WAR OF 1812• “The conduct of [the British] Government presents a series

of acts hostile to the United States as an independent and neutral nation. . . . British cruisers have been in the continued practice of violating the American flag on the great highway of nations, and of seizing and carrying off persons sailing under it. . . . We behold, in fine, on the side of Great Britain a state of war against the United States.”

—James Madison• What is Madison’s complaint against Britain? What does

he say Britain has done?• How do you think Madison wants Congress to respond to

this message?

WAR OF 1812

• In the early 1800s, the United States went to war with Great Britain once again. The British had seized American sailors from their ships on the open seas. Many Americans believed the British had encouraged Native Americans to resist settlers in the Northwest Territory. The young United States decided not to let these insults pass without answer.

Essential Question:• What was the impact of the War of 1812 on the

early history of the United States?

War of 1812 – Causes • Tensions between America & Britain• War between Britain & France affects America through

trade blockades (impacts American trade) and impressment (kidnappingof American sailors to work on British ships)

• America passes the Embargo Act (1807): stopped all trade with France and Britain.

• Tecumseh allies Native Americans against settlers, and they later ally with the British

• Andrew Jackson and the War Hawks push for war – war declared June 8, 1812

Look at this political cartoon from the War of 1812. •Who do you see in this picture? •What is happening? •What message do you think the author was trying to send to his audience?

War of 1812 – Causes • Background: Beginning in 1807, Thomas Jefferson’s administration began instituting a series

of laws known as the Embargo Acts that aimed to punish the British for the impressments of American sailors and, later, to keep American merchants from trading with Great Britain and France.

• The worst Embargo Act went into effect December 22, 1807, and all ships in New York harbor headed to any foreign port were forbidden from leaving. (Most snuck out before the ban could be imposed.) The effect in New York was devastating. Just as the city was growing into America’s most flourishing port, it was banned from trading with its biggest partners. Those sailors whose ships couldn’t leave port began growing restless and many wanted to rebel. All the people whose lives relied on shipping began feeling the economic pinch immediately.

• In political cartoons, a snapping turtle named O-grab-me (embargo spelled backwards) quickly came to symbolize the government’s position. The people took to the streets of New York demanding the city do something.

• “You infernal villain. How much longer are you going to keep this…Embargo on to starve us poor people…You must…afford us some kind of relief….I wish you could feel as bad as I do.”- John Lane Jones, letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 8th 1808

• Who do you see in this picture? What is happening? • What message do you think the author was trying to send to his

audience?

What cause of the War of 1812 does this political cartoon reflect?

War of 1812 - During• After defeating France, Britain focused on the war with

America• Battle of Baltimore- Francis Scott Key writes the Star

Spangled Banner• British captured Washington, DC and burned the White

House & Capitol• Battle of New Orleans

JIGSAW• Read the information on your assigned topic. Write a 3- 5 sentence

summary and answer the related questions on google classroom.• Be prepared to share your information with your partner(s).

Star Spangled BannerSong

• Which line of the poem is most powerful or holds the most significance? (round-robin= all must answer)

• Would anyone like to explain his/her choice?• What does the flag symbolize in the poem? • What was the author’s intended purpose for

writing this poem?• How does this poem impact America today?

What impact did Dolly Madison and her actions have on America?

War of 1812 - After• Treaty of Ghent (Dec. 1814) – ended war• no territory changed hands• Lasting effects: – boosted patriotism – national anthem written– contributed to growing regional differences– disrupted trade but led to growth of American

manufacturing & economic growth– broke through Native American power which

cleared the way for further expansion

War of 1812Essential Question:What was the impact of the War of 1812 on the early history of the United States?

HOMEWORK: WESTWARD EXPANSION AND THE WAR OF 1812 POLITICAL CARTOON OR COMIC STRIP

• Option 1: Imagine that you are a political War Hawk OR an American citizen in support of declaring war against the British in 1812. Design a political cartoon that illustrates either your anger against the British OR your frustration with the US government’s solutions to some of the problems caused by British actions (as discussed in class). The cartoon should express your call for action (war).

• Option 2: Draw a comic strip that illustrates the adventures, findings and discoveries made by the Lewis and Clark or Zebulon Pike expeditions. Include in your cartoon a beginning, middle, and an end. Include specific expedition facts in your comic strip. Research if needed!

WRITTEN PORTION: Explain your political carton or comic strip in detail. Answer the following questions on the back:• The problem you selected for the cartoon.• The message that you intended to convey. • The audience• Your design choices

Manifest Destiny

Essential Question:How did the concept of Manifest Destiny impact

Westward Expansion?

Agenda1. Review War of 18122. Share political cartoons/comic strips3. Manifest Destiny- Defined- research

MANIFEST DESTINY What do you think is happening in this photo?

What images do you see? What does the central figure represent or symbolize? Explain.

MANIFEST DESTINY• Examine both the quote and painting with your group. • Work with your group to come up with a definition for the term “Manifest

Destiny”.• Manifest Destiny: Belief that the United States has the right and duty to

expand to the Pacific Ocean.• This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S.

was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory; the belief the U.S. Was "destined" to expand.

• belief in American cultural and racial superiority• this attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and

war with Mexico.• Manifest destiny touched on issues of religion, money, race, patriotism, and

morality

This painting (circa 1872) by called American Progress, is a representation of the modernization of the new west. Here Columbia, personification of the United States, leads civilization westward with American settlers, stringing telegraph wire as she sweeps west; she holds a school book. The different stages of economic activity of the pioneers are highlighted and, especially, the changing forms of transportation. Manifest Destiny

Quickwrite: Do you agree with the idea of Manifest Destiny? Defend your response.

How did we accomplish our “Manifest Destiny?”

Using the map, provide an explanation as to how each section of land on the map was acquired (Oregon Territory, Mexican Cession, Texas Annexation, Gadsden Purchase). Include in your explanation the following information:• Who was President?• How was the territory obtained? Provide a brief summary of the events that led to

America acquiring the territory.• How was the territory used by the United States? How did it benefit and impact the

nation?

Manifest Destiny

Essential Question:How did the concept of Manifest Destiny impact

Westward Expansion?