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Wake-up
1. Which macromolecule(s) functions in short term energy and structure?
1. Explain the difference between Benedict’s and Biuret’s. (More than color change)
Turn in lab from yesterday into the bin
Enzymes
Christopherson
Chemical ReactionOccurs when bonds are broken or formed to
create a new substance
Reactants Products
Enzymes ReviewEnzymes are proteins; made up of amino acids held
together by peptide bonds
Enzymes ReviewRegulates the chemical reactions of the cell
Enzyme Characteristics
Biological Catalysts
What is a Catalyst?
Catalysts speed up chemical reactions
Ex: What do you do to help sugar dissolve faster in
tea?
Enzymes and Reactions
Example of Enzymes as CatalystsAmylase: Enzyme in mouth that breaks down
carbohydrates
If you put a saltine cracker in your mouth and let it “sit”, it will eventually taste sweet
Enzymes Characteristics
Have an active site; binding site for substrates
Enzyme Characteristics
Enzymes are site specific; One
enzyme = One job
Determined by active site
How Enzymes Work
Enzyme; Catalyst
Substrate;Reactant
Active Site
Product
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
1. Substrate matched the active site of the enzyme2. Enzyme-substrate complex forms; Enzyme molds around the substrate for a reaction3. Enzyme releases the product; Enzyme remains unchanged.
What does this have to do with ME????? Who cares about enzymes?
Lactose is a Disaccharide (2 sugars)
found in milk
Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose
What does lactose get broken down into by lactase?
Fill in the following terms into the enzyme diagram below:
LactaseGlucoseLactose
Galactose
What’s happening in us?
What is Lactose Intolerance?Lactase is not
present to break down the lactose.
The sugar just builds up
inside.
What’s happening in us?
Effects of Lactose Intolerance*
Bloating, Pain/Cramps in Belly, Noise in Belly, Gas, Diarrhea
Lactose Intolerance Worldwide
Lactose Intolerance in Ethnic Groups
What to do if you are Lactose Intolerant?
Wake-up
1. What is the purpose of the active site?
2. What would happen if the active site lost its shape?
Environmental Effects on Enzymes
1. Temperature* • High
Temperatures can denature enzymes
• Denature means lose shape (active site).
Environmental Effects on Enzymes
1. Temperature • Low
Temperatures cause enzymes to move slowly
• Decreasing
enzyme activity
Environmental Effects on Enzymes
2. pH •Dramatic changes in the pH of a solution can denature an enzyme •Decreasing enzyme activity
DigestionNerves
Digestion Papaya’s