W08 - House Keeping Machinery Hazards

8/4/2019 W08 - House Keeping Machinery Hazards

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Physical arrangement and neatness at workplace


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ObjectivesAt the end of this lesson, you are able to:

Describe the definition of physical arrangement andneatness

List down 5 types of accident that caused by work place

Explain 5 factors that need to make sure of physicalarrangements and neatness of work place

Know the act that applied


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Scope Definitions

Law

Physical arrangement and neatness

Types and factors to accident Types and factors of injury

Planning of physical arrangements andneatness

Preventives of accident and illness

Improvement step

Conclusion


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DefinitionPhysical arrangements and neatness To make sure the maintenance and arrangement of

building, machine and tools in good condition, cleanand neat.

To make sure the placement of logy, tools andmaterial/work piece in good arrangement and neattherefore will not give any risk to the workers in termof health and safety.


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Physical arrangements and house

keepingMost of situation that give incident and bring illness:

Slide floor (oily, water, burr/chip)

Hand tool / work piece / electrical cable on thepathway

Physical arrangement of machinery not correct

Too narrow of work area

Waste of work piece ( chip and burr) on the floor


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Lack of housekeeping


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Types of accidentFeet on work piece/ tool and fall

Slip (wet floor) and fall

Accident with machine/ material

Kicking tool/ material

Fire or explosion


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Lack of housekeeping


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Accident factor

Not keep the tool in thecorrect order

The arrangement ofmachine not good

Dark work area

No special place for waste

material

Air flow not adequate

Space between worker

and machine too narrow No space or place for

finished or semi finishedmaterial


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Disease type

Most of the disease that could occur when there are nohousekeeping:

Skin and lung problem

Inhale of dust/chemical material

Eye problem

Not adequate light


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Disease factor

Spill of chemical material on the floor andnot be clean up

Dust that caught at lamp, wall and exhaustfan and not be clean up

Tool or device for cleaning purposes not

available.


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Housekeeping plan and schedule

The house keeping plan is based on:

The variety of activities in one workarea.

The process of generating dust, smokeor other material waste.

Condition of environment that could

bring unsafe situation or condition.(too many dust, mess, untidy)

The machine or machine device


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Housekeeping plan and schedule

The schedule of housekeeping based onactivity/ process whether:

daily

weekly

monthly

yearly After a bad situation happen


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Accident / Disease Factors

Human (employee / employer)

Machineries

ToolsMaterial/ work piece

Working environment


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Accident / Disease Prevention

Factor

Human (employee / employer) Training

Supervise

Safe working procedure

Competent

Experience


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FactorMachineries Good machine arrangement

Adequate pathway between machineAdequate space around machine

Machine arrangement based on process step


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FactorTools

A locker / cabinet for tool keeping/ storing

Should have cleaning tool instead ofworking tool

Should have personal protective equipment(PPE)


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FactorMaterial /work piece

Special space for placement of material Preparation for waste bin for unused material

Material quantity used based on need(day/week) mean less of material used.

Prepare for material route in and out


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FactorWorking environmentWorking floor situation

Wall

Respiration

Luminosity/lightning


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Improvement step in house keeping and

physical arrangement

Create a policy for housekeeping andarrangement

Have a good planningbefore begin anoperation

Put the responsibilitieson section head

Put an awarenessresponsibilities towardsgood house keeping andphysical arrangement


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Improvement step in house keeping and

physical arrangement

Give a training

Create safe working

procedure Create house keeping

regulations

Sport check at workingarea

Give schedule /program of cleaningand house keeping

Supervise all cleaning

activities


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Conclusion House keeping and physical arrangement are

important in preventing accident and disease at workarea

Legal requirement under FMA 1967 and OSHA 1994 Instead of scheduling and planning of house keeping,

another factor also should be take in account inprevent this catastrophe.

Followed by improvement step in house keeping andphysical arrangement for the better living


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Machinery hazard


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ObjectiveAt the end of this lesson:

Define machinery definition

Explain about 10 types of machinery hazard Explain method use for minimize and prevention of

machinery hazard


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ScopeMachinery definition

Machinery parts and functions

Machinery hazard

Machinery accidents

Hazard prevention method

Conclusion

Group work


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Machinery hazard

Machinery

A device/tool that give power, have a fix part

and move part, each have their own function. BS 5304:1975


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Machinery hazard

Machinery part

Moveable part

Establishes output function. E.g. drill bit

Fixed part Transmit power or movement energy to moveable part.

e.g. Motor transmission


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Machinery part

Moveable part

Prime Movers

Engine, motor or other devices that bring mechanical energy

that come from steam, water, air, electric or etc.(definition in FMA 1967)


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Machinery part

Fixed part

Transmission Machinery

shaft, wheel, pulley, coupling, clutch, timing belt or

any other main devices that transfer or receive by anyother machine part or equipment.

(definition in FMA 1967)


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Machinery hazardTypes of hazard Cutting

Shearing

Stabbing andPuncturing

Impact

Entanglement

Friction and Abrasion

Crushing

Drawing In Ejection

Release of Potential Energy


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CUTTING HAZARD

Cutting Hazard - Contact with sharp surfaceor edge.

Example

1. Saw

2. Knife blade

3. Disc (abrasion disc)


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CUTTING HAZARD


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SHEARING HAZARDShearing Hazard

Produce or divide/cut an object bycutting/shearing Between two moveable machines / devices. (turret

punching machine)

Between machine part and work piece. (hand shearingmachine)

Between machines part that static and moveable.(Shearing machine)


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SHEARING HAZARD


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STABBING AND PUNCTURING HAZARD

Stabbing and Puncturing Hazard

Stab of machine part, work piece

and flying object into body.

Example: needle, drill machine


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STABBING AND PUNCTURING HAZARD


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IMPACT HAZARD

Impact Hazard

Object or part of machine that

assault on body but not stab intobody.

Example: accident with movementpart.


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ENTANGLEMENT HAZARDEntanglement Hazard

Cloth or hairs that entangle into moveable or turnpart.

Example: roll machine, gear, shaft, chain.


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ENTANGLEMENT HAZARD


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FRICTION & ABRASION HAZARD

Friction and Abrasion Hazard

Burn or slice skin body layer.

Example: abrasive wheel, sanding


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FRICTION & ABRASION HAZARD


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CRUSHING HAZARD

Crushing Hazard

Compress of body part between twomachine part/object.

Example: stamping machinery, powerpress machine.


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CRUSHING HAZARD


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DRAWING IN HAZARD

Drawing In Hazard

Body caught by the machine andtrapped between moveable

machine parts. Example: roll machine


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DRAWING IN HAZARD


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EJECTION HAZARD

Ejection Hazard

Push out of work piece or machinery part.

Cause effect:

Failure of machine

Failure of work piece

Example : abrasive wheel, drill machine


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RELEASE OF POTENTIAL ENERGY

HAZARD

Release of Potential EnergyHazard

Example:1. Pressure release

2. Falling object


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METHOD USE IN PREVENTION OF

MACHINERY HAZARDHazard Identification

Risk AssessmentRisk Control

Engineering

Administrative


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CONCLUSION Machine have various hazard that could lead to

serious injury or accident.

In order to prevent this hazard, the risk assessmentmethod must be applied.


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MACHINE SAFEGUARDINGIntroduction One of the most preventable injuries is caused by

machinery. Crushed hands, arms, severed fingers,blindness, etc. are all avoidable, if proper safeguardsare in place. A good rule to remember is that anymachine part, function or process which may causeinjury must be safeguarded. Mechanical hazards occur

in three areas, Point of Operation, Power Transmissionand other moving parts, such as belts, rollers andarticulating arms.


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Requirements

Machine safeguarding must protect employees againstmechanical and electrical hazards. Safeguards must;

Prevent Contact : Safeguards must prevent hands, arms and any otherbody part of a worker from making contact with dangerous moving parts

Secure : Guards must be secured and not readily removable or tampered

with and be durable to withstand normal use and the work environment. Protect from Falling Objects : Safeguards must assure no objects can

fall into moving parts. Create No New Hazards : Guard must not create a hazard or cause injury

itself. Create No Interference : Any safeguard must not impede a worker from

performing their job quickly and comfortably. Allow Safe Lubrication: Machines must be serviceable without having to

remove guards by locating serviceable areas and guard design efficiently. Engineering Controls Are Not Available: Operators must wear

personal protective equipment. No Mechanical hazards: No mechanical hazards, such as, stored energy

(springs) or electrical.


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Methods of Machine Safeguarding Guards

fixed

interlocked

adjustable

self-adjusting

Devices

presence sensing

pullback

restraint

safety controls (tripwire cable,two-hand contol, etc.)

gates

Location/distance

Feeding and ejectionmethods

automatic and/or semi-automatic feed andejection

robots

Miscellaneous aids

awareness barriers

protective shields

hand-feeding tools


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Fixed GuardProvides a barrier - a permanentpart of the machine, preferableto all other types of guards.


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Interlocked Guard

When this type ofguard is opened orremoved, the trippingmechanism and/orpower automatically

shuts off ordisengages, and themachine cannot cycleor be started until the

guard is back inplace.


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Adjustable Guard

Provides a barrier which may be adjusted tofacilitate a variety of production operations.

Bandsaw bladeadjustable guard


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Self-Adjusting GuardProvides a barrier which moves according tothe size of the stock entering the danger area.

Circular table sawself-adjusting guard


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Safeguarding by Location/Distance

Locate the machine or itsdangerous moving partsso that they are not

accessible or do notpresent a hazard to aworker during normaloperation

Maintain a safe distancefrom the danger area


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Automatic Feed and Robots

TransparentEnclosureGuard

Stock Feed

Roll

DangerArea

Completed Work


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Protective Shields

These do not givecomplete protectionfrom machine

hazards, but doprovide someprotection fromflying particles,

splashing cuttingoils, or coolants.


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Holding Tools

Used to place and removestock in the danger area

Not to be used instead of

other machine safeguards,but as a supplement


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Some Examples of OSHA Machine

Guarding Requirements . . . .


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Guarding Fan Blades

When the periphery of the blades of a fan is lessthan 7 feet above the floor or working level, theblades must be guarded with a guard havingopenings no larger than 1/2 inch.


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Abrasive Wheel Machinery

Work rests on offhand grinding machines must be keptadjusted closely to the wheel with a maximum openingof 1/8-inch to prevent the work from being jammedbetween the wheel and the rest, which may result inwheel breakage.


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Abrasive Wheel Machinery

The distance between the wheel periphery and theadjustable tongue must never exceed 1/4-inch.


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Power-Transmission Apparatus

Power-transmissionapparatus (shafting,flywheels, pulleys, belts,

chain drives, etc.) lessthan 7 feet from the flooror working platform mustbe guarded.

Unguarded beltand pulley


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HHBH

HD

B

ARRIER

GUARD

BH = Barrier Height

HH = Hazard Height

HD = Hazard Distance

Safe Distance to Hazards to Prevent Access


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Safe Distance to Hazards to Prevent Accessby Reaching Over a Guard

39.4 44.1 55.1 63.0 70.9 78.7 86.6

98.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

94.5 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9

86.6 23.6 23.6 19.7 19.7 15.7 13.8 9.8

78.7 43.3 35.4 27.6 23.6 19.7 13.8 0

70.9 43.3 39.4 35.4 35.4 23.6 0 0

63.0 51.2 39.4 35.4 35.4 19.7 0 0

55.1 51.2 39.4 35.4 31.5 3.9 0 0

47.2 55.1 39.4 35.4 19.7 0 0 0

39.4 55.1 39.4 35.4 11.8 0 0 0

31.5 51.2 35.4 23.6 0 0 0 023.6 47.2 19.7 0 0 0 0 0

15.7 47.2 11.8 0 0 0 0 0

7.9 43.3 7.9 0 0 0 0 0

0 43.3 7.9 0 0 0 0 0

Hazard

Height

(HH)

Barrier Height (BH) all dimensions in inches

Hazard Distace from Barrier Guard (HD)

B


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HD

GUAR

D

ARR

IER

Safe Distance to Hazards Through Slotted


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Safe Distance to Hazards Through Slotted,

Round, and Irregular Openings in Guards

Greater than Less than

or equal to

0.0 0.2 0.0

0.2 0.3 0.6

0.3 0.5 3.1

0.5 0.8 4.7

0.8 1.2 7.9

1.2 5.9 33.5

5.9 install additional guarding

Slot opening (all dimensions in inches)

Smallest dimension Distance

to hazard

(HD)

Greater than Less than

or equal to

0.0 0.2 0.0

0.2 0.3 0.60.3 0.5 3.1

0.5 1.0 4.7

1.0 1.6 7.9

1.6 5.9 33.5

5.9 install additional guarding

Round opening (all dimensions in inches)

Diameter Distance

to hazard

(HD)

What do You Do When You Find a


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Problem?

Fix the problem permanently and do it the rightway

Fix the problem temporarily

Duct tape, bailing wire (not chewing gum)

Cardboard, plywood, plastic sheet

Barricades

Inform your supervisor

Do not operate until the guard is fixed (temporarilyor permanently


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How Do You Find the Problem?

INSPECT

M hi S f R ibili i


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Machine Safety Responsibilities

Management ensure all machinery is properly guarded

Supervisors train employees on specific guard rules in their areas

ensure machine guards remain in place and are functional

immediately correct machine guard deficiencies

Employees do not remove guards unless machine is locked and tagged

report machine guard problems to supervisors immediately

do not operate equipment unless guards are in place


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Training

Hazards associated with particular machines

How the safeguards provide protection and thehazards for which they are intended

How and why to use the safeguards How and when safeguards can be removed and by

whom

What to do if a safeguard is damaged, missing, or

unable to provide adequate protection

Operators should receive training on the following:


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Summary Safeguards are essential for protecting workers

from needless and preventable machinery-relatedinjuries

The point of operation, as well as all parts of the

machine that move while the machine is working,must be safeguarded

A good rule to remember is: Any machine part,function, or process which may cause injury mustbe safeguarded

Documents

W08 - House Keeping Machinery Hazards