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11.11.21.31.41.51.61.7
1. 6
22.12.2
33.13.23.33.4
3.53.6
44.14.2
4.3
55.1
5.25.2
5.3
5.45.5
66.16.26.3
1
CO2
P6
p44
2
3
4
5
LCCO2
P7
6 P9
7 5
8
20 30
5 () 5
(20 ) (p9)
9 CO2
p10 42
10 p10 11
11 p9 11 p41
12 p11p12
13 PD C A
p14 PDCA6 PDCA
14 p22 30 p53 61
15
N2OP27
p50 5116 P42
17 P43
18 N2O P51
19
20
P63
21
20 10
1 .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 ...................................................................................... 4
1.3 .................................................................................................. 5
1.4 .......................................................................................................... 6
1.5 ...................................................................................................................... 9
1.6 .................................................................................................... 11
1.7 ........................................................................................................ 11
2 ...................................................................................................... 13
2.1 ................................................................................................ 13
2.2 ........................................................................................................ 15
3 .......................................................................... 16
3.1 ........................................................................................................ 16
3.2 ................................................................ 18
3.3 ............................ 19
3.4 .................................... 26
3.5 ............................ 29
3.6 .................................... 30
4 .......................................................................................... 34
4.1 ................................................................................................ 34
4.2 ................................................................................ 35
4.2.1 .................................................................... 35
4.2.2 .................................................................... 36
4.2.3 ............................................................................ 38
4.3 ................................................................ 40
5 .......................................................................................................... 42
5.1 ............................................................................................ 42
5.2 ........ 44
5.3 ................................................ 49
5.4 ...................................................... 51
5.5 ................................ 52
............................................................................... 53
6 ...................................................................................................... 63
6.1 ........................................................................................................ 63
6.2 ............................................................................................ 63
6.3 .................................................................................................... 65
1
1
1.1
1)
7
1990
2)
CO2
CH4
N2O
HFC
PFC
SF6
HFC PFC HFC 13 PFC 7
3)
4)1
2
5)
CO2
100
CO2 CH4 21 N2O 310 HFC PFC SF6
1-1
1
9CO2
1
CH4 21
2 3
N2O310
HFC
14011,700
PFC
6,5009,200
SF6
23,900
CFC HCFC
3
6)1.4
CO2
7)
8)
N2O
9)20
10)
18 8
4
1.2
1)
2)
5
Win-Win
→ →→ PDCA
1.3
6
1.4
1)
2)
6
3
CO2
CH4
N2O
3)
LCCO2 1-1 1-2 CO2
7
8
LCCO2
1-1 LCCO2
LC-CO2
33,450m3/
2002Webpage
http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/ecg/index.htm
1-2 LCCO2
1)6
6 CO2
CH4 N2O 3
8
CO2
CH4
N2O
HFC
PFC
SF6
1-2
1-2
CO2
1
2
CH4
N2OCH4
N2O
1
2
2)
9
3)
1-3
PFI
1.5
1)
5
20
2)
1)
10
1990 1990
5
20
2)
2
1-4
a.
b.
c.a.b.
c.
1-3
11
1.6
5
1.7
12
CO2 CH4 N2O
N2O CH4
CH4
CH4
1,500kl20 21 4
13
2
2.1
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
1)
2 1.5
2)
3
4
3)
5
4)3
5)
6
14
2-1
PDCA
2-2 PDCA
15
2.2
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
1)
2)
3)
4)1.4 1)
5)
16
3
3.1
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
3-1
1)CO2
CH4 N2O CH4
N2O
CO2 CH4 N2O
17
2)CH4 N2O CH4 N2O
CH4
CH4
CH4
N2O1 CH4 N2O
3) CO2
4)
1)
1
18
3.2
= { }
= { }
1
→
N2O
3 2
10
19
3.3
1) CO2 CH4 N2O
CO2 CH4 N2O
3-2
3-3
2 PPS
CO2
CH4 N2O
2 11 12 3 21
20
CH4 N2O 3-4
CH4 N2O 3-5
3-3 CO2
k hk hk h
V’ = 273 273 + T P VV’ Nm3 V m3
T P0 1 Nm3
15 1.02LPG m3 LPG
LPG2.07kg/m3 LP Website http://www.j-lpgas.gr.jp/faq/faq1.html
LNG m3 LNG1.40m3/kg
0.71 kg/m3
CNG
LNG L-CNG
21
3-4 CH4 N2O
3-5 CH4 N2O
22
2)
CO2
CO2
1
9
PPS
http://www.env.go.jp/earth/ghg-santeikohyo/)
kWh
t-CO2 kWh t-CO2/ kWh
0.555 t-CO2/ kWh H18
520 kWh 0.555 t-CO2/ kWh 289 t-CO2
1,770 kWh 0.555 t-CO2/ kWh 982 t-CO2
970 kWh 0.555 t-CO2/ kWh 538 t-CO2
3
3
23
kWhCO- 2t
t-CO2
CO2
4 CO2
CO2
CO2 IPCC
C
44/12 CO2
J 5
t kL m3
J
CH4 N2O
CH4
CH4
N2O B C N2O
A N2O
B
4 CH4 N2O
CO2CO2
5 kcal 1kcal=0.00419MJ
24
N2O CH4
CH4 N2O
CH4 N2O
CH4 N2O
0.01%
a)
b)
km L km/L
c)
3 2
CH4 N2O
CNG
CNG
3 2
25
3 2
t-CO2 GJ t-C/GJ 44/12 t-CO2/t-C
GJ t,kL, Nm3, m3
GJ/ t,kL, Nm3, m3
3-3
t-CH4 GJ t-CH4/GJt-N2O GJ t-N2O/GJ
t-CH4 km t-CH4/kmt-N2O km t-N2O/km
A4,500 L
2,200 L
500 L J
A 4.5kL 39.1GJ/kL 175.95GJ A 2.2 kL 39.1GJ/kL 86.02GJ
0.5kL 34.6 GJ/kL 17.3GJ
10km/L 500L 10km/L 5,000km CO2
A 175.95 86.02 GJ 0.0189t-C/GJ 44/12 18.2 t-CO2
17.3 GJ 0.0187t-C/GJ 44/12 1.19 t-CO2
J 3-3 CO2CH4
5,000km 0.000000010 t-CH4/km 0.0000500 t-CH4
2.2kL 0.0000017 t-N2O/GJ 0.00000374 t-N2O5,000km 0.000000029 t-N2O/km 0.000145 t-N2O
CO2 CO2
26
J
“ ”CO2
t-CO2 GJ t-CO2/GJ
0.057t-CO2/GJ
k X Qk kg-CO2/MJX kg-CO2
Q MJ
X
2,000GJ 0.057t-CO2/GJ 114 t-CO2
3.4
CH4 N2O
CO2
CO2
CH4 N2O
27
1)
3-6 CH4 N2O
←←
CH4 N2O
2)
CH4 N2O
CH4 N2O
t-CH4 m3 t-CH4/m3
t-N2O m3 t-N2O/m3
CH4 N2O 3-6
8,000 m3/ 0.00088 t-CH4/ m3 7.04 t-CH4
8,000 m3/ 0.00016 t-N2O/ m3 1.28 t-N2O
28
CH4 N2O
CH4 N2O
CH4 N2O
N2O
3 2
CH4 CH4
t-CH4 wet-t t-CH4/tt-N2O wet-t t-N2O/t
3-6
9,500 wet-t/ 0.0000097 t-CH4/wet-t 0.0922 t-CH4
9,500 wet-t/ 0.000645 t-N2O/ wet-t 6.13 t-N2O850
CH4
CH4
t-CH4 Ds-t t-CH4/t( )
11 1/11 3-6
11 14,000wet-t → 1,270 wet-t/1,270wet-t/ 80% 254ds-t/254ds-t/ 0.133 t-CH4/ds-t 33.8 t-CH4
CH4
11
11 11 1/11
CH4
29
t-CH4 Wet-t t-CH4/t 3-6
1,500wet-t/ 0.0040 t-CH4/wet 6.0 t-CH4
CH4 N2O
CH4 N2O
3.5
1) CO2
3-7
30
2)CO2
t-CO2 m3 t- CO2/m3
t-CO2 t t- CO2/t 3-7
1,400 m3/ 0.002 t-CO2/m3 2.8 t-CO2
0.2 t/ 0.32 t-CO2/t 0.65 t-CO2
0.8 t/ 6.52 t-CO2/t 5.22 t-CO2
3.6
4,000m3/ 1,640 m3/1,640 m3 22 GJ/ m3 36,080 GJ
20 25 MJ/m3N → 22 MJ/m3 GJ/ m3
2.71 t-CO2/kLA 36,080 GJ 39.1 GJ/kL 922.8 kL
922.8 kL 2.71 t-CO2/kL 2,500 t-CO2
10,000m2
(kW) 1/15 (m2)+5 1/15 10,000m2 5 672kW(kWh/ )
(kW) (kWh/m2 )(kWh/m2) 0.7 ( / )
672 kW 63.6 kWh/m2 1 kWh/m2 0.7 365 / 618,000kWh/0.555 t-CO2/ kWh
618 kWh 0.555 t-CO2/ kWh 343 t-CO2
2007.3NEDO
31
3-8
PFI
32
IPCC
7
1 13A 12A P-13A
2
3
16
MJ/Nm3
2 PPS
6
33
PPS
1 N2O
2 CH4 CH4
CH4 N2O
34
4
4.1CO2 CH4 N2O
3
CH4 21 N2O 310
CO2
t-CO2 t
t-CO2/t-CH4/t-N2O/
121310
t-CO2/t-CO2/t-CO2/
4-1
35
4-2
4.2
4.2.1
36
18 4-1
N2O CH4
N2O CH4
1) ( )2)
H18
4-1 CO2
4.2.2
37
t-CO2/m3
t-CO2 m3
ds-tt-CO2/m3
t-CO2 m3
t-CO2/ds-tt-CO2 ds-t
4-2
11
4-2
38
1
2
4.2.3
4-3
39
4-33
k hk hk h
18
4-3
40
4.3
1)
2)
3)
3
4.2
1)t-CO2/m3
t-CO2/ m3/
2)
41
3)
E1 Q1 m3/ A t-CO2/m3 365
E1 t-CO2/
Q1 m3/
A t-CO2/m3
3
4.2
4-4
4-4
4-5
42
5
5.1
1)
2)
3)
4)
4 4.2.2
1
2
1)
43
2)
3)
4)
5-1
5-1
1)
2) N2O
3)
4)
CO2
1 N2O
44
2
3
5.2
16 2 26
5-2
1. ()
2.3.4.
( )5. ( )1.2. ( )3. (
)4. (
)
45
1.DO
2.3. ( )4.
( )( )
( )5.1. ( )2. ( )3. (
)4. (
)1.2.
3. ( )4.
1. ( )2.3.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.1.2.3.4.1.2.3.4.5. (
)6.7.8.9.
1.
2.
46
NaS
()
1.0
(PM)
(COP) 6
COP
47
DC
CO2
(COP)
(VCS)
48
CO2
CO2
90CO2
(R410A)80(COP)
200
80
CO2 CO CO2 CO
CO2 CO
PM (PM)
49
LED (LED)
1.2.1.2.3.4.
1.2.3.4.
5.3
1)
2)
3)
1)N2O
50
N2O
310
N2O
1.51kgN2O/wet-t
0.645 kgN2O/wet-t
CO2
CH4 N2O
Vol.42 No.508 2005/02 pp97-110
WebPage http://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/city/sewerage/gyosei/ondanka.html
N N2O
CH4 N2OVol.42 No.508 2005/02 pp97-110
5-1
CH4 N2O
2)CH4 N2O
CH4 N2O
51
3) CH4 N2O
CH4
N2O N2O
N2O
CH4 N2O
1) 9 3
2) 9
10 10
3) CH4 N2O
Vol.42 No.508 2005/02 pp97-110
3)
CH4
50
5.4
52
5.5
A B
A t-CO2/
B t-CO2/
53
2 3
Webpagehttp://www.mlit.go.jp/crd/city/sewerage/gyosei/ondanka.html
54
NaSNAS CO2
CO2 NOx
NOxNAS
Webpagehttp://www.tepco.co.jp/solution/energy/battery/bat03-j.html
NAS CO2
CO2
http://www.gesui.metro.tokyo.jp/oshi/infn0186.htm
55
MLSS DO
56
23 1
( 16 17 )
HP
57
CO2
HP
58
CO2
A kWh/B kWh/C-CO2/
A B kWh/ C CO2/
59
1
60
CH4 9036 m3 1,400
2006 600t-CO2
1
62% 90%
CH4 98
70 m3 50km 401,200t-CO2
2004 1160% 98
61
99,000 8,70037,000
-CO2
62
A-CO2/B-CO2/
[m3] [t/m3] {ABS( [ ]) [MJ/(t )] [MJ/t]} [m3] 0.5(t/m3) {ABS(-4 ) 2.1(MJ/t ) 334.9(MJ/t)}[m3] 0.5(t/m3) {ABS(-4 ) 2.1(MJ/t ) 334.9(MJ/t)}[m3] 171.65MJ/m3 [m3] 0.172GJ/m3 C-GJ/
C(GJ) 0.00258(kl/GJ) CO2 C(GJ) 0.00258(kl/GJ) 2.71(t-CO2/kl) D-CO2/
A CO2 3.3CO2/ D A B
CO2
CO2
CO2
63
6
6.1PDCA
6.2
2
a)
b)
64
20 3 10
65
6.3
2