8/11/2019 Walde Yer

1/4

Waldeyer's tonsillar ringFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lymph: Waldeyer' s tonsillar ring

Regional lymphatics. Waldeyer ring labeled at center top.

Latin anulus lymphoideus pharyngis

Waldeyer's-Pirogov tonsillar ring(or pharyngeal lymphoid ring) is an anatomical term

describing thelymphoid tissuering located in thepharynxand to the back of theoral cavity.

It was named after the nineteenth centuryGermananatomistHeinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von

Waldeyer-Hartz.[1]

The ring consists of (from superior to inferior):

Pharyngeal tonsil(also known as 'adenoids' when infected)

Tubal tonsil(where Eustachian tube opens in the nasopharynx)

Palatine tonsils(commonly called "the tonsils" in the vernacular, less commonly termed "faucial

tonsils")

Lingual tonsils

Some animals, but not humans, have one or two additional tonsils:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharynxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharynxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharynxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_cavityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_cavityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_cavityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Gottfried_von_Waldeyer-Hartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Gottfried_von_Waldeyer-Hartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Gottfried_von_Waldeyer-Hartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldeyer's_tonsillar_ring#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldeyer's_tonsillar_ring#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldeyer's_tonsillar_ring#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_tonsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_tonsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubal_tonsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubal_tonsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_tonsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_tonsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingual_tonsilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingual_tonsilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lymph_node_regions.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingual_tonsilshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_tonsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubal_tonsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal_tonsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldeyer's_tonsillar_ring#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Gottfried_von_Waldeyer-Hartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Gottfried_von_Waldeyer-Hartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_cavityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharynxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin

8/11/2019 Walde Yer

2/4

Soft palate tonsil

Paraepiglottic tonsil

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11082757

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg.2000;54(3):237-41.

The Waldeyer's ring.

Hellings P,Jorissen M,Ceuppens JL.

Source

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.

Peter.Hellings@med.kuleuven.ac.be

AbstractThe palatine tonsils, nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) and lingual tonsil constitute the major part of Waldeyer's

ring or nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), with the tubal tonsils and lateral pharyngeal bands as less

prominent components. The lymphoid tissue of Waldeyer's ring is located at the gateway of the respiratory and

alimentary tract and belongs to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). As tonsils are the first site of

encounter with inhaled and ingested micro-organisms, they are considered the first line of defense against

exogenous aggressors. The generation of B cells in the germinal centers of the tonsil is one of the most

essential tonsillar functions. This manuscript aims to review the anatomy and current knowledge on the

immunologic function of the Waldeyer's ring.

PMID:

11082757

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.php

Adenoids(or pharyngeal tonsils, or nasopharyngeal tonsils) are a massoflymphoid tissuesituated at the very back of the nose, in the roof of thenasopharynx,where thenoseblends into themouth.

Normally, inchildren,they make a soft mound in the roof and posterior wall ofthenasopharynx,just above and behind theuvula.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11082757http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11082757http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Hellings%20P%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Hellings%20P%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Jorissen%20M%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Jorissen%20M%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Jorissen%20M%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Ceuppens%20JL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Ceuppens%20JL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Ceuppens%20JL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoid_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoid_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoid_tissuehttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nasopharynx.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nasopharynx.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nasopharynx.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nose.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nose.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nose.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/mouth.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/mouth.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/mouth.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childrenhttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nasopharynx.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nasopharynx.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nasopharynx.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_uvulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_uvulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_uvulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_uvulahttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nasopharynx.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childrenhttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/mouth.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nose.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/nasopharynx.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoid_tissuehttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.phphttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Ceuppens%20JL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Jorissen%20M%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Hellings%20P%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11082757

8/11/2019 Walde Yer

3/4

Function

Adenoids are part of theimmune system.Like all lymph tissue, they trap infectious

agents likevirusesandbacteria,and they produceantibodies.

Since the adenoids are located at the back of the nasal airway, they provide defenseagainst inhaled substances.

This function decreases with age as the adenoids shrink. Becauseadenoids doordinarily shrink by late childhood, the problems caused by enlargedadenoids rarely occur in adults.

Pathology

Enlarged adenoids, oradenoid hypertrophy,can become nearly the size of aping pongballand completely block airflow through the nasal passages.

Even if enlarged adenoids are not substantial enough to physically block the back of thenose, they can obstruct airflow enough so that breathing through the nose requires anuncomfortable amount of work, and inhalation occurs instead through an open mouth.

Adenoids can also obstruct the nasal airway enough to affect the voice without actuallystopping nasal airflow altogether.

Removal of the adenoids

Surgical removal of the adenoids is a procedure calledadenoidectomy.

Adenoids may be removed if they become infected, causing symptoms such as

excessivemucusproduction.

Carried out through the mouth under ageneral anaesthetic(or less commonlyatopical), adenoidectomy involves the adenoids beingcuretted,cauterised,lasered, orotherwise ablated.

http://human.freescience.org/htmx/immune_system.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/immune_system.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/immune_system.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viruseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viruseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viruseshttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/bacteria.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/bacteria.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/antibody.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/antibody.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/antibody.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid_hypertrophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid_hypertrophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid_hypertrophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_pong_ballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_pong_ballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_pong_ballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_pong_ballhttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoidectomy.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoidectomy.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoidectomy.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/mucus.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/mucus.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/general_anaesthetic.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/general_anaesthetic.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/general_anaesthetic.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_anesthetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_anesthetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_anesthetichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curettehttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/cauterization.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/cauterization.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/cauterization.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/cauterization.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_anesthetichttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/general_anaesthetic.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/mucus.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoidectomy.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_pong_ballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_pong_ballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid_hypertrophyhttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/antibody.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/bacteria.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viruseshttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/immune_system.php

8/11/2019 Walde Yer

4/4

Histology

Adenoids, unlike other types oftonsils,havepseudostratified columnar epithelium.[1]

They also differ from the other tonsil types by lackingcrypts.The adenoids are oftenremoved along with the tonsils. This can cause a very sore throat for about a week andrather unpleasant breath. Most people's adenoids are not even in use after a person'sthird year, but if they cause problems they must be taken out or they may otherwiseshrink.

See also

Adenoidectomy Lymphatic system Pharynx Tonsil

References

1. ^Histology at KUMClymphoid-lymph06

http://human.freescience.org/htmx/tonsils.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/tonsils.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/tonsils.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudostratified_columnar_epitheliumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudostratified_columnar_epitheliumhttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.php#_note-0http://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.php#_note-0http://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.php#_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypt_(anatomy%2529http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypt_(anatomy%2529http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypt_(anatomy%2529http://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoidectomy.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoidectomy.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/lymphatic_system.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/lymphatic_system.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/pharynx.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/pharynx.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/tonsils.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/tonsils.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.php#_ref-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kansashttp://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/lymphoid/lymph06.htmhttp://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/lymphoid/lymph06.htmhttp://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/lymphoid/lymph06.htmhttp://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/lymphoid/lymph06.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kansashttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.php#_ref-0http://human.freescience.org/htmx/tonsils.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/pharynx.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/lymphatic_system.phphttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoidectomy.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypt_(anatomy%2529http://human.freescience.org/htmx/adenoid.php#_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudostratified_columnar_epitheliumhttp://human.freescience.org/htmx/tonsils.php