WACE Physics Stage 2 Formulae and Constants Sheet

8/9/2019 WACE Physics Stage 2 Formulae and Constants Sheet

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2010/29413[v4] Copyright © Curriculum Council 2010 Ref: 10-109

PHYSICS

STAGE 2

FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS SHEET

2010

2010/30270


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PHYSICS 2 FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS SHEETSTAGE 2


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FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS SHEET 3 PHYSICSSTAGE 2

Forces and motion

Mean velocity2

uv

t

svav

+==

Equations of motiont

uva

−= ; 2

21 atuts += ; as2uv 22 += ; atuv +=

Force maF =

Weight force mgF =

Momentum mv p = ; after before pΣ= pΣ

Change in momentum (impulse) mumvFt −=

Kinetic energy2

21

k mvE =

Gravitational potential energy mghE p =

Work done EFsW ∆==

Power avFvt

E

t

WP =∆==

Note: the variable “t” refers to the “time taken” sometimes referred to as the “change in time” or Δt

Particles

Activityt

NΔ=A

Half-life ( )n210AA =

Absorbed radiation dosemEdoseabsorbed =

Dose equivalent factor quality×doseabsorbed=equivalentdose

Mass-energy relationship 2mcE =

Change of temperature TmcQ ∆=

Change of state mLQ =

Absolute zero of temperature C273K 0 °−=

Electricity and magnetism

Electric current t

q

I =

Work and energy tIVVqW ==

Ohm’s law IR V =

Resistances in series ...R R R 21T ++=

Resistances in parallel ...R

1

R

1

R

1

21T

++=

PowerR

VR IIP=V

22 ==


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PHYSICS 4 FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS SHEETSTAGE 2

Physical constants

Speed of light in vacuum or air ........................................ c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1 Electron charge ................................................................ e = -1.60 x 10-19 C

Electron volt ................................................................. 1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19

JUnified atomic mass unit ................................................ 1 u = 1.66 x 10-27 kgMass of electron ............................................................... me = 9.11 x 10

-31 kgMass of proton ............................................................. mp = 1.67 x 10

-27 kgMass of neutron ........................................................... mn = 1.68 x 10

-27 kg

Mass of alpha .............................................................. mα = 6.65 x 10-27 kg

Mass–energy equivalent .................................................. 1 u = 931 MeVTonne .......................................................................... 1 tonne = 103 kg = 106 g

Physical data

Mean acceleration due to gravity on Earth ...................... g = 9.80 m s-2

Specific heat capacity of water ...................................... cw = 4.18 x 103

J kg-1

K-1

Specific heat capacity of ice ........................................... ci = 2.10 x 103 J kg-1 K-1

Specific heat capacity of steam ..................................... cs = 2.00 x 103 J kg-1 K-1

Latent Heat of fusion for H20 .......................................... Lf = 3.34 x 105 J kg-1

Latent heat of vaporisation for H20 ................................ Lv = 2.26 x 106 J kg-1

Quality factors

Approximate quality factor for alpha radiation ............. QFα = 20

Approximate quality factor for beta radiation ............... QFβ = 1

Approximate quality factor for gamma radiation .......... QFγ = 1 Approximate quality factor for slow neutrons .............. QFsn = 3

Approximate quality factor for fast neutrons ................ QFfn = 10

Prefixes of the metric system

Factor Prefix Symbol Factor Prefix Symbol

1012

109

106

103

tera

giga

mega

kilo

T

G

M

k

10-3

10-6

10-9

10-12

milli

micro

nano

pico

m

µ

n

p


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P e r i o d i

c

T a b l e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 4

1 5

1 6

1 7

1 8

1 H 1 . 0 0 8

H y d r o g e n

2 H e

4 . 0 0 3

H e l i u m

3 L i 6 . 9 4 1

L i t h i u m

4 B e

9 . 0 1 2

B e r y l l i u m

5 B 1 0 . 8 1

B o r o n

6 C 1 2 . 0 1

C a r b o n

7 N 1 4 . 0 1

N i t r o g e n

8 O

1 6 . 0 0

O x y g e n

9 F 1 9 . 0 0

F l u o r i n e

1 0 N e

2 0 . 1 8

N e o n

1 1 N a 2 2 . 9 9

S o d i u m

1 2 M g

2 4 . 3 1

M a g n e s i u m

1 3 A

2 6 . 9 8

A l u m i n i u m

1 4 S i

2 8 . 0 9

S i l i c o n

1 5 P

3 0 . 9 7

P h o s p h o r u s

1 6 S

3 2 . 0 6

S

u l f u r

1 7 C

3 5 . 4 5

C h l o r i n e

1 8 A r

3 9 . 9 5

A r g o n

1 9 K 3 9 . 1 0

P o t a s s i u m

2 0 C a

4 0 . 0 8

C a l c i u m

2 1 S c 4 4 . 9 6

S c a n d i u m

2 2 T i

4 7 . 8 8

T i t a n i u m

2 3 V

5 0

. 9 4

V a n

a d i u m

2 4 C r

5 2 . 0 0

C h r o m i u m

2 5 M n

5 4 . 9 4

M a n g a n e s e

2 6 F e 5 5 . 8 5

I r o n

2 7 C o

5 8 . 9 3

C o b a l t

2 8 N i

5 8 . 6 9

N i c k e l

2 9 C u

6 3 . 5 5

C o p p e r

3 0 Z n 6 5 . 3

8

Z i n c

3 1 G a

6 9 . 7 2

G a l l i u m

3 2 G e

7 2 . 5 9

G e r m a n i u m

3 3 A s

7 4 . 9 2

A r s e n i c

3 4 S e

7 8 . 9 6

S e l e n i u m

3 5 B r

7 9 . 9 0

B r o m i n e

3 6 K r

8 3 . 8 0

K r y p t o n

3 7 R b 8 5 . 4 7

R u b i d i u m

3 8 S r

8 7 . 6 2

S t r o n t i u m

3 9 Y

8 8 . 9 1

Y t t r i u m

4 0 Z r

9 1 . 2 2

Z i r c o n i u m

4 1

N

b

9 2

. 9 1

N i o b i u m

4 2 M o

9 5 . 9 4

M o l y b d e n u m

4 3 T c

T e c h n e t i u m

4 4 R u

1 0 1 . 1

R u t h e n i u m

4 5 R h

1 0 2 . 9

R h o d i u m

4 6 P d 1 0 6 . 4

P a l l a d i u m

4 7 A g

1 0 7 . 9

S i l v e r

4 8 C d 1 1 2 . 4

C a d m i u m

4 9 I n

1 1 4 . 8

I n d i u m

5 0 S n

1 1 8 . 7 T i n

5 1 S b 1 2 1 . 8

A n t i m o n y

5 2 T e

1 2 7 . 6

T e l l u r i u m

5 3 I

1 2 6 . 9

I o d i n e

5 4 X e

1 3 1 . 3

X e n o n

5 5 C s 1 3 2 . 9

C a e s i u

m

5 6 B a

1 3 7 . 3

B a r i u m

5 7 * L a

1 3 8 . 9

L a n t h a n u m

7 2 H f

1 7 8 . 5

H a f n i u m

7 3 T a

1 8

0 . 9

T a n

t a l u m

7 4 W

1 8 3 . 9

T u n g s t e n

7 5 R e

1 8 6 . 2

R h e n i u m

7 6 O s

1 9 0 . 2

O s m i u m

7 7 I r

1 9 2 . 2

I r i d i u m

7 8 P t

1 9 5 . 1

P l a t i n u m

7 9 A u

1 9 7 . 0

G o l d

8 0 H g 2 0 0 . 6

M e r c u r y

8 1 T

2 0 4 . 4

T h a l l i u m

8 2 P b 2 0 7 . 2

L e a d

8 3 B i

2 0 9 . 0

B i s m u t h

8 4 P o

P o l o n i u m

8 5 A t

A s t a t i n e

8 6 R n

R a d o n

8 7 F r F r a n c i u m

8 8 R a

2 2 6 . 0

R a d i u m

8 9 * * A c

A c t i n i u m

1 0 4 R f

R u t h e r f o r d i u m

1

0 5

D

b

D u b n i u m

1 0 6 S g

S e a b o r g i u m

1 0 7 B h

B o h r i u m

1 0 8 H s

H a s s i u m

1 0 9 M t

M e i t n e r i u m

1 1 0 D s

D a r m s t a d t i u m

1 1 1 R g

R o e n t g e n i u m

6 C 1 2 . 0 1

C a r b o n

A t o m i c N u m b e r

S y

m b o l

A

t o m i c M a s s

N a m e

* L a n t h a n i d e

S e r i e s

5 8 C e

1 4

0 . 1

C e r i u m

5 9 P r

1 4 0 . 9

P r a s e o d y m i u m

6 0 N d

1 4 4 . 2

N e o d y m i u m

6 1 P m

P r o m e t h i u m

6 2 S m 1 5 0 . 4

S a m a r i u m

6 3 E u 1 5 2 . 0

E u r o p i u m

6 4 G d

1 5 7 . 3

G a d o l i n i u m

6 5 T b 1 5 8 . 9

T e r b i u m

6 6 D y

1 6 2 . 5

D y s p r o s i u m

6 7 H o

1 6 4 . 9

H o l m i u m

6 8 E r

1 6 7 . 3

E r b i u m

6 9 T m

1 6 8 . 9

T h

u l i u m

7 0 Y b

1 7 3 . 0

Y t t e r b i u m

7 1 L u 1 7 5 . 0

L u t e t i u m

* * A c t i n i d e

S e r i e s

9 0 T h

2 3

2 . 0

T h o r i u m

9 1 P a

P r o t a c t i n i u m

9 2 U

2 3 8 . 0

U r a n i u m

9 3 N p

N e p t u n i u m

9 4 P u

P l u t o n i u m

9 5 A m

A m e r i c i u m

9 6 C m

C u r i u m

9 7 B k B e r k e l

i u m

9 8 C f

C a l i f o r n i u m

9 9 E s

E i n s t e i n i u m

1 0 0 F m

F e r m i u m

1 0 1 M d

M e n d e l e v i u m

1 0 2 N o

N o b e l i u m

1 0 3 L r

L a w r e n c i u m


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WACE Physics Stage 2 Formulae and Constants Sheet