•

.'

/'-" Vi MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRE C'l' 10. ,·'1

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

" 1/' COMPARATIVE DATA SURVEY t, SEVEN SOUTHERN STATES

Prepared by: Cheryl D. Purvis

and Sandra ¥. C. Martin

Collection Instrument by: Gene McGahey

w. Scott Fulton, Director Systems Development

March 24, 1980

If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov.

•

•

•

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I: SCOPE OF THE STUDY

CHART 1 Map of States Surveyed TABLE 1 Comparative Data Survey TABLE 2 Population Data TABLE 3 Budget Data

CHAPTER II: BUDGET AND POPULATION ANALYSIS

CHART 2 CHART 3 CHART 4 CHART 5

CHART 6 CHART 7

CHAPTER I II :

CHART 8

CHART 9

CHAPTER IV:

CHART 10

CHART 11

TABLE 4 TABLE 5

Corrections Budget for Seven States Offender Popule,tion for Seven States FY1980 Corrections Budgets Community Services Budget Per

Offender Supervised Institutional Budget Per Inmate Total Budget Per Offender

STAFFING

Ratio of Inmates to Correctional Officers

Ratio of Inmates to Institutional Staff

SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS

Incarceration Rate Per 100,000 Population

Ratio of Escapes to Total Inmate Population

Recidivism Rates Revocation Rates

Page

1

2 3-4 5 6

7

8 9

10

11 12 13

14-15

16

17

18-19

20

21 22 23

•

•

•

CHAPTER I SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Budget and offender data were gathered from seven states in a

mail-out survey with telephone follow-up. The responding states are

shown on the map (see CHART 1) with their respective populations.

Two other states (Alabama and Georgia) were contacted but did not

reply.

A complete overview of the data collected is shown on TABLE 1.

Subsequent tables and charts display and analyze these data.

DATA LIMITATIONS

The results of any study are directly related to the clarity

of ~uestions asked and clarity of responses received. Four items in

this study require clarification or emphasis:

1. The incarceration rates per 100,000 population reported by the seven states have been revised using a standardized source of population data (1978 Census Bureau estimate ob­tained from the Mississippi R&D Center.)

2. Recidivism rates were available for only 4 of the 7 states.

3. Only one state, Mississippi, was able to provide probation and parole revocation rates. This is because Mississippi is one of a very few states, nationwide, with an automated information system for both probation and parole.

4. Only two states, Mississippi and Louisiana were able to provide a breakdown of community supervision offenders by type of offense (violent or property) and race. 'It is presumed that the remaining states lack the necessary automated system to generate such data .

1.

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Estimated Population

- AR 2 , roi;-DOU---'-'-

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KY 3,490,000 LA' 3,986,000

-MS--'-'2';'400 ~ 000 * * .... . .. '",.' ** * ',' ****' :.~ .. '. . ** . '" *. :.;: .'. . .. :.... * ._-_.----_ .. _ ... ~.-.--;-.--...... _---,---- -.......... _--_. __ .. -----------

·OK· 2,842,000 SC 2,102,000

-'IN 4, 333'";·000-----·

------_ ... -- •. _------ ... __ . __ .. _-_._-_._- CHART 1 ..

'.":' ~,: .: .. ~ .,. - -----_._---

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COMPARATIVE DATA SURVEY

ARKANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA

STAFF

INSTITUTIONAL 731 940 3;096 CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS 421 603 2,478

INSTITUTIONAL OFFENDER PROFILE

POPULATION 2,811 3,712 7,682

VIOLENT OFFENDERS 1,608] 57% N/A 2,906J 60%

PROPERTY OFFENDERS N/A 1,913 40% 1,203 43%

MINORITY OFFENDERS 1,366 ] 48% 1,072 J 29% 5,402 J 70%

WHITE OFFENDERS 1,445 52% 2,640 71% 2,280 30%

COHHUNITY SUPERVISION OFFENDER PROFILE

POPULATION

PAROLE l, 927 J 77% 2,

362J 39% 1,806 J 11%

PROBATION 580 23% 3,650 61% 14,281 89%

VIOLENT OFFENDERS N/A N/A l,

239J 14%

PROPERTY OFFENDERS N/A N/A 7,775 86%

MINORITY OFFENDERS N/A N/A 7,309

J 45%

WHITE OFFENDERS N/A N/A 8,778 55%

INCARCERATION RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION (1978 POP.) 129 106 192

BUDGET TOTAL DEPARTMENTAL BUDGET 18,200,000 ' 33,089,500 96,975,875 CONN UNITY SERVICES 1,450,000 5,101,800 6,484,430 INSTITUTIONAL 12,200,000 24,169,000 71,557,569 ADMINISTRATIVE & OTHER 4,550,000 3,818,700 18,933,876

CAPITAL IHPROVEHENTS 7,800,000 10,000,000 78,166,478

TABLE 1

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mSSISSIPPI OKLAHOMA SOUTH CAROLINA

717 1,553 1,466 513 1,021 1,083

3,399 3,632 7,638

1,639 J 59% l,598J 56% 5,142J 67%

1,137 4l% 1,265 44% 2,496 33%

l,866J 67% 1,257 J 35% 4,412J 58%

904 33% 2,316 65% 3,226 42%

l,884J 30% l,823J 15% 3,883 J 17%

4,496 70% 13,000 88% 18,719 83%

l,875J 30% N/A N/A

4,402 70% N/A N/A

3,454

J 52% N/A N/A

N/A N/A 3,172 48%

141 128 363

17,489,200 50,755,698 42,467,607 2,815,001 9,093,670 4,254,317

14,674,199 29,162,749 38,213,290 12,499,279

17,983,000 15,000,000 30,774,282

TENNESSEE

3,116 1,615

5,905

3,033J 60%

2,049 - 40%

3,055J 52%

2,850 48%

2,442J 25%

7,329 75%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

136

59,234,646 2,618,154

39,554,226 17,062,266

15,325,000

VJ .

• 12 HONTHS TRACKING: ·JAN.-DEC., 1979

INSTITUTIONAL ESCAPES INSTITUTIONAL ASSAULTS WIINJURY

BETHEEN INNATES INVOLVING STAFF

INSTITUTIONAL HURDERS

RECIDIVISH RATES ARKANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA NISSISSIPPI OKLAHmlA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE

REVOCATION RATES ARKANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA HISSISSIPPI Probation

OKLAHO~IA

SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE

Parole

• COMPARATIVE DATA SURVEY (CONTln)

ARKANSAS KENTUCKY

23

10 11 o

RELEASE YEAR (BASE YEAR)

1973 1974, 1975, 1976

1976 1978 N/A NIA N/A

RELEASE YEAR (BASE YEAR)

NIA NIA N/A 1978 1978 NIA NIA N/A

91

30 19 o

LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI

73

N/A N/A N/A

47 .'

NIA N/A o

RETURNED WITHIN

3 Years 5 Yrs., 4 Yrs., 3 Yrs.

2 1/2 Years 3 Mo., 6 Mo., 1 Year

N/A 3 Years N/A

RETURNED WITHIN

N/A NIA N/A

3 Ho., 6 Mo., 1 Year 3 Ho., 6 Ho., 1 Year

N/A N/A N/A

TABLE 1 Cont'd

• OKLAHOHA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE

66 210 440

14 279 NIA 25 15 N/A 1 1 6

RECIDIVISM RATE

19.1 44.6, 35.8, 27.8

20.1 2.4, 4.6, 8.1

N/A 24.9 NIA

REVOCATION RATE

N/A NIA NIA

2.2, 5.4, 7.4 3.1, 5.2, 10.9

N/A NIA N/A

.p-o

• •

POPULATION DATA

1978 CENSUS INMATE PAROLE PROBATION TOTAL ESTIMATE POPULATION POPULATION POPULATION OFFENDERS

ARKANSAS (AR) 2,167,000 2,811 1,927 580 5,318

KENTUCKY (KY) 3,490,000 3,712 2,362 3,650 9,724

LOUISIANA (LA) 3,986,000 7,682 1,806 14,281* 23,769

MISSISSIPPI (MS) 2,400,000 3,399 1,884 4,4·96 9,779

OKLAHOMA (OK) 2,842,000 3,632 1,823 13,000 18,455

SOUTH CAROLINA (SC) 2,102,000 7,638 3,883 18,719 30,240

TENNESSEE (TN) 4,333,000 5,905 2,442 7,329 15,676

*Louisiana's probation population includes 5,392 adult misdemeanants supervised by the state.

TABLE 2

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, .•. ~~= .... ~ .. ~~~~.=".=".= ..... ~ .. .",-. ~~~~-~~---.,........,,-------....... --------------------------.---

• • • BUDGET DATA

TOTAL COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONAL ADMIN. AND CAPITAV~

STATE BUDGET SERVICES BUDGET OTHER IMPROVEMENTS

AR $18,200,000 $1,450,000 $12,200,000 $ 4,550,000 $ 7,800,000

KY $33,089,500 $5,101,800 $24,169,000 $ 3,818,700 $10,000,000

LA $96,975,875 $6,484,430 $71,557,569 $18,933,876 $78,166,478

MS $17,489,200 $2,815,001 $14,674,199 $17,983,000

OK $50,755,698 $9,093,670 $29,162,7 /.9 $12,499,279 $15,000,000

SC $42,467,607 $4,254,317 $38,213,290 $30,774,282

TN $59,234, 646~~* $2,618,154 $39,554,226 $17,062,266 $15,325,000

*Capita1 Improvements are not included in Total Budget figures.

**Tennessee's reported total budget was adjusted downward by $17,857,333 in expenditures for the juvenile portion of the correctional budget.

TABLE 3

0-.

7 .

• CHAPTER II

BUDGET AND POPULATION ANALYSIS

CHART 2 compares the total corrections budget (excluding capital

improvements) for the seven states. Mississippi ranks fifth smallest

in population (see TABLE 2) and seventh in total budget.

CHARTS 3 and 4 compare offender populations and budget figures

for institutions and community services. Mississippi's offender popu-

lation is comparable to Kentucky's (9,779 and 9,724 respectively) but

her community services and institutional operating budgets are com-

parable to Arkansas, which has the smallest offender population (see

• TABLE 2) •

CHARTS 5 and 6 examine budget components on a per offender basis.

CHART 5 shows that Mississippi's community services budget per offen-

der supervised (probation and parole) is about average. However, Mis-

sissippi's institutional budget per inmate falls below most states,

vying with Arkansas for last place (see CHART 6).

CHART 7 depicts total buuget divided by total offenders (inmates,

parolees and probationers). Mississippi's total budget per offender

is about $1,800 per year. Only South Carolina, with the smallest

general population and the largest offender population, spends less.

South Carolina's per offender budget :i.s $1,400 annually •

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..*** ***** ••• ** ......... .. * ...... .**** ***** ***.* ...... *.*** ***** ****'* •• *** • *.** •• * •• ••• ** .it .. _.

****. ••• ** ****. ***.* ** ••• • **** ***** .**** ***** •• ***

KY

.. *** .. .. *.* .. .. * ... .. '*.'t .. .. .. * .. it '* .. * ..... .. _** 'It .......... .. ** .... ....... '* .. ** .... ...... .. "111*** ........ ... *. * ... ....... ......... * ........ "'III." '* .. ** .. .. .. ** .. .. ... * .. .. .. "' ... .. ... * .. .. .. ** .. .. .. '*** .. .. *** .. .. *** .. .......... ... * .. '* ......... .... * * .. .. *.* .. ...... .. ... * .. .. .. ** .. .. .. ** .. .. .. ** .. * .. *** .. .. *** .. .. '* ..... * ." .• * .. ..... ** .. ....... ... ,. * .. ...... '* ,.. *** *

LA

***** **.'** ***** **.** **"** '***** *** •• ***** **.'* • ***** ***** **'*** ***** **"** ***** ***** ***** .,,* •• **.,,* ****'* ***"'* *" .. **

~lS

STATE

CHART 6

***** .*", ** •• *** ****'* ***** ****. ***** .'**** *.** • ***** ***** .**** .**** ***** ***** ***** '***** .***­***** ***** *'*.'* .. *** •• ***** ***** ****. **~** ***** .. **** .***. • .. *** • .. *** ***** '**** •• *** ***** **.** * •••• ***** "**** **.'*.

OK

1: ;II'J',"!';"!{! 't,I\,. ',)11:;:,\ t ..... ~ J )".1 . : ... J,.1; d.:J. I.:' ,\:1 1~. I ; , :'

11:37 FRIDAY. MA~CH 28. 1980

*",*** .'*.** ***** *"**** * '* '** '* ****­***'*. ***** ***** ***** ... ** .. ***'** *.*** **'*** .* .. * • * '* .... * •• ** ***.* ***** ***.* ***** ** ... * .**** ... * .... ****.

SC

..... ** ***** .***. ***** •• ** * .**** .. **** ***** ***** .... * • **,.* ... *** ***** 11***. ** ... -.**** .* ..... *.*** *** •• .... ** .**** **.** .*.** .**** *** •• * ••• * til •• " * * •••• .t*** ••••• ••• ** .**** •• * *.

TN ,""

I" • .. ,

/.

~3.9DO +

13.600 +

i3.3CO +

,I'

S3 • 0 00 +

!2.700 + .., :

$2.400 +

-,

~2.lGO +

H.800 +

31.5(l0 +

H. 2 00 +

!'9()0 +

$600 +

$,300 +

1

:

~ .' . : 1." ... ~;'i~j

.*.*. ....... -***** ••• ** ".*** ***** * ....... ... *** "*""*­**.'*. "***** • ,**lIr" ***** ***** ... '*** .* .... .... ** ***** 'It ••••

***** '***** .,.*.* ***** ***** . _._. .... ** ***** .* ... -.**** . *.-. *** •• •.. *. ••••• *.* •• .--* •• _.*.­***** ***** ••• _* .*.** .... *** • **** "._*. ***** ......... .. *****

***** ***'*. *.*** ***** ......... ** ••• .. ** .... -*.*"­.'**** ... '* .... **'*.* *.*** ***** ***** ***** ...... * .. *'**** .'*.** ***** ._"'--. ***** ****'* **.'*. ***** ......... .. ........ .**** ***** ***** ***** lIt_ ••• ***** .. *.­*.*** ***** **.** **.** ***** ***** **'*.'* ***** ***** .... -** •• * *****

TOTAL BUDGET PER OFFENDER

BAR CHART OF PER_OFFN

.• ** .... .. *** .. .. *** .. ..... ** .. • '*** .. .. *.* .. '* .. ** .... .. *** '* * *** '* '* ... * '* .. ** .. * **. * '* * *'** * * ***. * *** '* * ** * * • **'* * **** * .. *-* '* '* *.* .... *.,* .. * • *** * .. ***. .. *.it .. '* ** * * * ** * .. * ** * • * .... * .. '*. '* '* ... 1t '* * '* '*. '* .. * *** .. * ***. '* **'* .. 11 ** * .. .. ** * * * **'* .. *. ** .... * 'It. * '* '* *** * '* *** '* • .. * .. * *.'* '* * .. '*** .. .. ** * .. ... * '*. • *** .. * _ ••• .. ***. '* .... '* '* *. * * * ** * * '* ** * .. it ** * *

LA

*.*** **'*'** .*.** • ** ** * ** ** ***'** ***** **'*** ***** ***** * ** ** '***** ***** ***** .*.** ***** *_ •• * ***** *.*** ***** * ••• * ***'*'* ***** *****

~S

STATE

CHART 7

***** ***** ***** * •••• ****. ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** **'*** .'**** ***** ****. ***** .**** ***** ***** **.** **.*. ***** ** .. ** ***** ***** .*.** •• * •• .,*ft* *.*** . .. ,­** .... ,_ .. -, .*_ .. *_.*. .*.*­._*'it. .*"".* ft.ft**

OK '

, ~i ijl

, I J , ,

11:37 fRIDAY, MARCK 2B. 1980

**.** • •• *. * •• *. ***ft. * •••• ••• ** .... _-*.*.* ••• *­.... ". - * •• * .***. ***.­*-.- . * ••• -_ ••• * * •••• ,--** *' **.

SC

***** ._.** . ... ,­--*-* *_ ••• *.,.**

* - .. - -**.** .. _ ... • •• *. *ft •• _ ., ... ... -.. **, •• **,.** ** ...... ..*** ***** * __ ft*

ft*.** .**.­** * .... ..*** . __ .... **** .. _ ..... ***** ...... *.""*­•• 1t- ...

* ... ** ** •• * .* .• , *-*., ****' ***'** .- ... *._* .. .* ••• *.,* • *.* •• ... ,. .. *** •• ••••• *.*** ..**­••• '* .. ****. -.- .. *_ •••

IN

:3

•

•

•

CHAPTER ItI: STAFFING

,A major portion of most budgets is personnel costs. Please note

from TABLE 1 that while no data was gathered on number of community

services personnel, data was collected on the number of correctional

officers and total institutional personnel (corrections officers plus

treatment and support personnel).

CHART 8 depicts the ratio of inmates to correctional officers.

The taller the bar the less favorable the ratio. Mississippi's in-

mate/officer ratio is 6.6 to 1 compared to Louisiana's 3.1 to 1.

This does not mean that there is one guard for every six inmates at

the penitentiary. Beca' 3e the penitentiary operates 24 hours a day

the 513 Mississippi correctional officers are spread out over 3 shifts

per day, 7 days per week. The average number of officers on duty at

anyone time is 103.

21 man shifts per week .;. 5 shifts per man = a minimum of 4.2 officers to cover 1 position. With vacation and sick leave taken into ac­count, it takes 5 officers to cover 1 position 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.

513 .;. 5 = 103

This figure will vary by day of the week and time of day. With 2400

of the state's 3399 inmates at Parchman or in a satellite facility,

the inmate to officer ratio is, on the average, 23 to 1 (2400 .;. 103

23).

CHART 9 compares inmate/staff ratios for total institutional

staff (corrections officers plus treatment and support personnel).

14 •

.~~~~~--""-"'-""'-""'-""""'---------------""";":""""'-~-----------------""!!""-------•

•

•

As evidenced by the bar chart Mississifpi and South Carolina fall

further behind in this comparison indicating that non-correctional

officer staff (educational, medical, counseling and administrative

staff) is small relative to the number of inmates •

15 .

j/ III " • .~ HI ,..,

I!

~

'! or::R f:TO -7 + ,...

.' tit"'. ** 'III ... " •

*** ...

'it! (, + , • 'III ...

**.111. _ .... iii" • iii" ......

Ii' " ....

5 + .- .. ,. **111"111 •• * •• .... ,

It _ ..... .. • • .. *

Ij _ •• t.

,. .. , 'III ..

1 ... "'. ,,*.,. ... *. 3 • 'III ... * 'It

'"1 'It' ..... II •••••

.. * •• * ... " .. 1"'1

"

? + .... *. .. ... .... * •••• .... -.. r, • ... * ..

/' + · , ...... ,. •• III ..

.. • .. 'III of:

T • * ...... ,. .... ,. 'It

Af ".. ,I

':1

,.-. ;1

r:i

r· 'If

n. ., . .rl II

11

, I'

.,...

.\

.' {

RATIO OF INMATFS TO CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS

R'~ CHA~T OF OfC~ ~T~

.*.*. * ••••

***** •••• * •• It •• • **.* ••••• * •••• • •••• •• * •• 'III' ••• * ••• * . ..... ...... * .. ••••• tII*_._ * ••• , , .... _.* .. •• *.-.• * •• ...... .. t .... -a* •• _ ••••• t*'.' , .... '*.'*** ... * •• ** •• , ***** •••• * i*.* .. ***** .... * .. ... * ** *.**. ***** •• ** • ** •• * •• *.* *_.*. .. .. .. . . • ... *. ••••• ••••• ...... * •••• ***** • *.** " ...... .. " *. * ••••• *---* * •• * .. .. ....... *._ ... _ .. t ...

• * .... * ...... • 1\"'*. .* ••• ••••• ...... ., ... •• ** • ....... " .. ." .* "tt,_ ttt._ _t __ .

••••• .... - **t* • - III ••• . .... ... . *.'.- "'_t' • * .. t ... ** ••• ••• *. ..,. "t" ...... * .. * .... •• t*. • **.-...... ........ . ••• *. .*.-. .. . .. . . • • • '* • '* •• '* .. •••• * ... ,.* ..... ** .***. _., ..

LA '1S

STATE

CHART 8

. , ~ 1 '.'

"

t ' , I. ' . il {, \

•~: ~,

'\

12:15 ~EONESOAYt MARCH 19. 1900 " ....,

':' ... ** ...... ....... ...., 'Ii .....

• ... * .. .* •• * * ... * .. "\ • '* ..... t ... '* * * •••• .* ••• **'**

'1 .. ...... ,_ .... • .... * .* .... '1 ...* •• ,. ..... ...... , •• ** *** ... **'*-*

') ...... • •• ** .. * ..... *t._ . ... .. * * .. .*.** ') ..... * • , ...... ,,'t. * ••• *-'* ..... • * .... " ..... • •••• '"' ..... * .•. *-..*t. ."tt, .tot ... .. ... t * * ...... _ ... ,

') ._,. -- · ...... t. '* ... "".-*' .... t.

tt. __

..... t .... ft * .. ........ • ** * * ')

SC T'J "'I

""'I

'" '1

"'I

'" '1

'" f-1 "'I 0'1

'"'"

.... "I

1

.... I;

~l

~, ,I

"'. I'

,.. I

,., ,,'

,. "

,. /t

• 5.0 +

~.5 +

3.0 +

2.5 +

2.0 +

1.5 +

1. Q +

O.S +

* •• ,. • II.t, II .... Ii III

, ... . ....... .. .. .. .. II&'

• .. 111 .. * * .... II II ... ,. .. .. .. .. .. • .. III * .. .. * t .... ... , .. .. III ... * ....... ••••• t ...... .. .... III .. ..

".*­• .... III .. .. .. .. .. III ••. *­· ........ * * 111 t .. _ .... .. til .. " .. ...... .. .. .. . .. .,'*' * •• t_ ... t_ ••••• ....... 111 .. .. .. . .. II .. " .. II II .... iii ,.. .. .. .. . .. 111 ........

,I' , " " • I'M' i- ll' t ~ . t j" ~ .. ,

."1 jl.I.L,~,

RATTO OF INMATES TO INSTITUTIONAL STAFF UAR CHART OF STAF_RTO

-._*. _ .... . .. * .... .. *.*t. . _t .. . , ... .. .. .. 111 .. .... -••••• .. " ... ,. .. ,. !II III ..

• •• "t iii * ...... , •• *­.. ...... ••••• * ...... III t"t __

II III .... .. _ ... . .. . .. . . ••••• -" .. .. .. * .... .. .. 111 • III

• • • • • II til * .... ......... .. t .... II

••••• ... ,. ••••• .. II .... .

* * .... .. ••••• .. III • * III .. .. 111 ...

.. 111 II .... . . . . .. KY

.... ** • .... " ... t"t." • t.t. t .......

... • * .. ... , . .......... ... .. . .. ...... .. ••••• ......... 'I •• " .,.,. .. .. l1li .. .. . . ... . ........ .. .... ,. .... •• t •• * ...... .. .. 0 .... .. " ... . ...... III ..

.. .. .. * "

... *.*

*., •• • t.'" ... *.* ••• *. ... ,. _ .... . ,.,. .. ,.­* .. *,. • •••• ..,., . ..* .... * •••• .*- .. ** .. .. * • * .. . ••••• -"._. • * '" "' .. .. ,,* •• .,.*' • - •• * ***, • ...*.* • •• * • * ••• * ••••• * ..... ••••• ••••• • •••• •••• * . .. ,. .. , .. ••••• ••••• .It •••

• •••• •••• * ••••• * •• _. ••••• • •••• ••••• ••••• I' *.,._ ._.-.

MS ST ATE

CHART 9

_._ .. .,._ . . ... -._._. , •• ** • ••• * "** •• -** •• • ••• ,l • •• * • ." .. t •• fI.

, it .. * .. ••••• • •••• . .. ". · .... . , ... . ••••• ••••• · " .. ". • •••• . ..... ,

OK

I, . "I , ;.' ,., .. ~! ~ .. 'o ',: ' ... 0.

.1 'II" If ~ 1.1l!· 'I'i" •;

12:15 WEO~ESDAYt HAR:H l~t 1980

•• t ••

•• *** ••••• .... , iII't ••

• •• *' • .*'**'* _ .... .... -• ••• * * •• t • • * ... . _ ... . .* .. . * It.'" • •••• ••••• ...... • •••• * •••• ., ... ••••• fI._" .*** • . ........ .*".* .. •• , * " .... ,. III * • * . .. , .. • •••• , .... * •••• * ... ". tt' •• .... ,-'It'.' • .... -" .... ... * III. . ....... • *.* .. ,t •• _ ••••• .,*" • . ... -., .. -• •••• • •••• • * III ... ••••• ** t·t '*

SC

* •••• t,._' ._,*­.. -*. • •••• t'.'_ • •••• __ tt_

* •••• • It * .. * t.t._ ._t._ , .. * It _

*'t.t • * ..... ..t._ • •• t •

• •••• _ ... -"I

"

5

•

•

•

CHAPTER IV: SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS

"SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS" is a very daring title for this portion

of the study data. This study does not presume to measure the ef­

fectiveness of seven state correctional agencies. However, some

elements of the survey are worthy of note within a limited concept

of "system effectiveness."

CHART 10 establishes that incarceration rates per 100,000 popu­

lation are relatively consistent, with the exception of South

Carolina.

CHART 11 compares the ratio of escapes (in one year) to total

inmate population. Despite an unfavorable inmate/staff ratio, Mis­

sissippi's escape rate is lower than average.

Despite the scarcity of data, TABLE 4, comparing recidivism

rates, is possibly the most interesting study result. Interesting

because what little data that was reported is very consistent. It

appears that states are moving toward a uniform method of deriving

recidivism rates: tracking a specific release population over a

specific time period and reporting the percentage of that population

returned to that state's prison system within specific time increments.

For example, Mississippi is tracking those inmates released from the

Mississi?pi State Penitentiary (MSP) during the fourth quarter of

1978. As shown on TABLE 4, 2.4% of that group had been returned to

MSP within 3 months, 4.6% (cumulative) within 6 months and 8.1%

within 1 year. If this trends continues (approximately 2% per

18 •

•

•

quarter), about 22 - 24% will have recidivated within 3 years of

release. This is consistent with the recidivism rates reported by

Arkansas, Louisiana and South Carolina.

TABLE 5 shows probation and parole revocation rates. As was

previously mentioned only Mississippi was able to report .

19 .

.....

..., 'II

..-, ,I

.... ,I

". I' ~.

"

'-'.

..... , "

r', "

,.., l:l

• ~AH.

360

330

300

270

21+0

21 :'

lkO

15(1

120

90

eO

30

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

.. , .. + •• **.

• ,**-***** *****

+ .......... ** •• -... *. . "'.*.

+ '* ...... .t*t_ • *.*-.. * *'''"

+ .-* •• * •••• 't.** ****It

I I~

if ," ..

...... **-** . **.-***** * ....... * .. * * * •••• * ...... •• * •• '* •••• **-** ***** .* .. ** *****

KY

INCARCERATIJN RATE PER 100,000 USING 1978 CEVSUS ESTIM~TES

UAR CHART OF RATE

.... * ... ••• *-* ...... * ,,*.- .. "".1 i ..... * ,.. .... * * ..... **' ***** :t * ** .. • *.*. ,~**** ., ... l!'" * .... .*.*. ~,* .... * . *.,. ,--*' .,'*-... ,. ..... -*._. ** * ... ••• ** .. *.* .. • *.t. . ' ...... ••• *t .,t .. * * ** ••• _ •• * • *** ... ***'*t: • * •• * • *t** ._** • .'Ii' * ... ***** ••• ** • *.* • ***** ****. • t**'* .* ••• .... ** .. • _.**

LA 11S

STATE

CHAR,T 10

***** .,.*** ***.* •• t_* .*'** .. * * ... -...... ***** ***** ***** •••• * *.*** *t*._ **** • ***** ***.* • ••••

OK

" 12:15 YEDNESDAY, MA~CH 13. 1980 6 ""

:"

....... "" *' *" _l'''.

****. -***. ** ...... ""'I .... .. .... ••• *. .... * .... '"'\ .",. t*_", ***** -,.*. ** .... *

'"'\

'***** ***** ** * 11"

....., **.,. fII"' __ ***.* •• '*' *,.* • '"'\

'***** . ._ ... -t* •• ' .,*-- ""\ . __ 11-... *** ."*' ""\ *** •• '*.** • .*.** .**** t_,t •

***** ***lIIt *'* •• .,.* • ""'I

***** *.* •• ••••• ., ... ._.* • .... -....... ."t • ""'I .*.*- .*.* • ***.* *** •• *.*.* •• *.* * •••• ....... '"'\ .**** .*.--.._ .. t_ ••• ...... ..*** ***** .t_ .. ""'I ***** *.* •• .* •• * .*It ••

SC TN ""I

'"' '"\

'"'\

~

N ~ 0

....

,., "

'il

~l

11

,...., ,/

".. I'

~. I

r ,,'

1':' ,

1,

n il

• » . .. il

0.07 +

0.06 +

0.05 +

O. Gif +

0.02 +

0.01 + .......... -A*.*. .'11:111*. ......

;~ , I \ • l~ll il:! ;\,i, •

.i • "Ii' ~ !:' .!, /', .t I t. ~ i ! fl. '

RATIO OF ESCAPES TO TOTAL INMATE POPULATION OAR CHART OF ES_RATE

***.* * •••• ....... lit" * .... ••••• .. * ...... ••••• .* ••• ..... t . , .. -•••• * .t* •• tillttt

****~ '*.* .... . ... ,. ••••• * •••• .. ...... ,. .. , .. • __ t_

•• '111.* • ••• • ...... ••••• ••••• **.** •••• * ••••• fttt •• ...... * .,_.t . -.....

., I: 1 • 12:15 ~EDNESDAY. HA1:H 19. 198D

.iI t ..... ttt.t

••••• * * ... * •• t •• .. , .. .... -.,t._ t.t.t t.t._ ••••• .. _ .. _ •• t. __ t*' .till' • •• **-_ .... __ .t. t.t .... _._ .. ••• t* ._ttt .. , ..

••••• ••• _t I

_ .... ,'.t _ *ttt_ tt.t.

••••• .... -••••• * ...... . ... , , •• t, .t._t _tt._ ......... .._.-. -*-- *.** • *.-.- ***** • t._, _ .. _ . __ t •• ••••• .... t_ • •••• --*, . ._.tt

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KY LA 'IS OK SC TN

STATE

CHART 11

2

"

22 •

•

RECIDIVISM RATES

RELEASE YEAR RECIDIVISM RATE (BASE YEAR) % RETURNED TO PRISON WITHIN:

3 Mos. 6 Mos. 1 Yr 2 Yr 2-1/2 Yrs 3 Yrs

AR 1973 19.1

KY -LA 1976 20.1

• MS 1978 2.4 4.6 8.1

OK

SC N/A 24.9

TN

• TABLE 4

23 •

• REVOCATION RATES

RELEASE YEAR REVOCATION RATE (BASE YEAR) Within 3 Mos. 6 Mos. 1 Yr

AR Prob. N/A N/A

Parole N/A

KY Prob N/A N/A

Parole N/A

LA Prob. N/A N/A

• Parole N/A

MS Prob: 1978 2.2 5.4 7.4

Parole 1978 3.1 5.2 10.9

OK Prob. N/A N/A

Parole N/A

SC Prob. N/A N/A

Parole N/A

TN Prob. N/A N/A

Parole N/A

• TABLE 5

! .. ,~

I

~'"