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,rc,'%ffir"% ffi''fu ffitu tlt dir - Jtt ^rl d@5 .,& Somoli ond Burmese Leqders Yisit Chino Rousing welcomes for President Osmon of Somolio ond Choirmon Ne Win of Burmo. w ffi Fffi ffi ffi_ -w ffi w-t tu *fu 3L ffi ffi'.4 ..'fu*# July 30, 1965 p# Teng Hsioo-ping Greets Ninth Congress of Rumoniqn C.P. Acceleroted " Escalation" Means Accelerated Defeot ' Johnson quickens ffiL"":'-rrT:"J:.' in Viet Nom into Self-Reliance in Malcing Precision Machine Tools

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Somoli ond Burmese LeqdersYisit Chino

Rousing welcomes for President Osmon of Somolioond Choirmon Ne Win of Burmo.

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July 30, 1965

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Teng Hsioo-ping Greets NinthCongress of Rumoniqn C.P.

Acceleroted " Escalation" MeansAccelerated Defeot

' Johnson quickens ffiL"":'-rrT:"J:.'

in Viet Nom into

Self-Reliance in Malcing Precision

Machine Tools

Neco Pwblicatiort. irt, Englisle,

The Polemic on the GeneralI-ine sf the Interffi etiofial

Communist Movement

This collection of importont documents of the Comnrunist Porty of Chino comboting Khruslrchov'srevisionism is of greot politicol cnd theoreticol significonce.

It contoins "A Proposol Concerning the Generol Line of the lnternotionol Communist Movement,'rput forword by the Centrol Committee of the Communist Porty of Chinc on June 14, 1963, ond the tenimportont oriicles written by the Editoriol Deportments of Renmin Eiboo (People's Doily) ondHongqt (Red Flog), nomely:

1. "The Origin ond Development ol the Di[ferences Between the Leodership ol the C,P.S.U.ond Qurrehes"l

2, "On the Question of Siolin";

3, "ls Yugoslovio o Seiolist Counlry?";

4. "Apoloqirts ol Neo-Coloniolism";

5, "Two Different Lines on the Question of Wor ond Feoce"l

6. "Feceeful Cocristence - Two Diometrhcrlly Opposed Policies";

7, "The Leders of the C,P.S,U. Are the Greetest Splitters oi Our Times"l

8. "The Proletorion Revolution qnd Khrushchov's Revisionism";

9. "On Khrushchou's Phoney Communism qnd lts Historicol Lessons for the lllorld"; ond

t0. "Why Klrrusheho.r Fel[."

The Appendices to the book comprise "The Letter of the Centrol Commiitee of the C,P.S.U.to ihe Cenirol Con:mittee of ihe C,P.C," dcted Morch 30. 1963. ond the "Open Letter of theCentrol Committee of the Communist Porty of the Soviet Union to All Porty Orgonizotions, toAll Commurrists oi the Soviet Union" doted July 14, 1963,

The publicotion of this book ot the present moment is of speciol significonce. lt deols r"liththe history of the struggle ogcinst Khrushchov's revisionism ond serves os o weopon to help thereoder recognize ond criticize "Khrushchovism without Khrushchov" and so corry on the bottleogoinst modern revisiorrism to the very end.

596 pages 20 X 11 cn. Cloth, haif cloth and carilboaril couers

Also auailable i,n French,, Gerntan, Japanese,

Russion, Sparzish and V ietndn"Lese

Published by: FOREIGN I-ANCUA€ES PRESS, Peking, Chino

Distributed by: GUOZI SHUDIAN, (Chino Publicotions Centre)

Order from your locol deoler or write direct to the

Mail Order Dept.; GUOZI SHUDIAN P.O,Box 3ee,Peking,Chino

PEKINGREVIEW

&* 4 {&,{k(BEIJING ZHOUBAO)

A WEEKLY MAGAZINE OF CI{INESENEWS AND VIEWS

July 30, 1965 Vol. VIII I\o. 31

CONTENIS

T}IE WEEK 3

ARTICLES & DOCUMENTS

Somali President VisitsChina

-Our Correspondent 5

Welcome to Chairman NeWin

- Our Correspondent 6

Teng Hsiao-ping GreetsNinth Congress of Ruma-nian C.P. 8

Accelerated "Escalation"Means Accelerated Defeat

- Renmin Ribao Ob-server 10

Activities of InternationalCommission in LaosShouid Be Suspended

- Renmin Ribao Com-mentator Lz

Imperialism and the Post-war Food Problem ofAsia, Africa and LatinAmerica

- Ku Mao 13

Self-Reliance in MakingPrecision Machine Tools

- Chin Yu-kun 15

R,OUND THE WOR,ID 18

ACEOSS THE LAND 2I

IiAT.{DICR,AFTS, SPOBTS 22

Fublished every Fridoy by PEKII'.lG REVIEWPoi Won Chuong, Peking (3?), Chino

Post Off ice Reg istrotion No, 2-922

Coble Addressr Peking 2910

Printed in the People's Republic ol Chino

July 30,1965

THr \ryErK1965 Siate Budget Batilied

After hearing a report by Vice-Prernier and Minister of Finance LiIlsien-nien on behalf of the StateCouncil, the Standing Commiitee ofthe Natici-ral People's Congress, at itsJuly' 22 meeting, adopted a resolu-tion ratlfying the 1964 final state ac-count and the state budget for 1965.

'Il.re resol-rtion noied with satisfac-tion that the results in carrying or-rt

the 1964 bruCget u:ere better thanoriginally estimated.

The resolution also called on thepeople of the rviroie count::y to in-r-plement this ys41's siate trudget. Fortl-ris purpose, it stressed, "the peopleoI the entire cor"tntry must bemobilized in a joinf ellolt 1o n'ral<e

the socialist education movementpenetrate sti1l deeper, launch amcverTieni lor increasing prodtictionand prac'cising economy, fu1ly taplatent potentialities, and make ener-geiic eff orts to cler.t'lop plodr...ction,reduce costs, expand purchases,stiinulate the market, open newsources of rel,enue and increase in-come. At the same time. strlct econ-omy must te practised, budget ex-penditures must be under stlictcontrol ancl the fur-rds r,-rust be usedrationally, so as to strive to achievea balance betrveen revenue and ex-penditure for the year as a rvholeand even a slight sLtrplus."

Chairman Mao Beceives

Li Tsung-ien

Chairrnan NIao Tse-tung receivedMr. Li Tsung-jen, acting presidentof the forrirer Kuomintang govern-ment, his rvife Ktto Teh-chieh. andI\tr. Cheng Ssu-yuan on Jul-v 27,

Later, Chairman Mao and his s,ife,Comrade Chiang Ching, entertainedthe three rvho ha.d returned lastweek from abroad at a lu.ncheon.

Shaking hand.s rvai'uly, ChairmanMao welcomed them and said that itwas very good that they had comeback. Li Tsung-jen expresseti hisown and his wife's happiness topersonally see, since their returtt,

that t.heir motherland had beconi:strong. "Our country," said Ctrlair-man illao, "is solnervhat strongerthan it r,;,as before, but it is still neltvery strong. lYe need to build it uglfor another trventy or thitty I'ears atlenst in orrlei to make it reallvstrong."

Li Tsung-jen told Chaii'i-i:an h,iacthat man;- people abroad ;,-carned fo::their rcctheliand and ealnesitryhoped to retnrn. To ihis ChairmanNIao replied: "lTe rvelconre anyomen'ho has gone abrcad and rvishes toeome back. Tlrcy rvill be treatedrvittrr courtesy after their retux'trl."He suggested ihat Li Tsung-jen visitvalious picces in t.l're country.

Chairman Mao Mee?s }Tomen's0elegation Frsm Zanzibar

Chairman Mao Tse-tur.rg on July 24nret and h.r.C a coidial talk rviihmen-ibers of tl-re Tanzanian uromen'sdelegation flom Zanzibar ied byIlaciarle Frl.ltrrr l(arirme, rvife ofFirst Vice-President Karurne of Tan-zania.

Poland's l{alional Day

A message giecting the leaclers olthe Polish United Wc,r'l<crs' Partyand the state and the Poljsh peopleon their achievements in buildi.ng so-ciaU.srn rvas sent by Chinese Partyanci siate leadet's on July 21, ihe eveof Poland's Nationai Day.

In Peking. \iice-Cl'rairrnan TungPi-rvu anC Vice-Plemier Chen Yia"ttended a reception given by thePolish Ambassador ierz-v l{nothe onthe evenir:g cf July 22.

Arnbassadoi 1ir,cthe, in hi.s s,ceech,

expressed the support of the PolishGovernment and people for ihe Viet-namese people's just sh:uggie.

Q,,roting \-ieilii;rese Plemier Pham\ran Dong's speech on APrii 8, hedeclared: "Tl.re \Tietiramese probiemmust be solved on ti-re basis of theprincipie of cessation of aggression,u'ithdlari'aI cf foreign troops fromViet Nam anC allou,ing the Vletna-mese peoirle to freely decide tlaeirowl-r matters.'2

Vice-Premier Chen Yi, who sPoke

at the reception, praised the Polishpeople for their unremitting effortsin defending peace in EuroPe andthe rest of the world. He condemnedU.S. imperialism for its iniquitousfostering of West German militar-ism. and expressed support for thePoiish people in their just struggleagainst the attempts of the WestGerman revanchists to change theOder-Neisse Irontier.

The Vice-Premier reiterated Chi-na's resolute and unreserved supportfor the Vietnamese people in theirresistance to U.S. agglession.

Korea's Liberation WarAnniversary

The 12th anniversary of the victoryof the Korean people's war againstthe U.S. aggressors and for theliberaiion of their fatherland wascelebrated in Peking on July 27 at areception given by the China-KoreaFriendship Association. Vice-PremierPo I-po and Korean Ambassador toChina PaI< Se Chang were amongthose present.

Speaking at the reception, bothWei Chuan-tung, Vice-President ofthe host organization, and Ambas-sador Pak Se Chang hailed the mi-litant friendship between the Chineseand Korean peoples which \,vas

forged in the common struggleagainst U.S. imperialism. Wei Chuan-tung pledged that the Chinese peoplewill for ever stand by the Koreanpeople and fight to the end lor vic-tory in their common cause.

Cuba's Armed UprisingAnniversary Marked

On the eve of the 12th anniversaryo{ Cuba's July 26 armed uprising,Chinese Party and state leadersMao Tse-tung, Liu Shao-chi, ChuTeh and Chou En-lai sent a jointmessage of greetings to ComradesFidel Castro Ruz and Osvaldo Dor-ticos Torrado.

The message praised the Cubanpeople for persisting in their strug-gle against the U.S. policies of ag-gression and intervention and de-fending their country and the fruitsof revolutlon.

Premier Chou Hails World ConferenceAgainst A- and H-Bombs

Premier Chou En-lai sent a mes-sage hailing the 11th World Con-ference Against A- and H-Bombswhich opened in Tokyo on July 27.

In his message, Premier Chou ex-pressed his deep sympathy and re-gards to the sufferers and bereavedfamilies that fell victim to atomicand hSzdrogen bombs in Hiroshima,Nagasaki and Bikini. He pointedout that "at present mass movementsIaunched by the people of all coun-tries against U.S. nuclear blackmailand nuclear threat have grown so

vigorously that they have convergedand become a vast arrny for thedefence of world p€ace, and theJapanese people r,vho .,vere victims ofthe catastrophe caused by U.S. atombombs are the glorious vanguard ofthis army."

Exposing U.S. imperlalism's collu-sion rvith certain other nuclearpowers in propagating the fraud ofbanning nuclear tests and preventingnuclear proliferation, Premier Chousaid: "U.S. imperialism has conduct-ed hundreds of nuclear tests andmanufactured and stockpiled largequantities of nuclear weapons. Itsnuclear bases, nuclear submarinesand nuclear-capable planes are sta-tioned all over the world. In thesecircumstances, does not the so-calledbanning of nuclear tests and preven-tion of nuclear proliferation actuallygive the United States the preroga-tive to maintain its nuclear monopolyand practise nuclear blackmail forpurposes of aggression, while depriv-ing other countries of their right todevelop nuclear weapons and resistthe U.S. nuciear threat in self-defence ? "

Premier Chou reiterated that theChinese Government and peopleconsistently stood for the completeprohibition and thorough destructionof nuclear lveapons. He said: "Chinais developing nuclear weapons pre-cisely for the purpose of breakingthe nuclear monopoiy and bringingabout the thorough destruction oInuclear weapons. The Chinese Gov-ernment has solemnly declared againand again that at no time and in nocircumstances will China be the firstto use nuclear weapons. It has alsoproposed a summit conference of all

the countries to discuss the questionof the complete prohibition andthorough destr"uction of nuclear wealFons and, as the first step, that thesummit conference should reach anagreement on not using nucleat weap-ons. Prohibition of the use of nu-clear weapons is the key to theprevention of a nuclear t'ar and thedestr-uction of nuclear weapons. A11

proposals and measures that evadethis issue are advantageous to U.S.imperialism and disadvantageous tothe people of the world. We main-tain that so long as thi people ofthe world strengthen their unity andpersist in struggle, a nuclear war canbe prevented and nuclear rlv-eapons

can be prohibited.Noting that the conference rvas

being held at a time when U.S. im-perialism was stepping up its aggres-sion in Viet Nam, Premier Chou saidthat, in their patriotic anti-U.S.struggle - the focus of the anti-irrrperialist struggle today - the Viet-namese people were making a majorcontribution to the eause of ther,l,orld's people to win and safeguardnational independence and defendworld peace. "It is the sacred obli-gation of all people who treasureindependence and freedom and cher-ish peace to firmly support theVietnamese people's just struggleagainst U.S. imperialist aggression,"he said.

Premier Chou paid tribute to theJapanese people for standing alwaysin the forefront ol the struggleagainst U.S, imperialist aggression,and he pledged that the Chinese peo-ple would be unswervingly on theside of the Japanese people and reso-lutely support their struggle for in-dependence, democracy, peaee andneutrality. He -,l,ished the conferencesuccess and expressed confidencethat "it will carry forward the glori-ous traditions of its predecessorsand further encourage and mobilizethe people of Japan and all othercountries to make new contributionsin frustratin'g U.S. policies of warand aggression, in realizing the loftyaims of the complete prohibition andthorough destruction of nuclearweapons and in the defence of worldpeace."

(Continued on p. 20.)

Peking Reoiew, No. 3I

Somoli President Visits ChinoDRIENDSHIP ties between China"f and many African countries arebecoming closer and stronger thanever. The recent state visit ofSomali President Ad,en AbdullaOsman, who accepted the invitation ofChairman Liu Shao-chi and PremierChou En-lai in February last yearwhen the latter visi.ted Mogadishu,has added a new page to the annalsoi a time-honottred fi'iendshiP.

The President ancl his l8-memberentourage arrived in Peking on July21. Several hundred thousand peoplein the capital were on hand to greetand cheer the guests from the Hornof Africa.

There were colourful scenes allalong the route as the Somali Pres-ident, accompanied bY Chairman Liuand Premier Chou, drove frorn Peking Airport to theGuest House. Peking's tree-lined streets were a conglo-meration of colours, rvith flags, bouquets, bunting andgaily dressed girls in the crowd, all against a gl-een

background. In the heart of the city, Tien An MenSquare, around 2,000 artists, both professional and

amateur, performed traditional dances of rn'elcome as

the Somali President's open car wound its way through.

Sino-Somati friendship 'uvas reaffirmed by the lead-ers of the two countries at the banquet given by Chair-man Liu on the evening of July 21. The host praised

the Somali people for their glorious tradition of fight-ing lmperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism and

their suecesses in strengthening national independence

and building up their country. o'somalia has pursued

a policy of 'positive neutrality and non-alignment,'supported the fen Princlples of the Bandung Con-

ference and worked for the strengthening of the cause

of Afro-Asian solidarity," said Chairman Liu.

Chairman Liu declared: China, which consistentlysupports the African people's struggle against imperial-ism, has, in its relations with the African countl'ies,always abided by the principles of mutual respect,

equality among all countries, big or small, and non-interference in each other's internal affairs.

Speaking of Afro-Asian unity against impelialism,the Chinese leader noted that the African peoples'

struggles against imperialism and olcl and new colonial-ism had rendered porverful support to the Asian peo-ples. The Asian peoples' struggles against the policiesof war and aggression of the imperialist co'.tntries

July 30, 1965

Afro-Asion Solidority

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Presirlent Osman at the state banquet given in his honour by ChairmaaLiu Shao-chi (centre). Vice-Chairman Tung Pi-rvu is on the right

headed by the United States, he said, likewise weregiving pov,-erful support to the African peoples.

Chairman Liu reiterated that the Chinese peoplewould use every possible means to help the fraternalVietnamese people thoroughly defeat the U.S. aggres-sors, This is because "the Vietnamese people are fight-ing not only for their orvn independence and dignityand the peace and security of Indo-China, but also forall other countries and peoples suffering from U.S.aggressi.on, interference, control and bullying."

He decla.red, "W'e Afro-Asian peoples are awak-ened, revolutionary and determined peoples. Those whohave not yef attained independence wi]l win it; andthose who have done so will consolidate their inde-pendence,"

In his speech, the Somali President referred to his-torical records showing the centuries-old friendshipbetween the Chinese people and his own' He thankedChina for its assistance to the Somali people.

President Osman said that the struggie of theChinese people against the forces of reaction and im-perialism had been an inspiration to the strugglingmasses of Africa,

During the Somali guests' stay in the Chinese

capital, Chairman Mao Tse-tung received PresidentOsman and had a cordial and friendly talk with himand members of his party. The Somati President also

held talks wi.th Chairman Liu Shao-chi and PremierChou En-lai.

In their talks, the leaders had a full exchange of

viervs on international issues of common interest and

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on the qLlestion of strengthening {riendship and co-operation between the trvo countries. In internationalrelations, declared Fresident Osman at a banquet hegave for iire Chinese leaders, "our two governmentsshare a courmon approach on several of the majorissues." He noted that the basis for Afro-Asian soli-darity rvas secured as a result of the Bandung Con-ference ten yea::s ago and that co-operation betrveenmember states '"vould be further extended anci strength-'ened by the forthcoming Second African-Asian Con-ference. The Somali Presi.dent also stressed that thestr:uggle for African freedom was far from completeand it r','ould have to continue with e'.zen greater inten-sity until the last remnants of colonialism were oustedfrom African shores.

In mentioning colonialism, the Somali Presid.entsaid that one must guard a-gainst its appearance notoniy in the poiitical but in the economic -<phereas well. He also pointed out that "continued presenceof foreign military bases in dependent and inCeper-rcient

countries is not onl;r another form of colonialism buta major contributing factor to the maintenance ofinternational tcnsion.''

"As a head of an AIt'ican sta'1e," President Ostlanadded, "I cannot describe sufficiently our apprecizrtion

Sino-Bur mese F riend?hi p

of the moral and material support which the People'sRepublic of China has given to the African peopiesin the struggle a.gainst the forces of colonialism anditl:rperialism."

Premier Chou En-lai also spoke at the ba,nquetr.vhich rvas attended by Chairman Liu and r.nan,v otherChinese leaders. IIe expressed the conviction that allAsian-African countries, by rel-ving on their orvn efforisand helping each other, rvould be able to do arvay rvithpcverty and back.,vai:dness. "Both past history andrecent events have forcefully shor,,,n that anylhing theVy'estern cotintries can do we Afro-Asian coutrtries arealso fuily capable of doing," the Chinese Pi:emierpointed out. I.{oting that the imperialists, rvho ',vereputting up last ditch struggles, $,e::e trying by everymeans to sow discord betr,',reen Asian-African counti'ies.Premier Chou said that "the primary task facing theAfro-Asian countries is to fr-rrther strengthen theirsolidarity and fight together to defeat the imperialists'schemes of aggression and war and frustrate theirattempts to undeln-rine Afro-Asian unity."

President Osman left Peking on July 25 and touredctirer Chinese cities before conclucling his visit.

- OUE CORRESFOATDB]VT

sc,,Lrare -

an animated sea of colours and of rvavingbanners and ilorr ers

- ycung men and w-olnen ciressed

in the lorrely costumes of China's many nationalitiessang folk songs and performed foik dances.

Chinese ond Burmese Leqders MeelExchanges of r.isits bet.uveen Chinese and Burmese

leaders har.e been frecp-rent in recent years. ChairmanLiu rvent to Burma trvo years ago, and Premier ChouEn-lai and Vice-Plemier Chen Yi have been to Ran-goon man\r times. Chairmau Ne Y,lin has aiso rzisitedCtrina several times, each time adding a new page tothe annals of Sino-Burmese friendship. His currentvisit and his talks t,iti-r Chiitese leaders rvili contribritefurther to ihe strengihenir-rg of {riendly ties betweenthe tr-o coun{r'ies.

On July 26, Chailman I\{ao Tse-tung met Chair.man Ne Win and meml:e::s of his part5, and ihey hada cordiaL and frienclly coirversation. On the eveningof Ju.1y 24, shortly after their arrival, China's dis-tinguished guests were entertained at a state banquetgiven b5r Chairman and Madame Liu Shao-chi.

Speakirig at the bai:quet, Chai;:man Liu noted thatSinc-Burmese friendly relations had been developingthrough the joint efforts of the Governments and peo-plcs of tire trvo countries. "Our tlvo cotitrtries," he

\ffeleome to Cheirnrqm Fde WimD)EKING u-as in a festive rnood on July 24. Colouredl- banners and strcamers atop the tal.i br-riidings alongCl-iangan Boulevard. its main thoroughfare,' glitteredin the summer sun as the capital's citizens lookedforrvard eagerly to the arrival of General Ne Win,Chairman of the Revolutionary Council and of theCouncil of Ministers of the Revolutionary Gol,ernmentof the Union of Burma. In the afterrioon, huirdreds ofthousands of people filled the hr-rge Tien An i1"{en Squarein the heart of the city and thronged the route fromthe airport to the Gu.est House.

The welcome the capital's citizens gave that dayto Chairman and Madame Ne Win, both at the airportand in the city p1'oper-, was a gay pageant of color-t:: andof dances and music. It vivicily expressed the tradi-tional good-neig1'rbour lela,tions betr,r.een China andBurma anC the deeit poukplzczo (kinsmanlike) senti-ments the Chinese and Burmese peoples share.

After a r,'-elcoming ceremorly at the airport, Chair-man Ne Win. accompanied by Chairman Liu Shao-chi.and Premier Chou En-iai, drove in an open car to theGuest House. Y'ihen the motorcade came to Tien AnI\{en Sqna::c, cver tvl-rich six large balloons trailedslogans of frienclship and lveicome, tens of thou.sand-sof people gather:ed there gave the guests a tremendouscheer. As the cars s1ow.15, made their rvay around the

6 Peking Reuiettr, No. 3l

sa:rd, "irave set an example insettling the bourndary questionin a friendly spirit. We werethe first trvo countries in thenerv emerging Afro-:\sian com-munity to sign a t::eaty offriendship 'and mutual non-aggi'ession. The most im-portant reason why rl,e hravebeen able to achieve this inspir-ing development in our rela-tions of friendship and co-operation is that both ourcountries have consistently ad-hered to the Five Principles ofPeaceful Coexistence rvhich wejointly sponsored. In our rela-tions we have truly upheld theprinciples of mutual respect,equality and mutual benefit, andnon-interference in each other'sinternal aff airs. We have al-\ :ays succeeded in settling issuesbet'"veen us in a friendiy spirit. treasuring ortr trvo peo-ples' friendship and the i.nterests of solidarit-.- againstimperialism."

Referring to the inlernational situation. ChairmanLiu drew attention to the vigorous development of theworldrvide struggle agalnst imperialism, coionialismand neo-colonialism. He paid tribute to the south Viet-namese people for their heroic resistance to LT.S. ag-gression. He said: "U.S. imperialism thinks itseliomnipctent aud is making :r bid for world domination.but it is being badly ma,-ried by the 14 million peoplein south Viet Nam; it has been dt'iven into an impas;.'.In an attempt to save itself from clefeat, it is sendinglarge reiniorcements to south Viet Nam and steppingup its bcmbing of north Viet Nam. But these madattacks rvi11 never cor.v the heroic Vietnamese peopie."

Praising the staunch spirit of the Vietnamese peo-pIe in face of intensified U.S. aggression, ChairmanLir-r said: "The Chinese Government and people firmlyand unreservedl;, support the fraternal Vietnamesepeople in their just strr-rggle to liberate the sor-tth,

defend the north and reunify their country. Togetherwith the rest of the peoples of the rn'orid. u'e u'il1 carryon the struggle to halt U.S. imperialist aggressionagainsf Viet Nam and safeguard peace in Asia andthroughout the world."

Chairman Liu exposed the "peace ta1k" hoax usedby U.S. imperialism "to induce the Vietnar,rese peopleto 1ay down their arrns before the aggressors and stoptheir resistance, or, in other wotds, to surrender toU.S. imperialism." He added: "In order to really solvethe Viet Nam question, the opinions of the Vietnamesepeople must be respected and the 'peace talk' hoax ofthe United States and its followels niust be opposed,otherrvise it rviIl be de'urimental to the Vietnan-rese

JtLly 30, 1965

A colourful rvelcome for Chairman Ne Win at Tien rln Man Square

people's cause of fighting against U.S. aggr.ession andfor naiional salvation."

Chairman Ne Win, in his speech, stressed that"the Chinese and Bui'mese peoples are bound by tradi-tional bonds of friendship and culture and share manybasic principies which are necessary for the main-tettance of rvoi'1d peace and the promotion of friendlyt'elatiorrs aud co-operation among naij.ons in the worldtodal'." Noting that both Burma and China believedin the peaceful coexistence of eountries rvith differentsociai s;'siems on the basis of the Five Principles, hesaid: "The good neighbour'ly relations existing betweenthe Ui-rion of Burr:::zr anC the People's Republic of Chinaclearly demonstrate that the tr,vo countries obsenethese basic principle.s in their mutual relations."

Chailman Ne Win went on to say that a mainsource of international tension v,'as a disregard of theseelenlenlary principles governing international reia-tioirs and flagrant interventions in the internal affairsof nerviy independent courntries.

Ti.re Burmese ieader underscored the developmentof independent national economies on the basis of self-reliance and of mutual assistance and co-operatioa, inaccordance with the principles of equality and mutualbenefit, as an important condition for consolidatingpolitical independence.

Chairman and Madarre Ne lVin and their partyleft Peking on July 27 for a tour of northeast China'Before their departure, they gave a banqr,ret for theChinese leaders. Chairman and I\{adame Lir-r Shao-chi

ancl Premier Chou En-lai were amcng those whoattencled.

_ OUR CORRESPO}VDEI/?

Teng Hsioo-ping Greets NinthCongress of Rumonion C.P.

The followirry speech, lur,os delloered by Teng Hsiao'pittg, Lead.er of the delegati,on of the Chi.nese Com-murnst Party and General Sect'etary of the Part'g'sCentral Com.mittee, at the Julg 20 sessiorz of the N|nthCongress of the Rumnnian C.P.-Eil,

Dear comrades,

The Delegation of the Communist Party of Chinais very glad to accept the invitation of the RumanianCommunist Party and to attend its Ninth Congress.Entrusted by the Central Committee of the CirineseCommunist Party, we extend our warm fraternal greet-ings to the Ninth Congress and to all the members ofthe Rumanian Communist Party and the Rumanianpeople on behalf of all our Party members and the Chi-nese people.

The Rumanian Communist Party is a Party with aglorious revolutionary tradition and a militant history.It led the Rumanian people in a prolonged at-rd heroicstruggle for the liberation of Rumania and ttre victoryof socialism. In 1933, the Rumanian Comtnunist PartyIed the well-known strikes of the railr,r,ay rvorkers andoil workers, rn'hich wrote a splendid page in the annalsof the Rumanian revolution. Despite brutal suppres-sion by the reactionary ruling class, the RumanianCommunists and revolutionaries always held therevolutionary banner aloft and constantly furthered therevolutionary cause. In 1944, the Rumanian CommunistParty ied the glorious August 23 armed uprising andol'erthrew the reactionary rule of the Germ.an fascistsand their lackeys in Rumania, thus opening up a new.rra in the history of Rumania.

Since the liberation of the whole country, theF(umanian Communist Party, holding high the bannerof Marxism-Leninism, has firmly relied on the workingclass, rallied the entire working people, for-rnded thePeople's Republic and instituted the dictatorship ofthe proletariat. The dictatorship of the proletariat hasensured Rumania's advance on the road of socialistrevolution and socialist construction.

Under the leadership of the Rumanian CommunistParty, Rumania has achieved great victories in its so-cialist revolution. You have persisted in the policy ofabolishing capitalist ownership and carrying out so-cialist indristrialization. In the rural areas, you haveachieved agt'icultural co-operation.

The Rumanian Communist Party has achieved bril-liant successes in socialist construction by follovring the

8

policy of giving priority to the active mobilization olthe strength of its orvn people, the maximum utilizationof the country's own resources and the tapping ofinternal potentialities. Practice has testified to the cor-rectness of your persistence in the line of independencein construction. We are very glad to see that youreconomy is in excellent condition. Over the last 20

years, the Rumai-rian national econolny has madeconstant progress. Rumania is no longer "an afflictedcorner of Europe," but has become an advancedindustrial-agricultural socialist country.

The Rumanian Communist Party is following anexternal policy of strengthening its friendship and co-operation with the other socialist countries, supportingthe struggles of the peoples for liberation, opposingthe imperialist policy of aggression and striving forpeaceful coexistence betr,veen countries tvith differentsocial systems. It has waged active struggles and madesignificant contributioirs to the cause of opposing im-perialism and rvinning world peace. nati'onal liberation,people's democracy and socialism.

The Rumanian Communist Party has resolutelyupheld the principls-r guiding the relations among fra-ternal Parties and fraternal countries laid dorvn in the1957 Declaration and the 1960 Statement. It has wageduncompromising struggles to defend the legitimate in-terests of socialist Rumania, the principles guidingrelations among fraternal Parties and fraternal coun-tries, the unity of the international communist move-ment and the unity of the socialist camp, and has madeimportant contributions.

We are glad to know that your present congresswill discuss and adopt a new Party consti.tution. Webelieve that the adoption and implementation of thenew Party constitutibn are bound further to strengthenthe role of the Rumanian Communist Party as thevanguard of the working class and enhance the Party'sIeadel'ship in your socialist state.

We are glad to know that the present congress u,illdiscuss and adopt a new five-year-plan directive for thedevelopment of the national economy and a ten-year-plan directive for the utilization of power resources andfor the electrification of the country. We believe thatunder the leadership of the Run-ranian Communist Party,the Rumanian people will certainiy fuifii these twomagnificent plans and push the cause of socialistconstruction in Rumania to a new stage.

Peking Reoieu, No. 3I

Comrades, under the leadership of the ChineseCommunist Party and Comrade Mao Tse-tung, theChinese people have scored great achievements in so-cialist revolution and in socialist construction. In recentyears the situation of our national economy hasimproved year by year, and a new upsurge is takingshape in industrial and agricultural production. Weare well aware that the imperiaiists and their lackeysare stili threatening us. New difficulties and short-comings will unavoidably emerge on our road of strug-gle. But none of these can prevent the Chinese peoplefrom continuing their victorious advance. The Chinesepeople are determined to build their country into apowerful socialist state with modern agriculture, modernindustry, modern national defence and modern scienceand technology in not too long a historical period. Weare by r-ro means isolated in our struggle. We have con-stant international support and encouragement fromRumania and other fraternal countries, from all friendlycountries and the revolutionary people of the world,for rvhich \^,e expless heartfelt gratitude.

We have always maintained that the countries ofthe socialist camp are the outcome of the struggleswaged by the international proletariat and rvorkingpeople. The socialist countries belong to the interna-tional proletariat and working people as \(/e11 as to theirown peoples. It is preciseiy because of this basic pointthat the internal and external policies of our countrycannot but reflect the common demands of the inter-national proletariat and working people. Therefore,we maintain t,hat socialist China can fulfil the prole-tarian interrrationalist obligations incumbent on heronty by upholding the theoretical positions of Marxism-Leninism, upholding the revolutionary principles of the1957 Declaration and the 1960 Statement. and pul'suingMarxist-Leninist internal and external policies.

The present international situation is excelient. Therevolutionary f orces of the people of the wor:ld aregror,ving stronger and stronger. The forces of impe-rialism and reaction are on the decline. But the reac-tionary decadent forces u,i11 never leave the stage ofhistory of their or,vn accord. In the face of the tem-pestuous waves of the revolution, they are carrying ondesperate struggles.

As the Declaration and the Statement ha.,,e pointedout, U.S. imperialism is the chief buh,vark of vu'orld reac-tion and the s..r,orn enen-Iy of the people of the world. Itis riding roughshod ovel the people everyr,vhere and do-ing all sorts of evil. It is the ringleader of aggression andwar. It is reviving West German and Japanese milita-rism as its accomplices in aggression and war. In order tofight against the U.S. imperialist policies of aggressionand war and to defend rvorld peace, the people of a1i con-tinents are becoming united, all peace-loving countriesare becoming united, and all countries subject to U.S.impelialist aggression, conirol, interference and bull;zingare becoming Llnited. A very broad international unitedfront against U.S. imperialism and its iackeys is grorvingand expanding.

Julg 30,1965

Today, U.S. imperialism is sterpping up its aggres-sion against south Viet Nam and wantonly boirrbing theDemocratic Republic of Viet Narn. The Chinese peoplefirmly and unt'eservedly support the fraternat Viet-namese people in their sacred struggle to liberate thesouth, defend the north and reunify their fatherl.and.We are determined to do everything in our powel togive assistance to the Vietnamese people, uirtil the U.S.aggressors are driven out of Viet Nam, totally,thoroughly and completely. We have made ali prepara-tions against any mad plans of U.S. imperialism to ex-pand its war of aggression.

The Chinese people firmly support the national-liberation movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America,support the working class and working people of thecapitalist countries in their struggle against nTonopolycapital and reaction in their own countries, support therevolutionary struggle of the people of alI countries, andsupport the anti-imperialist patriotic struggle of all thecountries and people subject to aggression and bullyingby imperiallsm headed by the United States.

The Chinese Communist Part;z has wolked un-swervingly to strengthen the unity of the internationalcommunist movement. We maintain that only by up-holding the theoletical positions ol Marxism-Leninism,upholding the revolutionary principles of the Declara-tion and the Statement and adhering to the principlesguiding relations among fraternal Parties and fraternalcountries is it possible to speak of genuine unity of theinternational comtrunist movement and of the socialistcamp.

In order to defend the purity of Marxism-Leninismand the revolutionary principles of the Declaration andthe Statement, the Chinese Communist Party, togetherwith all the fraternal Parties upholding Marxism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism,' will con-tinue firmly to combat modern revisionism, the maindanger in the international communist movement, andat the same time firmly to combat modern dogmatism,and will adhere in this struggle to the principle of eachcountry's integrating the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism with its own concrete practice of revolutionand construction and carry the revolutionary cause ofthe people of ali countries and international communismforrvard to new victories.

Comrades! The peoples of China and Rumania haveforged a profound friendship in the course of their longrevolutionary stf ilggles. The relations between our twoParties and counti'ies are in accord with proletarian in-terr-rationalism and the principles guiding relationsamong fraternal Parties and fraternal coltntries as laiddown in the Declaration and the Statement. We areglad to see that in recent years the friendly co-opera-tion betu,een our two Parties and countries have devel-oped still further and that mutual assistance and co-

operation between our countries in the political, eco-

nomic, cultur:al, scientific and technological fields have

been steadily strengthened. In our common struggleagainst imperialism headed by the United States and

the reactionaries of all countries and in the strugglefor world peace, national liberation, people's democracyand socialism, the Chinese people will alw-ays marchforu,ard hand in hand with the fraternal Rumanian peo-pie, u,'ith the fraternal peoples of the sociaiist camp andwith the oppressed peoples and nations throughout thewo11d.

We wish every success to the Ninth Congress of theRumanian Communist Party!

Long live the unbreakable friendship between theChines,e and Rumanian Parties and peoples!

Long live the great banner of invincible, revolu-tionary Marxism-Leninism!

AcceEeroted "Escolstio n" MesnsAcceleroted Defest

by OBSEEVEE

T T q IMPERIALiS&( is speeding up the escalation1-t .t-'/o of its war of aggression in Viet Nam.

At his press conference on July 13, U.S' PresidentJohnson clamoured that "new and serious decisions rvillbe necessary." He stressed that there would be "anincreased American response on the ground in sottth

Viet Nam" and "substantially larger increments oftroops which we have been supplying from time totime" so that these forces "will be available for moreactive combat missions." He also said that there lvouldbe "very careful replies against selected military tar-gets in north Viet Nam." This, in effect. nleans thatin spite of the continued, disastrous defeats they havesuffered in the Yietnamese u'ar, in spite of strong andcontinued opposition to thelr gangster activities, theU.S. aggressors are bent on giving a last desperate kick.No sooner had Johnson made public this declaration ofwar than Washington's military and adrninistrativechiefs McNamara, Wheeler and Lodge rushed to Salgonto study new adventurist moves for expanding the u'ar.

Commenting on the Johnson Administration's re-cent bellicose acts. the American press has been talkinga. lot about Washington's readiness to fight a Korean-type war in Viet Nam. Tlne Christian Science Monitarwrote that "Washington today rings u-ith t1"re grimsound of the war buildii'rg up faster and faster in VietNam." The same paper noted that "signs e.nd attitudesseem to add up to a single conclusion: the Llnited Statesis determined to press the rvar in Southeast Asia r.,,ithincreased vigor-rr and commitment." This has tmlyexposed the malicious designs of the Johnson Adn-rinis-tration.

In recent months the LTnited States has b,een climb-ing up the escalator of war in order to save itself frcmdefeat irr its u,,ar of aggression against Viet Nam. Itsmiiitary strength in Viet Nair has to date been increasedto more than 75.000 men. The U.S. Army and Marines,formerly coirrmitted only to defence, are now taking adirect part in offensive operations. ?he bombing ofnorth Viet Nam by U,S. planes has graduall;, moved

10

nor-thrvard from the 17th Parallel up to tl-re Sino-Viet-namese border; their attacks have been extended frommilitaly targets to the destruction of industrial centresand the killing of peaceiul civilians. All this, ho$.ever,has failed to extricate the U.S. aggressors from theirpredicament; instead. they are suffering even more dis-astrons blows. In this impasse, the Johnson Adminis-tration. like an irritated gambler playing a losing game.is raising its stake in the vain hope of u,inni.ng backwhat it has lost. The move it intends to make nowis to throw in large numbers of troops to escalate theground war while continuing to expand its air attackson north Viet Nam.

The United States, says Johnson, is sending Largenumbers of troops to south Viet Nam and taking adlrect part in the fighting because of "increased aggres-sion from the north." Lodge too claims that "northViet Nam has changed the nature of the Viet Namstrr-rggle by sending its army into south Viet Nam." Theseare mere pretexts. Johnson and his iike have alwaysused "aggression from north Viet Nam" as a cover formoves to expand the s,ar. But everybody knorvs that it isthe American robbers

- jike a thief crying "Stop thief l"

- l.,,ho are the aggressors in Viet Nam. When theserobb,ers commit murder and a.rson in sor-rth Viet Nam.it is natural that the people in the north should giveactive support to their o..vn flesh and blood in the south.The U.S. armed forces travel thousands of miles tocommit aggression agalnsL south Viet Nam, so r,vhydon't the peoptre of the north have the right to helptheir ou-n brothers to resist that American aggressi.on?

It is said that the nature of the Vietnamese warhas ciranged. If so, the change has taken place sinceU.S. imperialism concocted the Bac Bo Gulf incident,broke through the 17th Parallel, spread the flames ofwar to the north and, more recently, sent its groundforces to participate directly in the fighting on a largescale. As a result, the so-calIecl "special war" hasevolved into a U.S. imperialist war of aggression againstthe ivhole of Viet Nam, inio air iniernational lvar fought

Peki.ng Ileuieu, No. 3l

mainly by American soldiers with gangs of internationalmercenai'ies caught up in it.

Johnson and his like have been making a fuss about"increased aggression from the north', anci the changednature of the Vietnamese war. Why? Because theJohnson Administration is all set to expand the warof aggression againsi Viet Nam on a much bigger scale.This calls for men and money and necessitates warmobilization at home. But it is common knowleclgethat the Johnson Adrninistration's dangerous moves in"escalating" the u.,ar of aggression in Viet Nam findlittle support at home. Recently, in continuing todispatch reinforcements to south Viet Nam and orderingAmer'ican troops to take a direct part in the war, ithas not only eome up against stronli opposition amongthe masses but also met with increasing censure frommembers of the ruling classes. The painful lessons ofthe war of aggression against Korea are stiil fresh inthe nremct'ies of many Republicans and Democrats inCongress, and they are worried about the catastrophethe Johnson Administration's adventurist move rvillbring to the United States. In order to expand the warcf aggression in Viet Nam further, Johnson has noalternative but to resort to shameless lies in the hopethat rvith these lies he can get o'u'er the difficulties andobstacles at home.

The Johnson Administration has recently steppedup pr'eparations in many ways for a large-scale iocalwar. At home, it is rerrving up its war machine. Asrevealed by B. Ellington, Director of Office of Emer.gency Planning, the United States has already workedout a "national preparedness plan." Johnson and Mc-Namara have indicated that wartime mobilizationmeasures, such as ealling up reserves, extending thetours of duty of personnel in the forces, and increasingthe draft calls, are being considered, and that more than200,000 reservists may be called up. In south Viet Nam,the United States is hurrying up the construetion ofports and bases and planning to increase its forces

Johnson: Any rvay out of this fix?McNamara: Bring in another 100,000

there to around 200,000 within this year. The aim ofall this is quite evident.

Johnson has time and again declared that the Unite dStates does not seek a wider war. But now it is becon-r_ing increasingly clear that the Johnson .A.clministrationintends not only to keep on moving alorrg this dangerousroad of "escalation" but to accelerate the tempo ofescalation and expand the aggressive war in Viet Naminto a Korean-type one.

Jchnson brags a,bout "iircreased American responseon the ground." What does this medn? When hetalked in the past about increased response in the air,he meant exiending his air raids to the north and evento China. This is what U.S. Secretary of State DeanRusk was driving at when he said recently that ,,theidea of the sanctuary is dead." Fottowing their intrusioninto China's air space over Hainan Island, Americanplanes recently dropped bombs at China's doorstep andintr-uded over Hokow in Yunnan Province. Notv whenJohnson talks about an increasing ,,response on theground," does he not mean to say that the ,,groundwai'" rvill be expanded without limit? people can stillremember elearly how the U.S. war of aggression inKorea was expanded. The Johnson Atlministration istaking that same old road.

U.S. imperialism will not give up until it has losteverythii-rg. In face of the Johnson Administration'sgrave threat to fight a Korean-type war, the Vietnamesepeople have again and again expressed their determina-tion to persist in fighting to the end to resist U.S.aggression and save their country. If one year is notenough, then they witl fight for another ten years; ifthe fight cannot end in this generation, then the nextgeneration will carry it on. The Chinese people tooare prepared to cope with the adventurist U.S. impe-rialist plan to extend the war. No matter what hap-pens and whatever the cost, tve will resolutelyand without reservation help the fraternal Vi.etnamese

people wage their war of re-sistance to the end, until all theU,S. aggressors are driven outof Viet Nam. The United Statescan gain nothing by expandingthe war; it will only make itselfsuffer still heavier blorvs. Nomatter horv many more troopsthe United States may send toViet Nam, and no matter howtheir response in the air and onthe ground may grcw, only oneoutcome awaits the U.S. aggres-sors -

complete defeat. By es-

calating the rvar at an accelerat-ed speed, the Johnson Admin-istration is only hastening itsown defeat.

(" Renmin Ribao" articlepublished an Julg 22)

fliesl FIorv about it?Cartoon bA Hua Chun-rou

JdE 3A, 1965 1.1

Activities ofln Loos

Commissionlnternotiono I

Should Be Suspended

Ity COMMENTATOR

mHE Central Committee of the Neo Lao Haksat onI July 23 issued a statement on the activities of the

International Supervisory and Control Commission inLaos. The statement pointed out that, in contraventionof the relevant provisions of the 1962 Geneva agree-ments on the commission's terms of reference, the In-dian and Canadian membels, in the name of the com-mission, have constantiy shielded the U.S. imperiaiistintervention and aggression in Laos, thereby reducing itto a tool of American aggression. The Neo Lao Haksatmaintained that nolv it was opportune to deliberate thequestion of suspending the commission's activities. Toshow its good will. it tvould allow the commission tocontinue its activities within a definite time, providedthat it reaily pledged to respect Laotian sovereigntyand always observe the principle oI unanimity of thethree Laotian political forces and act in conformity withthe spirit and letter of the 1962 Geneva agreementson Laos. At this time, when U.S. imperialism is step-ping up its efforts to extend the flames of war inIndo-China, the Neo Lao Haksat statement on this ques-tion is timely and correct.

Controlled by the Indian and Canadian members,the commission passed some resolutions by an illegal"majority." These resolutions are a complete distortionof the truth about the Laotian situation and a flagrantdefence of U.S. aggression and intervention in Laos.

Since the signing of the 1962 Geneva agreements,the United States has never stopped its activities inviolation of the agreements. American military person-neI and satellite troops have been illegally brought intoLaos continually to direct and aid the Laotian Rightistsin attacking the patriotic forces. As a result, the flamesof war have been spreading. The United States hasdirectly sent its air force in wanton raids on the liber-ated areas and massacred peaceful inhabitants. Underits instigation, the Washington-controlled Laotian reac-tionaries, resorting to every despicable means, assas-sinated a minister of the National Union Government,overthror.vn the coalition government composed of thethree Laotian political forces and created a pro-U,S.puppet regime. The Indian and Canadian members areblind to all these stark facts. Turning a deaf ear to therepeated demancls of the Neo Lao Haksat, they are urn-willing to and dare not investigate, expose and conclemnthe criminal actions of U.S. imperialisrn. On the con-trary, abusing their power, they have openly defendedWashington's aggr'essive moves. They have gone so faras to manufacture lies about the stationing of D.R.V.

12

and Chinese troops in the northern part of Laos in anattempt to charge the Neo Lao Haksat, the D.R.V. andChina with violating the Geneva agreements. One cansee that over the past three years during which the corn-mission has been functioning in Laos, Arnerican militarypersonnel have not pulled out but have increased. Aceasetire has not been realized, but the war has beenextended in Laos as the United States more ferventlypushes its aggressive policy. This is the most objectiveappraisal of the w'ork of the commission. Facts haveshown that the commission, dominated by the Indianand Canadian members, has become a pliant tool forU.S, intervention and aggression in Laos,

The commlssion has repeatedly violated the Genevaagreements and those reached by the three Laotian po-litical forces and encroached on Laos' sovereignty.Despite opposition from the Neo Lao Haksat, theIndian and Canadian members oI the commission haveoften acted in accordance lvith the one-sided demandsof the Laotian Rightists or Prince Souvanna Phouma.Using the name of the commission, they have decided,in the absence of the Polish representative, to send a"permanent team" and "observer's groups" to variousparts of Laos. This runs completely counter to the prin-ciple of unanimity of the three political forces in theLaotian National Union Government as well as theprinciple laid down in the Geneva agreements that theactivities of the commission must have the approvaland full co-operation of the National Union Government.

The commission should fulfil its duties on the basisof complete respect for the sovereignty of the Kingdcmof Laos and in accordance u'ith the 1962 Geneva agr-ee-ments. But its actlvities in Laos in the last thlee 5.earshave overstepped its terms of reference. and ur-rCer-mined the letter and spirit of the Geneva agreements.This vicious behaviour on the part of the commission,which is manipulated by the Indian and Canadian mem-bers, in aiding and abetting the U.S. aggressors natural-ly has aroused the common indignation of the Laotianpeopie and many participants of the Geneva conference.The Chinese Government and people fully support thejust stand and correct proposition set forth in the July23 statement of the Neo Lao Haksat. The Co-Chairmenof the 1962 Geneva Conference on the Laotian questionand countries participating in that conference shouldrespect the just demand of the Neo Lao Haksat and de-liberate the question of suspending the activities of thelnternational Commission on Laos,

("Renmin Ribao," Jtty 26)

Pektng Reuie**, No. 31

lmperiqlism qnd the Postwo r Food Problem ofAsio, Africo Americoqnd Lqtin

Drastic changes in the pattern of food importsand exports by Asia, Africa and Latin America have beenbrought on by U.S. dumping of "surplus" food.Formerly important suppliers to the capitalist world,countries on these continents have been forcedto rely heavily on food imports. As a result, foodproduction has been gravely affected and a growingnurriber of countries are confronted with seriousshortages. Washington's action is designed to shiftthe effects of its own farm crisis on to othersand to dominate politically and economically the areasit unloads food on. It is essential for the Asian,,4.frican and Latin American countries to developtheir own independent economies, strive for self-sufficiency in food and free themselves from U.S.domination.

q INCE World War II, food exports and imports\J (wheat, flour, rice, barley, rye, rnaize, oats. millet,sorghum and other coarse grains) of Asia, Africa andLatin America have undergone significant changes.

Chonging Pottern

The changing pattern can be clearly seen from thefollowing.

One, exports have dropped sharply while importshave risen rapidly, as shown in the follorn'ing table:

TABLE ITotal Food Imports and Exports of Asian, Aftican anel

Latin American Countries and Eegions*(in thousand lons)

and Brazil betrn,een 1934-38, for example, wel'e 1,250,000tons and 892,000 tons respectively. They shot up to3,697,000 tons and 2,277,000 tons respectively in 1962.

On the other hand, food exports of the Asian,African and Latin American countries have progres-sivel5r fallen to a level far below the pre.'var figure.

Three, these countries have increasingly becomethe major markets for dumping by the imperialistcountries, and U.S. imperialism in particr-r1ar.

TABLE IIFood Imports From Five Capitalist Countriesr

(in thousand tons)

i938 1950 1960

Total food importsImports from five capitalist countries

from the United States

,, France

,, Canada

,. AustraliaPercentage of imports from the

live countries to total importsPercentage of imports from the

United States to total imports

8,2202 12,0503 20,640

1,680 1,710 16,540

820 "1,840 12,640

1,t00

160 890 980

700 1,980 1,670

20.1)1L 39.3'/" B0.l%

to.o% t5.3% 6L.2%

or",rl:;rr"or"t the united states. France, Italv,

r A!eI a!lc fur 19:l.l-383 Average for lgtrB-:i2Source: Grain crops 19.13, 1963 published for the Common-

wea,lth Economic Comrnittee bl"'Her Majesty's Stallonery Office"

Imperialist dumping has severely hurt food pro-duction in the Asian, African and Latin Americancountries, causing serious shortages. Per capita consump-tion of grain in a number of Asian, African and LatinAmet-ican couritries is lrom one-third to one-half less

than the normal requirement, and in some parts oIWest Africa it is only one-quarter the normal amountneeded.

U.S. Dumping - Chief Couse of FoodDifficulties

What has caused the drastic change in the patternof food imports and exports in Asia, Africa and LatinAmerica and brought on food shortages in these areas?

A large number of countries in these parts of the

world have gained political independence since World

War I1, but many of them have not yet br"rilt up theirown independent economic systems and freed themselves

Aoerage for Auerage fo, lg'g1934-38 1948-521960 1962

Exports 23,t80

Imports 8,220

Net Imports

10,750 9,190 13,530

16.480 20,640 21,050

5,730 11,450 7 ,520

9.820

12,050

2,230

* Throughout this article ligures do not include the socialistc()unlries, Jatlan and South Africa.

Source: Food, and, Agricutture Orllanization of the UnitedNations Trode yed,r Book, 1952, 1961, 1963.

Food has become an important import item in thesecountries. In 1962, imports amounted to U.S.$1,900miltion (including freight charges), or 6 pel cent ofthe totai.

Trvo, the number of food-exporting countries has

steadily declined and that of food-importing coun-tries has continuously increased. Net imports have

risen steeply. Annual average net food imports of India

Julg 30, 1965I3

from imperialist and color-rialist economic control. Theyremain suppliers of ralv materials and markets fol im-perialist commodity and capital export.

In many Asian, African and Letin Amer.ican coun-tries, the single-crop eccncm1/' lesultii-rg from impelialistdomination remains largeiy unchanged and it takes timeto effect a fundamental change. In Africa, for example,rubber output increased 14.5 fold in 1961;62 comparedwith the avel'age for 1934-38. Orzer the same period,the output of coffee. peanuts and cocoa rose by 430per eent, 120 per cent and ?0 per cent resp,ectivelywhereas grain production increased by only 48.3 percent. This one-sided developmeni of industrial cropshas reduced in relative terrcs the area solvn to grainand at the same time increased the demand for market-able grain.

The old and nerv colonialists headed by tl-re UnitedStates still orvn large tracts of laird in Asia, Africa andLatin America and this aiso seriously impedes thegrowth of grain production. Statistics show thatStandard Oil of Nen, Jersy, Texaco. and the Ar-rg1o-Iranian Oi1 Company alone irave seized more than 100rnillion hectares of land in these parts of the u,or1d.Furthermore, ruthless exploitation of the peasants onthese continents by the imperialists. through non-equivalent exchange has reduced them to dire povertyand made it impossible for them even to maintaintheir otiginal scale of production.

There are other factors at lvork. But the mostimportant factor dir:ect,ly r"esponsible fol the Ioodproblem in Asia. Africa and Latin America is U.S.dumping of "surplus" food.* Beginning in 1948. the"over-producticn" crisis in U.S. agriculture steadi11,worsenecl. In 1962. the gove rnment food stocksamounted to 98.8 million tons, i'oughly 60 per cent ofthe total U.S. food output that year. Under these cir-cumstances, Washington, in ordel io shifi, tl-re effectsof its or.vn farm clisis on to oihers and to gualanteesuperprofits to monopoly capital at home, resorted todumping food on the rvorld market, rvith special en-r-phasis on Asia, Africa and Latin America. This is doneby granting expolt subsidies and introducing suchprogrammes as "food aid" and "food for peace." Th'eproportion ol American food exports to Asia, Africaand Latin America to total U.S. food exports roserapidly from 24 per cent in 1954 to 37 per cent in 1g5Band to 46 per cent in 1962.

U.S. dumping has seriously disrupted traditionaltrade relations in food in Asia, Africa and LatinAmerica. Brazil had been a traditional market forArgentinian r,vh,eat and flour. As a result of Washington,sunloading on the Brazilian market, however, Argentina,swheat and flour exports to Brazil deciined 40 per centfrom an average 1.04 million tons in 1g4g/,S0-1g00,/b1 toan average 620,000 tons in 1960/,61-1961 162. In the same

* ''Surplus'' ir-t

stock of food whenfrom malnutrition.

14

the sense that there is a big unsalablemany people in tlre United States suffer

period., U.S. wheat and flour exports to Brazil shot upfrom 100,000 tons to 7.25 millicn tons. Similar.11,.Burma's ricc oxports 1o lndia and Pakistan feli 67 pelcent between l93B and 1960 because of Amelican com-petition. U.S. dumpi.ng in Western Europe and on othermarkets in the capitalist u,orld has also dealt a heavyblow to food-exporting countries in Asia, Africa andLatin America. Average annual U.S. wheat and {lourexports to these mai'kets in 1934-38 rvas 1.26 milliontons, and the figure soared to neariy 20 rniilion toits in1961. Over the same period, Asian, African and Latir-rAmei'ican exports to these markets piummeted from4.56 miilion tons to 1..35 million tons.

Meons of Dominotion

U.S. dumping of "surplus" food has not or.rlydamaged food production in the Asian, African andLatin American countries, but it has been used as ameans of political and economic control and to cari.yout U.S. policies of aggression and plunder. The menin Wastrington make no bones about this. For exatlple,Dean Rusk, on May 30, 1961, told the Senate ForeignRelatior-rs Committee that: ,,tr or the future, insteadof considering food an agricultural problem rve mustcor-rsi.der it a naticnal asset and use it in a most effec_tive rvay possible to support our foreign poiicy..,

By Public Larv 480 and its ,,food aid', and ,,food forpeace" pr.ogrammes U.S. imperialism forces harsh eon-ditions on countries accepting ,,aid,, and intensifies itsenslavement and control of the Asian, Afi.ican andLatin American countries.- Washington grants miiitary"aid" out of the proceeds frorn .,surplus,, food sales,builds military bases and infringes upon the sovereigntyand territorial integrity of the recipieut countries. Ituses "food aid" as bait and the cessation of such ,,aid,,as a threat in its attempt to influence the independentpolicies of the new-emerging countries and tries toforce them to follow its dictate.

Fcod is also being used by U.S. imperialism as arnealts of developing markets for American commoditiesand increasing capital investments in the ,,under_developed eouirtries."

Tlre Wcy Out

These schemes of U.S. imperialism, horvever., havebeen seen through by more and niore people in Asia,Africa and Latin America. They know from their ox,nexperience that "he who swatrlows food handed otrt incontempt will get a bellyache.,,* The Malian paperI'Essor rvrote in 1964: "Anyone who is contented witheating from the palms of others without thinking bfkeeping his own kitchen, sonreday will becone entirelydependent on those u'ho dole out the food-,,

The Asian, African and Latin American ccuntriesare increasingly aware of the key importance of agri-

* Setected, Works ofPress, Peking, 1961, Vol.

Mao Tse-tung, Foreign LanguagesIV, p. 43'i.

Peking Reoiew, No. 31

culture, especially grain production, which is the foun-dation of an independent national economy. Many new-emelging nations on these continents have demonstratedcourage and confideirce in developing grain productionb5' self-reliance. As First Vice-President Karume otTanzania declared: "It rvas surprising that the EastAfi'ican people rvith good land should have to importIood fi'om foreign countries. \Ye must know that thisr,,r,as blought abouit by the colonialists."

The Asian, Afr-ican and Latin American countrieshave fertile land., rich natural resources and, above a11,

industrious people. The-v will certainly be able to de-velop a diversified and better balanced agriculture andbcost grain production, and thus build independent

national economies on a sound foundation, providedthey carry out a thoroughgoing land reform and makefull use of their own manpolver and material resources.

The struggle of the people of these lands agair-rstWashington's use of food to domina.te and control theireconomies and for self-sufficiency in grain is an inte-gral part of the anti-U.S. struggle. By closely integrat-ing their struggle against Washington's food trickeryrvith the fight against U.S. political oppression, r,ictorywill certainly be rvon, and the people will surely beable to cast off the chains of hunger forced on them byimperialism and embarl< on the high road of completeindependence and prosperity.

-I<U MAO

mHE Kunming Machine Tool WolksI of olcl and new factory buildings

pine and cedar covered valley on theming. Yunnan Province. Despite itssouthwest China plant is famous formachine tools its workers and stafftrial manufactured and pllt into serialIast few years.

Up to 1958, the Kunrning works was manufactr-rring

only orclinary boring and milling machines. Then in that

-vear it built China's first jig boring mar:hitre' Since

then it has developed many more types o-t modern pte-

cision and semi-automatic machine tc"ols: differentmodels of optical jig boring machines and precision

dividing engines, sei-ni-atitomatic vertical, and also

hydraulic tracer milllng machines.

These precision and semi-autcmatic t'nachine tools

are all urgently needeC ior China's socia-iist constrttc-tiorr. Their successful production is a tritr.mph for Chi-nese engineering. It deals a crrishing blorv to the

blockade u,hich the imperiaiists and modern revisionistshave sought to impose on China. Furthermore, it has

enabled China to export precision ma"chines to a numberof Asian, African and Latir-r American couotries to helptheir econcmic development.

What is parlicularly noterr,'orihy is the fact that theKunrning works su.ccessfully developed these precisionmachine tools and pui them inio produciion withoutasking the state for large investmeuts {or new plant and

+ The author is a Hsinhuain Yunnan since 195[i.

Ju.ly 30, 1965

Setrf-Relfsffice in tvlef<$mg PreeisionMocfiine Tools

by CHIN YU-KUN*

is a motley grouptucked away in a

outskirts of Kun-modest looks thisthe high precision

have themselvesproduction in the

equipmer-rt and u,ithout buying special high precisiontools. Guided b-v the polic}. 61 self-reliance, workersand staff did the job by combining modern and indi-genous methods, br-rilding needed equipment themselrres,and overcoming a host of difficulties by hard lvork andfertile thought.

Typical Semi-Coloniol Plont

The history of the Kunming works epitomized the,"er-r.ri-colonial industry of old China. Its predecessor,the "Central Machinery Works" orvned by Kuomintangburea-ucrat capital. v,'as moved from Nanking to Kun-ming in the early da;zs of the War of Resistar-rce AgainstJapan (1937-45). At tl-rat time it had 2,000 skilled work-ers and several hundred technical personnel includinga number of engineers trained in Britain or the UnitedStates. The Kuomintang bureaucrats bragged that thiswas the strongest technical force iu the country. Allequipment was imported. But one-thild of it. was secoird-hand stuff from the United. States. This was accotrr-panied by a nun-rber of Arnerican "experts" \'vho werein fact salesmen for U.S. equipment.

There rvas a 1ot of talk about building internal com-btistion engines, genei'ators. steam tr-trbines, boilers andr.vhat not. But actually the plant tttrned out only such

simple items as.manua1ly operated cotton gins and old-fashioned cone pu11ey lathes from imported rolled stock.It also assembled and serviced imported machines. Itil.id try to build a sma1l horizontal boring machine withthe hetp of U.S. "experts." But this effort took threeyears and the macl-rine u/as actuall..l/ pr"rt together onlyafter liberation. That rvas the only attempt ever tnade

15

correspondent u'ho has been

to build a really modern machine. When a piece of U.S.-

made equipment needed repairs, employees did notdare take it apart, for it was clearly stated in themanual: For repairs and readjustments, send the ma-chine to the manufacturer in the United States.

The situation got worse after the end of the Warof Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. The Kuo-mintang bureaucrats sold much of the equipment and

pocketed the proceeds. Most of the technicians and

worliers u,ere sacked. Only a smali number of employees

stayed on. They made tricycles Jor children and weigh-ing scales just to keep the place going.

Such was the enterprise taken over by the people's

state and turned to good account. Feats unimaginabiein the past were accomplished one after atrother. Afterthree years of rehabilitation and overhauling, and es-

pecially after technical reforms introduced during theFirst Five-Year Plan (1953-5?), the Kunming MachineTool Works became a modern plant specializing in boringand milling machines. By the end of the First Five-Year Plan it was producing over 800 machines a year.

It retooled itself and its products went to equip 1,000

other industrial enterprises in the country. As itdeveloped from a repair plar-rt to a manufacturing plant,from making copies of foreign models to independent

design aud mauufacture, and made ever more complexand precise machines, it trained ltp a grou'ing technicalforce. A solid foundation was laid for the developmentof high precision machine tools.

Foreign Expert's Four "Prerequisiles"

In 1958, the plant was assigned to make China's firstjig boring machine, a high precisiotl machine tool several

times more accurate than ordinary machines and an

indispensable item of equipment fol a modeln engineer-ing industry.

Only a few industrialh' adva-nced countries are

making this type of tool. so not all were equally con-

fident that the technical facilities of the Kunming workswere up to the task of producing a jig borer. One foreignexpert rryho visited the rvorks declared the job impos-sible without four prerequisites, natnely: 1. a cornplete

set of the necessary imported equipment; 2. a specia).ly

designed dust and shock-proof, thermostatic workshop;3. complete technical information to be obtained fromabroad; and 4. persounel, from chief engineer to rankand fi1e, trained abroad in tl-re nerv techniques. None

of these conditions then existed in the I(unming lvolksand this aggr:avated nagging doubts.

Under these circulrrstances. the first question thathad to be answered was: Did they dare do it, and couldthey do it?

Just at that time the Central Comr,ittee of theChinese Communist Party made public its generalline for socialist construction: go a1l out and aimhigh to achieve greater, faster, better and moreeconomical results in building socialism. Inspiredby the general 1ine, people throughout the coun-

76

try freed themselves of o1d, entra-mmelling ideas; moralesoared; bold thinking and action rvas the watchword.It r,r,as in such an atmosphere that the CommunistParty committee of the plant asked all workers andstaff to discuss n hether they could make a jig borer.

Confidence in One's Own Strength

In the course of the discussions some put it thisway: The most precise things in the world were firstmade by hand and not by machines. We Chinese havedeft hands and we'll make the borer with these hands.

Others added: Ail techniques are made by man andthey alu'ays develop from the simple to the complex'Precision machines are evolved from ordina.ry ones andthe laws gorrerning their manufacture can certair-rly bemastered. It is true that certain conditions have to bemet to make precision tools, but these can be created byman. Notl-ring that has been done is impossible to us.We too can open new doors!

Once they reaiized the significance of making pre-cision machine tools, the veteran workels. u'ho hadexperienced so much in the past, demonstrated a splendidsense of responsibility. Confidence was reinforced whenthe veterans recalled the history of the plant since llb-eration.

Back in 1952. they started trial production of a bighorizontal boring machine, a relatively complex ma-chine in vier,v of the planl's then rather low technicalIevel. The head stock of the machine, for example, hadmore than fort;.' holes in it that had to be machinedwith great accuracy. Inexperienced, the workers startedon it. got scared and stopped trying. Later they sum-moned up courage for another try only to stop oncemore when the difficulties seemed to be too formidable.The Party committee encouraged them to keep it up,however, and organized and pooled the plant's besttechnical force to tackle the problern. Finally the hori-zontal borer was completed. It proved not a bad jobat aII. In fact it won praise at the Leipzig Fair. Suc-cesses like this inspired confidence. Realistic discus-sion 1ed to the unanimous conclusion: they could builda jig borer too and were certain of success. The roadof self*reliance was the high road to success.

Manufactur:e of the jig borer u,ithout complete tech-nical information, the usual precision equipment and a

thermostatic rvorkshop was no picnic. Many difficultieswere encounteled.

The first of 'uhese r,l,as keeping the temperatule re-latively constant in the r.'rork room. Ordir-rarily preci-sicn parts are made in an automatically air conditionedworkshop witl-r a constant temperature of 20 degreesCentigrade and deviations of no more than half a de-gree. It ll.ould take considerable time aird money tobtrild such a shop. What to do? The questiou was takento the rank and fi1e. Sure enough they came up witha bi'illiant idea: why not take advantage of Kunn-ring'sunique temperate climate? At the end of summer andbeginning of aututnn, the mercury generally stands stillthere at 20" C. between one o'clock after midnight and

Peking Reuieu, No. 3i

eight in the morning. They could trial produce the partsin smal1 lots during that period. An office room wherethe temperature could more easily be kept constant wasturned into a workshop and it was here that the firstjig borer was made. Soon afterwards, using both modernand indigenous methods, they remodelled an o1d work-shop into a thermostatic shop. In this way they gainedvaluable time and saved much money,

As they had no specialized precision equipment anddid not know hor,t, to process the precision parts, theyhad to make repeated experiments and work out theirown methocls. The miruor-Iike spindle, a key part ofthe jig borer, had to be polished to a high degree offinish. In foreign countries this is usually done on ahigh precision grinder using speciai materials, but nei-ther grinder nor material was then available. I\tlany a1-ternatives rvere tried. AII faiied. Then a time-honouredmethod used by villagers to polish copper ware struckthem as promising. An antiquated cone puiley lathervas refashioned into a polishing machine. They tried a

dozen different formulas to find the correct polishingmaterial, made over a hundred tests, and finally suc-ceeded. Using their ner'v method they have tur:ned outmirror-like spindles of excellent quality lot after lot.

Solving Complex Problems

Working at 2,000 r.p.m.,* the temperature of themain spindle of an ordinary machine tool normally rises50 degrees in an hour. But the temperature rise of ajig borer must never exceed 15 degrees, otherwise pre-cision is affected. \Vhen the first prototype rnras trieCout, the temperature rise was around 30 degrees. Thisinvolved a host of problems - heat treatment of thematerials used, the degree of polish and the precision ofparts, adjustments ln assembling, the quality and quan-tity of lubricant used. To solve these eomplex problemsmore than forty of the plant's ablest people - designers,technologists, skiiled u,orkers and administrative cadresworked together under the personal guidance of thechief engineer. They checked every process and mademeticulous experiments to keep heat generation down.To determine the exact amount of lubricant needed thehead of the designing department wori<ed continuouslyfor several weeks together with other technicians andworkers, using a hypodermic syringe and testing drop bydrop. By efforts such as this the temperature rise rn'as

finaily stabilized at betrveen 8-10 degrees.

When the machine rvas finally assembled - a cru-eial time when victory was just around the corner andalso a time when all sorts of hidden problems would cropup - the Party secretary, the plant director and the chiefengineer joined the assembly team. In more than 20

days, one hard nut after another was cracked, and final-ly China's first jig borer was completed. The rvhole jobtook only 14 months (including preparation of blue-prints). The secret of building high precision machinetools was cracked.

* Revolutions per minute.

Julg 30,1965

Inspecting a new optical Jlg borer at the KunmingMa,chine Tool Works

When one reviews the experience of building thejig borer it becomes clear that the key to success wasthe application of Mao Tse-tung's thinking to produc-tion. The Kunming workers learned to strategicallyslight the "enemy" (difficulties, in this case) while takingfull account of them tactically; when tackling a tech-nical problem, they made full allowance for the diffi-culties that might crop up and rnade more than adequatepreparations to surmount them; they formed "three-in-one" groups composed of the enterprise's ablest veteranworkers, leading cadres and technical personnel in ac-cor-dance rvith the principle of "concentrating a superiorforce to destroy the enemy forces one by one" and toconduct scientific experiments in a dolvn-to-earth andmethodical manner.

The success of their first jig borer boosted themorale of the whole plant. They raised their technicalefficiency and their approach to difficulties was deter-mined and aggressive. Since then they have developednew precision machines of increasingl.v complex con-struction. To date they have successful.ly trial manufac-tured 65 types of new products.

A responsible comrade of the plant told your re-porter: Through practice, exploratlons and experimentsover the past few years, we have not only trained our-selves technically, but, more important, have becomeideologically more developed. Our minds have been 1ib-

erated and our mentality has changed. We have cometo recognize and have confidence in our own strength.We feel certain there is nothing in the world in this linewhich others have done that we cannot do.

77

l/rer {amConfidence in Ylcfory

?he imperialists are gamblers.They always ]ook for a quick vic-tory. When brute force and blufffaii, they are in a quandary. Thepeople, on the other hand, base theirconfidence in the justice of theircause. They are ready to go throughall kinds of trials and tribulationsand fight as long as necessary. Lastrveek, this truth stood out sharplyas the world obse::ved the 11th anni-vei.saiy of the Geneva agreements,in rn'hich Viet Nam's sovereignty,independence, unity and territorialintegrity were internaiionally recog-nized.

In Hanoi, in an appeal issued onthe occasion, President Ho Chi Minhdeclared: "Our people in the northand in the south have united likeone man and are detelmined to fight.trVe are determined to fight till finalvictorS,'. even if . we have to go onf ighting anothei: f ir.e )'ears, tenyears, 20 years or even longer." Hesaid. "the U.S. pirates are resortingto violence in an aticmpi to subduecur people, and threaten the otherpeopies of Indo-China, ScritheastAsia and the r,'cr-Icl. They are grosslymistaken, holvever. We are a heroicpcople. We fought the Japanesefascists and defea.ted the Frenchcolonialists, and we ale fighiing theU.S. imperialists resclutely and vic-toriously. We are i'esoh,eti to wincomplete independence for ourfatherland and con,plete freedom forour people."

Addressing a mass meeting some-r,,,here in south Viet Nam to markthe anniversary of the Geneva agree-ments. Nguyen Huu Tl-ro, Presidentof the Presidium of the Central Com-mittee of the South Viet Nam Na-tional Front for Liberation, also af-firmed the detern-riiraiion of theFront and south Vietnamese peopleto fight to the end. He said that withfour-fifths of the territory and over10 million people freed {rom U.S.clutches, there has been a radicajchange in the war siiuation. ,,The

19

enemy has lost his superiority. IIeis on the defensive and is beginningto find it imposslble to ward off ourb1olvs."

Nguyen Hur-r Tho pointed cut thatit u,as actually a very simple matterto bring about peace and a cease-

fire. It would come immediatelyonce the United States stopped itsaggression against south Viet Nam,withdrerv its troops and those of itssatellites and strictly respected theGeneva agreements. The Front, hesaid, insisted on its five-point state-ment of March 22, 1965, and wouldpersist in its rvar of resistance untilthere was not a single U.S. aggressorin south Viet Nam.

Nguyen Huu Tho concluded: "Themore frantic its aggression, the morethe United States will be boggeddolvn in the mii'e of defeat, and themore reinforcements it sends to southViet Nam. the greater the U.S. casu-alties. This will be the inevitableresult of its r.verr of aggression insouth Viet Nam."

400 U,S. Flones Downed

Just ho..r' determined the Viei-namese people are is evidenced in themounting number of U.S. planesdor,r'ned over north Viet Nam. Be-tr,veen August 5, 1964, and July 24,

1965, 400 were shot down by the armyand people of the D.R.V.

These blolrrs at the American ma-rauders have been getting heavier,especially since February 7 this yearr,l,hen Washington, in an attempt toshake off its failure in scuth VietNam. begar-r continuous and indis-criminate bombing of the north, kill-ing civilians in resid.ential areas

-including hospital patients.

By expanding the war to the north,Johnson & Company hoped to realizetheir dream of destroying the D.R.V.'seeonomie potential, disrupt daily lifeand break the iron determination ofthe entire Vietnamese peopie to fighiand win. They also hoped to preventnorth Viet Nam's support to the lib-

eration struggle in the south and bol-ster up the sinking morale of the pup-pet army and regime.

Tiris dream has been short-lived.The punishment meted out to theinvading Arnerican planes has shat-tered the myth of Washington's "airsuperiority." The most up-to-datesup,ersonic planes have been sentplumrneting from the skies bY theVietnamese militia and self-defenceunits and by Viet Nam's young airdefence uirits and air force, therebyproving to the r'vorld that despiteAmerican dollars and weapons, U.S.imperialism is neither strong nor tobe feared.

President Ho Chi Minh correctlypoinled out at a recent inspection tourof an anti-aircraft unit that hadblought down scores of Americanraiders: "Our people are now muchstronger than before and moreoverenjoy the support of people all overthe vrorld. We understand that tofight olf the U.S. aggressors theremust be hardship and sacrifice, butwe are resolute in our f ight todefend our father'land and are con-fident in final victory."

Fqcts Hit McNomorq

From Washington there v,ras noconfidence to be for-rnd. But therewas colfession of "deteriora'L.ion" forits hooeless $,ar in Viet Nam by noless an authority than S,ecretary ofDefence McNamara himself. For thebigr,vigs there, the great victories ofthe south Vietnamese people havesent shlvers up their spines..

For the fifth time since September1963, NIcNamara made a hasty "fact-finding trip" to south Viet Nam.Even the. Western press, commentingon his five-day journey, admitted thatthe further U.S. escalation of the vu'ar

reflected Washington's despair. Everytime McNamara has "visited" south\riet Nam the U.S. war of aggressionhas been expanded further. His fourth"visit" in May 1964 resuited in theHonolulu Conference, the fabricationof the "Bac Bo GuIf Incident" andthe bombing of north Viet Nam.

Arriving in south Viet Nam on Julyi6 for "battlefield inspections," Mc-

ROUND THE WCR.LD

Peking Reuie,Ls, No. 31

Namara speni five jittery days andfour fitful nights. He diseussed withU.S. army bosses and puppet regimechiefs urays to try and get th,e UnitedStates

. out of its defeat. He alsoinspected U.S. bases in Bien Hoa, DaNang, Chu Lai Beach, Pieiku, QuiNhon and Cam Ranh Bay. As Kyodone\'vs agency pointed out, McNama.::a's"inspection" rvas characterized by thefact that he didn't bother to ir.rspectinstaliations of the puppet army;"this clearly shorved t}-rat the r,r.'ar inViet Nam has hecorne one conductedby the United States."

While lvicNamai'a lvas in south VietNam, the U.S. military autholitiesnot only kept his rvhereabouts topsecret but assigned over half tl-repolice force in Saigon to "protecthim." When he inspected U.S. ma-rines near Da Nang, they sent a. n:11i-

tary band to pla;, in a nearby hamletto draw arvay the local inl-iabitai-risand ensr.rre his saf et;'. Despite allthe precaution measures, horvever.the U.S. Secretary of Defencc refusedto spend a night in any of the liea-;ilyguarded U.S. military bases, makir-rgit a point of never being out of Sai-gor: Ior- the night.

Before he ieft for Washii.:gton,McNamera confessed that "ovelaII,the situation fin soutl-r Viet Nam]continues to be serious." "In many as-pects there has been deterioration.. ..The size of the Viet Cong forces hasincreased, The rate of operationsand the intensity of their attackshave been expanded. The destruc-tion of the lines of communication,rail and sea and road, are extensive."He indicated that he wouid suggestthat large numbei"s of U.S. armedlorces be dispatched to south \rietNam. Columnist Joseph Alsop. whohas close ties rvith the White llottse,reported that McNamara had saidthat the U.S. may have to seud as

n-Iany as 300"000 tr:oops and thata Koreair-type war may be unavoid-ab1e.

Not lor,g ago Washington quietlysent several units to south Viet Namwith hardly any merrtion. The5r area mortuary company aitd an ar:mygraves registra.tion unit. Their mis-sion is to sort out all the Americandead after a battle and see that a

JulA 30, 1965

piace is lound to bury then-r. Withthe anticipated buildup of U.S. troops,Washington may need many moreunits like these.

Harriman'c /vlission Lo /Aoscow

U.S.-t,.S.S.R. Get-Tosether

Averell Harriman, U.S. rnulti-millionaire, Johnson's an.rbassadorat large and Washington's o1d-timecontact n-ran with ihe Kremlin, colrl-pleted a ten-day trip to the SovietUnion on July 22. Dubbed a "pel'-sonal vacation," the rrisit rvas neitherpersono.L nor a uctcation.

In Moscorv betrveen Juiy 12 and22, Harriman had trvo long sessionsrvith Soviet Premier Kos;,gin. VietNam, America's biggest heaCache. todate, was an important s,.rb-ject underdiscussion. The American diplomat,u,ho emphasized to nervsir:en "theneed for understauriir-rg beti,reenV'Iashington and Moscor,v of what theother is doing," v;as reported feeiingsatisfieci r".,i1.h r.,'hat Iiosl-gin had tosay. The "significant informatioi-t"he obtalned from the talks was hur-riedl--v passcd on to iohnson. AndIater, u,hile he u'as in Bonn, Harri-man let it be knou,n at a press con-felence tl'rat in Viet Nam the UniteclStates was not in conllict u'ith theSoviet Union, bui rvith China andthe D.R.V.

While \&/ashington was talking ofdoubling its aggressive forces in Viet

"Wtro's there?""Just a friend."

Nam, another topic Kosvgin discussedwiih Harriman was disar'mamer:t.Saicl Harrin-ran afterrvards, it rvas "agood sign" that X{oscow had su.ddeniyagreed to Washiiigion's proposal forresumption of the 1B-nation disarnia-ment conference in Geneva. "TheRussians must be rviiling to do some-thing serious," he glorr,ed, adding:"The Soviets and the United Stateshave the same objectir,re in lirnitingtl-re spre;rd of nuclear weapons."Harriman also predicted progress inSoviet-Amelican co-operaticn intrade, science, cuiture, desalinationof sea water, ancl control of uuelear\\ieapons in ou-'ler space,

T he Pierrelatte lncidenl

Red-Honded snd R.ed-Foced

Once again, \\'ashington, self-vaunted leader of the "free rvorld."has been sirorr-n Llll as an inept. tl-riefand a liar. The Pierrelatte incident,wirich found an Ame r.ican trF-i0ica.ughi oyer-flr,inq and spying on theFrench nuclear centre, lvas a clumsycomedy as tr-ell as a scandal.

Tl-rat a i.j.S. sp;' piane rvas snat'edover another collntrl.' is not urhatdistinguished the Pierrelatte incident

- it is an open secret that sueh

fiights are made cially in all palts ofthe r,",orlcl. Nor rvas it that this flight\vas over the aiorr-ric plant of a Wash-ington alii-. That too has its preceC-

ents. Remarked a Frenchclricial af ier i,he ;nci-dent, "This is the firstplane rve caught in theact, but there is noguarantee that othershar-e not performedsimilar fiights in thep:rst." Significant aboutPierreiatte is Washing-ton s undercstimal !cn ofFrance's determinationto siancl r:n its sovei'eignrights. And thls cic'.rble

Jattt ysas made the U.S.ar-i intei'r-ra'.iona1 iar-rgh-

ing stc-ci:.

Crrught red-handed,the Ameticans'uvet-ri intotheir usua-l rot-.tine oi

t9

Cartoon b!! Fa.ng Cheng

stumbiing all over themselves in try-ing to explain away their embarrass-ment. First it was said the RF-101had been diverted from its course bya "thunderstorm." It had made "anavigational mistake." A U.S. AirForce spokesman even suggestedthat the French press "exaggerateda bit,'' The Amet'ican reconnaissanceplane, he explained, had not enteredthe Pierrelatte forbidden zone, norwas it ''intercepted" - it was merely"identified."

However, all this hemming andhawing as well as insinuations blewup in Washington's face when theQuai d'Orsay lodged a strong verbalprotest with the American Embassyand gave details of the incident.The aircraft, the French made clear,had been intercepted; it had madefour successive passes; and the nega-tives taken from the plane indicatedthat the forbidden zone has beensystematically photographed. Afterthat the State Department hurriedly

announced "a full and speedy inves-tigation" of the incident.

For the moment, the affair hasbeen closed by officially expressedU.S. regrets to Paris and pledges toprevent similar violations. Privately,the State Department is said to be

"nonplussed" by the French handlingof the protest. But for the world atlarge the incorrigible thief once

more has been caught with thegoods.

THE WEEK

(Continued from p.4.)

Pointing out that the Cuban peo-p1e's revolution and the revolution-ary spirit of the two Havana Dec-laratior-rs had inspired the fightingrvi1l and confidence of the LatinAmerican peoples in their strugglefor emancipation, the message said:"At present, the national-democraticrevolutionary movement of the LatinAmerican peoples against U.S. im-perialism and dictatorship is surgingforlvard to a new high."

Stressing that t}te militant friend-ship betrveen the Chinese and Cubanpeoples is based on the principies ofMarxism-Leninism and proletarianinternationalism, the message said:"Our trvo peoples will always sup-port each other and march forwardtogether in their common struggleagainst U.S. imperialism and forworld peace, national liberation,people's democracy and socialism."

A Peking rally on July 24 cele.brated the anniversary. Lazaro Fer-nandez, Charge d'Affaires ad interimof the Cuban Embassy, gave a recep-tion on July 26.

U,[.R. l{ational Day

The United Arab Republic's Na-tional Day was celebrated in Pekingat a reception given by U.A.R. Am-bassaclor to China Zakaria El-AdlyImam on July 23. Premier Chou En-lai and Vice-Premier Chen yi lvereamong those present.

In their speeches at the receptionboth Ambassador Imam and Vice-Premier Chen Yi toasted the growth

20

of friendship between the two coun-tries.

Ambassador Imam spoke .of hiscountry's stand in consolidatingAfro-Asian soiidarity and support-ing the national-liberation move-ments against imperialism and colo-nialism. He said: "We strive torealize - whatever may be the sacri-fices - the restoration of Palestineto its Arab people and their rightsto return to their homeland. Wefully support the Arab people insouth Arabia, the people of Viet Namand the people of the Congo in theirheroic struggles for freedom and in-dependence."

Vice-Premier Chen Yi denouncedU.S. imperialism for intensify-ing its sinister collaboration withWest German militarism and Zion-ism and for arming Israel, there-by posing a threat to the se-curity of the Arab countries. Point-ing out that the people of theworld were facing rabid ehallengesfrom U.S. imperial-ism, Vice-PremierChen Yi said: "Under these circum-stances, the people of Asia and Africaurgently call for the strengtheningof their solidarity, intensification oftheir struggle against imperialismand the successful holding of theSecond African-Asian Conference."

On July 22, a joint message ofgreetings was sent by Chairman LiuShao-chi and Premier Chou En-Iaito President Nasser.

China and Mauritania EstablishDiplomalic BelationsChina and Mauritania have decid-

ed to establish diplomatic relations

and exchange representatives atambassadorial level.

Premier Chou En-lai and Vice-Pre-mier and Foreign Minister Chen Yisent a joint message of greetings toMoktar Ouid Daddah, President andForeign Minister of the Isiamic Re-public of Mauritania, in which theyexpressed the hope that the estab-lishment of diplomatic relationsrvould lead to a new Cevelopment infriendship and co-operation betweenthe two countries.

Yao Nien, Chinese Ambassador toTunisia, representing the ChineseGovernment, visited Mauritania fromJuly 16 to 19. He discussed withthe Mauritanian Government ques-tions conneeted rn,ith the establish-ment of diplomatic relations. Ajoint communique issued afterreaching an agreement said interalia:

"The Government of the Peo-p1e's Republic of China reaffirms itsrecogniti.on of the Government of theIslamic Repubiic of Mauritania. TheGovernment of the Islamic Republicof Mauritania recognizes the Gov-ernment of the People's Republic ofChina as the sole lega1 Governmentrepresenting the Chinese people.'l

French Minisler in Peking

French Minister of State AndreMalraux arrived in Peking on JuIy20 for an official visit. Vice-Premierand Foreign Minister Chen Yi metand had a friendly talk with him onJuly 22.

Peking Reuieto, No. 3I

Fertilizer Production U p

WENTY-EIGHT new chemicalfertilizer enterprises went into

operation in China in the first halfof the year.

Twelve are large or medium-sized plants. They are located innorth, east, and central-south Chinaand produce ammonium bicarbonate,urea and ammonia water, Some ofthem are newly built, sorne are oldplants rebuilt or expanded.

Among the 28 are a number ofsmali synthetic ammonia works scat-tered in eight provinces and muni-cipalities. They mainly produce am-monium bicarbonate and ammoniawater, and have annual capacities otbetween 2,000-5,000 tons. On thebasis of past experience in buildingand running such small plants, a suc-cessful production process has beenworked out for producing betterquality products at lower cost.

At the same time measures havebeen taken to get more out of theolder chemical plants. The result hasbeen a big increase in chemical fer-tilizer output this year. Home in-dustry suppiied 1.6 million tons morefertilizer to the farms in the firsthalf of this year than in the sameperiod of last year. Most of this in-crease eame from the fuller use ofexisting plants. At the WuchingChemical Fertilizer Plant in Shang-hai, a modern enterprise put up in1962, average daily output in Junewas nearly double that during thelast quarter of last year.

Chemical fertilizer is beginning toplay an important role in speedingup the growth of China's farm out-put and the need for it is growingsteadily. The fertilizer industry isIargely a post-liberation creation. Thefew old plants taken over from theold regime have been enlarged andre-equipped out of all recognitionThe big new plants built have beena success, and a number of small andmedium-sized plants have also beenbuilt in accordance with the policyof simultaneous development of

Ju,Lg 30, 7965

large, small and medium-sized enter-p'rises. With the industry's capacityand output growing fast, the rangeis increasing.

Silkworm WeolthMore Silk From South China. Mostof China's silk comes from south ofthe Yangtse, and ontput is going up.The major silk-producing provincesof Chekiang, Kiangsu and Kiangsireared 10 per cent more spring mul-berry cocoons than iast year.

Szechuan, meanwhile, is imple-menting a long-term plan to breedmore silkworms. A record 350 mil-lion mulben'y trees were planted byits people's communes this spring,bringing their total of trees to tentimes the 1949 figure. KwangsiChuang Autonomous Region in southChina announces a big increase of"cassava silk," Communes there arebreeding 30 per cent rnore silkwormsthan last year {ronr 1.5 million muof cassava and castor-oil plants.They have been getting eight broodsa year and with the proceeds fromthis profitable sideline have boughtmore farm tools and chemical fer-tilizer to boost field production.

Selling silkworm cocoons to the state inChekiang Province

Neighbouring Kwangtung also raiseda bigger silkworm crop this spring.

North China to Raise Silk OutputThe big news of the day, horvever,is that provinces north of the Yang-tse are to enter this field in a bigway. A conference called by theMinistry of Agriculture to popularizesericulture in the north has just beenheld, appropriately enough, in Duan-shi People's Commune, Shansi Prov-ince, where silkworm breeding hasbecome a successful sideline to grow-ing cotton and grain.

Sericulture has benefited agricul-ture in many ways, as seen in risinggrain and cotton output. The 310,000mulberry trees planted by this hillcommune on the edges of its terracedfields and hillslopes have helped toarrest soil erosion and, last year,u,ithout encroaching on an inch ofcropland, produced 75,000 yuanworth of cocoons,

With this example before them,delegates to the conference from theseven northern provinces of Kansu,Shensi, Shansi, Hopei, Honan, Shan-tung, Liaoning, and the Peking areacould see that raising silkworms canbe a profitable sideline for com-munes north of the Yangtse River,as well as helping to develop a morediversified economy.

Conference delegates have nowgone back home to popularize

::, . , the methods of sericultureas successfully evolved andpractised by the Duanshicommune.

BriefsChina's cotton industry in-

stalled 700,000 new spindlesthis year to spin enough yarnfor 560 million metres of clotha year.

t+*

An average of two kilo-metres an hour have beenadded to the speed of China'sdaily rail freight transPortserwice, The lesult is equiva-lent to putting an extra 200

locomotives and 2,000 freightcars on the lines.

ACROSS THE LAND

,tir.r,;1.

&*.:

21

I{ANDICRAFTSNetso Themes in (Dld Crelts

Chinese handicraft art incorporatesihe skills and wisdom of the workingpeople distilled over five millennia.The tradition stretches back over theages. Highlights spring to minC:neoiithie pottery of red clay pa.ii-rted

in purple and black; sonorous bronzebells, elaborate ritr.ral cauldrons anddelicate jade u,ine cups of Shang andChou times; silk rveaves and bro-cades of the Han highly prized inancient Rome; Tang and Sung por-celain and Ming cloisonne. Inthe countryside, the ingenuity andindustry of peasant artisans prodr"rced

a vast assortment of homespun mira-cles in decorations, ornarnents andtoys, i:mbroideries and dyed rvork,stra',,,' and bamboo articles, u'ood ar-rci

earthenware.

This handicraft art has been pol-ished and perfected by generations offolk niastels. New China, inhelitingthe legacy, has developed it andmade it shine with greater lustrethan ever before.

Fost-Liberoiion Developmentt

The People's Government's policyis to "protect, develop and elevate"the handicrafts. Craftsmen previor-rs-ly driven to take up other means ofIivelihood by the crisis of the old re-gime were sought out, given ratvrnaterials, contracts for their prod-ucts, technical guidance and otherhelp. Many near-lost arts wele setback on their feet. These incluCesllch famolls crafts as the making ofChun porcelain in Honan, jadecarvings in Peking and Sung bro-

Carvirg In turquolse:'0rinkiug From the Same River,!

cades in Soocho',v, Chengtu silverfiligree, brick carvings in Tientsinand Khotan carpets in Sinkiar-rg. Thentimber of handicraftsmen now \,,,ork-ing in co-opelatives or in state-owned workshops is larger than ever.There is a constant infusion of newb1ood. Ten colleges of handicraft artanC a number of lesearch institutesare functioning.

Over 200 branches of handicraftsflor,rrish. Carvers and modellersaione rvork in ivory, jade and otherprecious siones, wood. barlboo, ox-holn, brick, clay and dough. Weaversuse bamboo, rattan, strarv and osier.Several nerv crafts have appearedsuch as pictures in sl-reIl work, u,heatstaiks, tree bark or feathers.

World-Famous Wores

Old and new centres ar.'e creatinga rn,ide range of exquisite objets d'artas r.r-elI as utility articles made rvithmasterly technique from inexpensir,rematenals. An-rong the products rr.'hichenjo5, 6ss1 distinction at home andabroad are Peking ivory and jadecarvings and those astonishing Can-tonese open-rvork ivory 1-.a11s r','hichhave as many as 32 intricately carvedspheres one within the other; Ching-tien and Shoushan stone carvingswhi.ch are noted for their irnaginativeuse of the natural shape anci colour-ing of the stones; Shiu'an potteryfigurines and. toys; u'ood-carvingsfrom Chekiang of figurines andfancy utili.ty articles such as ciragon-headed floor lampstands: Soochowand Changsha embroideries, dra.um-v,'ork from Chaochow and Swatorv;b;:ocades from Nanking, Chengtuand many naiional minority areas;painted or carved lacquer warefrom Peking, Foochow and Yang-chou,. Chinese porcelain, poeticallydescribed as "rvhite as jade, thinas paperr bright as a mirror andmelodious as a bell lvhen struck,,, ismade in the famous centres of Ching-tehchen - the "porcelain capital,, --Tehhwa and other places.

Traditional handicraft arts are usedon a big scale to decorate modernedifices and industrial products. Therooms of the capitaL's Great Haltof the People contain a fine coliec-tion oI nev", handicraft products fromevery part of China. I\,fany other

"-4rise!"- a Krvangtung Shi*,anpoitery figurine

public buiidings and monumeutserectt-d since liberation combinesplendid examples of Cl-rinese archi-tectule with {ine \,.,rorks of the sculp-tors' and carvers' arts.

New Motifs

Ne-.v themes fiom the revolution-ary past and present-day life now ap-pear in Chinese handicrafts side byside with traditional mctifs fromhistory, m1,-tho1cg5, and legend. Arecent exhibition in the Round Cityof Peking's Reihai Park shorved someof the best of these nerv lvorks madein the last two I'ears. A number ofthem are of a high ideological as w'ellas technical stanciard.

Fror:r the minute peach-stone cal.\,-ing of a boatload of LiberationArney men to the life-size portrait ofChairr,nan Mao emi:roidered in rvool,the 2O0-cdd exhibits shorved horvwell traditional techniques ale beitrgadapted to new thernes. On the stoneof an ordinary peach 1.5 cms. highby 2 cms. rvide, the veteran artistKao Kung-ching of lVeifang, Shan-tung, has carved a boatioad of adozen or rnore P.L.A. soldiers foi'cir-rgthe Yangtse during the War cf Liber-

22 Peking Reuieto, No. 3I

atlon. He catches the men in vai'iousfighting postures that realisiicallybring out the suspense and heroismof the crossing. The anchor chain,about two-thirds the length cf a linefroil tl-iis column, is made up of 50links. This alone indicates the un-beiierzable delicacy of the rvorli.

The 2 x 3 m. embroidery of Chair-man Mao standing smiling under thepine boughs looks like a stereoscopicphotogr:aph. Many visitors aretempted to try a careful touch tomake sure the Chairman's lvco11enscarf and coat rvere not three-dimen-sional. Shanghai embroiderers usedlvool threads of 1.700 different col-ours and miLlions of stitches to makeit

The Peking ivory canring -{isfel"sof the Grasslan.ds recalls the incidentof the trvo children of Inner [,Ion-golia who, for a day and a nightfought to protect their commline'ssheep from a sudden blizzard on thepastures. It shows the two girls atthe height of the storm. Their- itlon-golian-sfle coats end scarves lvildlyfl;.ing, one clutches a f r-ightenediamb to l-rer chest :.s ihe other leadsthe v",ay in pursuii of the flock. It isa glo',\-ing in-rage of Cl-iinese cirildren.

Th.e Red Armg Crossing the GreatSitow hlcrurloins is a gooLI exampleo{ neri- Shoushan stone-carvin€i. Anoblong block of milky stone r,.,ith a

strand of red cr-riting across iis mid-d1e has been cle-,,er:1y ciriselled into aprecipitor-rs icy mounta,ii-r wlil-r a tl-rinline oi Red Army men making theirway across its flank during the LongMarch.

The ner.vest developments in Shi-wan painted pottery figurines are

typif ied by Arise ! - a f igure of astalwart African fighter, one handhoiding a rifle, the otl-rer raised highas he gives a call to battle. Thereis realism in the ne\&', more rationalcomposition and boCy proportions,u,hile the traditional exaggeration ofposture and facial expression

- the

giaring eyes and open palm withouistretched fingers, for instance

-give it power and s;rmbolic meaning.

Drinking From the Same Rioer, acat'vir-lg in turquoise, is a delight-ful tribute to friendshtp betr.,.ee r.r

China and its southern neighbourBurma. Against a clump of bam-boos which brings out the na-turai beauty of the stone are twoyoullg .#'omen, one Burmese and theother Chinese, water jars at hand,taking the fevr minutes by the riverto exchange confi4ences. There isgrace and beauty in the figures, intheir faces and in the simple flow-ing lines of their garnients.

There ri ele also an idyllic Tientsincla.'r figur:ine of a fat boy tending acommune sheep; an i-llustration toChairmar-r Nilao's poem Ode to thePlunt Blossanr made entirely of blackand white bird feathers; a series ofpoker-:l,ork pictures on tvood depict-irg, amoi-)g others, Dr. NormanBethune among his Chinese friendsand a Vietnamese fighter single-handedly destroying a U.S. tank.

Tl-re exhibiiion couid not fa.il toimpress. It shcrved that Chlnesehandicraftsmen are not resting ontheir laurels. Mobilizing their vasttechnical skiils, they are coming togrips with the problems of depictingcontemporary 1ife.

ple's Republic of Korea, the Dem-ocratic Republic of Viet Nam andChina, rvhich took part in last year'stournament in Peking, Pakistan, Le-banon and Syria will be pariicipaiingin this year's contests.

Thc' 1965 Peking tonrnar,rent is aresult of a decision by team leadersof all the couittrles taking part in lastyear's tournament to set up a iiaisoneommittee and to hold a tournamentonce a year as a means of strengihen-ing co-operation and raising thegeneral standarC. Players vril1 con-tend for titles in the men's and$zomen's team events, men's andr,{,ornen's singies and doubles, themixed doubles, and two consoiationsingles.

Since July 15, players from dif-ferent countries hatre been busy inpractice sessions with one anotherand exchanging experiences. Theyhave renewed old friendships andmade ner*,, friends. ?he tournan-rentpromises a very high level of play.

***Tennis. Chinese players in the Br:da-pest international tennis tournamentearly this month gave a good ac-count of themselves. Peng Chih-yuanrvon the men's singles by defeatingliis con-ri;atriot Chu Chen-hua in thefinals, whiie Chi Feng-ti and HsuJun-chen captured the women'sdoi-rb1es. Peng Chih-yuan and ChiFeng-ti teamed up to win the mixeddoubies event.

***Track and Field Records. Li Shu-nuof Krvangtung Province set a newnational record of 10.7 sec. for theu'omen's B0 metres low hurdies at a

meet in Canton on June 28. Sheclipped 0.1 sec. off the old record setb.rz Liu Cheng of Inner'Mongolia in1959.

In May, Chinese women athletesset t',vo new national records rvhichcompare favourably rt,ith the best inthe rvorld. Kiangsi Province's HsiaoChieh-ping broke the old record forihe long jump with 6.38 metres andSzechuan Province's Liu Teh-tsuihurled the discus a distance of 53.86

metres.Petrring irory carving ,,Sisl.ers of the

GrassIands,,

Jils 3a, i965

SPORTS

Pelsittg T*ble TennisTourttatnent i.n Attggrrst

Players from 10 colrntries ha,ve ar-rived in China's capital for the 1965Peking International Tabie TennisInvitation Tournament which isscheduled to be held at the Workers'Gymnasiui:r from August 1 to 9. Inaddition to Cambodia, Ceylon, In-donesia, Japan, the Democratic Peo-

NO\T'S THE TIME TO THINK OF IT

Come €o €Fte

Autumn I965Conton, Oct. 15 - Nov. 15

Jb'

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,Johrtly sponsored by the notionol foreign trode corporotions of Chino

A wonderful chonce for trode ond friendship

Businessmen from oll londs ore welcome

Whether you wish to BUY or SELL, you moy be sure of o btg.welcome in lovely subtropicol Conton

Representotives from every bronch of Chino's foreign trode corporo-tions will be ot the Foir to discuss trode with you

lnterpreters ovoiloble - courteous personol service

First cioss trov.el orrongements ondoccommodotion orronged for you by

Cl{lNA IRAVEL SERVICE (Honskons} tID.of 6 Queen's Rood, Centrol, Hongkong,

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