WK4 Agenda

• What’s the heritage that these ancient civilizations gave us?

• Who am I? Exercise

• Lecture Greek and Roman

• Exam Next Week

• Instant homework grading (WK3)

• Ancient Rome, Video

Ancient World Discussion• How did these civilizations develop?• Did you see the pattern?

– From the beginning to the end– What influenced what?– What caused what?

• What are the similarities or differences that you’ve seen?• What’s the heritage they left for us?

– Mesopotamia– Egypt– India– China– Greek– Roman: What are the phrases related to the Roman?

Ancient EuropeTimeGreek

Politic, Economic, Society

Knowledge,Philosophy, ReligionTechnology

Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture

Literature, Drama

6000 BCE Started agriculture in Greece , Crete and Danube river, Fishermen settled in Lepenski Vir 3000-1500 BCE Woodhenges, Stonehenge

House made of rocks

1900 BCE Minoans on Crete island1450 BCE

King Minos (Myth: Son of Zeus&Europa); 1700 BCE EarthquakeEnd of Minoan period, Mycenaean invasion

Zeus, Apollo, MarsWorship mother goddess1650 BCE: Picture writing, Linear A , pottery,

Palace@Knossos, Frescoes, Griffins ,Extreme sport: Bullleaping

2000 BCE Mycenaean on Peloponnesus island 1250 BCE

Feudal systemTrade with Egypt and ItalyWar@Troy(Turkey) to bring Helen back from Prince Paris

Olympian gods, Linear B, Pottery Pylos Palace, Shaft Graves, Tholos, Lion Gate

1100-800 BCE Dark Age

Difficult time, devote time to cultivate foodOligarchies: government by the fewHoplites military

800-500 BCE Archaic500 BCE Classical Age;HellenicAthens sand Sparta

508 BCE Democracy in Athens, Direct Democracy, Council of 500, Ostracism if get more than 6,000 vote out490-479 BCE Persian War (Marathon)461-429 BCE Pericles King of AthensPeloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta end this periodSparta: Council of the elders, all men must be soldiers and strong women

Olympian gods: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon776 BCE 1st Olympic: Celebrate Zeus ( running, chariot racing, boxing, wrestling etc.) Natural Philosophy: 585 BCE: Thales, 582 -507BCE: Pythagoras, 469-399 BCE: Socrates, 469-399 BCE: Plato, 387-322 : Aristotle (Alexander’s teacher)

Polis, Acropolis,Agora

447-438 BCE Parthenon, Erectheum,Doric, Ionic, CorinthianKouros: free standing statues

Theater: Tragedy , Comedy(for DionysusGod), Homer: Iliadand Odyssey Epic

338 BCEHellenistic336-323 BCE

323-281 BCE146 BCE

Philip II of Macedonia conquered GreeceAlexander ruled Greece and expanded his empire (died at 33 after withdrawn his troop from India)Antigonas: Greece, Ptolemy: Egypt, Seceucus: Seleucid EmpireGreece became part of the Roman empire

Built Alexandria in Egypt, Geography, Astrology, Mathematics, Physics341-351 BCE: Epicurus287-213 BCE: Archimedes

495-425 BCE:Herodotus

Ancient Europe (Roman)TimeRoman

Politic, Economic, Society

Knowledge, Philosophy, ReligionTechnology

Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture

Literature, Drama

753 BCE-509 BCEMonarchyEtruscan

Rome, city state on Tiber river, paterfamilias: guided by the father, Aristocratic patricians and disenfranchisedPlebeians509 BCE: Expelled Tarquin the Proud, the last Etruscan King: Rome became to Republic

Worship Vesta, Jupiter, City planning, brick house with tile roof, Etruscan alphabet, Roman numerals

509 BCE-31 BCERepublic

Early RepublicSystem of representatives and a separation of powers,Plebeians set up Assembly of Tribes and have 10 tribune in in the senate; law of the 12 tablesMiddle republic264-241 BCE Punic War: with Carthage219-202 BCE Second Punic War: General Hannibal invaded Italy, Romanized other peoplePolitical Structure: Province into civitas: Bordeaux, Lyon Mare Nostrum: Our seaLate Republic: Ruled by oligarchy patrician families149-146 BCE Third Punic War: end of Carthage44-31 BCE Civil War: Julius Caesar(Veni, Vidi, Vici) was assassinated by Brutus in 44 BCE

Worship Jupiter, Aphrodite, Venus, and etc. Added cult during the Punic war such as Isis(promised immortality), Cybele(mother goddess)Latin as the official language: root of romance language: Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, RomanianCaesar revised the calendar to have 365 days so July: JuliusRoman Epicureanism: Lucretius: On the Nature of Things: explained the universeStoic philosophy of CiceroHigh engineering technique

Road,, Barrel and cross vault, dome, Amphitheatres, Corinthian style and Public library, Fresco, Base relief,

Cicero:collection of letters ,Virgil: Aeneid, story of Roman ancestorJulius Caesar: Commentaries on the Gallic War

31 BCE-AD 284Pax Romana: 5 Emperors

Civil War

AD 284-AD 312Empire Period

31 BCE-AD 193: Pax Romana, prosperous time27 BCE Octavian or Augustus the 1st Emperor: Imperator AD 79 Volcano eruption at Pompeii, AD 117 Trajan Emperor: Largest Empire, disciplined military: century, cohort, legionAD 193-AD284 Civil War: Germanic tribe invasion, plague

AD 284 Two Capital Cities General Diocletian:East; General Maximain: WestAD 312 Constantine reunited both East and West: move the capital to Byzantium: Constantinople

Stoic philosophy influenced Roman Law: Civil Law, Law of the people and Natural LawNatural Law: God created the law, which covered everyone and every state equallySupport justice and rights

Created concrete

AD 58 -60 Paul (Jesus disciple) came to RomeConstantine made Christian a legal religion

Pantheon, Gladiator in Colosseum,Bath of Caracalla, Aqueduct

Seneca:Letters on MoralityGalen: medical encyclopedia, blood circulationPantomimes: dance with music but no dialogue

DeclineAD476

AD 370 Huns invasion; AD 395 Separated the two cities permanently, AD 410-AD 455 War with Visigoths, War with VandalsVisigoths leader: Odoacer ended the Western Roman empire

391 Theodosius announce that Christian is Rome official religion

Greek Civilization

• Minoan=>Mycenaean=>Dark Age=>Archaic Age=>Hellenic(Classic Age)=>Hellenistic

• Minoan Civilization, Crete: Early (3000)=>Middle(2280)=>High Minoan (Knossos destroyed)

• Mycenaean Civilization, Peloponnesus: Arrived on Greek (1900)=>Ruled Greek peninsula(1500)=>Trojan War(fall of Troy 1250)=>Dark Age (1100-800) Beginning of Archaic Age

Minoan Civilization• King Minos• Palace at Knosos• Impressive plumbing and

drainage system• Complex layout of rooms

and passageway• Frescoes: paint apply

directly on wet plaster• Linear A writing: still

undeciphered• Peaceful: how do we

know that they lived peacefully?

• What did they put in that big jar?

Mycenaean Civilization• Feudal system

• Trade with Egypt and Italy

• Aggressive Warrior: from Southern Russian

• Shaft graves: Mycenaean Gold Death Mask of Agamenmnon; Tholos

• Lion Gate: 4 gigantic blocks (posts and a beam) Cyclopean

• War at Troy

• Linear B

• Iliad: the battle at Troy

• Odyssey: After the fall of Troy Odyssey (the Greek Warrior) wandered in adventure home to marry Penelope who waited for him in Ithaca.

Hellenic

• Democracy in Athens, Direct Democracy, Council of 500, Ostracism 6,000

• 490-479 BCE Persian War (Marathon), run 20 miles to tell the good news

• 461-429 BCE Pericles King of Athens

• Peloponnesian War (27 years) between Athens and Sparta end this period• Sparta: Council of the elders, Ephor, All men must be soldiers and strong women

Hellenic •Polis: city state•Acropolis: hill top where the ruler resided•Agora: market, open area for politicians and citizens•Worship Olympian gods: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Apollo etc.•776 BCE 1st Olympic: Celebrate Zeus ( running, chariot racing, boxing, wrestling etc.)

•Theater: for Dionysus God–Tragedy

•Mortals cannot escape pain and sorrow•Basic human issues•Royal family

–Comedy•Political criticism

Archaic Age Philosophers

• Thales 585 BCE: founder of philosophic materialism: The fundamental substance was water. What do you think?

• Pythagoras 580-507 BCE: founder of philosophic idealism: Everything is made of numbers or mathematical relationships explained the basic order in nature. What do you think?

Hellenic Philosophers• Socrates 469-399 BCE: Knowledge is virtue. Nobody intentionally did the

wrong thing. What do you think? Sound familiar? What did Confucius say?• What did Buddha say? หริโอตปัปะ?

• Plato 469-399 BCE: Dualism: Material World, Subjective Reality vs. Absolute reality (Forms and Idea): Body and Soul (desire, feeling, and rationale) True virtue must consist of rationale apprehension of goodness and justice.

• Aristotle 387-322 : (Alexander’s teacher): Natural world is the only world. Form and matter are of equal important--sound mind in a happy body; Find truth through analysis, elimination, and synthesis-- nothing too much.

No TQM?

• Omitted: Democritus (The Atomists), The Sophists, etc.

Hellenic • 447-438 BCE Parthenon for

Athena– Pentelic marble

– Flutes

– Temple, Church, Mosque, and ammunitions depot

• Erectheum for Erectheus (Athenhero)

• Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

• Kouros, Kore: free standing statues

Hellenistic

• Philip II of Macedonia conquered Greece

• Alexander ruled Greece and expanded his empire (died at 33 after withdrawn his troop from India)

• Antigonas: Greece, Ptolemy: Egypt, Seceucus: Seleucid Empire

• Greece became part of the Roman empire

Hellenistic

• City of Alexandria

• 495-425 BCE: Herodotus: historian

• 341-351 BCE: Epicurus

• Only the atoms and void exist; pleasure is the

• highest good; death is final in its extinction of

consciousness; gods play no active role in

human affairs

• 287-213 BCE: Archimedes

– Eureka, specific gravity for gold vs. silver

Roman Civilization•Romulus and Remus on Tiber River myth•City state on Tiber river, paterfamilias: guided by the father, Aristocratic patricians and disenfranchised plebeians•509 BCE: Expelled Tarquin, the last Etruscan King: Rome became to Republic with the Senate House, 2 consuls mange the senate

Roman Civilization•Early Republic•System of representatives and a separation of powers, Plebeians set up Assembly of Tribes and have 10 tribune in in the senate; law of the 12 tables•Religion:

–Resembled Greek but more political–To protect the state from its enemies

•Morality–Brave–Honor–Self-discipline

Roman CivilizationMare Nostrum: Our sea•264-241 BCE Punic War: with Carthage (Carthaginian expansion in Sicily).•219-202 BCE Second Punic War: General Hannibal from Carthage invaded Italy•149-146 BCE Third Punic War: end of Carthage•44-31 BCE Civil War: Julius Caesar

–Pompey–Over Asia Minor: I came, I saw, I conquered–Back to Rome, dictator for 10 years–Assassinated by Brutus in 44 BCE

•Late Republic: Ruled by oligarchy patrician families

•What’s the effect of wars to the social and economy?

Roman Civilization(Pax Romana)• 31 BCE-AD 193: Pax Romana,

prosperous time

• 27 BCE Octavian or Augustus the 1st Emperor: Imperator– Caesar’s nephew

– Allied with Mark Antony and Lipidus

– Go West and later defeated Antony and Cleopatra

– He found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.

• High engineering technique

• AD 79 Volcano eruption at Pompeii

Roman Civilization(Pax Romana)• AD 117 Trajan Emperor: Largest

Empire– disciplined military: century, cohort,

legion– 11 aqueducts from mountains to cities– Forum, column, market

• AD 193-AD284 Civil War: Germanic tribes invasion, plague

• AD 284 Two Capital Cities:– General Diocletian: East– General Maximain: West

• AD 312 Constantine reunited both East and West– In Hog Signo Vinces: In this sign conquer– move the capital to Byzantium:

Constantinople– Christian is a legal religion

• Books– Seneca: Letters on Morality– Galen: medical encyclopedia, blood

circulation

Roman Civilization(Pax Romana)

Roman Civilization(Pax Romana)

• Stoic philosophy influenced Roman Law: Civil Law, Law of the people and Natural Law

• Natural Law: God created the law, which covered everyone and every state equally (supportting justice and rights)

Roman Civilization (Decline)

• Turning point in AD 284

• German attacks

• Internal causes: no clear law of succession led to civil war

• Economic causes: slave and manpower shortage

• Edward Gibbon: triumph of Christianity

• AD 370 Huns invasion

• 391 Theodosius announce that Christian is Rome official religion

• Visigoths leader: Odoacer ended the Western Roman empire

Roman Civilization (architechtures)

• Arch, barrel and cross vault

• Dome

• Amphitheatres

• Corinthian column

• What is Roman architecture style?

Homework

• Prepare for the Ancient World exam

• Movie club

• Start thinking about your art work and project.