Bazid Khel is strategically an important territory. It’s a front line region against

terrorists particularly those are entering Peshawar via Dara Adam Khel, Tehsil Bara,

North and South Waziristan. The terrorists infiltrate from the tribal areas especially

Bara. They cross Bara River.6 Two Bridges have been constructed on the river in UC

Bazid Khel. The people of Bazid Khel never let the members of Lashkar-i-Islam to

cross these bridges.

The people of this area are united against the terrorists and form their own

group, named Aman Lashkar Bazid Khel. This Aman Lashkar was formed in response 3 Alternatively spelled al -Qaida, a global militant religionist organization based by Osama bin Laden in Peshawar, in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, between August 1988 and late 1989, with its origins being traceable to the Soviet War in Islamic State of Afghanistan. It operates as a network comprising international, stateless army and radical Muslim movement career for international Jihad and a strict interpretation of sharia law. (Al-Qaeda 2013). 4 The mission of the United States Department of Defense is to provide the military forces needed to deter war and to protect the security of US. The department's headquarters is at the Pentagon, United State. It is abbreviated as DoD, it formulate the defense policies, organizations, functions and operations. (DoD 2013). DoD is the federal office of the govt of the us charged with coordinating and superintendence all agencies and functions of the govt involved directly with national security and also the us military.

5 A hatchery is a facility where eggs are hatched under non-natural circumstances, particularly those of fish or poultry. 6 Bara River is a stream in Khyber Agency and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The Bara stream originates within the Tirah vale of Bara Tehsil, Khyber Agency. It joins the kabul watercourse Canal that originates from the Warsak Dam, and enters Peshawar. Then it flows within the North-easterly direction to the Nowshera District, eventually combine the kabul river close to Camp Koruna, Akbarpura. Because of its higher elevation, terribly restricted areas flow through gravity into Bara River (Research survey 2011).

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of Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI). LeI is a banned terrorist group based in Sepayo Area, Tehsil

Bara of Khyber Agency. The group is headed by Mangal Bagh, Hundreds of people

including the political leaders and heads of Aman Lashkar have been killed during the

last few years in target killings and bomb blasts. Two year before, in 2009, head of

the Aman Lashkar Sardar Abdul Malik of Mattani7 was also killed in a suicide attacks

by terrorists. In a same incident, 80 persons were killed in the twin blasts in the

funerals in Mattani area (Siasitv 2012). According to the Daily Mushriq and The

Daily Aaaj Peshawar, ten attacks were carried out to kill Nazim of UC Bazid Khel.

“Three suicides and seven other attacks have been conducted on Nazim Faheem

killing 48 persons in total and injured more than hundred peoples” (Killing of Aman

Lashkar sarbara 2012) . It is considered that the peoples of this area have given a lot

of sacrifices for the restoration of peace in the locality against the banned LeI. In fact

the fight of the dwellers of this area against the terrorists was a part of that war on

terror which were being committed by the government of Pakistan (GoP).

These activities frightened the local people of these UCs as well from the

Islamic extremists on one hand, and weakened their trust and belief in the government

institutions and officials on the other. The crushing adventures whether in the name of

talibanization or the operations against the terrorists in Bara Tehsil of Khyber agency

left the common people with no option other than suspecting the intentions of the

government and secret agencies of the country as well as abroad. In this situation, the

socio-economic and socio-psychological uplift of the rural community suffered a lot

and consequently some of the local population had to migrate from their villages to

nearby locations in the settled area of district Peshawar. These situations negatively

impact the education of the youth and weakened the social fabric of society.

Significance of the Study

7 Sardar Abdul Malik neck name Malikay was the former head and Nazim of Union Council Village Mattani, Peshawar. He was contemporary to Nazim Faheem. He was the Head of Aman Lashker Mattani as well.

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All over the world managing terrorism, counter terrorism and war against

terror is one of the most challenging tasks taken up by the human race. Terrorism in

any shape is worse and it requires great efforts to deal with it. Millions of people

suffer due to terrorism in every nook and corner of the world. Mankind needs to find

ways and means to deal with terrorism. Practitioners, experts, publishers highlighted

the different concept and issues related to these terror, generate survey reports,

provide solutions and suggest training in different areas regarding counter terrorism

and war on terror. The studies shows that proactive approach is needed to overcome

the greater loss and counter the terrorism in better ways. However, the reactive

approach reveals the true picture. For the war on terror, a comprehensive policy is

needed at the national levels in order to manage the affectees, who lose everything in

these terrible events. It is really hard to control terrorism but still arrangements can be

made to minimize the loss of human beings in any shape whether it is physical or

socio-psychological.

During the war against terror between Aman Lashkar and LeI, it has been

observed that the performance of the local people and non-governmental sector in

managing counter terrorism is far better than that of government sector, besides there

was a lack of coordination between both the sectors. However, neither the government

nor the non-government sectors (Local Lashkars) have the ability to deal with such

tragic events of terrorism. A comprehensive strategy needs to be evolved, which

defines the role of government in addressing and consolidating the funds for the

affectees in result of war against terror.

This research work will enhance the knowledge of the people about the

participation of the Aman Lashkars in the war against terrorism at macro level in

general and specifically the sacrifices done by the Aman Lashkar Bazid Khel at micro

level. This research will reveal a true picture to guide the government to revisit its

policies about the WoT to avert or at least minimize the sufferings of innocent

peoples. The government and the law enforcement agencies can make their policies

on the bases of this research to curb terrorism and establish the writ of the government

in all the area of KP. The government can make effective policies in education to

improve the literacy rate in the war affected areas on the bases of the result of this

research work and in this way they can stop the youth to become the hatchery of

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terrorism. The maps which have been developed by the scholar in this thesis can help

the government to design their strategic line against the terrorists and can make the

moral of the people high.

Vast area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been badly affected by the recent

events of terrorism. Business had to face an irreparable loss. Population living in these

areas had to watch their houses blown up. Such were the miseries of these people.

And then came the response by Government institutes. Sometime the government’s

stakeholders were swift but in few cases their response had to be awaited for long.

This Case Study is an effort to highlight the impacts of the terrorism and war on terror

on youth in UCs Bazid Khel of KP region. Here it must be emphasized that, influence

of the said misfortune and response to it was more or less the same all over Pakistan.

Method

This research aims to evaluate the educational impact of war on terror on the

Pakistanis youth in the UC Bazid Khel, District Peshawar. It is based upon the

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assumption that terrorism as well as war against terrorism adversely affects the socio-

psychological behavior of the Pakistani youth. The purpose of this research is to relate

WoT as an important factor in the declining of social fabric of community in the study

area of Union Councils Bazid Khe of District Peshawar.

The main objectives of the research study are that to identify the problems

of the laymen and particularly of the youth in the area under research in order to

facilitate the affected people. This study will analyze the consistency level between

the Aman Lashkar and the Government in providing relief to the victims of terrorism.

We will examine the level of implementation of government policies regarding War

on Terror. It will be tried to find out the issues prevailing among the Government and

the affected people in the targeted area.

Objectives

The main objectives of the study were:

a) To enlist the effective ways in reducing the impact of WoT.

b) To measure the impact of WoT in the sector of education, health and

agriculture specifically by focusing on the youth of the area.

c) To assess the socio-psychological impacts of WoT on socio fabric of

the community.

d) To develop public policies and recommendations suggestions towards

advocacy input for WoT.

Sample

The data required for the study was collected from all categories of the people in the

target area, for this purpose we select 150 respondents from Bazid Khel in District

Peshawar. Purposive sampling technique was used based cross-section design.

Instruments.

The researcher designed survey questionnaire for data collection. Organized

focus group discussions and arranged interviews of the prominent members of

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society. Other respondents were the male and female students, educationalist, political

leaders, traditional leaders, religious scholar, civilians, members of Aman Lashkar

Bazid Khel and government officials i.e. police, doctors and administrators etc.

War on Terror in Respect of Pakistan

“The war on terror has had negative political, economic and social

repercussions for the country and especially for the province of Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa” (Essay Forum 2014). Pakistan participated in the WoT against the Al-

Qaeda and its cohorts under compulsion. As aftermath of battle in Afghanistan in the

mountain of Tora Bora8, the official deployment was commenced by the Pak Army, in

2002. The XI Corps under the command of Lieutenant-General Ali Jan Orakzai

entered the Valley of Tirah in the Northern part of Khyber Agency for the first time

since Pakistan’s freedom in 1947. It was the first time that Pakistan Army took part in

the WoT directly. The troops proceeded to maneuver into the Shawal valley of North

Waziristan, and later South Waziristan. The naval Special Service Group (SSG)

established the intelligence activity base and commenced to watch the suspicious

activities within the area. The troubles mounted as the Tribes began to visualize

Army's readying and continual Air Force's flights within the region as an act of

suppression (Imran Khan and Waziristan Sunday, 26 August 2012).

Three military bases that were PAF Base Shahbaz (Jaccob Abad, Sindh), Pasni

(situated at Kostal highway 100 kilo meter before the Gawader Port in District

Baluchistan) and PAF Base Shamsi (situated near Pak-Afghan border in Zoob) were

handed over to the US Marine for the purpose of using them against the hideouts of

Al-Qaeda (Woodward 2002). President Pervaz Musharaf9 while addressing the nation

and also in his memoir In the Line of Fire described this scenario as the “war game”

(Musharraf 2004) As a result of this war, many Al-Qaeda members were killed in

Afghanistan and those who survived, fled to Pakistan. Neither was there any place for

those survivals in their own country; nor were they being accepted by their other

8 Tora bora, known locally as Spīn Ghar, is a cave complex situated in the White Mountains of eastern Afghanistan, in the Pachir Wa Agam District of Nangarhar province, approximately 50 km west of the Khyber Pass. (Forney Teusday, Dec 11, 2011)

9 Chief Executive and 10th President of Pakistan from 12 October, 1999 to 18 August 2008.

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neighboring countries. Iran is a shiah country, having ideological problems with the

sunni government of Taliban. Therefore, Tehran didn’t permit any refugees from

Afghanistan to enter Iran beside to a few refugee camps which were situated near

Iran- Afghan border. Russia was also the foe of these so-called terrorists because she

fought a combat for ten years with them. Thus Russia did not allow them as well to

enter their county. Northern Alliance was spread in the North and North-West of

Afghanistan, due to them the Taliban were unable to move to Uzbekistan, Tajikistan

or Turkmenistan situated in the North and North-West of Afghanistan. Forgone in

view, the only place left with them was Pakistan. As the cultural values, civilization,

language, religious beliefs, veil system, marriage and many customs of Afghan

Pattans and the people living in the adjacent areas to Afghanistan inside the Pakistani

territory are the same. The peoples of K.P at the adjacent terrains are renowned for

their hospitality. So the refugees from Afghanistan were warmly welcomed by the

people of K.P but not by the government of Pakistan.

According to Joshua Philipp as Pakistan was a free heaven for those refugees,

they started reorganizing themselves in this country (Philipp February, 2011). These

organizations started their activities inside Pakistan. They considered Pakistani

government’s as an ally of United States. Therefore, they targeted the government

installations, schools, buildings and the civilian gatherings. In response, Pakistan

army started their operation in the areas where these miscreants challenged

government writ. Operation “Rah-e-Rast” started in Swat valley in May 2009 and in

June 2009 operation “Rah-e-Nijat” started in South Waziristan (Dr Ahmad Rashid

Malik June 24, 2009). These military operations were the part of that WoT which

were being committed by George W Bush at Camp David.

WoT means an armed fight by the government against the extreme fear for the

purpose of eliminating terrorism with its roots from the society. It caused more agony,

death and devastation to the inhabitants of Pakistan than any other nation on the

globe. Accordance to Farhad Karim, 328,456 peoples from Swat district were

registered as IDPs10. 175 schools were destroyed and 226 damaged out of 1576 due to

which education was badly effected (Karim February, 2012). Tourism also came to an

10 Internally Displaced Peoples

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end in these areas. According to Dr. Noorulhaq, due to the WoT, “whether its

government military offensive, US attacks or a suicide bombing, innocent Pakistanis

always bear the brunt” (Haq December 29, 2008). Whether it is terrorism or counter

terrorism, damages to the civilian peoples are on the height. Those peoples die who

have no concerned with the terrorism and war on terror.

Impacts on Pakistan

• According to a survey 80% of the people were not in fevour of the operations

in PATA while 20% consider that the present terrorism is due to the

participating of Pakistan in WoT (Rana 2009). The operations were supposed

as a warning to the influence of the leaders of the locality and customary tribal

standards.

• By the end of 2009, more than 428000 had registered as IDPs alone from

South Waziristan. These IDPs were reluctant to return home after the end of

operations due to fear of terrorist and poor economic conditions. 2,500,000

were registered IDPs from Swat in IDPs camps in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa where

women and children suffered terribly (Zia 2009).

• The operation deprived the students from the right to education. Militants

demolished 200 schools in Swat.

• According to UNFPA, 69000 pregnant women were also among the IDPs

from Swat and were living in IDPs Camps in KP (Daily Dawn, Islamabad

2009).

• The operations have extremely effect the socio-psychological fabric of society.

Whole society of the country has been psychologically impacted in general

and the people of direct effected areas in particular.

• The operation adversely impacted the economy of the country. Pakistan has

loss $45Bil since the tragic incident of 9/11 on the military operations. Foreign

investment decreased, factories closed in war zones, tourism face sever losses,

export declined and agriculture fields loss which ultimately rise in inflation.

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• PA (Political Agent) established links with Malik and Khans for good

Administration in agencies. As the militants kills Maliks and Khan which

make the administrative system ineffective and weakened in these areas.

• Security problems also increased. Pakistan Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS)

reported 657 attacks in 2006 which killed 907 people and injured more than

1500 (Wasim, Terrorism dogs Pakistan in ‟06: Over 900 killed in 657 attacks

2007). According to Pakistan Security Report 2009 which was published by

PIPS in 2009, 2586 terrorists, insurgent and sectarian incidents were recorded

that kill 3021 citizens and wounded 7334 (Wasim, Over 12,800 militants

caught in 2009 2010).

AMAN LASHKAR BAZID KHEL AND LASHKAR-E-

ISLAM

Unrest in the Area

Bazid Khel is a front line area against the terrorists for those who are entering from

Dara Adam Khel, Bara Agency, North and West Waziristan to the main installations

of the government in the provincial capital of Peshawar. The people of this area have

been united against the terrorist groups and form their own alliance, named Aman

Lashkar. This Lashkar formed in response of LeI. LeI11 is a banned Terrorist Group in

Khayber Agency at Tehsil Bara; Mangal Bagh is the leader and head of this group.

Hundreds of people including the leaders and head of the Anam Lashkar have been

killed during the last few years in target killing and bomb blasts by LeI. In the

suburban Badbher area of Peshawar a suicide bomber blow himself up at a burial

ceremony, killing 17 persons and injuring 32 others (Fidayeen (Suicide Squad)

Attacks in Pakistan 2012). Nine attacks were also being conducted on Faheem Khan,

the Nazim of Union council Bazid Khel. During these nine attacks a total number of

48 people were being killed and hundreds injured. The people of this area have given

a lot of sacrifices for the restoration of peace in the locality against the banned LeI. In

11 Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI) is a militant group active in the Khyber Agency of Pakistan. In 2004 it was led by Haji Namdar and Mufti Shakir, the group began as an anti-Barelvi sectarian group in 2004 (khan 2009)

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fact the fight of the dwellers of this area against the terrorists was a part of that war on

terror which were being committed by the government.

3.3 A Short History of Lashkar-e-Islam

LeI was supported and antecedently led by fundamentalist ecclesiastic Mufti Munir

Shakir. Shakir was a Deobandi Sunni and a superb speaker. In 2003-04 when being

ejected from Kurram Agency by social group elders for inciting sectarian hostility

followed by a masjid bombing, he moved to Khyber Agency. He became domestically

famed in Khyber Agency throughout the aforesaid period for his support of a strict

Moslem way that resonated with residents within the poor and neglected area. He

established an FM pirate radio station, exploiting this vehicle; he began to push his

non secular beliefs, based mostly in Deobandi theology. Among his additional

disputable pronouncements was his alleged statement that opium (Doda, Afume) is

halal, provided it's made and used for medical functions (M. Mufti June, 2012).

In 2005, Shakir's supporters clashed with supporters of a rival religious movement

chief Pir Saifur Rehman and a number of other individuals were killed. Shakir then

formally organized his followers into LeI for defense and enlargement. The hostilities

reached to its peak around 29 March, 2006 when many Shakir's followers gathered

within the Badshahkili, neighborhood of Bara tehsil, to attack Pir's followers. Personal

FM radio stations were originated by these completely different groups to

propagandize the native people. Thus began the "Talibanization12 " of Khyber

Agency.

It is believed that “the religious extremism is the major cause of terrorism in the

world and especially in Pakistan” (Muhammad 2007) Shakir was considered to be a

religious extremist and fundamentalist. He set up his own Islamic court. He formed

equipped militiamen from LeI who was acted as police in Tehsil Bara and

surrounding areas. These militiamen were additionally a significant hub within the

Pak-Afghan importation system. Smuggling was measured as tijarat which isn't

forbidden in Islam. Road checkpoints were setup and opponents of this cluster were

12 Talibanization is a term coined following the rise of the Taliban movement in Afghanistan referring to the process where other religious groups or movements come to follow or imitate the strict practices of the Taliban (Alsayyad 2007)

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terrorized and had their homes looted by the militiamen. “People suspect of

prostitution, gambling, witchcraft, or different un-Islamic activities were molested and

generally kidnapped. Praying at the city masjid 5 times on a daily basis became

necessary. The armed men additionally stop working colleges and schools in Bara”

(Military 2008).

The government finally cracked down in 2007 and sent in troops to inflate LeI's

Moslem courthouse. In an event involving militiamen, government troops and civilian

protestors, a minimum of six folks were shot dead. Afterwards, Shakir was inactive

and the other Taliban chief was banished. At that time, Shakir's student, Mangal Bagh

Afridi, took management of LeI. He has been titled as “Haji Amir Manghal Bagh” (T.

News 2008) by some of Pakistani newspapers. Mangal is from the Bara tehsil, and

belongs to the Sepah Afridi tribe. The government then declared LeI to be an illegal

organization.

According to a research of Pakistan Institute of Peace Studies (PIPS) “LeI have about

18 commanders who have been assigned their area of operation. Prominent

commanders with their areas of operation include: Safoor Afridi (Naray Baba Ziarat),

Rehmat Shah (Shah Dheri), Mutabar Khan (Galooch), Qandhar (Akakhel), Misre-i-

Khan (Akakhel), Dr Akhtiar (Malikdinkhel) and Mohammad Hussain (Sholabar).

Besides this, Maulana Siraj heads the fatwa wing, while Haji Zar Afridi is the

spokesman of the group” (Muhammad Amir Rana 2010).

Mangal claims that LeI has 10,000 men at arms and could muster another 120,000 if

needed (Globelsecurity.org 2011). According to South Asian Terrorism Portal Mangal

also claimed on April 17, 2008, that LeI has over 180,000 volunteers in Khyber

Agency (Detail of Terrorists Updates 2008).

The question is that how Mangal increased his men so rapidly to 10, 000 men? Were

the people in Bara so idle or they were so impress by him? We need to look into the

history of these militants. In the president Zia regime, Pakistan become productive

land for the rebellious groups where extremist mentality promote both by the

Pakistani rule and anticommunist counties like US, to attract the youth to battle

against the former USSR forces in Afghanistan. “The world super powers encouraged

the revolutionary organizations to uphold the culture of Jihad to defeat Russian

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communism” (Mukhtiar, PCS Guide, Maktaba-e-Faridi 2003)The world powers

especially US and Britain provide their massive support to the administration of

Pakistan and associated radical organizations in the form of currency, armaments and

ethical support. Former Foreign minister of United States of America, Hillary Clinton

said that “After the evacuation and disintegration of Russia, these militant groups

scattered. The international community pulled back its support from these militants”

(Clinton, PTV News 2009). These militant groups which were extremely imaginative

in terms of funds and military hardware started to fight against each other for their

own interest.

As a result of this fight, many members of these groups were killed in Afghanistan

and those who survived, fled to Pakistan. Neither was there any place for those

survivals in their own country; nor were they being accepted by their other

neighboring countries. Iran was a shiah country, therefore they didn’t permit any

refugees from Afghanistan to enter Iran except a few and they were confined to their

refugee camps. Russia was also the foe of these so-called terrorists because she fought

a combat for ten years with them. Therefore, Russia did not allow them as well to

enter their county. Northern Alliance was spread in the North and North-West of

Afghanistan, due to them these militants were unable to move to Uzbekistan,

Tajikistan or Turkmenistan situated in the North and North-West of Afghanistan.

Forgone in view, the only place left with them was Pakistan. As the cultural values,

civilization, language, religious beliefs, veil system, marriage and many customs of

Afghan Pattans and the people living in the adjacent areas to Afghanistan inside the

Pakistani territory were the same. The peoples of K.P at the adjacent terrains are

renowned for their hospitality. So the refugees from Afghanistan were warmly well

come by the people of K.P but not by the government of Pakistan.

As Khyber agency is adjacent to Afghanistan and government writ13 does not exist

there so it was a free heaven for many of the militants, they started reorganizing

themselves here in this area. As Mangal Bagh develops its army, many of these

militants join them for their own cause so the Lashkar of Bagh increases so rapidly.

13 Writ is a formal written order issued by a government entity in the name of sovereign power. In most cases this government entity is a court. Two kinds of writs are there warrants and prerogative writs.

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In late June 2008, Pakistani Frontier Corps conducted a major operation in Bara

targeting LeI. Mangal was apparently forewarned of the invasion and captive to a

secure space from that he ordered his supporters to stay in situ and not resist. Many

hundred armed members of the organization had showed up within the town,

presumably for a confrontation with the authorities, however they spread at Mangal's

order. The govt forces encountered no issues and destroyed one or two of homes and

hideouts that were purportedly getting used by LeI, beside a pirate FM station. Native

folks gave the impression to support LeI and a few claimed that the operation was a

token affair that concealed an alliance between Mangal and the Pakistani government.

The troops in agreement to depart a short whereas later once Bara elders agreed to not

enable LeI extend its operations beyond the Khyber Agency (R. Khan April 2010).

According to John Pike, in November 2008, LeI broke the promise which they made

with the government by transporting a truck load of militiamen into Peshawar to close

an alleged nightclub. The police intercept the automobile before it could get to its

target, and they gunshot one militant and detained one more while the others fled back

to Khyber Agency (Pike 2008).

According to Khyber News “Now-a-days Mangal is somewhere in the Valley of Tera.

But members of Lashkar-e-Islam are still in Bara and different areas of Khyber

Agency” (K. News 2012).

The first encounter took place between LeI and Aman Lashkar on “Wednesday,

February 04, 2009 in Mohalla Arbab Khel of Bazid Khel area, 9 people from LeI

killed, 3 FC men loss their lives while one person from the Qomi Lashkar seriously

injured during an unsuccessful attempt of abducting Nazim Bazid Khel Faheem Khan.

According to the policemen, the leader of LeI called nazim Faheem and warn him of

kidnapping” (The Daily Aaaj February 07, 2009).

A Short History of Aman Lashkar

According to the Daily Aaj Peshawar, law and order situation is versant in Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa and especially is Peshawar. There is a civil war situation in the city.

“Peoples from different hamlets in the suburb of Peshawar are disappointed from

police and law enforcement agencies and are forming their own Aman Lashkars

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(Groups for peace). These Aman Lashkars are resisting those terrorist who are coming

from tribal areas” (The Daily Aaaj February 07, 2009.)

The elders of Mattani, adezai, Badaber, Masho Khel, Masho Gagar, Sheikh

Muhammadi, Musa Zai, Sarband, Landi Akhun Muhammad, Bahadur Kalay and

Hazar Khani have make their own Lashkars against the terrorists and miscreants. The

main purpose of these Lashkars is to control law and order situations in their localities

and to resist the terrorists coming from Bara and Dara Agencies. People are

compelled to take arms against the terrorist parallel to their business and jobs.

People living within the suburbs of Peshawar on 5th Feb, 2009 urged the govt. to

make sure protection to individuals from the Bara-based LeI of Mangal Bagh,

otherwise they themselves would go to war against activists of those debarred cluster

(Group, tribesmen vow to takeup arms against Mangal Bagh 2009).

Speaking during a group discussion at the residence of the Bazid Khel’s nazim,

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly Deputy Speaker Khushdil Khan expressed concern

over the increasing incidents of seizure of individuals from the suburbs of Peshawar

and termed it a challenge to the government’s legal instrument. It was the first

meeting of the people of Bazid Khel in forming Aman Lashker where they raised

slogans of unity against criminals and vowed to fight until death for shielding their

localities. Later, the people of the locality in 35 vehicles patrol roads in different

places and showed team spirit in opposition to the Terrorists and Mangal Bagh`s

organization. Thus Aman Lashkar of Bazid Khel formed in this grand jurga (The

Daily Aaaj February 07, 2009).

Aman Lashkar under the Umbrella of WoT

American Military Central Commander General Petraeus14 has repeated and impose

his experience of Iraq here in forming Lashkars in the Tribal areas of Pakistan. He

suggested forming such Lashkars which resist and terminate the terrorist Groups

14 David Howell Petraeus served as Director of the Central intelligence service from 6 Sep 6, 2011 till his resignation on 9 November 9, 2012. Assuming his forward the directorship of the United States intelligence agency, Petraeus was a extremely embellished four-star general, serving over thirty seven years within the u. s. Army.

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coming from the tribal areas. These Lashkars will be supported by funds and arms by

the government (Mansoor 2013). Colonel Dobrot15 also suggests the same

philosophy about combating such terrorists groups. In his book he recommends that

the United States strategy should focus on the root causes of Islamic hostility, the US

should combat radical Islam from within the Islamic community by consistently

supporting the efforts of moderate Islamic nations to build democratic institutions that

are acceptable in Islamic terms (Dobrot 2007).

Forming of such groups can inculcate local enmity and civil war. Such as, the

February 4th, 2009 incident at Bazid Khel is one of the examples of this strategy. After

the assassination of 9 volunteers of LeI in Bazid Khel, the leader of the Lashkar worn

the people of Bazid Khel about the sever consequences. In response of that incident

on 18th February the hujra of the said nazim was targeted in a car bomb explosion

where six people were killed and 17 were injured.

According to the Daily Mashriq Peshawar “When the terrorist’s activities increased in

the surrounding areas of Peshawar the government declared Nazim Faheem as chief

of the Aman Lashkar Bazid Khel” (The Daily Mashriq June 28, 2012). After it, the

govt was supporting this group by material and intelligence sharing which shows the

government patronization of the Aman Lashkar.

Terrorist’s Attacks and the Emergence of Nazim Faheem

“Three suicides and seven other attacks have been conducted on Nazim Faheem

killing 48 persons in total and injured more than hundred peoples” (Killing of Aman

Lashkar sarbara 2012). In result of these attacks he becomes prominent among the

people and media.

The battle between LeI and Aman Lashkar has devastated the social fabric of society

and increased an uncertainty in the study area. Many people of the area have lost their

15 Colonel Laurence Andrew Dobrot is the former Deputy Director for the Missile Defense Agency’s Airborne Laser Program. He was commissioned into the U.S. Air Force in 1985 through Air Force ROTC. Colonel Dobrot has served on the Air Staff in the Pentagon supporting Home Land Defense, the Joint Requirement Oversight Council, and a tour of duty in Afghanistan.

IJSER




life and house ruined. The war affects the people socio-psychologically. Economy and

education badly affected. War was converse instead of educational and positive

discussions in the learning institutions. Killing of 48 peoples mean the demoralizing

of 48 families for life time. As a whole the war has badly impacted the study area.

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Source: Developed during the study survey 2011-12

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Location = 33.95°N 71.57E°

Total Population = 69755 (Census 1998 Peshawar, Basic Population

and Housing Data by Union Councils 1998)

Total Area = 1546 Acre

“Mouza Bazid Khel = 794 Acre, Mouza Ahmed Khel = 752 Arce” (1998 District

census report of Peshawar, Census Publication No.33 table 39, P192 August, 1999)

Total No of Schools = 36 (Annual Statistic Report of Govt Schools

March, 2010)

No of Primary Schools = 33

No of Middle Schools = Nil

No of High Schools = 03 (1 Govt School while 2 are running by the

privet sector)

No of Religious Madaris = 33 (Area Micro Plane Sheet 2010)

No of Jamia Masques = 43

No of Hospitals = 01

No of Bata Khasht = 03

UC counsil Bazid is predominantly a cultivated area. It is located along the bank of

River Bara. Total population of this area is 64,877. Strategically UC Bazid Khel is an

important vicinity because it is accommodated PAF Camp Badaber, the main supply

depot to all PAF Bases, a surveillance station, and the base of Balloon Barrage

Courses. Bazid Khel is a front line region against the terrorists for those who are

entering from Dara Adam Khel, Tehsil Bara, North and West Waziristan to the main

installation of the government in the provincial capital of Peshawar. This UC is rich in

term of natural and manpower resources.

Flow Diagram of Research Data

Qualitative Data

Quantitative Data

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Data collected both through qualitative and quantitative methods. Many focused

group discussions being carried out among different participants of war on terror,

members of Aman Lashkar and local peoples of the target area. Some of the data were

collected and narrated through direct observation and monitoring different scenarios.

The quantitative data were being collected with the help of survey questionnaires

through random sampling techniques. The out come of all these efforts reflect in the

Focused Group

Discussion

Direct Observation

& Monitoring

Survey, Questionnaire

Impacts of War on Terror on the youth (Educated youth) IJSER




shape of impacts of the war on terror on the lay men and especially on the youth

particularly educated youth.

Figure 5.2: Key Words of the Thesis

Both data collection techniques were based on the above three variables i.e. War on

terror, Pakistani youth and the targeted area of UC Bazid Khel shows in the above

figure. These are the three main figure around which the research is revolving.

Sampling

UC Bazid Khel is comprised of three villages; it has been divided in three clusters that

are Village Bazid Khel, Ahmed Khel and Marozai. Total targeted registered

population is 64,877. People of bazid khel are demographically same; they are

homogenous; having approximately same pay group and same culture. UC Bazid khel

is comprised of three villages each village have 19, 11 and 16 Mohallas or sub

divisions respectively. A total of 46 mohallas are taken out of three villages. Sampling

is taken on the basis of the strength of each village. With random sampling the

researcher picked two persons from every mohalla of village Bazid Khel and got 37

respondents. In village Ahmed Khel we took 4 persons from each mohalla and got 44

respondents from this sub-division. In village Marozai we took 4 persons from each

mohalla too and got 69 respondents from this sub-division. At this way we got 150

respondents from all the three villages. The conceptual diagram of sampling is as

under.

Organization of the Study Area

Wor on Terror

Pakistani youth

Uc Bazid Khel

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Source: Study Survey 2012-13

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Major Findings:

It is clear that majority of the terrorists were unmarried. Because they thought

themselves free from marriage bond and house hold responsibilities.

Majority of the respondents i.e. 99 (66%) out of 150 were living in the joint families,

which is lead to unemployment and easily enter into terrorism.

All the respondents were literate. The study also show that majority of the

respondents i.e. 145 (97%) out of 150 were graduate. The research reflects that

educated people dislike terrorism and ignorant were behind motive of terrorism.

Majority of the respondents i.e. 48 (32%) out of 150 were unemployed. It is justified

that government does not provide sufficient opportunities for jobs. It is the

unemployed persons who become the fuel of terrorism and war on terror, thus

militancy emerges.

Majority of the respondents' i.e.145 (97%) out of 150 said that the education was

effected due to war on terror and terrorism. The data also shows the reasons that

terrorists oppose education in the study area. It is justified that terrorists targeted the

education because they consider education as anti-Islamic. But in real sense they want

to become ignorant the community and destroy the social fabric of society.

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Greater part of the respondents i.e. 130 (87%) out of 150 said that female education

was effected. The research also show that majority 48 (32%) out of 150 respondents

said that destruction of schools effect the female education in the targeted area.

Terrorists destroyed female education, because according to them it is not compatible

with Islamic Ideology. In fact female education plays a vital role in the development

of any society. An educated mother can look after their baby well, as compared to an

illiterate mother.

Mainstream of the respondents' i.e. 142 (97%) out of 150 says that jobs were affected

by terrorism / WoT while 8 out of 150 respondents were not in favor. The research

also reflects the specific reasons due to which the jobs were affected. 72 (48%) out of

150 respondents select the option that the fear of terrorists stop the people from

getting and performing their jobs well. It is justified that most of people leave the jobs

due to fear of the terrorists, due to which unemployment increased in the area.

Joblessness lays worse impact on the socio psychological behavior, as a result crises

arose.

Majority of the respondents i.e. 139 (97%) out of 150 said that houses were damaged.

The investigation further shows that 90 (60%) out 150 respondents said that houses

were partially damaged. It is justified that most of the houses were damaged partially,

which directly affect on the socio psychological behavior of the community.

Majority of the respondents’ i.e.135 (90%) out of 150 said that the health facilities

were affected due to this ongoing war. The study also represents the causes of damage

to the health facilities. Total 60 (40%) out of 150 respondents said that the health

facilities affect due to the destruction of hospitals. It is justified that health facilities

were greatly affected because there were shortage of medicine, doctors and the most

important thing is that the destruction of hospital. It compels the rural people to

misery living and their life standard decreased which was already very low.

Majority of the respondents i.e. 133 (89%) out of 150 said that the traditional

ceremonial activities were disturbed. The research also reveal the reasons that how

traditional ceremonies affect, 60 (40%) out of 150 respondents said that the people do

not participate in these traditional ceremonial activities due to the fear of terrorists.

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The terrorist banned on traditional ceremonial activities because they want to kill the

existing rich culture of the locality and impose their own barbaric customs.

Majority of the respondents i.e. 80 (53%) out of 150 says that compensation is not

given by the Government, which is a demoralizing factor for the dwellers of the

locality. Some people have been rewarded partially by the government but most of

people were not compensated. It negatively impacted the participant of the (Aman

Lashkar) War on Terror. It decreased their trust level on the government and law

enforcement agencies which ultimately ruins the social fabric of society.

Majority of the respondents i.e. 63 (42%) out of 150 respondents says that people of

the study area took action against terrorists after any action of terrorism conducted by

the terrorists. Some people couldn’t stand against the terrorists due to the lack of the

government support. In a question that why the local people stand against the banned

Lashkar-i-Islam. Majority of the respondent’s i.e. 55 (37 %) out of 150 said that the

people stand against the terrorist for their own safety. 52 respondents i.e. 35% said

that the people stand for the safety of their locality.

Standing of the community’s people against the terrorist was due to the lack of

government support during counter terrorism. No army personnel or police officials

were there who could stand against the banned LeI. No support of the government

strengthened militancy in the area, and thus it ruins the social fabric of society in

terms of faithlessness on government.

Majority of the respondents i.e. 93 (62%) out of 150 were not directly threaten during

terrorism. The research also reflects the reasons of un-employment and the

disturbance of jobs. It is justified that militants threaten the masses with robbery,

killing, kidnapping and most were deprived from jobs. This threatening is a big

obstacle in the way of rural development of a community whether physically or

psychologically.

Majority i.e. 88 (58 %) respondents out of 150 said that the schools were destroyed by

the terrorists because they were challenging the government writ in the target area. It

is justified that the destruction of schools directly effects the education of the students

of the locality. What so ever the reason may be, the destruction of schools negatively

impact the socio psychological behavior of the people.

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Majority of the respondents i.e. 88 (59 %) out of 150 said that militants destroyed the

hospitals and power stations (electric supply line) to surrender the government. It is

also justified that this destruction of militant surrender the people as well as the

government’s writ. Further to press the rural people and crush the development

process.

Majority of the respondent’s i.e. 52 (35 %) out of 150 says that politicians were

important targets for killing. The militants killed the local leaders, khans, army

personnel, and government servants but the most important target were politicians

because politicians and local leaders were direct revival of terrorism in the study area.

Militant were trying to impose their own barbaric ideology and stress the educational

system in the locality.

Majority of the respondents i.e. 128 (85 %) out of 150 considered that the ongoing

terrorism / war on terror is the game of foreign agencies. This assumption of the

people of the study area is based on certain clues, like some of the terrorist when

found dead were without circumciser and the weapons which they were using against

the Aman Lashkar were totally foreign made. It weakens the trust of the local people

on the foreign NGOs that whether they are helping us in war on terror or they help the

terrorists in terrorism.

Majority of the respondents i.e. 85 (57 %) out of 150 said that peace is exist for a

short time only. It is clear to the respondents that peace is for short time. Terrorism

need to be expelled from other corner of the country. If it is not done then there is a

chance that the community will be polluted once again and the terrorists will destruct

the psyche of the rural masses.

Discussion of Findings

The study had been carried out to examine the impacts of War on Terror on education

of Pakistani youth. In addition, the study portrays the true picture of the situation

arises due to war event i.e. terrorism and war on terror in District Peshawar at UC

Bazid Khel. The study focuses on independent variables i.e. terrorism / war on Terror

and dependent variables i.e. Education, Socio-psychological impacts and Social

Fabric of society.

IJSER




The war; whether shaped by the terrorists or the war against terrorism has negative

Impacts on business community, education and also badly impact the socio-

psychological behavior of the people. It also inflamed extremism and joining

extremism tendency.

Drop outs of the students augmented due to war. Instead of educational discussions,

conversation on war increased in schools and colleges which also worsen the situation

in these institutions.

The affectees are psychologically impacted from this war on terror. The people of this

UC have very limited resources. The war increases the stress factor in the people.

Where the patron or sponsor of a family died, their dependents compel to survive at

stress in the rest of their lives. Some of the people lost their jobs and some where their

source of income disturbed. It also enlarged the stress factor on the individual and

family.

This war destroyed the social fabric of society. People are hesitating to help each

other, especially the strangers are not well come by the people of this locality. So the

traditional values are disturbed. Ultimately an uncertainty and chaos is prevailing in

the area.

Terrorist have their own outlines and agenda. They have no associations with the

religion or culture. They are not that traditional Pathan who was having hard stance

on the Pakhtoons cultural values. They are working on their own line of action. Their

agenda had been clear from the attacks on the grid station in March, 2013 in which

they shot 2 police men and slaughter 7 innocent WAPDA personnel. They also shot

dead two lady health worker in the last week of May 2013. Their plan is to destruct

hospitals, educational institutions, infrastructure and the future of our children. They

want to send the society to the dark ages.

This beautiful village with rich cultural values drown in the war of militancy, people

have terrified, politician were killed, same treatments with police, WAPDA personnel

and LHVs etc. Infrastructure and communication have been destroyed. Un-

employment, food shortage, target killing, robbery and kidnappings were common

practices. With every passing day, Taliban is gaining strength by using FM radio

service. Schools, hospitals and roads were targeted. Students are scared to attain

IJSER




schools. Government servants were threatening to leave the jobs and female folk were

strictly banned. There measures will cast dark shade on the people of UC Bazid Khel.

The traditional norms are no more part of the culture in this UC. There were shortage

of medicine, doctors have left hospitals, and innocent people have lost their precious

life. This war against militancy is nothing less than human disaster and destruction.

Awareness comes in the common men; people think that they can’t eliminate the

terrorists, so the only thing which they can is to change their destination and living

places. They can’t change the prevailing situation in the area so they should migrate

from this place where terrorism becomes the norm of the day. When citizens migrate

the meager amongst them compile to inhabit/live on minor piece of land and in risk-

prone places due to the socioeconomic and demographic factors. If the education

system of a society disturbed and destroyed then it will leads to the destruction of the

social fabric and may be a Diaspora.

Conclusion

Terrorism and War on Terror has badly impacted Pakistani society in numerous ways.

The nation and community have suffered severely. Socio-psychologically,

educationally, demographically, economically, politically, religiously, and

internationally it has been adversely affected. The country deserves to be a hub of

harmony and progress. We need to adopt efficient actions for defeating the forces of

terrorism by eliminating its root causes. The hatchery for both the terrorism and war

on terror should be equipped with quality education and awareness campaigns. All

out endeavors, on fronts should be made to put a halt to terrorism.

After every major devastating occurrence, lots of journals, articles, books, reports,

paper work done on the disastrous events but still lack of implementation had been

seen on ground. There is still lack of knowledge, resources, training programs and

mechanism to cope with the situation after greater rate to destruction occurred. This

research describes the prevailing conditions after the clashes occurred between LeI

and Aman Lashkar in the year 2007 to 2012 at UC Bazid Khel. It highlights the policy

feature, which needs to be taken into consideration for the better cause to overcome

greater damages. Moreover it will help to contribute to reduce the socio-psychological

impact of war on terror on society and especially on youth and to diminish their pain

IJSER




and sufferings. It is hoped that this research will help and open doors for the research

scholars in the area of policy study with respect to war on terror.

UC Bazid Khel is still standing as a shield in front of the terrorist coming from the

tribal areas. If God forbid this shield broke then the access of the terrorists will

become so easy to the main installation of KP capital, Peshawar and to the rest of the

country. After that the whole community will be disturb and may be shift from this

area. The whole education system is disturbed in this union council if the same case

will continues then may be the whole society will change their destiny and it may be a

Diaspora.

This is a kind of document which we developed will be an ever lasting contribution

towards the development of the UC Bazid Khel. The map which we developed will be

share with the intelligence agencies, Pakistan army, local administration and we will

give a copy of this map to all of them.

Suggestions / Recommendations

Following steps should be taken to tackle with the problems of adverse impacts of

terrorism and war against terror on the society and especially on youth.

Network of the terrorists should be completely destroyed for the 'root out' of these

evils (terrorists) from the whole country.

Minds of the people should be diverted towards education and other developmental

works. That is only possible if free educational and awareness programs are launched

in the area.

The people who suffer monetary losses should be compensated so that they are able to

get start; this would create a soft corner in the UC Bazid Khel people's hearts for the

government and would be helpful to eradicate terrorism from the target area.

The government and law enforcement agencies should also help to restore traditions

and recreational activities of the target areas, and should arrange festivals and

exhibitions in this UC to attract the people from other areas. Nor this UC has any play

ground neither it has a park for the children recreation. The government should pay

his attention to the construction of such recreational places for the promotion of the

socio-psychological development of the people of this locality.

IJSER




The youth of this UC needs to be engage in some moral activities for the purpose to

avoid them from joining any terrorist group or the government supported groups.

The FC and police check posts are made on the main roads while the terrorists travel

to the established areas of Peshawar by the unpaved ways and in the cultivated lands.

The government should check these points also.

Intelligence depth also needs to be profound in these areas where the terrorists are

living and from where they operate and launch their missions. In areas like Lahore or

Karachi the movement of a stranger is easy as compare to the movement of a

foreigner in the tribal area because they know each other very well. Everyone knows

the entrance of any stranger in the area. Therefore making intelligence depth in such

area is not an easy job. The lack of intelligence depth was also being revealed during

the Operation Mezaan in 2006. The government should hire people from the same

area where these terrorists are living for spreading their intelligence depth.

Electronics and print media can play a vital role in creating awareness campaigns on

educating the peoples by hosting talk shows on currents affairs and removes the

ignorance and should be socialized the people to be not deceived by others.

The tenant and landowner should be compensated and should provide latest and

advanced horticulture technology and latest breeds of hybrids seeds. Gardener should

be providing with quality fruits plants in order to get maximum production.

The BHU (Bazid Khel) should reconstruct as soon as possible, basic healthcare and

health facilities should be provided and actively guarded so that people could have

easy and quick access to these facilities.

Female folk should be providing with equal right and opportunities to strengthen their

role in the society and create well and sound generation. Educational and vocational

scholarship programs should be launched in the target area for both genders. There is

no government girl’s middle and high school in the whole UC, government must

sanction a girl middle/high school for the uplift of female education in the area.

The government should encourage and systematize the people, religious scholars and

local leaders with government's officials to make a better future plan for a safe and

better tomorrow.

IJSER




Foreign and local NGO's should allow for launching the developmental projects on

education, health, sanitation, water supply, infrastructure and agriculture. They should

provide socio-psychological and economic support to the people of UC Bazid Khel as

a peaceful territory once again.

IJSER




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