V{tÜÄxá `A Â`|~xÊ ZtÜtáv|t · Mr. Gregory A. Forman, Chair Mrs. Clare Osdene Schapiro, Vice Chair Mr. Peter Blake Mrs. Elizabeth S. Bolin Mr. Shennen L. Dean Mrs. Brenda Drew,

1

ADDENDUM NO. 1 DATE: January 22, 2019 REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL RFP #: M190011228 DATED: January 18, 2019 PROPOSAL DUE DATE: Friday, March 1, 2019 at 2:30 p.m. EST SUBJECT: Question #1 – Clarification & Response Ladies/Gentlemen: Please take note of the following: Please take note of the following question and clarification for questions #1 through #31 in the matrix below: Questions, Responses and Clarifications

1). Question #1: This solicitation document references a Library Facilities Master Plan, adopted by Richmond’s City Council in 2008. Would you kindly provide a web-link or a pdf copy of this Plan to help us better understand the City’s approach and expectations.

Response: Yes. A copy is provided within Addendum #1.

Note: RFI Log attached, dated January 22, 2019. Refer to Addendum #1, Attachment #1. Vendor must take due notice and be governed accordingly. This addendum must be acknowledged and included with the bid (s) submission as indicated in the bid or your response may not be considered. Sincerely,

V{tÜÄxá `A Â`|~xÊ ZtÜtáv|t Charles M. “Mike” Garascia Contracting Officer RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED: Company BY: PRINT ____________________________________________________________ Signature Title Date

June 2009

RICHMOND PUBLIC LIBRARYFACILITY MASTER PLAN

Inform, Enrich, Empower

A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

B. COMMUNITY OVERVIEW/DEMOGRAPHICS

C. MASTER PLAN PROCESS

D. EXISTING CONDITIONS

E. NEEDS ASSESSMENT

F. MAIN LIBRARY

G. RECOMMENDATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS


A - 1

Since its creation in 1924, the Richmond Public Library System has

provided the citizens of Richmond with access to a broad range

of resources for education, socialization, job development, and

research. Today, the system serves 200,128 residents through the

Main Library and eight branch libraries located throughout the city.

As part of the Capital Infrastructure Improvement Program, and in

an effort to align library service programs with community needs,

the library commissioned the Richmond-based firm of Rawlings

Wilson & Associates, and the national planning and design firm of

Fanning Howey, to conduct technology and infrastructure upgrades

to the branch libraries. As this effort progressed, it quickly became

apparent that the library required a long-range plan for addressing

the changing needs of residents, shifting demographics, and new

trends in library service.

This Master Plan is meant to provide a potential roadmap for the

future. While the city has dramatically changed over the past few

decades, library facilities have remained essentially the same. The

goal of this Master Plan is to establish a plan of action for redefining

the role of libraries in Richmond, Virginia, and creating a sustainable,

cost-effective model for future service and growth.

A TWO-PRONGED APPROACH

The library system is undertaking a two-pronged approach to

reinvigorating its facilities.

Phase One, initiated in the fall of 2008, is currently in the early

phases of design and is funded through the Capital Infrastructure

Improvement Program. This effort includes technology and

infrastructure upgrades that are addressing immediate and critical

needs at the branch libraries.

Phase Two represents a long-range approach to meeting space needs

and the needs of residents. It provides a plan which will guide the

library system through 2031.

The two efforts are being undertaken simultaneously to ensure that

current renovations are made with an emphasis on the best use of

valuable construction dollars. For example, many of the investments

made in Phase One will be able to be transferred to the Phase Two

portion of the project.


A - 2

ANALYSIS TOOLS

The findings and recommendations outlined in this document are

based on accurate data and significant input from the Library Board

and the community. The planning team used the following tools as a

source of information:

• Benchmarking – The Richmond Public Library System was compared to twelve other library systems from peer cities across the country. Comparing library systems based on key criteria provides a valuable context for decision-making.

• Life-Style Analysis – A life-style analysis based on GIS information tried to answer the question, “Who are the residents of Richmond?” Sample information gathered includes education levels, housing costs, family makeup, and population trends in various geographic areas.

• Community/Staff Meetings – The planning and design team held a staff/community meeting in each branch library. This forum provided residents with an important opportunity to provide input and feedback and highlight the library services that are important to them.

• Facility Assessment – A team of architects and engineers examined each building for inadequate conditions and necessary upgrades. It is important to note that this assessment takes into account existing conditions, as well as conditions as they will exist after the renovations program.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

The master planning process began with the Library Board

establishing clear goals and objectives, which took the form of three

impact statements:

• Children will enter school ready to learn, and will succeed academically through resources and programs offered for them, their parents, and caregivers at Richmond Public Library.

• Richmond residents of all ages will thrive and realize success in academic, professional, personal, cultural, and economic pursuits, enhanced by relevant services and resources at Richmond Public Library.

• Richmond residents will increase their technological knowledge, skill, and competencies from technology, programs, and resources available at Richmond Public Library.

These impact statements are the guiding principles for both the

immediate renovation projects and the Master Plan. Information

gained during user surveys, as well as the Library Board’s long-

standing relationship with the community, shaped the development

of the statements.

A - 3

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Create three branch library service models: Borrower’s Library, Information Library, Balanced Library to meet the needs of each service area.

• Borrower’s Library – Program will place an emphasis on collections and a broader representation of the works of popular authors, recordings, and series. Computing resources are provided at an appropriate level. Service Areas: West End, Belmont, Westover Hills

• Information Library – Program will focus on providing extensive computing resources. Collections will be focused on high demand, popular materials. Nonfiction collections may emphasize titles dealing with specific skills and processes. Service Areas: East End, Hull Street, North Avenue

• Balanced Library – Program will focus on creating an equilibrium among collections and technology. Service Areas: Broad Rock, Ginter Park

• Reduce the overall collection from approximately 800,000 volumes to 575,000 volumes.

• Further analyze conditions at the Main Library to examine the potential repurposing of existing space.

• DO NOT consolidate branch libraries into three or four regional libraries. Instead, establish branch libraries in their current service area locations using the following square footage templates:

• 8,000 square feet



KEY FINDINGS

• Richmond’s branch libraries have evolved over time to become an integral part of their communities. This is a unique trait, and one that should be encouraged.

• While there are commonalities, which span all communities within Richmond, each service area population has specific needs that are driven by mobility, access to technology resources, borrowing habits, and other issues.

• Based on the current population of 195,000, the branch libraries are undersized by 49%.

• Based on a projected 5% increase in population by 2031, the branch libraries are undersized by 60% and will require an additional 32,000 square feet of space.

• The size of the Main Library is out of proportion with its service area population and circulation. Yet the building’s value as a public and civic space remains undeniable.

• The library’s holdings (books, media, publications) per capita ratio is 4.14, the highest of any of the benchmarked library systems.

• Current conditions in the branch libraries require immediate attention to improve life-safety and maintenance issues.

• The lack of available land will complicate the future renovation and expansion of the branch libraries.

A - 4

THANKS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Richmond Public Library System would like to recognize the

following groups and individuals whose contributions to this process

were invaluable.

Library Director

Mrs. Harriet H. Coalter

Library Board

Mr. Gregory A. Forman, Chair

Mrs. Clare Osdene Schapiro, Vice Chair

Mr. Peter Blake

Mrs. Elizabeth S. Bolin

Mr. Shennen L. Dean

Mrs. Brenda Drew, Ed. D

Mr. Benjamin J. Lambert, IV

Mrs. Kathryn J. Monday

Mr. John E. Ulmschneider

Planning/Design Team

Rawlings Wilson & Associates

Fanning Howey

George Lawson Library Planning

Dynamix Engineering, Ltd.

Riemenschneider Design Associates

William Spell

• Engage in a construction program which would create the following branch libraries:

• Belmont: 13,000-square-foot Borrower’s Library

• Broad Rock: 13,000-square-foot Balanced Library

• East End: 10,000-square-foot Information Library

• Ginter Park: 8,000-square-foot Balanced Library

• Hull Street: 8,000-square-foot Information Library

• North Avenue: 10,000-square-foot Information Library

• West End: 13,000-square-foot Borrower’s Library

• Westover Hills: 13,000-square-foot Borrower’s Library

MOVING FORWARD

Based on the findings of this Master Plan, Phase One renovations

should move forward on the current schedule. The investigations

into the Main Library should be expanded through a more detailed

feasibility study conducted as a separate initiative. As the plan for

Phase Two moves forward, a strategy must be developed for future

land acquisitions. In addition, a corresponding funding plan must be

put into place to ensure that the library system’s vision can become

a reality. Given the overall scope, the Master Plan will need to be

executed in a phased manner after the completion of Phase One.

The first level of funding appropriations should be aimed toward

site selection so that over the next several years action can be taken

when opportunities are presented.


B - 1

UNDERSTANDING THE COMMUNITY

One goal of the study was to gain a sense of understanding about

the residents of the Richmond area and what they need. During

our discussions we were often told, “That is so Richmond.” We think

this speaks volumes about the identity that threads through all

the neighborhoods, but the key to that expression is the diversity

which exists; essentially, it means different things to different people

depending on the library service area in which one lives. The design

team experienced a commonality that crossed all neighborhoods,

which speaks highly of residents of Richmond. Some members of

our team were not from the immediate area and were essentially

guests of your community. Our job was to gather data, analyze the

data, and make recommendations based on library practices and

the “personality” of each neighborhood. We equate this to being

an invited guest coming into your house and going through all

the rooms; it can be a very personal experience. To that end, the

graciousness, hospitality, and openness that our team experienced

during our travels and community meetings speaks volumes about

the true character of this area.

As part of our evaluation, the team created what is called a “life-style

analysis.” This analysis examined a wide-range of characteristics

that make up a community. A very brief overview of this is shown

in the chart found on page B2. A sampling of the information which

comprised the life-style analysis includes the following:

• Education levels broken out by high school, secondary degrees, and post graduate degrees

• Average cost of housing

• Car and house ownership

• Family make-up by age group and quantity

• Religious preferences

• Population trends by age, race, religion, and education


B - 2

Area 2007 Estimated Population

Median Family Income

Caucasian African American

Asian/Other Latino Families Below Poverty (%)

Richmond, City of 193,090 $49,739 42.7% 52.2% 5.1% 4.1% 16.93%

Service Area

A. Ginter Park 7,744 $72,925 72.7% 24.4% 2.9% 1.4% 7.59%

B. North Avenue 15,945 $37,879 8.9% 88.4% 2.7% 1.6% 25.20%

C. East End 28,049 $31,571 19.4% 78.1% 2.5% 1.4% 33.19%

D. Downtown 3,999 $31,448 40.8% 45.9% 13.3% 3.0% 28.52%

E. Belmont 31,658 $56,506 64.3% 29.4% 6.3% 3.3% 11.65%

F. West End 13,598 $120,837 93.3% 4.1% 2.6% 2.0% 0.87%

G. Service from Chesterfield Bon Air 8,845 $87,665 73.0% 22.5% 4.4% 3.4% 0.88%

H. Westover Hills 27,620 $52,410 46.5% 47.8% 5.7% 4.4% 13.06%

I. Broad Rock 26,669 $44,134 27.0% 62.9% 10.1% 12.3% 15.46%

J. Hull Street 14,119 $32,377 20.9% 74.6% 4.5% 4.1% 29.96%

This report is only part of the available data. This information is

much too cumbersome to be directly included in this written

document, but by no means is it confidential. This information

can be made available for public consumption and utilization,

although the details of how to make the information available

have not been established.

The information gathered through the life-style analysis helps

quantify statistical characteristics of a library service area, which is

essential. A broad look at the community shows a median income

of $49,739 and a community that is 52.2% African-American,

42.7% Caucasian, 5.1% Asian, and 4.1% Latino. Approximately

17% of the total population falls below the poverty level. But this

overview does not truly represent the diversity that exists within the

Richmond Public Library System. When one looks more closely at the

statistical differences between library service areas, a different picture

emerges. In addition to this statistical overview, there are intangibles

gathered during talks with community residents that really bring the

statistics to life. As mentioned in the process segment of this report,

our team conducted a public focus group meeting at each branch

and had discussions with library staff members. Open dialogue

was also conducted with members of our local partner firm, City of

Richmond personnel, and library administration to help shape the

data. The information gathered helped us form the following three

library service models.

B - 3

meetings who indicated if they really wanted a book, they were

more likely to purchase it rather than wait until it became available.

The make-up of the collections could be slightly different in these

locations, and there was less of a need to direct resources to Latino

or African-American authors or information. Circulation rates had a

tendency to be higher in these locations, not necessarily because

more people were checking out materials, but because the amount of

materials per individual was higher. Computer use was still a demand,

but not to the levels found in the Information Libraries.

Balanced Library Influences – (Ginter, Broad Rock)

Characteristics of the Balanced Library service area are both above

and below the median. Regarding income, Ginter Park is above the

median and Broad Rock is slightly below. Of all the library service

areas, although aggregated into a single type of library, the personalities

of these communities are quite different.

Ginter Park is a more affluent and mobile community. This community

appears to be a significant walking user group due to the younger

families and proximity to the adjacent elderly housing complex.

The environment surrounding the library does not act as a deterrent

to community use. The nature of the user population tends towards

younger, newer families and the older population, with a noticeable

void of teenage users. Programming for both children and adults

appears to be important. Similar to the Borrower’s Library, this group

SERVICE MODEL INFLUENCES

Borrower’s Library Influences - (West End, Westover Hills, Belmont, Bon Air)

Characteristics of the Borrower’s Library service area include an

above average per capita income and significantly fewer residents

below the poverty level. Education levels and access to private

schools, strong-performing public schools, and institutions of higher

education have a bearing. These two factors influence the desire to

access printed material as a first priority and less of a need for access

to technology. It appears that the income level and educational

background allow for technology independence because of resource

availability within the household. Also, one of the significant

contributors to computer use in some locations is the need to fill

out on-line job applications and create resumes. In these areas, it

is likely there is less job relocation that is dependent on the on-line

application experience. This segment of the community appears to

have more mobility due to higher levels of car ownership, resulting

in less dependence on public transportation. Within this grouping,

individuals from West End, Westover Hills, and Bon Air Service Area

were more likely to use either Chesterfield County or Henrico County

libraries to fulfill their borrowing needs. This grouping could be

considered more likely to use the Main Library for specific research

materials. The Belmont borrowers had similar tendencies, but might

be more likely to access information from Virginia Commonwealth

University because of proximity and number of faculty and students

associated with this area. There were representatives at the public

B - 4

Computer use at this location straddles between the Borrower’s

and Information Libraries. The median income is below average,

with a meaningful number of families living below the poverty level.

This influences computer usage. The lack of resources by some segments

of the population could encourage computer use for filling out on-line

job applications and Internet access.

Information Library Influences – (East End, North Avenue, Hull Street)

Information Library service areas have per capita income levels below

the median and a significantly higher number of families below the

poverty level. On average, high school graduation rates are lower, as are

the number of residents with degrees from colleges or universities.

These library service areas showed the highest demand for computer

use. Many residents do not have access to a computer or Internet access

in their homes. Although the entire system showed an additional need

for on-line research and e-mail usage, this need was most evident in the

East End, North Avenue, and Hull Street communities.

The need for resources to conduct job searches is perhaps the greatest

influence on the demand for computer access. Many users come to the

library to fill out on-line job applications and create resumes, a process

which typically exceeds the current one hour limitation on computer

use. In addition, the current economic climate has increased the

probability of job relocation, making users even more dependent

on the library to provide access to on-line job applications.

has the mobility to use Henrico County’s new libraries and the Main

Library with more ease and frequency. This population has the ability

to more readily purchase materials for personal use than is found at

the Information Libraries.

Computer use here straddles between the Borrower’s and

Information Libraries, and might be more discretionary. Residents

within this immediate service area might have more access to in-

home Internet access and personal computers. Proximity to North

Avenue is an influence on computer use in this area. It was

noted in our research that there is a segment of the city that is

located halfway between North Avenue and Ginter Park that

uses both libraries.

Broad Rock is probably the most unique of all the branch libraries

in terms of fitting within a specific library type. Ginter Park and

Broad Rock have similar use patterns, but the residents using each

are quite different. The make-up of this service population has the

largest percentage of Latino and Asian residents found within the

system, which influences the types of collection material to be found.

This appeared to be particularly true for supporting the Latino

population. Residents indicated there were “pockets of different

communities” throughout the library service area. Although this

creates cultural richness, servicing the diverse needs has influences

in defining this as a balanced library. Another unique characteristic is

the high percentage of rental properties, meaning a more transient

population which, in our discussion with residents, appeared to be a

community identifier.

B - 5

Once patrons reach the library, it is imperative to provide them with

the information they desire. Residents in this area want collections

that have a stronger component of African-American authors,

stories, and information. At North Avenue, there appears to be

a growing segment of the population who would like more

information associated with the Muslim faith. Library staff should

invest time in determining interests that should be reflected in the

neighborhood library collections.

In addition to the need for technology, the Information Library

service areas are challenged with how to connect residents to

their public libraries. These challenges lie in three areas: providing

adequate transportation, offering secure environments, and

customizing the make-up of the collections.

Residents in these communities have a greater dependence on

public transportation, which results in less mobility. For example,

in the North Avenue community, where the main bus route and a bus

stop are in close proximity to the library, there is a significant increase

in library use patterns.

While residents must have access to their local library, this access

offers no benefit if an individual or family decides not to use the

library because of concerns over their safety. All three libraries in

these areas provide a place for those without fixed residence to

gather and access resources. This places an increased importance

on internal configuration and supervision strategies. In addition

to safety concerns, both the East End and North Avenue branches

are in close proximity to party stores. Youth have the opportunity

to witness congregating adults using resources from these

establishments and depicting poor role modeling. This was a clear

message from the residents of North Avenue in particular.


C - 1

INTRODUCTION

Richmond seeks to build upon the possibilities provided by recent

development efforts and channel these resources back into its historic

center, thus legitimizing its title as “Virginia’s Downtown.” Through

its funding and leadership, the Capital Infrastructure Improvement

Program (CIIP) has become a catalyst for this effort, and has led to

crucial upgrades to the Richmond Public Library System.

The residents of Richmond will benefit significantly from the current

Information Technology and Building Renovation program.

The program’s objectives include providing infrastructure and building

improvements that increase the number of computers, refreshing

well worn interiors, addressing ADA concerns, and improving overall

building performance.

Once the scope was established for the Building Renovation program,

it became apparent that such a commitment of resources needed to be

balanced with the long-term expectations for the system as a whole.

The library buildings, particularly the branches, have not received the

improvements to infrastructure needed to properly service today’s

community. Consequently, a plan was developed in which the master

planning and renovation efforts would run on a parallel course with

the Master Plan presented in May 2009 - the same time that schematic

design was concluding on all eight branches and Main Library. This

would allow the City of Richmond and the Library Board to balance

the investment of current funding with long-term investment

expectations, maximizing the utilization of current tax dollars.

To help optimize the current investment, the design team has

identified items that are transferable, such as loose furniture and

technology that can be readily incorporated into future projects when

they become reality.

Master planning outcomes are designed to establish the library’s

needs twenty years into the future. This has proven to be a realistic

time period due to the availability of funding for capital projects. The

challenge of such a timeframe is to make sure that reasonable growth

and population criteria and guidelines are adaptable to change. It

becomes important in this exercise to define clear core values that are

reflective of the community, embrace good library practices, and plan

for change. In master planning a library system, there is not a universal

answer; what works in one community will not necessarily work in

another. However, there are lessons learned that suggested what

would work for the Richmond Public Library System.

This master planning process began with the Library Board

establishing clear goals and objectives, which took the form of

three impact statements:





C - 2

The twelve municipalities are:

• Des Moines Public Library – Iowa

• Chattahoochee Valley Libraries – Georgia

• Chesapeake Public Library System – Virginia

• Chesterfield County Library System – Virginia

• Durham County Library System – North Carolina

• Frederick County Public Libraries – Maryland

• Hampton Public Library – Virginia

• Henrico County Public Library – Virginia

• Scottsdale Public Library System – Arizona

• Shreve Memorial Library – Louisiana

• Spokane Public Library – Washington

The intent of this process was to provide a framework in which

the Library Board could position the library system in relationship

to comparables. This allows the Board the opportunity to make

decisions with an awareness of the system’s national position.

These impact statements are the guiding principles for both the

immediate renovation projects and decision-making for the Master

Plan. These statements are rooted in user surveys and the Library

Board’s long-standing relationship with the community.

BENCHMARKING

One essential part of re-establishing Richmond as “Virginia’s

Downtown” can be achieved by favorably positioning the library

system amongst peer systems across the country. The Richmond

Public Library System should be a thoughtful, well-managed, and

responsive community asset that will help attract future businesses

and residents.

The Library Board and designers determined twelve comparable

cities from different parts of the country to use as a mechanism for

benchmarking and comparison. These municipalities were selected

based on criteria developed, discussed, and confirmed through a

series of conversations with the designers, library staff, and Library

Board. The selection criteria were intended to help define library

systems that are both similar in structure and that reflect what the

library system might wish to achieve. In a sense, these might be

viewed as potential role models.

C - 3

different users. The staff in each library, because they work with the

users each and every day, also have a sense of who uses the library

and where they are located. This information was verified through

mailing addresses linked to library cards. Physical factors were taken

into consideration as well; there are distinct segments of the system

that are defined by natural features, highways, and distribution of

residential areas that influence service areas. The location of bus

routes, walking distances, and accessibility by car influenced the

boundaries of each service area. It also became apparent that some

libraries had residents who split their time between two libraries, and

this was factored into the equation to avoid skewed data.

LIBRARY SERVICE AREAS

The Richmond Public Library System consists of eight branches and

the Main Library. The branch libraries are distributed equally around

the system, resulting in each branch servicing a particular group of

library users. All facilities are accessible to any person with a library

card, and users are free to use any branch or the Main Library.

In our discussions with staff and

library users from each library,

we found that most people use a

specific branch. This is typical

and this tendency is referred to

as a library service area. A library

service area is the geographic area

that surrounds the library building

in which the users of greatest

frequency are found. Another way

to look at it is the neighborhood of

the library. How many people live in

the neighborhood or library service area has a direct bearing on how

large the library building should be. Simply put, the greater number

of people located in the service area, the larger the building

needs to be.

The size of each service area was established partly through scientific

research and partly through local knowledge from library staff and

residents. An informal survey contained a map of the

city denoting the location of each branch library. Residents were

asked to insert a pushpin on the map indicating where they lived.

This sampling gave the design team a sense of the location of

C - 4

FACILITY ASSESSMENT

A system-wide facility assessment helped define the exact scope

of work for the renovation program, while providing a foundation

for the Master Plan. A team of architects and engineers visited

each building and reviewed plans and specifications to gain an

understanding of the existing conditions for each building.

The design team also spoke with individual branch managers

and held discussions with community members through a public

meeting at each library. During these meetings, the design team

was able to extract an understanding of how the community uses

the building, what services are used, what services are needed,

and the personality of the community. While this was by no means

a comprehensive investigation, it does appear to be adequate to

help shape an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses

of each library. The detailed findings of this effort can be found in

section D - Existing Conditions.

NEEDS ASSESSMENT

The needs assessment is the outcome of combining the impact

statements and library service area populations in the context of

the benchmark communities. This process was conducted in parallel

with the facility assessment and was facilitated by discussions with

community groups and library stakeholders. The goal of this effort

was to establish the overall need and confirm or redefine the delivery

methodology for the system. The objective was to determine if the

library should retain its eight branches and a single Main Library, or if

there should be fewer branch libraries of a larger size.

Once the physical boundary of a service area was established,

the design team used GIS demographic information to establish

the number of people located within that area. This information was

then projected out to the year 2031 to determine the number of

residents per service area.

While this approach is not an exact science, it does give a sense

of the magnitude for determining the size for a future library.

The following table reflects the library service areas to be used

in sizing the libraries.

Library Service Area Populations

Belmont 35,518

Broad Rock 28,629

Downtown 4,238

East End 31,650

Ginter Park 12,063

Hull Street 14,119

North Ave 22,675

West End 16,375

Westover Hills 29,277

C - 5

A service area is defined as that portion of the community which uses

a particular branch library, Main Library, or any combination of the

two. The library posted maps in each library and asked library users

to mark on the map where they lived, which resulted in a relatively

clear view of how users were clustered around each library. It also

helped define the farthest extent that users typically travel.

This information was then meshed with addresses of library

cardholders. It was then necessary to look at the natural and

man-made features that separate service areas. Once these

parameters of the service area for each branch and Main Library

were established, a demographic study was executed to help

determine the number of people per service area. In addition to

quantifying the population, the design team was able to use GIS data

to analyze approximately 25 statistical characteristics that range from

education and home ownership to family size and income, to better

understand the make-up of each service area.

The final piece of information-gathering consisted of meeting with

community members during public meetings held at the library,

as well as spending time observing in each library. Discussions with

the library staff that have a long history with their patrons helped

shape our understandings. Throughout the process, our design team

kept an ongoing dialogue with library staff and the architectural firm

to confirm the formation of our perceptions.

The needs assessment took place over a two-month period and

involved benchmarking the Richmond Public Library System against

other library systems throughout the nation. It was important that

these peer institutions represent a standard of comparison that

reflected the demographics of the Richmond area and provided a

national perspective of library services. These benchmark systems

were broken down into approximately 20 different categories that

define library service and then measured against the Richmond

Public Library System. The profiling provided an objective picture of

the make-up of the system, which then could be analyzed both on

an individual and accumulative basis. From this analysis, the design

team and library were able to discuss and adjust the parameters of

the system to the needs of the community.

The result of this effort suggested that the current configuration

of the system, although not the most financially efficient way of

delivering library services, was consistent with what has been,

and should continue to be, the personality of the Richmond

Public Library System. It was confirmed that the eight branch

libraries and a single Main Library should be retained, but with

modification. The detailed findings of this effort can be found

in section E - Needs Assessment.

SERVICE AREA ASSESSMENT

From the beginning of the process, it was a clearly stated objective

that the outcomes and recommendations should reflect the history,

culture, and personality of the Richmond area. This is the most

subjective aspect of any study and needs to be handled with care

and thoughtfulness.

C - 6

BEYOND THE MASTER PLAN

The Master Plan defines the quantitative aspects of how the

Richmond Public Library System must evolve to reach its full

potential and best benefit the community. The most difficult part

of the Master Plan will be maintaining the diligence and ownership

that will have to transcend City Administrations, Library Boards, and

Library Staff. The Phase Two portion of the plan will most likely take

ten years or more to reach its full realization, but the process needs

to be set in motion today. There needs to be a culture established

that never lets the intent of the Master Plan fade into the background

as time passes. Appropriations for site acquisitions need to be put

on the City Council agenda now so that, as opportunities present

themselves, properties can be acquired at reasonable costs.

There should be a strategy developed that provides opportunities

for fundraising and attracting major donors, including the discussion

on whether naming rights are within the realm of possibility for

donors. Although Phase One is going to proceed, Phase Two should

not be put on the back burner.

EXECUTION OF THE MASTER PLAN

There are multiple segments to the execution of the Master Plan

that will need to happen over an extended period of time. The most

important aspect of achieving the Master Plan is for the community

to have a stake in the process and keep a diligent and watchful eye

on its execution. The plan has been broken into two different phases

that address the immediate needs and establish a framework for

sustaining a viable system for future generations.

Phase One is the execution of the renovation and technology

upgrades that were defined through the Capital Infrastructure

Improvement Plan. This process is already in progress, with the first

two libraries to start construction near the end of 2009. The goal will

be to complete upgrades to all eight branch libraries and a portion of

the Main Library by 2012. Upon completion, the library system will be

prepared to help address some of the system’s current shortcomings

and establish a platform for launching Phase Two.

Phase Two of the Master Plan involves expanding the overall size of

the branch system by approximately 65%. The increase in the sizes

of the libraries will be accomplished by expansion and renovation

of the Ginter Park and Broad Rock Libraries, and replacement of the

Belmont, East End, Hull Street, North Avenue, West End, and Westover

Hills branches. There are a variety of ways to accomplish this and

options are listed in more detail in section G - Recommendations.

What is apparent is that there will need to be an investment in the

acquisition of properties with structures that can be renovated,

or sites that will accommodate the new facilities.


D - 1

INTRODUCTION

The master planning effort for the Richmond Public Library

System has run in parallel with the planning phase for the Capital

Infrastructure Improvement Program (CIIP), Richmond Public

Libraries – Technology Upgrades and Library Renovations projects,

as these efforts have reciprocal influence.

The master planning effort creates a vision for the Library System’s

needs through 2031, while the CIIP Renovation projects attempt

to address both immediate needs and long-term considerations.

The planning team understands that the “existing condition” of

the system’s buildings will remain an ever-changing variable as

proposed renovations are executed over the next three years. Given

this dynamic situation, it is imperative that both the actual existing

conditions and the projected conditions are fully considered in the

execution of the master plan.

PROCESS

As part of the renovation projects, the design team visited

each building to observe and document existing conditions.

This evaluation was not intended to be an exhaustive review,

but rather an assessment of existing drawings and a visual

inventory adequate enough to facilitate the implementation of

proposed renovations. For example, an analysis of the asbestos

content of existing building materials was beyond the expertise of

the team. When circumstances warranted additional investigation,

recommendations were made to the city of Richmond to perform

a more detailed analysis.

For each branch location, the team has identified aspects of the

existing condition that may require correction due to code violations,

maintenance concerns, health and safety concerns, or best practices

for library planning.

From the standpoint of technology services, the complete

technology system was evaluated at each branch, including such

items as cabling infrastructure, computers, printers, wireless access,

network equipment, building security systems, book security

systems, and audio/video systems.

In addition to the documentation visits, the team conducted

information-gathering meetings with city departments such

as Facilities, the Department of Information Technology, and City

Planning. To ensure that all stakeholders were given consideration,

feedback was collected through staff interviews and public input

meetings held at each of the branches.


Assessments provide a “snapshot” of existing conditions and outline how they will change over time.

D - 2

and generate unwanted ambient noise. The location of these servers

makes them too accessible to daily traffic and does not provide

adequate environmental protection.

The department is in the process of updating the phone system in all

city buildings, including the libraries. The new phone system will be

a Cisco VOIP system with true redundant communication managers

located at City Hall. In addition, the library and city are undergoing

an ILS upgrade with server replacements, and are implementing

software updates to improve the library’s database system.

BELMONT

Service Population: 35,518

Site

The Belmont Branch Library is located at the corner of Ellwood

and Belmont Avenues near the urban retail district known as

Carytown. The building as it exists today is the result of two separate

construction projects. The original building, constructed in 1956,

was approximately 4,000 square feet and occupied the area of the

site closest to the corner. In 1966, an addition of approximately 3,450

square feet was completed, for a total branch size of 7,450 square

feet. This library was the first new branch library constructed for the

Richmond Public Library System.

The site provides an opportunity for two public building entrances.

The main entrance is located on Ellwood Street, near the corner.

The back entrance is convenient to the on-site parking, which is

The team consisted of a combination of architects, a landscape

architect, interior designers, technology designers, mechanical

engineers, and electrical engineers. Team members and their

assessment responsibilities were as follows:

Site William Spell and Fanning Howey

Architecture Rawlings Wilson & Associates and Fanning Howey

Technology Fanning Howey

Furnishings Riemenschneider Design Associates

Mechanical Dynamix Engineering, Ltd.

Electrical Dynamix Engineering, Ltd.

Library planning issues were addressed by the Library Planning

Consultant, George Lawson. His findings are included within section

E - Needs Assessment.

Technology: Common Items Across All Locations

All branch libraries are connected by frame relay via T1 leased lines

to the main server farm, which resides in the city building located at

900 Broad Street. The Department of Information Technology (DIT)

is planning to update the existing T1 connections to a MPLS meshed

network. This project will be done in conjunction with updates to

other city and government buildings.

The existing building infrastructure for technology and electrical

systems will not support the proposed increase in technology.

A significant quantity of the current technology hardware is beyond

its life expectancy. Currently, the servers are located in staff areas

D - 3

glass provides natural light to the interior and makes library activities

visible to passers by. Since there was far less concern about energy

conservation when this facility was built, the thermal envelope

of the building is subpar by today’s energy-conscious standards.

For the age of the building,

the exterior is in fair condition,

but there are some areas of

concern that will need to

receive additional consideration.

Diagonal cracking along masonry

joint lines at the northeast

corner of the building has been

tuck-pointed; this area should be inspected periodically as a part

of regular building maintenance. The site investigation was made

after a rainstorm, and it was noted that much of the first two feet of

masonry around the base of the building appeared saturated and

was supporting moss growth. This condition also existed at the top of

the wall beneath some areas of the stone coping. Similar saturation

of the masonry could be found at either side of the canopy over the

staff entrance. These conditions, if left unattended, could lead to

continued deterioration of the mortar and masonry, and have the

potential to become a source of mold. There are indications that

the canopy over the entrance at the corner of Belmont and Ellwood

retains water after storms.

accessible from Belmont Avenue. Library patrons seek out additional

parking in an adjacent lot. There are a total of 20 parking spaces

available. This limited number can be problematic at times.

Although the zoning ordinance would require a total of 28 spaces

for a building of Belmont’s size, the existing condition will be

“grandfathered” because there are no significant increases

proposed to the building’s floor area.

The pedestrian walkways around the building are in reasonable

condition, with some minor deterioration evident. The concrete

walk adjacent to the parking area has a damaged section.

Moderate ponding observed on the brick walkway after a rain

could contribute to future deterioration of that area. The parking

lots are in need of repair. Site lighting is not adequate to provide a

safe and inviting arrival sequence.

Architectural: Exterior

The building is masonry

construction typical of its

time, consisting of 8” wide

concrete block masonry with

4” wide clay brick veneer finish.

The exterior window system

consists of aluminum framing

with a single thickness of clear

glass, expressed either as punched windows or full-height storefront

glass. Located at the corner and along Ellwood Avenue, the storefront

D - 4

that would encourage library use; however, the height of the

existing ceilings will allow a great deal of flexibility and potential

for renovation options.

The public rest rooms do not conform to ADA standards. The staff

areas and program room used for story time and public meetings

are substandard in size and configuration. The relationship between

the circulation desk, program room, and staff area is dysfunctional.

Various aspects of this area will require modification to achieve

ADA compliance.

Furnishings

The existing circulation desk is an assemblage of pieces and parts

and is showing tremendous wear. Tables, chairs, and soft seating

are showing the signs of high use. All walls are maximized with

90” high shelving, without top canopies. Shelving is a combination

of steel and wood shelving; metal shelving is obsolete, due to the

manufacturer, Library Bureau/Inter Royal, no longer being

in business.

The collections are housed as follows:

• Shelving height, single-faced in adult is 90” high, metal

• Shelving height, single-faced in adult and young adult, wood, is 81.25” high

• Shelving height, single-faced in young adult, wood, is 29.75” high

• Shelving height, single-faced in youth, wood, is 29.75” high, 60.25” high, and 41.75” high

• Periodicals are on 41.5” high shelves in the center of the circulating area

There are three building entrances – the two

for the public mentioned previously, and one

dedicated to staff use. The public entrance

that faces Ellwood Avenue meets ADA access

standards. The public entrance that faces

the parking lot does not conform to ADA

standards because of insufficient clearances

adjacent to the door, inadequate wheel chair

turning radius inside the building, and a

nonconforming access ramp.

Architectural: Interior

The primary interior finishes in the building consist of painted concrete

block walls and carpeting throughout the staff and public areas. Rest

rooms have ceramic tile floors with a combination of painted block and

ceramic tiles for the wall finish. The building has two different ceiling

systems, reflecting the two different periods of construction. The original

building had a plaster ceiling; the remainder of the ceiling is an aged

acoustical ceiling tile with substandard acoustical properties. There

are concerns that the plaster ceiling might contain asbestos; tests will

be commissioned by the Owner to verify the ceiling’s composition. If

asbestos is found to be present, it will create an abatement concern

during construction if the ceiling is disturbed. In its current condition,

the ceiling does not present a health and safety issue for the

public or the staff.

Exposed light bulbs, poor lighting levels, and poor acoustical

performance detract from the ambiance of the public spaces.

In short, the existing interior of the building is not an environment

D - 5

modifications will be required. Based on the age of the building,

the design team believes that some level of further investigation

into the condition of ductwork below grade is warranted.

Code deficiencies that will need to be addressed include smoke

detection and shutdown for the air handling units, and verification

that proper air intake exists for the natural gas burning appliances.

Engineering: Electrical

The existing electrical infrastructure remains consistent with the

original components provided during construction. There have been

minor upgrades to address the addition of technology. Light fixtures

are original, but the prismatic lenses have been removed, exposing

the bulbs. In most cases only two of the originally-intended four

bulbs per fixture are currently installed. The lighting system would

not conform to current energy standards. In addition, the current

electrical infrastructure does not meet performance criteria expected

for modern library projects.

Two code items must be addressed. First, emergency lighting with

battery backup is needed to meet the City of Richmond’s required

emergency lighting level of one footcandle at the floor level along

the means of egress. Second, any electrical outlets within six feet of

a sink need to be GFI-type receptacles. In addition to the code items,

the existing electrical service was sized based on pre-technology

standards and will not meet the increased demand generated by

current and future library use.

Engineering: Plumbing

The building does not contain a fire suppression system and one

is not required by code at this time. The plumbing infrastructure is

original and corresponds to the time period in which each portion

of the building was completed. Rest rooms and drinking fountains

fail to conform to ADA standards, and adjustments in plumbing

infrastructure will need to be made. There are no known plumbing

code violations.

Engineering: Mechanical

Existing mechanical systems fall within various ranges of operational

efficiency. The original mechanical system design has changed

from a chilled water system for air conditioning. However, two air

handling units have been changed to direct expansion cooling and

no air conditioning was added to the third unit. There is currently

air conditioning provided for the building. The boiler system has

been recently updated and will accommodate the expected building

modifications. There is asbestos insulation around some of the

piping that will need to be abated if modifications to the piping

system are required, but it does not present a health risk if left in

its current configuration.

The air distribution system is a combination of ductwork located

below the concrete floor slab and enclosed within areas of the

ceiling. The existing air distribution system does not provide an

adequate number of air changes per hour based on current air

quality standards. Although this is typical of a building of this age,

D - 6


The exterior envelope of the

library consists of cavity wall

construction with 8” concrete

block back-up and split-faced

concrete block veneer.

The roof is a combination of

sloped surfaces with metal

standing seam roof material

and flat roof areas for the mechanical equipment. A band of

clerestory windows provides light into the heart of the building.

At the time of field observation, there were indications of water

penetration through the roof in selected areas with a tarp covering

a portion of the sloped metal roof. The wall construction is typical

for the age of the building and does have some energy efficiency

incorporated into its construction. The windows are a combination

of punched windows around the perimeter and units with floor to

ceiling glass at the corner facing Broad Rock Boulevard. The units are

aluminum frames with tinted insulated glass.

The building exterior is in

overall good condition, but

some masonry joint cracking

at exterior block column

surrounds and diagonally at

one corner of the building

suggests possible minor water

BROAD ROCK


Site

Broad Rock Branch Library is located at the corner of Warwick Road

and Broad Rock Boulevard near the Broad Rock Sports Complex.

This branch library services the largest geographic area of any

branch in the system, and is centrally located within its service area.

Parking for library patrons is handled by twenty-four parking spots

on library property, with eleven additional overflow parking spaces

off of the connector road. Current zoning ordinances would require

28 spaces to be provided. The building was opened for patron

use in December of 1976 and dedicated April 1977, and contains

approximately 7,390 square feet of building area. There have been

no additions or significant building modifications since it opened.

The site contains some open space that is located between the

building and Warwick Road. This area could offer the opportunity

for future expansion. There are currently two entrances into the

building, one from the parking lot and one that faces Warwick Road.

The site and building entrance lighting does not provide adequate

levels of site illumination. Sidewalks and landscaping are in fair

condition; however, some vertical supports remain from a bike

rack that was removed, creating a potential hazard for users.

D - 7

Furnishings

Shelving is a mixture of wood and metal and appears to be original

to the building. Steel shelving is manufactured by Montel/Aetnastak

and is a current, readily-available style. Lower shelves are being

utilized throughout the building. The teen area has lounge chairs

on casters with tablet arms for group seating. The lounge seating

in the youth area and periodical area is showing signs of wear.

The collections are housed as follows:

Wood

Periodicals 81 7⁄8" high, single-faced

Newspapers, Videos 42" high, single-faced

Books on Tape 60 ¼" high, single-faced

Holiday, J Reference 60 ¼" high, single-faced

Youth 41 ¾" 60 ¼" 82" high, single-faced

Metal

Youth 65 ¾" high, double-faced

Fiction/Non-fiction 90" high, double-faced


The existing rest rooms and drinking fountains do not comply with

current ADA standards and will require modifications. The building

does not contain a fire suppression system and one is not required at

this time. There are no known code violations that require correction

at this time.

issues at grade level. The rough and uneven texture of the exterior

masonry units creates maintenance issues with staining and with

different materials and surfaces abutting to it. There appears to be

an ongoing maintenance issue with sealant in some locations.


The building interior is in

relatively good condition.

The primary interior finishes

consist of painted concrete

masonry block, carpet, and

acoustical lay-in ceiling.

Along the main access corridor

that connects the two entrances,

the exterior split-face block material was incorporated around

structural columns and along accent walls. Public rest rooms

are not ADA compliant and will require substantial modifications.

The ceiling area surrounded by the clerestory window is gypsum

board with no acoustical properties. This space adds interest to

the building, but also contributes to an increase in the ambient

noise level. Lower ceiling heights, along with surface-mounted

light fixtures above the tall shelving, make the collection area of the

building feel slightly claustrophobic. The configuration of the existing

shelving does not meet current ADA standards because the aisle

space between ranges and the turning radius at the end of aisles is

not the proper width. This is an issue that will need to be addressed,

resulting in a loss of collections space. Lighting modifications will be

required to adequately service the new layout.

D - 8

with battery back-up is needed to meet the City of Richmond’s

required emergency lighting level of one footcandle at the floor level

along the means of egress. Finally, there are several electrical outlets

within 6’-0” of sinks and water coolers that are not the required

GFI- type receptacles required by the National Electrical Code.

EAST END


Site

The East End Branch Library was dedicated in November 1965 and is

located at the corner of R Street and North 25th Street. The building

is centrally-located within its geographical library service area,

and contains approximately 6,271 square feet of floor area on one

level. There are 20 parking spaces distributed throughout the L-shaped

parking lot. Access to the parking area is from both R Street and North

25th Street. Current zoning ordinance standards would suggest 24

parking spaces for a building of this size. The site is bound on the east

by a commercial structure that has its dumpster and receiving area

adjacent to the parking lot. Single-family homes lie to the north of the

building and additional commercial establishments are located across

R Street. The site is at maximum capacity and would not allow for the

expansion of the existing building.

The landscaping treatment around

the building is minimal and in

poor condition. The entrance that

faces R Street is not ADA compliant

and has been closed to public

use. The current main entrance is

from North 25th Street and is ADA


The mechanical system is an all-air system with air handlers located

in a mechanical space and three condensing units located on the

roof. The three condensing units vary in capacity and all appear to

be in good condition. The mechanical equipment is in fair condition.

All insulation that surrounds piping and ductwork is fiberglass and is

not a health and safety concern.

In order to conform to current codes, recommendations will be

provided for smoke detection and shutdown for the air handling

systems, as well as confirmation of proper draft at the draft hood

of all natural draft, natural gas burning appliances.


The electrical system appears to be consistent with construction

documents issued in 1975. The electrical panels and distribution

system are consistent with current library design expectations.

The lighting levels are even and adequate for the type of use;

however, the light fixtures themselves are not consistent with

current energy standards. There have been additional power poles

added into the central spaces to provide electrical service and

data connections to computers. The existing electrical service was

sized based on pre-technology requirements and will not meet the

increased demand generated by modern library needs.

Several modifications will be required to comply with current

electrical codes. Panel “A,” currently located below the mechanical

room stair, must be relocated to meet clearance requirements of

the National Electrical Code. Egress lighting and exit signs must be

evaluated for proper function and light output. Emergency lighting

D - 9

Windows are aluminum frames with a

single pane of glass and, while aged, are

generally in good repair. Observation

from both the exterior and interior

revealed some places where window

gaskets are deteriorating or missing,

and several places where the aluminum

frame has been reinforced with screwed

plates and/or angles. Some windows

show minor signs of condensation and/or

limited signs of moisture damage in the CMU surrounds, but none of

these issues appear structurally significant.


The interior of the space is very

pleasant, due in part to the high

ceilings. The interior finishes

consist of painted concrete block

walls and carpet. The exterior

walls in some locations (most

notably the existing program

room) show signs of significant water penetration, which is cause

for both immediate and long-term concern. The penetration

of water over an extended period of time can result in deterioration

in the wall and, more importantly, a potential black mold issue.

The building was tidy in public areas, yet finishes and surfaces

are well-worn and past their life expectancy.

compliant. The staff entrance is

located on the side facing parking

and is not ADA compliant.

The parking lot is in fair condition,

as are the sidewalks leading

to the building. There is some

deterioration in the cast stone

coping of the raised planter areas around the building.


The building exterior wall consists of 8” wide concrete block with

4” wide clay brick veneer exterior finish. It would be reasonable

to expect a minimal amount of insulation from construction of

this time period. Typical of its era, the wall construction would be

considered lacking in energy performance by today’s standards.

The coping of the building and vertical accents distributed around

the perimeter is precast concrete panel with exposed aggregate.

It is in fair condition, although sealant between the panels has

deteriorated. There are some indications that water has overflowed

the precast fascia in selected areas, which may indicate some concern

about roof drainage.

The roof is considered a “flat” system supported by structural steel

frame, metal joists, and metal decking. Roof access has been removed

from the building and no visual inspection of the condition of roof

membrane was made. There is rooftop equipment located on the roof.

There are internal roof drains, and indications of roof leaks over an

extended period of time, which can eventually lead to deterioration of

the structural integrity of the metal deck.

D - 10


With the exception of the hot water tank, the equipment associated

with the plumbing all appears to be original and in poor condition.

The building has a domestic hot water recirculation pump, which

appears to be in poor condition. The gas meter is located on the

exterior of the building adjacent to the parking lot and has no

bollards for protection from vehicles in the lot, which presents a

health and safety issue that should be addressed. The insulation

surrounding the piping does not appear to contain asbestos,

but is in poor condition. There are no known code issues that

need to be addressed.


All mechanical equipment in the building appears to be original,

in poor condition, and beyond its reasonable life expectancy. The

mechanical system consists of supply air provided through ductwork

in the ceiling and return air ductwork located beneath the floor slab.

Further investigation of the condition of the below-slab ductwork is

worth consideration. The building is air conditioned, but there are

heating and cooling problems associated with the meeting room.

The cause of this problem has not been determined.

In order to meet current codes, recommendations will be provided

for smoke detection and shutdown for the air handling systems, as

well as confirmation of proper draft at the draft hood of all natural

draft, natural gas burning appliances.

The ceiling is 2’ x 2’ acoustical tile throughout, with noticeable

dust/dirt staining around the mechanical diffusers. Lighting is

surface-mounted 2’ x 4’, and was adequate to supplement the

daylighting coming in from windows during the day; however,

lighting is likely not sufficient in the evening hours. From the

outside, it was observed that a previous ceiling and old fixtures

were left above the dropped ceiling of the corridor adjacent to

the program room. The fixtures may need to be removed from the

cavity in order to comply with current code.

While the public spaces are generally bright and well-maintained,

the staff spaces show some additional signs of wear. Ceilings display

more signs of dirt and damage than those in the public spaces,

and some of the ceiling tiles are missing completely. Whereas paint

finishes in the public areas appear fairly new, some of the paint in the

staff areas is damaged, chipped, or peeling. Public rest rooms are not

ADA compliant.

Furnishings

Furnishings include lavender end panels, with light blue end panels

in some areas. The existing tables, chairs, and soft seating are

showing signs of high use. All walls are maximized with 90” high

shelving, without top canopies. Steel shelving in many areas shows

signs of water damage with rust and corrosion on shelving units.

Shelving is manufactured by Estey (Tennsco). Shelving in youth area

is single-faced along the outside wall. In areas other than preschool,

it is 90” high. Top shelves in youth area are empty. There are no

top canopies for use of display, which makes the shelving look

unfinished. Steel canopies exist on the shortest shelving units and

under the windows.

D - 11

GINTER PARK


Site

Ginter Park Branch Library, dedicated in May 1964, is located

at the corner of Westbrook Avenue and Brook Road. The parcel

abuts Henrico County to the north. The property adjoining

the library along the perimeter of the parking areas is vacant,

with the exception of the remains of the parking lot associated

with a previous development. The building is located at a distance

from Brook Road, which permits ample space for a few mature

trees and grassy foreground. The property does appear to have

space available for some type of future expansion. There are

currently 22 parking spaces provided on site; the zoning

ordinance would suggest 25 parking spaces should be provided.

The existing parking lot is accessible from both Brook Road and

Westbrook Avenue.

This branch is unique in that it is located

at the very edge of its library service area

and that a portion of the building is not

currently in use. The building was initially

designed to house a bookmobile.

RPL’s bookmobile is no longer in service,

and there are no plans to reinstate the

service. As a result, the portion of the

building designed as a garage and

bookmobile support space has potential


The electrical layout is largely unchanged from the original 1964

plans and construction. The distribution system is broken into two

panels for distribution to the mechanical, lighting, and plug loads.

There have been new electrical outlets added to provide power to

computers that have been added over time.

Lighting in the building is original and is lamped with T4 bulbs. The

overall lighting plan would produce an acceptable level of lighting,

but the fixtures generate an audible hum and there were multiple

bulbs missing from a number of fixtures. The existing electrical

service was sized based on pre-technology requirements and will not

meet the increased demand generated by modern library needs.


electrical codes. Egress lighting and exit signs must be evaluated

for proper function and light output. Emergency lighting with

battery back-up is needed to meet the City of Richmond’s required


the means of egress. Finally, there are several electrical outlets within

6’-0” of sinks and water coolers that are not the required GFI- type

receptacles as specified by the National Electrical Code.

D - 12

There are several large areas of

glass window wall constructed of

aluminum frames and non-insulated

glass. The sections of glass are

large and the framing sections are

small in profile, suggesting this

was a state-of-the-art system when

it was new. During a morning visit, the area around the window was

noticeably chilly due to drafts around the window and lack of thermal

performance. Despite their performance deficiencies, the windows

provide needed daylighting and views, and help to make the reading

room a welcoming place.


The primary finishes inside the

building consist of painted concrete

block, carpet, and exposed wood

decking in the primary public

space. The staff areas and meeting

room consist of a similar palette.

The garage area contains the

glue laminated structure with wood decking.

for repurposing. Associated with this space is a truck well and garage

doors on the building exterior. The total building area is 6,515 square

feet, but in its current condition approximately 1,000 square feet is

unusable for library space.

The site has been well-maintained and features some mature

trees. The sidewalks are in reasonable condition. Site lighting

for appearance and user safety should be given consideration.


The building is constructed of

8” wide concrete masonry block

with a 4” wide exterior clay

brick veneer. Given the time

period, it would be reasonable

to expect a minimal amount of

insulation in the exterior wall.

This construction was typical of its era, but would be considered

inadequate by today’s energy standards. The building is organized

in a “T” configuration, and has a pitched roof with asphalt shingles,

which appear to be in good condition. The main public space is

framed with glued laminated wood columns and exposed wood

decking; this expression is also seen within the bookmobile garage.

D - 13

support areas. In the public service areas the supply air is distributed

through the ceiling drop that runs through the center of the space,

and return air is distributed through floor registers and under the

floor ductwork. The bookmobile garage does not have heat or air

conditioning. The meeting room is heated by a gas-fired unit heater

that is located in the garage and connected through ductwork.

The air distribution system for the building does not meet current

standards for outside ventilation air as outlined in ASHRAE standards.

The existing boiler is thirty years old and has exceeded its

life expectancy.

Two modifications will be required in order to conform to current

codes. Recommendations will be provided for smoke detection

and shutdown for the air handling systems. There is the need for

confirmation of proper draft at the draft hood of all natural draft,

natural gas-burning appliances.


The electrical system and lighting plans appear to be consistent

with the original plans dated May 1963. There are some concerns

about the overall integrity of the electrical system, and this warrants

additional investigation as the renovation project proceeds.

The existing electrical service was sized based on pre-technology

requirements and will not meet the increased demand generated

by modern library needs.

Furnishings

In several places throughout the library, windows are blocked by

shelving that has been placed in front. Shelving in the youth area

is single-faced along the outside wall, and in areas other than

preschool, is 90” high. There are no top canopies displays in use,

which makes the shelving look unfinished. Steel canopies exist on

the shortest shelving units and under the windows. Lounge seating,

tables, and chairs show the effects of high use. The metal shelving,

manufactured by Estey/Tennsco, is obsolete.


The building does not have a fire protection system on the main floor

or the mechanical basement below the staff areas. There is concern

that fire protection in the basement might be required for code

compliance. If fire protection is required, the water service to the

building is inadequate and would need to be upgraded.

The rest rooms and drinking fountains are not ADA compliant

and require modification. The domestic water piping located

in the basement appears to be wrapped in asbestos piping

insulation. (This was noted at the time of this writing but is

scheduled to be abated).


The building is heated and cooled through an all-air system using

multi-zone air handling units located in the basement. The supply

and return air is handled through the ceiling spaces in the staff and

D - 14

Site lighting is a combination of

wall-mounted light fixtures and

ambient lighting from street

lighting. The planter spaces

for street trees are all empty

and filled with dirt and mulch.

The brick paving in limited areas

of the front plaza and along the sidewalk is in poor condition and

some edge restraints are missing, creating a disheveled appearance.


The building exterior is cavity wall construction consisting of

8” wide concrete masonry block with 4” wide brick veneer and

rigid insulation. This is typical construction for the time period,

and the energy envelope is more consistent with current energy

design standards than many of the other branches. The roof

is considered a flat roof and contains no rooftop mechanical

equipment. There are two small roof areas along East 14th Street

that contain sloped, translucent insulated fiberglass panels which

bring natural light into the space. These panels have yellowed over

the years and are in need of replacement. The window system at

the entrance is aluminum framing with tinted insulated glass and is

more consistent with current energy criteria than glazing at other

branches. The coping of the building, accent banding, and detailing

around the front entrance is precast stone.

There appeared to be pieces of cast

stone facing panel near the parapet

in danger of falling. Other pieces may

become cause for concern as the

sealant continues to fail and they push








receptacles required by the National Electrical Code.

HULL STREET

Service population: 14,119

Site

The Hull Street Branch Library is

the newest of the existing library

branches, and was dedicated

in January 1987. This branch

is located at the corner of Hull

Street and East 14th Street and

fits within the scale and context

of the Hull Street streetscape. The building is a single-story structure

and is approximately 6,620 square feet. The single entrance to the

building is through a plaza area situated on the corner. Commercial

buildings are sited adjacent to the library and across both Hull and

East 14th Streets. There are eight parking spaces located adjacent to

the library that are designated for library use and have access from

the alley. Parking also can be found on both sides of 14th Street.

The zoning ordinance would require 26 parking spaces.

D - 15

There are areas in the exterior wall visible from the interior that

appear to have cracked in the mortar joints. These areas are

confined mostly to the space around the sloped translucent

panel. There are also signs of minor rust in the steel framing

and roof deck that surrounds the sloped panels. This should

be looked at in more detail.

The size of the existing public rest rooms is adequate to meet

current ADA standards with modifications to interior partitions

and accessories only.

The overall organization of the interior is relatively efficient from

a library service perspective, although there are some areas of

the building that create a supervision problem. The overall feel

of the interior space lacks the ambiance which helps to encourage

patron use.

Furnishings

All walls are maximized with 90” high shelving, without top

canopies. Shelving in the browsing/adult area is not ADA compliant.

Niches are formed by one 36” wide stack on the wall, with stacks

perpendicular. A great deal of shelving is empty in this area.

Shelving in the youth area is single-faced along the outside wall,

and in areas other than preschool, is 90” high. Top shelves in the

youth area are empty. There are no top canopies for display use,

which makes the shelving look unfinished. Steel canopies do

not exist on the shortest shelving units and under the windows.

The shelving manufacturer is Montel Aetnastak.

farther out of plumb with the rest of the wall. Small deposits

of sealant/cement materials on the ground in the entrance area

suggest that deterioration of the precast detailing is ongoing.

Water has been allowed to run down the face of the brick

veneer in the wall areas below the sloped translucent roof

panels. This condition has lead to saturation and staining of

the brick along with deterioration of the mortar joints. It was also

noted that a piece of the metal coping was missing near the front

of the building. This will need to be addressed because the metal

coping protects the top of the wall from moisture infiltration.


The building interior consists

of painted concrete block,

carpeting, and exposed metal

structure. The interior is unique

among the branches in that the

finished ceiling treatment is

exposed painted metal structure

and metal deck. Lighting for the space is handled from a series of

round indirect light fixtures that illuminate the space by bouncing

light off the structure and down to the floor. The lighting levels

generated by this approach leave the interior of the building feeling

lifeless and in need of a “spark.” Staff areas and the meeting room

have acoustical ceiling tile and recessed fluorescent light fixtures.

D - 16

service areas is supplied by round indirect-type fixtures. The lighting

is very inefficient, given the height of the ceiling. This light creates

an environment that is dim and uncomfortable for reading and

computer usage.

Additional electrical power outlets have been provided to support

the computer stations. The existing electrical service was sized based

on pre-technology requirements and will not meet the increased

demand generated by modern library needs.









NORTH AVENUE


Site

North Avenue Branch Library, at the corner of North Avenue and

East Essex Street, is located along one of the city’s major bus routes.

The single-story library was dedicated in July 1983 and is similar

in character to the West End Branch, although slightly smaller in

length. The floor area for the building is 6,543 square feet. There

are 26 parking spaces provided in a single parking lot north of the

building. This is consistent with current zoning ordinance parking


The building does not have a fire protection system, and a

system would not be required by current construction standards.

Toilet fixtures and drinking fountains will need to be updated to be

ADA compliant.

The gas meter is located on the back of the building and is not

protected by bollards from damage due to a passing vehicle.

Consideration should be given to correcting this condition.


Heating and air conditioning are provided through an air distribution

system. The public spaces have exposed spiral round duct that has

been painted. Paint on the ductwork is flaking and needs to be

repainted. The staff areas and meeting room have ductwork located

above the ceiling. The primary piece of air handling equipment is

located in an outdoor mechanical yard adjacent to the building.

The insulation around the ductwork needs updating, and the

return air duct had standing water on top of it and is showing

signs of rusting.

There is PVC in the return air plenum of the meeting room. To ensure

code compliance, it is recommended that all return air plenum areas

be checked for combustibles and that non-plenum rated materials be

removed or separated from the plenum.


The installed lighting in the public areas differs greatly from that

shown on the construction documents, while the electrical power

plans are consistent with 1985 drawings. Lighting in the main public

D - 17

Architecture: Exterior

The exterior wall is cavity wall

construction consisting of 8” wide

concrete block masonry units with 4”

wide clay brick veneer. This is typical

construction for the time period, but

may not be consistent with today’s

energy-conscious construction

practices. The single-story building has sloped roofs organized

around a central spine defined by a flat roof. Within the flat roof

area is the rooftop mechanical equipment. The massing of the

sloped roofs provides an opportunity for clerestory windows to

bring natural light into the children’s area and the adult seating area.

The sloped roofs and fascias are wrapped in a bronze-colored standing

seam metal roof. This is a very durable roofing system and appeared

to be in good condition overall, with a few areas of the fascia in need

of trim repair. Soffits at the metal roof are either concrete plaster or an

EFS system.

The walls on either side of each

sloped roof area extend above the

roof. These walls are then capped

with a coping that consists of brick

units positioned on their edges.

Over time, mortar joints between

the brick have started to open

requirements. Lighting in the parking lot has 6 cut-off

style pole-mounted fixtures that provide an average of 2 to 3

footcandles of lighting. There are wall-mounted light fixtures, but

they were not functioning properly, leaving dark areas on the north

side of the building.

The library has a front door that faces North Avenue. The scale

and texture of the building is consistent with adjacent commercial

structures along the street. Directly behind the library is a

single-family residential area, separated by an alley. A second

entrance is located on the north side and is accessible to the

parking lot. The site is at capacity, leaving only smallish areas

for landscaping and plant materials, including raised planters.

Sidewalks surrounding the

building and leading to the

entrances are in fairly good

shape. The sidewalk located

along North Avenue has a

series of “tree grate”-type

spaces which were devoid of

vegetation. There are several brick raised planting areas near the

North Avenue entrance and these are showing signs of deterioration,

but the plant materials in some were mature and in good condition.

D - 18

of the design team that a detailed air quality assessment

be conducted by an independent testing agency.

The building generates a high level of user traffic and, as a result,

the finishes – and in particular the carpeting – are past their useful

life. The rest rooms are not compliant with current ADA standards

and will need to be modified.

There are a limited number of windows that offer a view to the

exterior. The perimeter of the building does have a small band

of glass that allows a minimal amount of natural light. The area

currently dedicated to the computers has the largest area of “view”

windows in the entire library, but the proximity to the glass creates

reflection problems for the computer users.

Furnishings

The library is furnished with a combination of 66” and 90” high

shelving. All walls are maximized with 90” high shelving, without top

canopies. In the youth area the bottom and top shelves of the units

are not currently being used for collection storage. Lounge seating,

tables, and chairs show signs of heavy use and need to be updated.

The shelving manufacturer is Montel Aetnastak. Shelving in the

youth area is single-faced along the outside wall, and in areas other

than preschool, is 90” high. Top shelves in the youth area are empty.

There are no top canopies for display use, which makes the shelving

look unfinished. Steel canopies do not exist on the shortest shelving

units and under the windows.

up and or deteriorate, and have allowed moisture to penetrate the

wall and enter the building. This is a situation that will need to be

corrected to preclude long-term damage to the wall and to minimize

the development of black mold.

Architecture: Interior

The interior finishes primarily consist of painted concrete block

and carpeting throughout the building. In staff areas, the program

room, and the entrance corridor, the ceilings are acoustical tile with

a combination of 2’ x 2’ and 2’ x 4’ fluorescent fixtures with a metal

baffles. In the entrances and surrounding the circulation desk,

the combination of the ceiling height, the type of lighting fixtures,

and the condition of the ceiling tile creates a less than appealing

environment. In the remainder of the public spaces the ceilings are

exposed wood laminated beams and wood decking. Lighting is

supplied by fluorescent light fixtures running perpendicular to the

shelving. The exposed wood structure creates an interesting interior

space, but the lighting levels are low, despite the supplemental

daylight from the clerestory windows.

There are areas of perimeter wall

that appear to have significant

water penetration issues due to

the water infiltration problems

described in the comments

above. It is the recommendation

D - 19

down lighting component with a slight indirect component. Due

to the nature of the wood ceilings, there is very little light bouncing

off the ceiling. In areas of the building where there is an acoustical

ceiling, the fixtures are recessed fluorescent in either a 2’ x 2’ or 2’ x 4’

configuration. The light fixtures have deep cell parabolic lenses,

which were intended to reduce glare on computer screens by

reducing the ceiling brightness, but which leave the ceiling feeling

dark. The lighting consists of T12 type fixtures that emit an audible

hum throughout the building. Light fixtures throughout the building

are lacking relative to our current energy performance expectations.

In order to meet technology needs, additional receptacles and

circuits were added by using power poles and a wire-mold system.


requirements and will not meet the increased demand generated

by modern library needs.

Several modifications will be required to comply with current electrical

codes. Egress lighting and exit signs must be evaluated for proper

function and light output. Emergency lighting with battery back-up is

needed to meet the City of Richmond’s required emergency lighting

level of one footcandle at the floor level along the means of egress.

Finally, there are several electrical outlets within 6’-0” of sinks and

water coolers that are not the required GFI- type receptacles required

by the National Electrical Code.


The existing building does not have a fire protection system, which

is still acceptable under current life safety codes. There is a single

sprinkler head located in the attic catwalk above the rest rooms.

The drinking fountains and rest room fixtures are not ADA compliant.

There are no known existing conditions that require correction based

on current codes.


The library has an all-air system that provides both heating and air

conditioning. The rooftop unit is located in the center of the building.

In the areas where there are acoustical ceilings, ductwork is located

above the ceiling. In the public areas where there is exposed wood

structure, the ductwork is painted spiral duct. The mechanical

equipment appears to be in reasonably good condition, but should

be examined to confirm proper operations.



systems, as well as confirmation of proper draft at the draft hood of

all natural draft, natural gas-burning appliances.


The existing electrical plans dated 1982 appear to be consistent with

the actual building construction. The lighting system in the portions

of the building with an exposed wood ceiling and structure is an

8” wide linear fluorescent fixture located approximately 8’ on centers

running perpendicular to the shelving. The fixtures have a primary

D - 20

as an excellent screening device. Areas adjacent to curbing around

the parking lot have settled, forming a place for water to collect and

creating a tripping hazard.

There is no enclosure provided for trash and recyclables.


The exterior wall is cavity

wall construction consisting

of 8” wide concrete block

masonry units with 4” wide

clay brick veneer. This is typical

construction for the time period,

but may not be consistent with

today’s energy-conscious construction practices. The single-story

building has sloped roofs organized around a central spine defined

by a flat roof. Within the flat roof area is the rooftop mechanical

equipment. The massing of the sloped roofs provides an opportunity

for clerestory windows to bring natural light into the children’s area

and the adult seating area.

The sloped roofs and fascias are wrapped in a bronze-colored

standing seam metal roof. This is a very durable roofing system,

which appeared to be in good condition.

The walls on either side of each sloped roof area extend above the

roof. This wall is then capped with a coping that consists of brick

units positioned on their edges. Over time, mortar joints between the

brick have started to open up and or deteriorate, and have allowed

moisture to penetrate the wall and enter the building. There were

WEST END


Site

The West End Branch Library is located on Patterson Avenue near

Libbie Avenue. Opened in the later part of 1978, this building design

became the model for the North Avenue Branch. The single-story

building contains approximately 7,500 square feet of floor area.

The building is sited parallel to Patterson Avenue. Patterson Avenue

is a boulevard with a narrow concrete median dividing the

ongoing traffic, which makes a left-hand turn into the site a

concern. A residential property and a residential-style building

that houses a commercial building are located adjacent to the

library. A commercial business is located behind the library.

There are two entry drives located at opposite ends of the site.

The parking lot, which is in good condition, provides forty-three

parking spaces. The forty-three spaces are in excess of the

twenty-five required by current zoning ordinance. Parking lot

lighting consists of 2 tall poles in the rear parking area and 2 shorter

poles illuminating the entrance drives. The shorter poles are in poor

condition.

Landscaping on the south and

the sides of the building appears

to have been recently planted

and is in relatively good

condition. An evergreen hedge

delineates the sides and rear

of parking area and functions

D - 21

The building generates a high level of user traffic and, as a result,

the finishes – and in particular the carpeting – are past their useful

life. The rest rooms are not compliant with current ADA standards

and will need to be addressed.

There are a limited number of windows that offer a view to the

exterior. The perimeter of the building does have a small band

of glass that allows a minimal amount of natural light.

Furnishings

All walls are maximized with 90” high shelving, without top canopies.

Shelving in the youth area is single-faced along the outside wall and

is a combination of 60” and 90” high. Top shelves in the youth area

are empty. Lounge seating, tables, and chairs show sign of high use

and need updating. There are no top canopies for display use, which

makes the shelving look unfinished. Steel canopies do not exist on

the shortest shelving units and under the windows. The shelving

manufacturer is Montel Aetnastak.


The existing building does not have a fire protection system,

which is allowable under current life safety codes. There is a single

sprinkler head located in the attic catwalk located above the rest

rooms. The drinking fountains and rest room fixtures are not ADA

compliant. There are no known existing conditions that require

correction based on current codes.

portions of the exterior wall

that appear extremely saturated

with water. This is a situation

that will need to be corrected

to preclude long term damage

to the wall and to minimize the

development of black mold.


The interior finishes consist of primarily painted concrete block

and carpeting throughout the building. In staff areas, the program

room, and the entrance corridor, the ceilings are acoustical tile with

a combination of 2’ x 2’ and 2’ x 4’ fluorescent fixtures with a metal

baffles. In the remainder of the public spaces the ceilings are exposed

wood laminated beams with exposed wood decking. Lighting

is supplied by fluorescent light fixtures running perpendicular to

the shelving. The exposed wood structure creates an interesting

interior space, but the lighting levels are low, despite the daylighting

contribution of the clerestory windows.

There are areas of perimeter wall

that appear to have significant

water penetration due to the

envelope issues described earlier.

Staff working in the building

indicated a high level of allergic

reactions, presumably due to poor

indoor air quality. It is the recommendation of the design team that

a detailed air quality assessment be conducted by an independent

testing agency.

D - 22

In order to provide for technology needs, additional receptacles and

circuits were added by using power poles and a wire-mold system.


requirements and will not meet the increased demand generated by

modern library needs.


electrical codes. Egress lighting and exit signs must be evaluated for

proper function and light output. Battery back-up ballasts must be

provided where required to meet the City of Richmond code, which

requires a minimum of one footcandle at the floor level along the

means of egress. Finally, there are several electrical outlets within


receptacles as outlined by the National Electrical Code.

WESTOVER HILLS


Site

The Westover Hills Branch Library is located on Westover Hills

Boulevard at the corner of Devonshire Road, approximately one

block north of Forest Hill Avenue. Between the library and Forest

Hill Avenue is a commercial property. Residential areas surround

the library to the west and north on both sides of Westover Hills

Boulevard. The library faces Westover Hills Boulevard with parking

located behind the building. Access to the parking lot is from both

Devonshire Road and Westover Hills Boulevard. Dedicated in July

1959, this facility replaced the Forest Hill Branch in the Old Stone

House in Forest Hill Park, and is the second oldest branch in the

system. The building contains 5,407 square feet on a single floor,

and is the smallest of all the branches. One of the unique


The library has an all-air system that provides both heating and air

conditioning. The rooftop unit is located in the center of the building.

In the areas where there are acoustical ceilings, ductwork is located

above the ceiling. In the public areas where there is exposed wood

structure, the ductwork is painted spiral ductwork. The mechanical

equipment appears to be in reasonably good condition, but should

be examined to confirm proper operations.



systems, as well as confirmation of proper draft at the draft hood of

all natural draft, natural gas burning appliances.


The existing electrical plans appear to be consistent with the actual

building construction. The lighting system in portions of the building

that have an exposed wood ceiling and structure is a 8” wide linear

fluorescent fixture located approximately 8’ on centers running

perpendicular to the shelving. The fixtures have a primary down

lighting component with a slight indirect component.

Due to the nature of the wood ceilings, there is very little light

bouncing off the ceiling. In areas of the building where there is an

acoustical ceiling, the fixtures are recessed fluorescent in either a

2’ x 2’ or 2’ x 4’ configuration. The light fixtures have deep

cell parabolic lenses which were intended to reduce glare on

computer screens by reducing the ceiling brightness, but which

leave the ceiling feeling dark. The lighting consists of T12 type

fixtures that emit an audible hum throughout the building.

Light fixtures throughout the building do not meet our current

energy performance expectations.

D - 23


The exterior wall is cavity wall construction consisting of 8” wide

concrete block masonry units and 4” clay brick veneer. This is

typical construction for the time period and most likely indicates an

envelope with no perimeter insulation. The single-story building has

sloped roofs that are supported on glue laminated structure with

wood decking. The roofing material is asphalt shingles and appears

to be at the end of its life expectancy. The roof leaders, which were

formerly all piped below grade, have become clogged with leaves

and debris and in many cases have been re-routed to spill onto

grade, creating a wet condition around the building foundation.

The exterior window system

is aluminum frame with non-

insulated glass and little thermal

insulating value. Exterior soffits

are painted wood, and are

showing signs of deterioration.

Movement of the structure has

opened the sealant joints around some of the windows far enough

to produce a path for drafts and potential moisture infiltration.

Light from the exterior is visible through the cracks in the sealant.

In locations near the entrance and below the windows, ceramic tile

was installed as ornamentation. This detail is deteriorating. Some of

these areas of tile have been replaced in the past. There have been

modifications to the parking lot entrance in order to create an ADA

compliant entrance. The building exterior is dirty and could benefit

from cleaning.

characteristics of this building, particularly for the time period

in which it was constructed, was the incorporation of a drive-up

book return.

The parking lot contains 19 parking spaces, and is organized

around the concept that a car lane was needed near the building

to accommodate the drive-up book return. The recommended

parking count based on the zoning is 21 cars. Lighting for the site

is an assortment of wall-mounted lights on the west side of the

building. They are mounted very low and create a glare that is

disturbing to the eye when in service. The overall lighting for the site

is not sensitive to the neighborhood; light pollution spills off the site.

Preliminary light level readings indicate that light levels range

from too little to too much. This might be due to some fixtures

not being operational.

Landscaping consists of aged

foundation plantings in poor

condition. There are areas where

is it apparent that plant material

is missing. There are two large

willow trees located on the

site - one is in very close

proximity to the building exterior, which is of concern. There is

a portion of the building exterior wall that has shown signs of

movement and cracking, possibly as a result of the root system of

this tree impacting the building foundation. The site contains a

combination of mature shrubs and wood fencing that provides some

separation between the site and adjacent properties. The lawn areas

are in poor condition with a minimal amount of turf present.

D - 24

The staff areas in this building are very crowded and dysfunctional.

There is no space for privacy for the manager and a general lack of

storage and staff work area. Finishes in this area are painted concrete

block and carpeting that is long past its prime.

Furnishings

Furniture appears to be original 1959 vintage with minor changes

to youth seating. The circulation desk is oversized and shows

signs of heavy use, as does lounge seating, tables, and chairs.

Shelving is not ADA compliant in its current floor plan configuration.

The manager does not have a private office space. Top shelves

are not utilized in the adult areas. Lounge seating areas, tables,

and chairs do not optimize traffic flow and views. The staff area

is congested and furniture is a collection of different styles and

types. Metal shelving, manufactured by Estey/Tennsco, is obsolete.

Shelving heights are a mixture of 59.75”, 81.5”, and 89.625”.


The existing building does not contain a fire protection system,

which is consistent with current code expectations. There is a

gas meter and regulator located directly below the outside air/

combustion intake, which presents a potential health safety issue

and is a code violation. This vent should be located a minimum of

two feet from such an intake. Bollards should be installed around the

gas meter to protect it from being struck by a vehicle. The existing

hot water tank will need to be replaced in the near future.


Seeing the interior of this

building is like walking back in

time to 1959; there is very little

that appears to have changed.

The cathedral ceiling defined

by the arched wood structure

and wood decking creates a

very pleasant environment. The main reading room is located in this

space and the ceiling is a hybrid solution of exposed wood decking

and a central spine of 12” x 12” adhered acoustic tile. The acoustical

tile spine runs the length of

space and conceals mechanical

ductwork. Lighting at the wood

ceiling is comprised of 1” x 4”

surface-mounted fixtures

with waffle grid diffusers.

At the 12” x 12” acoustic ceiling

area, 1’ x 4’s are recessed at the

edges in two continuous lines from wall-to-wall. Lighting appears

sufficient when supplemented with daylight, but might seem lacking

in evening hours or dark days. Walls are primarily painted concrete

block, with the exception of a gypsum board wall that encloses the

programming room. Acoustically, the space is alive because of the

hard surfaces located at both the ceiling and wall planes. Carpeting is

the floor material throughout, with the exception of the rest rooms,

which were recently remodeled and are ADA compliant.

D - 25


There were no existing electrical drawings available for review for

the field investigation. The electrical system appears to be a 120/240

volt, 300 amp, three-phase, four-wire system. Electrical distribution

is handled by a larger panel board for mechanical equipment and a

smaller panel board for plug loads and lighting. Recent work adding

receptacles for computers has used all spare capacity at the electrical

panels. The new computers are being fed from a series of surge

protected extension cords. This practice is not consistent with

current electrical codes.

Lighting is provided by linear fluorescent T12 fixtures surface

mounted to sloped wood ceilings. The system provides a relatively

even level of light distribution. There are recessed downlights

located near the south entrance that are in poor condition.

Fixtures appear to be from the original installation and are

not consistent with current energy practices.


electrical codes. Egress lighting and exit signs must be evaluated for

proper function and light output. Battery back-up ballasts must be

provided where required to meet the City of Richmond code, which

requires a minimum of one footcandle at the floor level along the

means of egress. Finally, there are several electrical outlets within




The air distribution system for the building is a combination of

overhead supply air ducts located along the center of building in an

enclosed ceiling drop. The return air ductwork is located in the floor,

with return air grilles located either at the floor or incorporated into

millwork below the window sills. The existing underfloor ductwork

should be cleaned and its location verified prior to construction.

Air handling equipment appears to be relatively new and is in good

condition. The cooling tower, chilled water pump, and piping to

support the air handler appear to have been recently replaced

and are in good condition.

The existing boiler is the original equipment installed in 1959 and has

exceeded its life expectancy. This piece of equipment is in very poor

condition; replacement is recommended. The hot water tank and the

boiler currently share a common flue, which is badly rusted and in

need of replacement. The recommendation is to replace the flue

from the equipment through the roof penetration.

There are various locations within the building where insulation is

not provided on the piping. For energy conservation, these pipes

should be insulated.



systems, as well as confirmation of proper draft at the draft hood

of all natural draft, natural gas burning appliances.

E. NEEDS ASSESSMENT

E - 1

INTRODUCTION

The Richmond Public Library provides service delivery through a

variety of methods: the Main Library, eight branch libraries, outreach

services, and Web-based digital resources. The primary focus of

the study is on the library’s branch services. The Needs Assessment

provides comments and evidence-based recommendations on current

and projected library facility requirements from several perspectives.

It is this study’s findings that the service distribution defined by

the existing branch system is organically attuned to Richmond’s

neighborhoods. Over the years the establishment of neighborhood-

based branch locations has created ready access to library service.

The neighborhoods have, in turn, developed a strong brand

attachment to their branches. These established, branded patterns of

use are a tremendous strength that should be leveraged. It is worth

noting that draft public library standards under development by the

Library of Virginia call for a level of accessibility that Richmond Public

Library’s branch libraries currently offer.

The branches are, however, too small to fully carry-out their mission

and should be increased from the existing 53,249 square feet to

85,094 square feet. The branches should be configured in three sizes:

13,000 square feet, 10,000 square feet, and 8,000 square feet, reflecting

a matrix of four variables. Three service models should be applied

in the planning of the branches, those of a Borrower’s Library, an

Information Library, and a Balanced Library.

The study compiles a great deal of information and covers many

issues. The following summary outline provides the reader with a

quick view of the report’s scope and organization.

Library Profile

A brief overview of the library’s organization, operations, and

recent service trend data.

Benchmark Data

Data representing 11 libraries that provide points of comparison

for Richmond Public Library.

Space Needs Assessment

The community’s library space requirements through

the year 2031.

Service Delivery Methods

How best to deliver the library’s collections and services

to its customers.

Recommended Branch Space and Service Models

The recommended size and service model for each branch.

Planning for Change

Areas of emphasis and best practices for use in the detailed

planning of the branch improvements.

Draft Library of Virginia Standards

A reconciliation of this study’s recommendations

with the draft standards.

E. NEEDS ASSESSMENT

E - 2

Library Board of Trustees

Mr. Gregory A. Forman, Chair

Mrs. Clare Osdene Schapiro, Vice Chair

Mr. Peter Blake

Mrs. Elizabeth S. Bolin

Mr. Shennen L. Dean

Mrs. Brenda Drew, Ed. D

Mr. Benjamin J. Lambert, IV

Mrs. Kathryn J. Monday

Mr. John E. Ulmschneider

The insights and recommendations are a beginning, a road map to

the future. Implementation of these recommendations will require

further planning by architectural, library planning, and interior

design professionals.

LIBRARY PROFILE

The Richmond Public Library is a municipal public library serving a

community of 200,123 residents (2007 Census estimate). The Library

is governed by a nine member Library Board of Trustees. The Friends

of the Richmond Public Library and the Richmond Public Library

Foundation encourage and support library activities.

The Richmond Public Library Board was authorized by ordinance on

July 5, 1923, and on October 13, 1924, the Library formally opened in

the former home of the late Major Lewis Ginter, at 901 West Franklin

Street. The Dooley Library at First and Franklin Streets opened as the

new Main Library on July 19, 1930. The Main Library was significantly

expanded in 1972 and renovated in 2004.

The first branch library opened in 1925 as the Phyllis Wheatley

Branch at the YWCA of 515 North 7th Street to serve African

Americans. Other branches and a bookmobile provided service over

the years. There are currently eight branches. The oldest of the eight,

the Belmont Branch, began service in 1956. The newest, the

Hull Street Branch, began service in 1987.

Inform, Enrich, EmpowerMission Statement

The mission of the Richmond Public Library is to inform, enrich,

and empower Richmond’s residents: to enrich lives and expand

opportunities for all citizens by promoting reading and the

active use of cultural, intellectual, and information resources

through a dedication to excellence and professional service.

E - 3

The Richmond Public Library provides a number of services directed

to special populations and interests:

• Computer instruction classes for all ages.

• Legal research classes for non-lawyers.

• Children’s programming of every description for all ages.

• Art and music programs.

• Adult book discussion groups and a guest author series.

• Cooperative programs with many community agencies and organizations focusing on literacy, parenting, economic development, health, and a host of other issues.

• Unique collections of reading materials targeted to the interests of teens.

• Homework Help programs.

• Family Resource Collections at all locations.

• Outreach programs which bring the library to community service centers.

• Special collections including children’s literature, musical scores and works by Richmond writers.

• Classes in Spanish at Broad Rock Branch, in partnership with other community agencies, for GED preparation, civics, and small business essentials.

Impact Statements




SERVICE AND OPERATIONAL SUMMARY

Library staff includes about 84.42 full-time equivalents or FTE’s.

At the end of FY 2008 the Library’s collections included 786,925

books, 34,446 media items, and 902 periodical subscriptions. Loans

of these materials totaled 730,627 items. The library has 125 public

Internet computer stations. Digital services include on-line catalog

access, Internet access, and general application software such as

word processing. Library-sponsored programs attracted 41,934

participants in FY 2008.

E - 4

SERVICE LOCATIONS

Library services are provided through a Main Library, eight branches,

the library’s Web site, and community outreach programs.

Main Library101 East Franklin StreetRichmond, Virginia 2321961 hours / week

Belmont Branch3100 Ellwood AvenueRichmond, Virginia 2322147 hours / week

Broad Rock Branch4820 Warwick RoadRichmond, Virginia 2322447 hours / week

East End Branch2414 R StreetRichmond, Virginia 2322347 hours / week

Ginter Park Branch1200 Westbrook AvenueRichmond, Virginia 2322747 hours / week

Hull Street Branch1400 Hull StreetRichmond, Virginia 2322447 hours / week

North Avenue Branch2901 North AvenueRichmond, Virginia 2322247 hours / week

West End Branch5420 Patterson AvenueRichmond, Virginia 2322651 hours / week Westover Hills1408 Westover Hill BoulevardRichmond, Virginia 2322547 hours / week

Note: *Main Library hours will be reduced to 51 hours/week in FY 2010

E - 5

RICHMOND PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICE TREND DATA(Source: Bibliostat Connect per annual report submittals by the Richmond Public Library)

Fiscal Year Population of Legal Service

Area

Registered Borrowers

Service Hours per

Typical Week

Total Operating

Expenditures

FY 2001 197,790 133,473 417 $4,974,179

FY 2002 197,790 115,900 417 $4,863,478

FY 2003 193,000 87,237** 437 $5,093,221

FY 2004 193,000 105,098 437 $5,186,646

FY 2005 195,300 115,429 441 $5,169,317

FY 2006 192,900 131,927 441 $5,524,570

FY 2007 193,300 61,370** 441 $5,953,116

FY 2008 200,123 107,323 441 $6,226,959

Fiscal Year # of Total Paid

Employees FTE

Total Circulation

Reference Transactions

Visits

FY 2001 88.90 735,892 438,501 704,739

FY 2002 89.90 743,141 486,486 741,747

FY 2003 89.90 760,147 549,174 738,701

FY 2004 89.90 682,927 382,249 707,899

FY 2005 85.54 639,493 380,543 674,412

FY 2006 82.55 693,343 252,609 732,658

FY 2007 83.05 690,503 76,700* 730,708

FY 2008 84.42*** 730,627 85,644* 777,098

Fiscal Year Number of Book

Volumes

# of Audio Materials

# of Video

Materials

# of Periodical

Subscriptions

FY 2001 820,703 17,780 6,829 1,547

FY 2002 843,263 18,769 7,688 1,538

FY 2003 831,216 19,079 8,930 1,497

FY 2004 853,183 19,079 8,075 1,482

FY 2005 882,027 21,812 9,019 1,507

FY 2006 823,466 19,549 5,805 1,494

FY 2007 693,897 10,652 8,180 1,496

FY 2008 786,925 21,590 12,876 902

Fiscal Year Total # of Library

Programs

Total Program Attendance

# of Users of Public Access

Computers

FY 2001 Not Reported 48,792 100,304

FY 2002 Not Reported 66,419 127,959

FY 2003 Not Reported 65,444 152,900

FY 2004 Not Reported 65,055 139,111

FY 2005 3,599 63,828 147,133

FY 2006 3,099 59,188 178,265

FY 2007 2,852 45,099 217,772

FY 2008 2,283 41,934 248,713

Notes * change reflects a significant revision in transaction definition ** reflects normal purging of inactive borrower records *** in FY 2010 total library paid staff will be reduced to 79.44 FTE

E - 6

LIBRARY BENCHMARK DATA

A group of 11 libraries has been identified as appropriate to collectively

provide benchmark data for this study. This group includes libraries

selected because of the size of their service population, their regional

relationship to Richmond, and/or their familiarity to Richmond residents.

Some are municipal libraries like Richmond, some are county systems;

others are regional systems.

The bulk of the data is from the 2007 Public Library Data Service Statistical

Report. Data for the Durham Public Library is the most recent available,

2006, again from the Public Library Data Service. All data regarding public

computing is taken from the 2007 Federal-State Cooperative System.

Educational attainment data is from the United States Census Bureau,

American Factfinder. Status of Friend and Foundation organizations was

determined from the libraries’ Web sites or by direct telephone inquiry.

While all of the data are of interest, several key measures stand-out and

are succinctly displayed in the following “Selected” table.

Selected 2007 Benchmark Group Data

Per Capita Measure Richmond Benchmark

Group Mean Benchmark

Group Median

Operating Expenditure 30.48 34.20 37.28

Branch Square Feet 0.27 0.32 0.29

Total Circulation 3.54 7.93 8.12

Total Holdings 4.14 2.58 2.60

Internet Computers per 1,000 Residents

0.59 0.81 0.69

LIBRARY SERVICE ENVIRONMENT

The Richmond Public Library is one provider in a network of area libraries.

Many of these area libraries cooperate on an ad hoc basis. Other area

library service providers in the region include:

Public Libraries• Henrico Public Library

• Chesterfield Public Library

• Pamunkey Regional Library

State of Virginia• The Library of Virginia

School Libraries• Richmond Public Schools: numerous locations

Academic Libraries• Virginia Commonwealth University

• Virginia Union University

• J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College Library

• Union Theological Seminary

• University of Richmond

Special Libraries• Virginia Historical Society

• Valentine Richmond History Center

• Bon Secours Richmond Health System

• Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

• Jenkins Research Library

• Museum of the Confederacy

• Braille Circulating Library

E - 7

2007 Library Benchmark Data

Libraries State Population of The Legal

Service Area

Square Miles

Operating Expenditures

Per Capita

Chattahoochee Valley Regional Library System (Columbus) GA 201,585 1,443 $32.38

Chesapeake Public Library System VA 213,400 353 $39.56

Chesterfield County Public Library VA 306,000 446 $24.73

Des Moines Public Library IA 198,682 90 $37.28

Durham County Library (2006 data) NC 236,789 299 $23.69

Frederick County Public Libraries MD 225,000 663 $40.15

Hampton Public Library VA 145,500 55 $19.90

Henrico County Public Library VA 283,300 251 $39.35

Richmond Public Library VA 195,300 63 $30.48

Scottsdale Public Library System AZ 237,510 182 $40.62

Shreve Memorial Library LA 253,118 882 $41.54

Spokane Public Library WA 202,900 60 $37.00

National Averages

Mean 227,617 429 $34.20

Median 225,000 299 $37.28

75th Percentile 245,314 555 $39.86

80th Percentile 253,118 663 $40.15

85th Percentile 268,209 773 $40.39

90th Percentile 283,300 882 $40.62

Richmond Public Library is approximately 18% below the median and 25% below the 80th percentile.

E - 8

2007 Library Benchmark Data, continued

Libraries Central Library Public Service Hours

Friends of the Library

Library Foundation

Chattahoochee Valley Regional Library System (Columbus) Yes 545 Yes Yes

Chesapeake Public Library System Yes 544 Yes Yes

Chesterfield County Public Library Yes 571 Yes No

Des Moines Public Library Yes 352 Yes Yes

Durham County Library (2006 data) Yes 363 Yes Yes

Frederick County Public Libraries Yes 426 Yes No

Hampton Public Library Yes 316 Yes Yes

Henrico County Public Library No 592 Yes No

Richmond Public Library Yes 441 Yes Yes

Scottsdale Public Library System Yes 262 Yes No

Shreve Memorial Library Yes 695 Yes No

Spokane Public Library Yes 201 Yes Yes

National Averages

Mean 442

Median 426

75th Percentile 558

80th Percentile 571

85th Percentile 581

90th Percentile 592

Richmond Public Library is approximately 3.5% below the median and 24% below the 80th percentile.

E - 9


Libraries # of Branches, Including

Central Library

# of Bookmobiles

Total # of Service Outlets

Including Bookmobiles

Central Library Square

Footage

Chattahoochee Valley Regional Library System (Columbus) 8 2.00 10 100,000

Chesapeake Public Library System 7 1.00 8 67,838

Chesterfield County Public Library 9 0 9 42,000

Des Moines Public Library 5 0 5 111,000

Durham County Library (2006 data) 7 1.00 8 65,000

Frederick County Public Libraries 7 2.00 9 66,000

Hampton Public Library 3 2.00 5 53,000

Henrico County Public Library 10 1.00 11 0

Richmond Public Library 9 0 9 112,620

Scottsdale Public Library System 3 0 3 105,000

Shreve Memorial Library 20 1.00 21 80,000

Spokane Public Library 5 1.00 6 87,405

National Averages

Mean 7.64 1.00 8.64 70,658

Median 7.00 1.00 8.00 67,838

75th Percentile 8.50 1.50 9.50 93,703

80th Percentile 9.00 2.00 10.00 100,000

85th Percentile 9.50 2.00 10.50 102,500

90th Percentile 10.00 2.00 11.00 105,000

Richmond Public Library has two more branches than the median and the same as the 80th percentile.

The Main Library is 66% larger than the median and 12% larger than the 80th percentile.

E - 10


Libraries Branch Library Square

Footage

Branch Square Footage Per

Capita

Branch Library Mean Square

Footage

Total Library Square

Footage

Total Library Square Footage

Per Capita

Chattahoochee Valley Regional Library System (Columbus) 49,939 0.25 7,134 149,939 0.74

Chesapeake Public Library System 92,238 0.43 15,373 160,076 0.75

Chesterfield County Public Library 105,600 0.35 13,200 147,600 0.48

Des Moines Public Library 66,650 0.34 16,663 176,650 0.89

Durham County Library (2006 data) 38,865 0.16 6,478 103,865 0.44

Frederick County Public Libraries 41,100 0.18 6,850 107,100 0.48

Hampton Public Library 22,494 0.15 11,247 27,794 0.19

Henrico County Public Library 149,110 0.53 16,568 149,110 0.53

Richmond Public Library 53,249 0.27 6,656 165,869 0.85

Scottsdale Public Library System 58,650 0.25 29,325 103,650 0.44

Shreve Memorial Library 156,943 0.62 8,260 236,943 0.94

Spokane Public Library 58,059 0.29 14,515 145,464 0.72

National Averages

Mean 76,332 0.32 13,237 137,108 0.60

Median 58,650 0.29 13,200 147,600 0.53

75th Percentile 98,919 0.39 15,970 155,008 0.75

80th Percentile 105,600 0.43 16,568 160,076 0.75

85th Percentile 127,355 0.48 16,616 168,363 0.82

90th Percentile 149,110 0.53 16,663 176,650 0.89

Richmond Public Library - Square footage of branch library space is 7% below the median and 38% below the 80th percentile.

Total library square footage for the system per capita is 60% above the median and 13% above the 80th percentile.

E - 11


Libraries Population Per Staff FTE

Holdings Per Capita

Circulation Per Capita

Collection Turnover

Chattahoochee Valley Regional Library System (Columbus) 1,716 1.82 6.31 3.97

Chesapeake Public Library System 1,642 3.34 8.96 2.97

Chesterfield County Public Library 2,387 2.50 12.6 5.26

Des Moines Public Library 1,823 2.33 7.81 2.51

Durham County Library (2006 data) 2,301 2.20 5.74 2.47

Frederick County Public Libraries 1,771 2.66 8.12 2.86

Hampton Public Library 2,156 2.03 4.19 2.06

Henrico County Public Library 1,330 2.60 9.52 3.83

Richmond Public Library 2,352 4.14 3.54 0.95

Scottsdale Public Library System 1,699 2.89 10.49 3.18

Shreve Memorial Library 1,562 3.35 5.14 1.40

Spokane Public Library 2,178 2.63 8.37 3.64

National Averages

Mean 1,869 2.58 7.93 3.10

Median 1,771 2.60 8.12 2.97

75th Percentile 2,167 2.78 9.24 3.74

80th Percentile 2,178 2.89 9.52 3.83

85th Percentile 2,240 3.12 10.01 3.90

90th Percentile 2,301 3.34 10.49 3.97

For holding per capita, Richmond Public Library is 59% above the median and 43% above the 80th percentile.

For number of items circulated per capita, Richmond Public Library is 57% below the median and 63% below the 80th percentile.

E - 12


Libraries % of Circulation At

Central Library

% of Circulation At

Branches

Program Attendance Per Capita

Visits Per Capita

Chattahoochee Valley Regional Library System (Columbus) 69.22 30.78 0.30 5.00

Chesapeake Public Library System 35.63 64.37 0.45 7.60

Chesterfield County Public Library 10.77 89.23 0.16 5.81

Des Moines Public Library 32.55 67.45 0.38 6.99

Durham County Library (2006 data) 44.96 55.04 0.28 4.35

Frederick County Public Libraries 55.78 44.22 0.38 3.84

Hampton Public Library N/A N/A 0.14 3.99

Henrico County Public Library N/A N/A 0.19 5.10

Richmond Public Library 31.90 68.10 0.23 3.74

Scottsdale Public Library System 34.19 65.82 0.54 6.13

Shreve Memorial Library 11.39 88.61 0.29 0.62

Spokane Public Library 21.44 78.56 0.21 4.02

National Averages

Mean 35.10 64.90 0.30 4.86

Median 34.19 65.82 0.29 5.00

75th Percentile 44.96 78.56 0.38 5.97

80th Percentile 51.45 80.15 0.39 6.30

85th Percentile 55.24 87.55 0.43 6.69

90th Percentile 58.47 88.73 0.45 6.99

At Richmond Public Library, the percentage of the material circulation provided by the branch libraries is 3.5% greater than the

median and 15% below the 80th percentile.

E - 13


Libraries Users of Public Internet

Computers

Users of Public Computers per

1,000 Population

Public Internet

Terminals

Public Internet Computers per

1,000 Population

Chattahoochee Valley Regional Library System (Columbus) 413,816 2,053 298 1.48

Chesapeake Public Library System 517,870 2,427 178 0.83

Chesterfield County Public Library 189,607 620 163 0.53

Des Moines Public Library 137,956 694 130 0.65

Durham County Library (2006 data) 205,154 866 105 0.44

Frederick County Public Libraries 194,827 866 120 0.53

Hampton Public Library 170,741 1,173 80 0.55

Henrico County Public Library 171,747 606 224 0.79

Richmond Public Library 178,265 913 116 0.59

Scottsdale Public Library System 441,227 1,858 163 0.69

Shreve Memorial Library 456,375 1,803 433 1.71

Spokane Public Library 121,872 601 150 0.74

National Averages

Mean 274,654 1,233 186 0.81

Median 194,827 866 163 0.69

75th Percentile 427,522 1,830 201 0.81

80th Percentile 441,227 1,858 224 0.83

85th Percentile 448,801 1,956 261 1.16

90th Percentile 456,375 2,053 298 1.48

Richmond Public Library has provided a quantity of public access computers that is 29% below the median and 49% fewer than

the 80th percentile.

E - 14


Libraries % of Residents with High School Degree or Higher

% of Residents with Bachelor’s

Degree or Higher

Chattahoochee Valley Regional Library System (Columbus) 79.0 20.4

Chesapeake Public Library System 85.1 24.7

Chesterfield County Public Library 88.1 32.6

Des Moines Public Library 83.0 21.8

Durham County Library (2006 data) 83.0 40.1

Frederick County Public Libraries 87.1 30.0

Hampton Public Library 85.5 21.8

Henrico County Public Library 80.6 34.9

Richmond Public Library 75.2 29.5

Scottsdale Public Library System 93.5 44.1

Shreve Memorial Library 79.0 22.2

Spokane Public Library 88.1 25.4

National Averages

Mean 84.7 28.9

Median 85.1 25.4

75th Percentile 86.7 33.8




The number of Richmond Public Library residents with High School degrees is 12% below the median and 14% below the 80th percentile.

E - 15

SERVICE POPULATION

The service population the Richmond Public Library can expect to

serve in 2031 is one important element in developing an accurate

space needs assessment. Richmond has experienced a period of slow

population decline in the past three decades. Looking to the future, it

appears this trend may be changing.

A good source of population projections is the Richmond Regional

Planning District Commission (RRPDC). That agency forecasts a 2031

Richmond population of 205,117 in a study titled 2031 Long-Range

Transportation Plan.

Richmond Population

Year Population

1980 Census Bureau 219,214



2031 RRPDC 205,117

SPACE NEEDS ASSESSMENT

The space needs assessment process identifies a community’s library

space requirements for an extended planning horizon, typically 20

to 25 years. In this study of Richmond’s library space requirements

a planning horizon of 2031 has been adopted. Minimum space

requirements are developed using population projections, tested

service standards, and nationally accepted space calculation

formulas. The methodology is based on a space needs assessment

process developed, revised, and published by the Wisconsin

Division for Library Services. It is slightly modified as applied by the

library planner. This methodology focuses on seven types of space

utilization commonly found in public libraries:

• Collection Space

• User Seating

• Staff Work Space

• Program Space

• Public Technology

• Special Use Space

• Structure/Support Space

E - 16

A report created in March 2009 revealed the following, even

after setting aside all items published before 1900, all Special

Collections, all discard, withdrawn, lost, and missing items:

Age of Current Holdings

Main All Branches

Published Before 1999 (10 years old or older) 89% 57%

Published Before 1989 (20 years old or older) 72% 29%

The library has undertaken a thorough collection management

program. These efforts include a systematic review of current

holdings in specific collection segments to identify items with little

or no use for de-accessioning as well as identifying critical items

for acquisition. Age is not in itself a criterion for de-accessioning,

but is a reason for a considered re-evaluation. Older materials can

provide unique value if they are related to the specific mission

of the library, provide a contextual understanding of important

issues, or contribute to an understanding of the history of the

library in the community.

PROJECTED COLLECTION SIZE

BOOK AND MEDIA HOLDINGS

A useful method for predicting future collection size is to apply

the per capita total holdings rate of a benchmark group to the

projected municipal population. The 75th percentile total per capita

holdings rate for the 11 library benchmark group identified for this

project is 2.78. That holding’s rate and the projected 2031 municipal

population of 205,117 suggest a total 2031 collection of 570,225

items. This is a smaller collection than the library’s current holdings.

A smaller collection is appropriate because the current collection

includes a number of materials that have been superseded or are

of little interest to the community. The Richmond Public Library

reported in its FY 2008 statistical submittal to the Library of Virginia

that it held a total of 821,391 book and media items. This is a per

capita holdings rate of 4.14 items, significantly higher than the

mean of 2.58 items held by the 11 peer libraries, and even much

higher than the 90% percentile holdings rate of 3.34 items per capita

for that group.

E - 17

PUBLIC TECHNOLOGY

The digital format has become the preferred form for many customers

seeking specific pieces of information, accessing digital information

sources, and for preparing information to be shared with others.

On-line databases, Web access, and sophisticated on-line catalogs

are all important components of today’s library service program. Public

libraries are the technology access point for many in the community.

Even with the falling cost of technology, the public library will continue

to be the one source for data applications for many residents. For those

with their own equipment and access to technology, the public library

will continue to be the provider of electronic services not easily or cost

effectively accessed by individuals.

A good method for estimating the number of public Internet computer

stations that are needed is to provide one station for every 15 to 20

persons who enter the library daily (excludes public catalog stations and

stand-alone computers).

In FY 2008, 863,983 customers entered the library’s 9 locations - a daily

average of about 2,890 customers. The first half of FY 2009 has shown a

significant growth in the number of library visits with 503,636 visits for

an annualized rate of 1,007,272 visits - a daily average of 3,369.

Benchmark Group per Capita Holdings Data

11 Benchmark Libraries Items Per Capita

Mean 2.58

Median 2.60

70th Percentile 2.73





Richmond Public Library 4.14

PERIODICAL HOLDINGS

For FY 2007 the Richmond Public Library reported receiving 1,496

subscriptions or 7.66 periodical subscriptions per 1,000 municipal

residents. That number was substantially reduced in FY 2008 to 902

titles. For the purposes of this study the Richmond Public Library’s

FY 2008 holdings rate of 902 titles will be used.

E - 18

At this writing the library has a total of 113 public Internet computer

stations at all locations. That is not enough to meet current demand.

Computer use is in such high demand that use is rationed to one hour

per customer per day, and still there is significant, lengthy queuing.

Using the projected FY 2009 gate count and allowing one computer

for every 15 to 20 customers entering the library suggests providing

between 168 and 225 public Internet computer stations. The 80th

FY 2007 Benchmark Data Public Internet Use/Availability

11 Benchmark Libraries Users of Public Internet Computers

Users of Public Computers per 1,000 Population

Public Internet Terminals

Public Internet Computers per 1,000 Population

Mean 274,654 1,233 186 0.81

Median 194,827 866 163 0.69

75th Percentile 427,522 1,830 201 0.81

80th Percentile 441,227 1,858 224 0.83

85th Percentile 448,801 1,956 261 1.16

90th Percentile 456,375 2,053 298 1.48

Richmond Public Library 178,265 913 116 0.59

percentile of the 11 benchmark libraries reported 224 public Internet

computers or 0.83 Internet computers per 1,000 residents.

Because the Library Board Facilities Committee understands the

importance public technology plays in the community’s future, this

study recommends planning space for no less than 224 public Internet

computers through the year 2031.

E - 19

Projected Program Space/Capacity

Branch Square Feet

Rated Seating Capacity

Main Library

Second Floor Conference Rooms 882 36

Gellman Gallery 975 64

Children’s Program Room 1,320 74

Board Room 472 12

Auditorium (includes support spaces) 4,708 250

Auditorium Annex 700 75

Main Library Subtotal 9,057 511

Belmont Branch 850 60

Broad Rock Branch 850 60

East End Branch 850 60

Ginter Park Branch 850 60

Hull Street Branch 850 60

North Avenue Branch 850 60

West End Branch 850 60

Westover Hills Branch 850 60

Total 15,857 991

PROGRAM SPACE

Public libraries commonly provide spaces to support the library’s

programming for children, adults, and other needs of the community.

The library has an active schedule of library sponsored programs.

In FY 2008 the library sponsored 2,283 programs with about 42,000

participants. Community groups also make heavy use of the library’s

meeting rooms.

Existing Program Space/Capacity

Branch Square Feet

Rated Seating Capacity

Main Library

Second Floor Conference Rooms 882 36

Gellman Gallery 975 64

Children’s Program Room* 1,320 74

Board Room 472 12

Auditorium (includes support spaces) 4,708 250

Auditorium Annex 700 75

Belmont Branch* 240 30

Broad Rock Branch* 550 56

East End Branch* 660 40

Ginter Park Branch* 500 25

Hull Street Branch* 600 36

North Avenue Branch* 550 35

West End Branch* 550 44

Westover Hills Branch* 500 45

Total 13,207 822

* Please note that the square feet are based on rough field estimates and that the seating capacity is as officially and independently determined over many years by code authorities. It is acknowledged that the space and the seating capacities do not always appear to be in harmony.

Based on staff observations, each branch program room should be

sized to seat 60, and provide support spaces for table, chair, media, and

program supply storage to support current program space demands and

anticipate future needs. There are no capacity changes recommended for

the Main Library program spaces.

E - 20

STAFF WORK SPACES

Staff work space is critical to an effective and efficient public library.

Work space is a productivity issue, not a luxury. Staff work space

includes both public service areas such as the check-out desk and

workroom space where staff completes its on-going responsibilities

such as daily financial reports, preparing statistical reports, and

planning and preparing public programs.

The number of workstations is not in a one-to-one relationship to

the number of staff. The number of workstations represents the

number of places where work takes place, not the number of staff.

By example, while there may be only one person using a wood shop,

there are many workstations: table saw, workbench, lathe, and drill

press, each with a specific, dedicated purpose.

No increase in the overall number of staff workstations is proposed.

Branch Workstations

Location Number of Workstations

Belmont Branch 11

Broad Rock Branch 9

East End Branch 8

Ginter Park Branch 8

Hull Street Branch 9

North Avenue Branch 9

West End Branch 9

Westover Hills 9

Main Library 83

Total 155

GENERAL USER SEATING

Projected user seating calculations are based on a sliding scale of

seats per thousand population. The scale was developed by the

state of Wisconsin following studies of actual public libraries and

their use by patrons.

User Seating Calculations

Population Seats per 1,000 Population

1,000 22.50

2,500 14.25

5,000 10.00

10,000 7.00

25,000 4.50

50,000 3.00

100,000 2.25

250,000 1.50

500,000 1.00

The projected municipal population of 205,117 persons suggests

that about 2 seats be allocated for every 1,000 residents or 410

seats. Library seating is typically offered in a wide variety of formats

such as study chairs, task chairs, stools, and lounge chairs to reflect

the different types of library users and their seating preferences.

Each of those seating types has a different space requirement. An

average space requirement of 30 square feet per seat is used in

these preliminary calculations.

E - 21

SPECIAL USE SPACE

Special use space is an umbrella term that encompasses a

variety of public and staff spaces not covered by the preceding

broad categories. Examples of special use space include study

rooms, copiers, files, displays, and storage space. The specific

space requirements for these uses should be detailed in the

building program document. For the purpose of the space

needs assessment, special use space may be expressed as

15% of the preceding spatial needs.

STRUCTURE AND SUPPORT SPACE

Structure and support space includes areas of the building

that are of common utility and do not serve a specific library

purpose. Structure and support space is sometimes referred

to as architectural or unassigned space. Examples of structure

and support space include the entry and foyer, restrooms,

general aisle space throughout the building, stairs, elevators,

mechanical systems, and even walls and partitions. Projects to

expand and renovate libraries typically require 30% of the gross

building area for structure and support space.

2031 Minimum Space Needs Calculations

Richmond Public Library: All Locations

Space Use Category Space Requirement

Collection Space 570,225 book and media items x .10 = 57,023 SF902 current periodicals x 1.3 = 1,172 SF902 back issue periodicals x 3 years avg. x .66 = 1,786 SF

59,981 SF

General User Seating 410 seats x 30 SF / seat

12,300 SF

Public Computer Workstations224 computers x 40 SF / workstation

8,960 SF

Staff Work Space155 staff workstations x 150 SF = 19,375 SF

23,250 SF

Program Space Main Library All existing program spaces = 9,057 SF

All Branches 8 program rooms to seat 60 each = 8 x 850 = 6,800 SF

15,857 SF

Special Use Space15% of running subtotal (120,348)

18,052 SF

Net Subtotal (sum of above) 138,400 SF

Structure/Support Space At 30% of gross space requirement

59,314 SF

Total: Minimum Gross Space Requirement 197,714 SFThe library currently has a total of 166,242 square feet in all locations, 112,620 at the Main Library and 53,622 square feet at all branches, as reported by the 2007 Public Library Data Service Statistical Report and the 2007 Federal-State Cooperative System.

Maintaining the Main Library at its present size suggests that a total of 85,094 square feet is required for Richmond’s 8 branch libraries.

E - 22

Branches

Branches come in a wide range of configurations to meet specific

service area characteristics, community dynamics, and budgetary

considerations.

Full-Service Regional Branch

This is a branch library intended to provide most of the scope of services

found at the Main Library, if not the depth. Common characteristics of a

full-service branch include:

• 25,000 to 50,000 square feet

• collections of 75,000 to 150,000 items

• 2 or 3 public service desks (by example: circulation, reference, youth)

• staff of 15 to 25 fte

• specialized staff such as reference and children’s librarians

• a full programming schedule supported by branch staff

• meeting room(s) and other program spaces

Neighborhood Branch

This is a branch library intended to support the day-to-day service needs

of a defined population. Common characteristics of a neighborhood

branch include:

• 5,000 to 15,000 square feet

• collections of 20,000 to 75,000 items

• a single public service desk

• staff of 5.0 to 10.0 fte

• staff expertise targeted to reflect the branch’s mission and scope programming supported by branch and Main Library staff

• a meeting room

SERVICE DELIVERY METHODSA range of methods are available for the delivery of library

services to Richmond residents. A single Main Library is one

method. Other examples of delivery methods include full-service

regional branches, neighborhood branches, bookmobiles,

Web-based services, and outreach services. Here are summary

descriptions of the common service delivery types.

COMMON DELIVERY METHODS

Main Library

A Main Library provides comprehensive services to the entire

community, commonly including:

• Typically 75,000 - 125,000 square feet for communities the size of Richmond

• collections of 200,000 to 300,000+ items

• 3 or 4 public service desks (by example: circulation, reference, computing help desk, youth)

• staff of 30 to 65 fte

• specialized staff such as reference, children’s, IT librarians

• a full programming schedule

• a suite of meeting rooms

• home for support services for entire library organization such as cataloging, marketing, facility management, administration.

E - 23

• programming limited by space or held in near-by cooperating agency

• requires land-lines to hook-ups at each location or an on-board generator

• stable schedule promotes use

• on-line services for bookmobile are possible (circulation control, customer computing), either through land-lines or wireless connections.

Direct Delivery

Direct delivery typically is a USPS mail-based service using the

library’s on-line system as the “catalog” by which customers remotely

browse and select materials. The library then mails selections directly

to the customer. The customer may return by mail or use remote

returns. Spokane Public Library has offered this service in the past at

a subsidized rate of $2; actual costs may be $3.50 to $4.00.

Reciprocal Services

In this model, services are provided by a group of library entities

to their collective patrons. By example, Richmond Public Library

serves other Richmond area residents that are borrowers of other

area libraries. In turn, those libraries provide service to Richmond

City residents.

Joint-Use Facilities

Public libraries sometimes join with another public service agency

to provide service from a shared facility. The style and level of

this sharing runs the gamut from a fully integrated service to two

agencies operating separately in independent spaces under a shared

roof. Agencies partnering with public libraries include community

Outreach Services

Outreach programs provide library services and materials to

customers at community locations outside of the library. Outreach

programs may serve preschools, senior centers, schools, correction

centers, group-living centers, or homebound individuals. Sometimes

deposit collections of library materials are maintained at community

service centers.

Web-Based Services

The Library’s Web site can offer a wide range of digital resources

provided directly by the library or through portal or gateway

services contracted by the library. Digital branches may provide

access to many resources such as

• the library’s catalog and reserve/delivery functions

• the borrower’s personal library account

• interactive staff expertise

• downloadable materials such as e-books, journal articles, sound files, video files

• databases

• links to other Web sites

Bookmobile Service

Bookmobiles operate as a mobile branch with a special service focus.

Common characteristics include:

• collection of 2,500 to 3,500 items

• staff of 2.5 to 3.0 fte

• available at any single location for a limited time period

E - 24

Outreach Services

Outreach programs include on-site programs at schools, pre-schools,

and community service locations; partnerships by the Early Literacy

Coordinator to reach parents and childcare providers with training

specific to their needs; and library events with neighborhood

partners to showcase related neighborhood resources such as

the North Avenue Branch’s programs with the Partnership for

Families Northside.

Reciprocal Services

Richmond Public Library has ad hoc agreements for reciprocal service

with the adjoining public library systems.

The Main Library

The current Main Library opened for service in 1930 as the Dooley

Library and was significantly expanded and re-configured in 1972.

Contemporary renovations occurred in 2004. The Main Library

includes the fullest array of collections and formats of all service

locations with about 437,000 items. The Main Library offers 48 public

computing stations and additional stations for other technologies.

There are two large public program rooms, The Auditorium seats 250

and the Auditorium Annex seats 75. The Gellman Gallery seats 64, the

Children’s program room 74, Board Room 12, and there are 4 smaller

conference style rooms on the Second Floor.

The library’s administrative, technical services, and technology

services are located at the Main Library, which is open 61 hours,

6 days each week.

centers, city offices, recreation facilities, senior centers, and less

commonly fire and police services. Public libraries sometimes partner

with community colleges, colleges/universities, and public schools.

There are as many unsuccessful partnerings as successful.

A key to success is a well-researched operational agreement

and a commitment to the project’s success by both organizations,

their governing authorities, and their staffs. There are extensive

issues to work through.

Successful partnerings have included those with recreation and

community centers. One of the least successful partnerings is

between public libraries and public schools. Often funding agencies

seek a fuller integration than is practical. In some partnerings

collections do not overlap much, selection criteria often conflict,

customer bases are often at-odds or a safety concern, policies and

practices differ significantly. Sometimes there are unspoken cost-

shifting expectations.

EXISTING RICHMOND PUBLIC LIBRARY DELIVERY METHODS

Web-Based Services

The library’s Web site offers customer access to the library’s catalog,

research databases, access to reference librarians, recommended

reading, the customer’s borrower account, and pre-selected links to

area libraries, city resources, and many useful on-line resources.

E - 25

BRANCH LOCATIONS AND SERVICE AREAS MAP

Branch Characteristics

Richmond’s eight branch libraries are similar in size. The smallest,

Westover Hills has 5,407 square feet, and the largest, West End,

has 7,510 square feet. They have similarly sized meeting rooms

with seating capacities ranging from 25 to 56 persons. Hull Street

is the newest building, opening in 1987, and Belmont is the oldest,

opening in 1956.

The estimated service population that can be attributed to each

branch is more diverse, ranging from Ginter Park with 12,063

residents to Belmont with 35,518 residents. West End and Belmont

have the heaviest door count, Broad Rock and Westover Hills are

close behind in the next bracket.

The branches vary significantly in how their customers utilize

their resources. Every branch has a diverse use of its resources but

there are some recognizable patterns of use among the branches.

Broad Rock, Hull Street, East End, and North Avenue have heavier

computer use. West End, Belmont, and Westover Hills have higher

material circulation rates. It’s not a question of absolutes but

rather the branches finding themselves at different positions on a

continuum of use.

Branch Libraries

Richmond has 8 branch libraries in locations that provide

appropriate access, organically reflect existing neighborhoods,

and respond to natural and man-made barriers such as freeways

and rivers. Many of the branches have a long, continuous history

of service at their location, 30, 40, and even 50 years. The branches

are an important part of the neighborhood, a resource with broad

impact, and a touchstone for area residents.

Belmont Branch3100 Ellwood AvenueRichmond, Virginia 2322147 hours / week

Broad Rock Branch4820 Warwick RoadRichmond, Virginia 2322447 hours / week

East End Branch2414 R StreetRichmond, Virginia 2322347 hours / week

Ginter Park Branch1200 Westbrook AvenueRichmond, Virginia 2322747 hours / week

Hull Street Branch1400 Hull StreetRichmond, Virginia 2322447 hours / week

North Avenue Branch2901 North AvenueRichmond, Virginia 2322247 hours / week

West End Branch5420 Patterson AvenueRichmond, Virginia 2322651 hours / week

Westover Hills1408 Westover Hill BoulevardRichmond, Virginia 2322547 hours / week

E - 26

RICHMOND PUBLIC LIBRARY SYSTEM APPROXIMATE BRANCH SERVICE AREAS

E - 27

2008 Branch Characteristics and Use Data

Branch 2007 Estimated Service Population

Holdings Feb. 2009

Circulation Visits or Door Count

Public Internet Computers

Computer Use

Belmont 35,518 50,000 103,346 88,978 8 20,886

Broad Rock 28,269 38,349 56,082 100,647 10 32,947

East End 31,650 26,616 27,155 76,048 10 24,071

Ginter Park 12,063 33,305 52,412 68,847 7 18,805

Hull Street 14,966 27,803 27,060 58,467 15 27,395

North Avenue 22,675 25,303 27,241 116,267 10 22,396

West End 16,375 64,744 138,367 87,049 9 15,758

Westover Hills 29,277 33,610 98,388 77,265 8 19,676

Main 4,238 436,947 213,978 190,388 48 71,349

Total 195,031 736,677 744,029 863,956 113 253,283

Branch Age of Building

Square Feet

Weekly Hours of Service

Staff Stations

Meeting Room Capacity

Belmont 1956 7,365 47 11 30

Broad Rock 1976 7,391 47 9 56

East End 1965 6,271 47 8 40

Ginter Park 1964 6,515 47 8 25

Hull Street 1987 6,620 47 9 36

North Avenue 1983 6,543 47 9 35

West End 1978 7,510 51 9 44

Westover Hills 1959 5,407 47 9 45

Main Library 1930, 1972 112,620 61 83 511

Total N/A 166,242 N/A 155 822

E - 28

Selected Branch Characteristics and Use Data in Descending Order

Branch Holdings Feb. 2009

Main Library 436,947

West End 64,744

Belmont 50,000

Broad Rock 38,349


Ginter Park 33,305

Hull Street 27,803

East End 26,616

North Avenue 25,303

Total 736,677

Branch Visits or Door Count


North Avenue 116,267

Broad Rock 100,647

Belmont 88,978

West End 87,049


East End 76,048

Ginter Park 68,847

Hull Street 58,467

Total 863,956

Branch Computer Use

Main Library 71,349

Broad Rock 32,947

Hull Street 27,395

East End 24,071

North Avenue 22,396

Belmont 20,886


Ginter Park 18,805

West End 15,758

Total 253,283

Branch Circulation

Main 213,978

West End 138,367

Belmont 103,346


Broad Rock 56,082

Ginter Park 52,412

North Avenue 27,241

East End 27,155

Hull Street 27,060

Total 744,029

Branch Service Population

Belmont 35,518

East End 31,650


Broad Rock 28,269

North Avenue 22,675

West End 16,375

Hull Street 14,966

Ginter Park 12,063

Main Library 4,238

Total 195,031

Branch Square Feet


West End 7,510

Broad Rock 7,391

Belmont 7,365

Hull Street 6,620

North Avenue 6,543

Ginter Park 6,515

East End 6,271


Total 166,242

E - 29

The findings of the Space Needs Assessment are confirmed when

the benchmark peer group data is analyzed. The Space Needs

Assessment estimate of 85,094 square feet falls between the

75th and 80th percentile of the benchmark group's branch library

square feet per capita rates.

Branch Space Requirements per Benchmark Data

2031 Estimated Branch Service Population 200,661

Nth Percentile of Benchmark Libraries’ Square Feet Per Capita

0.39 Per Capita: 75th Percentile 78,258




RECOMMENDED BRANCH SPACE AND SERVICE CONFIGURATIONS

The Space Needs Assessment portion of this study identifies a need for

a total of 197,714 square feet system-wide to provide city-wide public

library service and meet operational needs through the year 2031.

The Main Library requires 112,620 square feet suggesting that 85,094

square feet could be assigned to branch library service points.

The branches currently occupy 53,249 square feet.

The Main Library plays, and will continue to play, a pivotal role in

Richmond’s service delivery model. It is the one location that provides

a critical mass of resources and services to support the broadest and

most far reaching of the community’s library needs. It also plays an

important role in the community’s arts experience that many value.

Space Needs Assessment Summary

Space Use Category Space Requirement

Collection Space 59,981 SF

General User Seating 12,300 SF

Public Computer Workstations 8,960 SF

Staff Work Space 23,250 SF

Program Space 15,857 SF

Special Use Space 18,052 SF

Net Subtotal 138,400 SF

Structure/Support Space 59,314 SF

Minimum Gross Space Requirement 197,714 SF

Main Library 112,620 SF

Branch Libraries 85,094 SF

E - 30

Proposed Allocation of Space by Branch

BranchService Population

ModelVisits or Gate Count Model

Circulation Model

Computer Use Model Mean Space

Proposed Space Allocation

Belmont Branch 15,841 11,241 16,591 9,769 13,361 13,000

Broad Rock Branch 12,608 12,715 9,003 15,410 12,434 13,000

East End Branch 14,116 9,607 4,359 11,258 9,835 10,000

Ginter Park Branch 5,380 8,698 8,414 87,96 7,822 8,000

Hull Street Branch 6,675 7,386 4,344 12,813 7,805 8,000

North Avenue Branch 10,113 14,688 4,373 10,475 9,912 10,000

West End Branch 7,303 10,997 22,213 7,370 11,971 13,000

Westover Hills Branch. 13,058 9,761 15,795 9,203 11,954 13,000

Total 85,094 85,093 85,092 85,094 85,093 88,000

Square FeetBased on Percentage of Total for Each Allocation Model

BRANCH SPACE ALLOCATIONS

A four factor matrix was developed to allocate the increased

recommended space among the branches. The factors include

service population, number of visits, circulation and computer use.

The differences among the branches for each factor directly shape

the space allocations. A Mean Space Allocation reflecting all four

factors was identified for each branch. This mean allocation was

modified by the consultant in the form of a slightly more idealized

Proposed Space Allocation.

The data aggregates to three branch sizes; 13,000 square feet, 10,000

square feet, and 8,000 square feet. All of the branches need a host of

improvements including more public computers, a larger program

room, and more effective staff work space. The Proposed Space

Allocation establishes an 8,000-square-foot minimum for all branches

to support the changes to library services based on projected service

area populations and resident needs.

E - 31

BRANCH SERVICE CONFIGURATION MODELS

The data for Richmond’s branch libraries suggest three broadly

defined service models: Borrower’s Library, Information Library,

and Balanced Library. The differentiation between the service

models is more a matter of degree rather than an absolute. All of

the branches require circulating collections, program/meeting

room space to support both library sponsored and community

group activities, general customer seating, public computers,

service desks, staff work space, and support space for building

systems and operational concerns.

Digital Resources

Borrower’s Library

Circulation data at these branches suggest an emphasis on collections. In addition to

the latest best sellers and high demand materials, broader representations of the works of popular authors, recordings, and series are stocked. Computing resources are provided in the quantity needed to

support customer demand.

Branches that reflect this emphasis are West End, Belmont, and Westover Hills.

Information Library

Customers at these branches place significant demand on in-library computing.

Collections at these branches are more focused on high demand, popular materials and rely more on intra-library loans to support more

detailed requests from customers. Nonfiction collections may have an emphasis on titles dealing with specific skills and processes.

Branches that reflect this emphasis are East End, Hull Street, and North Avenue.

Balanced Library

Demand for collections and technology are more in equilibrium in this model.

Branches that reflect this equilibrium are Broad Rock and Ginter Park.

Circulating Collections

SERVICE MODEL CONTINUUM

It is the emphasis apportioned to each of these functions to reflect the

unique aspects of the branch’s customer base that gives definition to the

branch buildings and services. The following chart describe the three

broad branch types or models.

Service Model Continuum Chart

E - 32

Impact Statements



• Richmond residents will increase their technological knowledge, skill, and competencies from technology, programs, and resources

available at Richmond Public Library.

BEST PRACTICES

Taking the lead from the Mission and Impact Statements, the

following areas of service are targeted for special attention in the

redevelopment of Richmond’s branch libraries.

Emergent Literacy

The Public Library Association suggests that “Emergent literacy

is what children know about reading and writing before they can

actually read or write. Young children’s emergent literacy skills are

the building blocks for later reading and writing. Children learn these

skills before they start school and this begins in infancy. From birth

throughout the preschool years, children develop knowledge of

spoken language- the sounds that form words, letters, writing and

books. This is the beginning of the abilities that children need to

be able to learn to read and write in school.”

PLANNING FOR CHANGE

Specific building programs and ensuing schematic plans must be

developed for each branch to reflect their service model and space

allocation. The staff and design teams should work together to

develop core characteristics for each branch model and allow for

the specific idiosyncrasies that make each branch special.

In this process it is critical that the planning teams look to other

library systems for best practices to shape Richmond’s path in the

process of developing the core characteristics for each model and a

building program for each branch. Best practices offer a preview of

the impact of specific methods, designs, technologies, furnishings,

and policies. Richmond Public Library’s Mission and Impact

Statements suggest several important areas to focus the pursuit of

best practices.

RICHMOND’S PLANNING DIRECTIVES

Mission Statement

The mission of the Richmond Public Library is to inform, enrich,

and empower Richmond’s residents: to enrich lives and expand

opportunities for all citizens by promoting reading and the active

use of cultural, intellectual, and information resources through

a dedication to excellence and professional service.

E - 33

Two new Omaha Branches (South Omaha Branch and the

Washington Branch) include computing spaces that serve both as

space for instruction and for drop-in public access. Pocket doors

or other demountable wall systems allow for the ready conversion

of an enclosed instructional space into an extension of the public

floor for general public computing.

A recognized leader in computing literacy and technological

competence is the Hennepin County Library, Minnetonka, Minnesota.

The Brookdale Branch and other branches of the Hennepin County

Library offer computer instruction to targeted audiences in several

languages, in several age groupings, and at several skill levels.

Personal Development

Many public libraries work independently and in partnerships with

other community providers to offer classes and tutoring in reading

and English language competency, GED preparation, citizenship, job

search preparation, as well as cultural programs of interest to a broad

segment of the community.

Queens Library, New York City, is a fantastic source of programs for

lifelong and life skills learning. The programs they offer directly or in

association with other community sources are amazing. The Queens

Library offerings include varied adult learner classes, citizenship

classes, genealogy, computer instruction, research instruction, and

health information. A look at their Web page, www.queenslibrary.org,

and clicking of the “Your Community” button, offers an initial view

of this strong program.

Facility planning implications of emergent literacy services include

space for targeted collections, parent/child read together seating,

self-directed discovery areas with manipulatives and other learning

opportunities, and children’s programming space. A recognized

leader in emergent literacy services is the West Bloomfield Township

Public Library, West Bloomfield Township, Michigan.

To implement the emergent literacy concepts, spaces specially

designed for young children should be planned. These spaces can

provide stimulating environments that feature vocabulary, tactile,

dimensional, and auditory interaction. Structures that encourage

motor development and spatial understanding can also be

wonderfully entertaining. The space and equipment that support the

emergent literacy program should be flexible to allow for activities

and enhancements.

Technological Competency

Public libraries, including the Richmond Public Library, offer

instructional programs in basic computing and software applications.

Providing an appropriate learning environment and gearing the

instructional programs to targeted audiences are two factors in

providing a successful program.

Facility planning implications of providing technology instruction

may include spaces that serve both as an instructional environment

and as open access computing stations or as a program room.

E - 34

Young Adult area. Not a separate room, Maplewood is an extensive

alcove that runs along the main circulation spine of the building.

DRAFT LIBRARY OF VIRGINIA STANDARDS

The Library of Virginia promulgates and maintains standards

for public libraries. A working draft of potential revisions to the

standards is currently being developed for consideration.

The following items are excerpted from the working draft to

call to attention those items within the draft that may have some

bearing on the Master Plan under consideration.

A review of these issues suggests that recommendations of the

Master Plan are in compliance with the draft standards.

The following summaries of specific sections illustrate the key issues

of the draft standards that bear on the facility planning envisioned by

this study.

Key Requirements of the Draft Standards

1. Collections

Level Items Per Capita

2031 Projected Population

Required Collection Size

A 2 205,117 410,234

AA 3 205,117 615,351

AAA 4 205,117 820,468

The draft Virginia Standards also requires libraries to weed 5% of their collection annually

Branch planning must include appropriate meeting space

with up-to-date media presentation technologies to provide

the optimum support for these personal development activities.

The meeting spaces must be sized, furnished, and finished in a style

that encourages participation and learning.

Teen or Young Adult Services

Providing services and facilities that attract and engage teen

customers has become a focus for many libraries. Some of the

characteristics that mark successful Young Adult spaces include

contemporary design, fun furnishings, movable furnishings,

technology stations, and media capabilities.

The Omaha Public Library has two new branch projects that have

created exciting teen areas, the South Omaha Branch and the

Washington Branch. Both these Young Adult projects were funded

in part by the Omaha Public Library Foundation. The teen spaces

are highly visible with walls that are all or mostly glass. Computers

are essential to the credibility of any teen space. The teens should

help select their furnishings. The furnishings should be able to be

reconfigured by the teens on an ad hoc basis.

Phoenix Public Library’s Main Library has a well known and

innovative Young Adult department that could offer inspiration.

Phoenix includes small group study spaces and media presentation

capabilities.

The Maplewood branch of the Ramsey County, Minnesota, library

system is a new building that has a very interesting and more modest

E - 35

5. Facilities: Other Requirements

The draft standards include a host of requirements dealing

with facility features such as lighting, aesthetics, signage,

code requirements. These are detailed in items FA1 through

FA22 on pages 18 through 20 of the draft standards.

6. Technology: Number of Public Computers

Level # of Public Computers Per Capita

Richmond’s Projected

2031 Population

Required # of Public Computers

in 2031

A 1 per 3,000 205,117 69

AA 1 per 2,000 205,117 103

AAA 1 per 1,000 205,117 206

7. Technology: Average Wait Time for Public Computers

Level Wait Time

A 30 minutes

AA 20 minutes

AAA 10 minutes

8. Services to Targeted Groups

The library shall provide space for infants, preschool and

elementary school-age children, which includes materials,

computers, adult and child seating, and programs.

The library shall provide separate space for teenagers to

gather and study that has materials, computers, and seating.

2. Facilities: Location

Level RequirementA No more than a 20-minute driving time for residents

as an average of multiple travel time studies from: a) the edges of the service area to the nearest

available library b) between available libraries

AA No more than 15-minute driving time for residents as an average of multiple travel time studies from: a) the edges of the service area to the nearest


AAA No more than 10-minute driving time for residents as an average of multiple travel time studies from: a) the edges of the service area to the nearest


3. Facilities: Gross Square Feet of All Buildings

Level Square Feet Per Capita

(Populations of 100,001 – 500,00)

2031 Projected

Population

Required Square

Feet

A 0.6 205,117 123,070

AA 0.7 205,117 143,582

AAA 1.0 205,117 205,117

4. Facilities: Planning

Facility planning to be based on a 20-year population forecast.

F. MAIN LIBRARY

F - 1

configuration is a result of two phases, which were designed and

constructed during two different periods that characterized library

design. The original building constructed in 1920’s has a more

traditional concept of library design and planning. The library was

a gift from Mrs. James H. Dooley in memory of her husband and

erected on the site of the birth place of James Branch Cabell.

The appearance of the original building has been altered along

East Franklin with the addition of the arcade that runs the length of

the building. The exterior was traditional architecture, is consistent

with library and public institutions of its time, and has an “edifice”

orientation. The original building entrance is south of the main

entrance, is concealed behind the arcade, and is not used today as

a public entrance. The interior architecture of the original building

has been preserved and the entry sequence has a wonderful sense

of scale and ambiance - a space that was designed to inspire by its

The Main Library has a unique role to play in the health and

well-being of the overall system. The structure of the Richmond

Public Library System is that all administrative services, material

handling, and specialized collections are consolidated in this single

location. From the early stages of comparisons with benchmarked

communities, it became apparent that the distribution of building

area between the branches and the Main Library was out of balance.

This was confirmed when the service areas were established and

the team evaluated the ratio of population served to the size of the

building. The evaluation shows that, compared to the benchmark

communities, a disproportionately high percentage of the system’s

total building area is concentrated in this one location. This appears

particularly acute given the amount of people in direct proximity

to the building, parking limitations, and transportation challenges.

Discussions with community members located in each branch

library service area revealed a mixed impression of the role the Main

Library plays in the overall system. In the branch libraries that were

classified as Information Libraries, residents used the Main Library

more frequently to obtain additional computer time. At the other

end of the spectrum, the Borrower’s Libraries’ residents used the

main library for its special collections, in-depth research tools, and for

access to a greater depth and breadth of materials. Residents of these

libraries also used Henrico County or Chesterfield County libraries

more frequently.

The Main Library, as a building, is significant and plays an

essential role in the well-being of the system. The current building

F. MAIN LIBRARY

F - 2

The distribution of the collections summarizes the basic

differences in the library planning. Here the collections are

distributed throughout the space with seating integrated

adjacent and in-between the shelving, whereas in the original

building collections are disassociated from the seating areas.

The planning concepts in the 1960’s focused on more flexible

universal spaces that could be reconfigured based on a modularity

defined by the shelving. One can see this modularity expressed most

clearly in the ceiling of the second floor. The interior space of this

section is marvelous, and the natural light that is brought in through

the large windows is a rare treat. In the original design, the second

floor was open to the floor below, but in recent years enclosed study

rooms were added to meet the need for quieter spaces. The first floor

was also renovated and updated with the inclusion of the reference

desk, music collection, and small youth area. The balance of the

youth area is located on the ground floor of the original building.

Master Plan – Phase One

The commonality of all the different phases of construction is that

the technology, mechanical, and electrical infrastructures are not

consistent with the expectations of today’s users. Over the years,

improvements in electrical and mechanical infrastructure have

been threaded through the original building with varying degrees

of success. To meet the needs of the community the technology

infrastructure and supporting electrical systems require special

attention. Phase One of the master plan is trying to address this issue

at the second floor computer area. There is definite need to increase

the quantity of computers available for public use, and the goal is to

address this need within that limited area.

presence. This building was also designed in a time period when

the collections were contained in “back areas” primarily accessible

to the staff. A multi-level, self-supported range of shelving is located

in the center of the library. This shelving is efficient at holding large

quantity of material, but is not “public” friendly. Notable concerns

include its inability to meet ADA requirements, inappropriate lighting

levels, and ventilation concerns.

The 1960’s addition is consistent with best practices of good library

planning and architecture for its time period. The current building

entrance and lobby are the starting point for this addition.

The elevators and stairwells are located within this addition

and provide the vertical circulation that links the old and new.

The interior characteristics of the addition are in complete

opposition to the original building. While the original structure

has a more traditional organization and was designed around a

centralized space, the addition has decentralized the building

volume by moving it toward the exterior walls. The central portion

of the addition is program space with two stories of height located

at the perimeter. Both approaches were meant to bring natural light

into the heart of the building and to create spaces that inspire. Both

spaces try to be monumental, but each accomplishes it successfully

in completely different means.

F - 3

the building will be removed. This is a unique situation and creates

an untapped potential that can be used to deliver a unique form of

library service while remaining respectful of the existing building.

The second recommendation is to take a comprehensive look at

the overall organization of the building. As is typical of library

buildings that have experienced an addition, there are instances

where blending the pieces together creates internal inefficiencies.

Typically, we find people view expansion as additions and do not

invest in reorganization within the existing building to ensure the

two parts work seamlessly together. In our preliminary walk through,

our first impression is that this situation exists here. When you

take into account that two different library planning philosophies,

different architectural concepts, significant reductions in collections,

and the fact that different library service expectations have been

merged, it supports the view that an extensive study be performed.

The third recommendation, given the circumstances surrounding the

collection reduction and the changes in library service expectations,

is that a new vision be created for the Main Library. Richmond is

reestablishing its presence both within the state and nationally. The

library community is experiencing an evolution in how the library

experience is being delivered due to changing technologies and the

expanding role of a library within the community. The improvements

in the branch libraries will allow them to deliver more relevant

library service with greater convenience to each neighborhood.

The Main Library also has one of the larger meeting spaces available

for public use. This auditorium is located on the lowest level of the

building and is accessible from the stair and elevator. This space is

scheduled to undergo a cosmetic upgrade that includes lighting

and technology upgrades, refreshing the finishes, and new

furnishings. This modest investment will create a more pleasant

and usable facility.

Master Plan – Phase Two

The Main Library has a unique place in the Phase Two realization

of the Master Plan. The comprehensive analysis required to realize

the building’s full potential is beyond the scope of this study.

There should be a detailed existing condition study performed, and

the role of this facility should be discussed in great detail because

there is a set of very unique circumstances associated with it.

First, the recommendation of the Master Plan is for an overall

reduction in the collection from approximately 800,000 items to

570,000 items. The intent of this effort correctly supports the notion

that a smaller, higher-quality collection is more accessible to the

public and more cost-effective to maintain. The means and methods

for retaining critical resources and preserving essential references

is a strategic planning issue that the library board and staff have

taken seriously, and in which they are actively engaged. The result is

that there will be vacated space generated within the Main Library,

particularly in the original building, that will need to be repurposed.

The self-supporting shelving system of the original building in its

current configuration is not suitable for repurposing and will need

to be removed from the building. This means that a large cube of

space that was the driver for the orientation and organization of

F - 4

be to create an environment where the learning experience is taken

beyond the traditional classroom environment, and connect learning

with more active participation.

These opportunities are just a reflection of the types of potential

that exist for the Main Library beyond traditional library services.

These are not intended to displace existing critical services, but

rather create a regional draw. The commonality behind it all is to look

for new partnerships with different aspects of the art, educational,

and business communities to improve the overall well-being of the

residents. The uniqueness of this effort does require careful dialogue

and discussions, and needs a very task-specific effort.

The realization of the Phase Two Master Plan will force the Main

Library to reinvent itself in order to support the branches, rather than

competing with them.

The new vision for the Main Library might actually be found in the

roots of its original role in the community. The library as the primary

gathering point for the entire area in support of the cultural arts,

research materials, business resource center, and special collections

could establish its presence as a regional draw. The space vacated by

the antiquated shelving might create a volume within the building

that could be used for performance arts or exhibit space.

Dialogue with the business community to determine what amenities

and resources might support their business training, employee self-

improvement, and meeting facilities needs might provide a source of

income. The new concept of an emerging business center might help

attract and encourage the entrepreneurial spirit within the area. With

the ongoing demands for self-motivated professional development

and the increase in online educational opportunities, this type of

service might be integrated into such an area.

With literacy an important issue within the community, an

opportunity exists to create an experiential literacy environment

that excites children and encourages parents to make the journey

from their neighborhood to the downtown area. This could be a

combination of integrating space for the performing arts, a hands-on

museum, and nontraditional learning experiences. The goal might

Think, Innovate, Do-Library

...an emerging business center to encourage the entrepreneurial spirit

...an experiential literacy environment that excites children and encourages parents

...regional draw to support cultural arts

G. RECOMMENDATIONS

G - 1

The Richmond Public Library System is running two different

programs simultaneously: an initial investment in the branch libraries

and a look to the future with a master plan effort. Traditionally, these

two programs are not run in parallel; therefore, it is important to test

the relationship of one program against the other. It is fortunate that

the same planning and design team is involved with both programs

in order to more effectively assess their mutual impacts.

The master planning recommendations for branch libraries will be

divided into two phases. Phase One will be defined by the current

technology and renovation program using funds from the Capital

Infrastructure Improvement Program. Phase Two highlights master

planning findings that outline additional space allocations as

established by the needs assessment and library service

delivery model.

MASTER PLAN PHASE ONE

Phase One of the master plan, initiated in the fall of 2008, is currently

being executed through the Capital Infrastructure Improvement

Program. This effort focuses on improvements to all eight branch

libraries and is predicated on the need to fulfill the three library

impact statements:




The importance of these statements has become even more

relevant given the substantial changes in the economy and

corresponding need to become a more knowledge-based culture.

Libraries typically see significant increases in their services in times

of recession as people cut personal budgets, seek retraining, or

complete employment applications. This pattern is being repeated

in the Richmond Public Library System with noticeable increases

in computer use, patron use, and circulation. Due to the physical

condition of the existing branches and Main Library, the library

system is having great difficulty fully meeting these needs.

G. RECOMMENDATIONS

G - 2

Community Service Needs

Providing a library environment that says “what happens here is

important” and realizes how library users’ needs have changed is

critical to achieving the impact statements. Through our discussions

with community groups and review of use patterns, it is apparent

that changes in the interior aesthetics, configurations, and quality

of the buildings are essential; therefore, the scope of work for all

the branches will include new floor finishes, repainting, lighting

upgrades, and new furniture. These improvements will make

the libraries more user friendly and more inviting places for the

community to come together.

The expectation for Phase One work will be to bridge the gap

between existing conditions and the realization of Phase Two of the

Master Plan. Through a series of discussions, it was determined that

investments in Phase One would be divided into two categories:

transferable and non-transferable investments. Transferable

investments are those elements that, purchased in Phase One, are

likely to be transferable to Phase Two. These items are primarily

shelving, furniture, and some aspects of technology. It should

be noted that the longer the timeframe to execute Phase Two,

the more the value of these elements diminish. Non-transferable

elements are investments in the buildings, such as infrastructure

improvements, floor finishes, painting, etc. These investments have a

ten- to fifteen-year life expectancy and most likely will have reached

their usefulness by the time Phase Two is executed. Some of these

investments are good for the neighborhood and overall condition of

the built environment, while some will position the buildings to be

converted to alternate uses.

Phase One can be simplified into three overarching scopes of work:

Technology Upgrades

This aspect of the project is directly related to the technology

impact statement. Each branch library will experience an increase in

the number of computer stations and the replacement of existing

equipment. In addition, the buildings will become more laptop

friendly by providing electrical outlets and data connections at all

adult study tables and casual seating areas. A wireless environment

will provide additional Internet opportunities. In order to support this

increased electrical demand, each building will receive infrastructure

improvements.

Facility Improvements

The existing library buildings have experienced high usage with

limited funding for adequate maintenance. Also, in the time since

these buildings were constructed, there have been changes in ADA

requirements and life safety issues. Facility improvement efforts

will concentrate on ensuring that exterior building issues, life safety

issues, and infrastructure issues are strategically addressed, and that

all buildings are ADA compliant. Current funding does not allow the

library system to address all existing issues and concerns. However,

improvements will demonstrate a commitment to having these

buildings be a positive physical presence in the community.

G - 3

As part of the existing condition assessment, the team evaluated

technology conditions at each branch library. The study examined

computers, printers, wireless capabilities, network equipment,

building security systems, book security systems, audio and video

systems, and the cabling plant to support the technology in each

building. In addition to the existing conditions survey, the team

conducted information gathering sessions with city departments

such as Facilities, the Department of Information Technology,

and City Planning. Community input meetings and staff interviews

provided additional information.

As a result of the team’s findings, renovations are replacing the

following items in Phase One:

• Voice, Data, and Video Cabling (Infrastructure Replacement)

• Network Equipment Replacement (Switches)

• Wireless Access Upgrade (Wireless Controller)

• Book Security Replacement (Protection of Collection)

• Computer Replacement (Additional Computers, Public & Staff)

• Printer Replacement (Update of Printers)

• Phone Upgrade (Phone Sets Only for VOIP system)

• New Audio and Video System in Meeting rooms (Projector and Sound System)

• Building Security (Cameras)

The Phase One process is well under way with the schematic design

phase for all facilities to be completed in May 2009. Following the

completion of schematic design, the projects are scheduled to move

forward through the traditional architectural and bidding process.

The projects will be released to the construction industry in four

groups of two buildings, each over a three-year period. The goal is to

package the projects in such a fashion that smaller, local contractors

have an equal opportunity to participate. Libraries that are under

construction will be closed for approximately six months. The library

will strategically select the closings in such a manner that adjacent

libraries can absorb the increased traffic, minimizing disruption

as much as possible.

TECHNOLOGY

Because technology is such an important part of Phase One,

we find it necessary to discuss the current state of the library

system’s infrastructure and the improvements which are occurring.

The branch libraries are currently connected to the main server farm

in the city building via T1 leased lines. The Department of Information

Technology (DIT) is planning to update the T1 connections to a MPLS

meshed network. This project is being completed in conjunction with

other city and government buildings. In addition, the library and city

are in the process of updating the phone systems in all city buildings.

The phone system will be a Cisco VOIP system with true redundant

communication managers located at the city hall. The library and city

are undergoing an ILS upgrade with server replacements and software

updates to help improve the library’s database system.

G - 4

The current population of Richmond is 195,000 persons and the

projected population growth for 2031 is approximately 205,000

persons. This is only a 5% increase in the population. Based on a

population of 205,000 persons, the current branch libraries need

to be increased by 32,000 square feet distributed throughout eight

locations. The space needs for the branches should be increased by

60% to meet this need, but the critical issue is that, based on the

current population of 195,000, the existing branches are already

undersized by 49%. In addition to the necessary Phase One upgrades,

there is also a need for additional building area now. Experience

has shown that in facilities that have undergone a renovation of the

Phase One type, library use will increase by 25%-50%, making this

apparent shortage of space more acute.

What does this mean? It means that library improvements will

allow each branch to service more people, deliver better service,

and become a more integral part of each neighborhood. It will also

result in neighborhoods enjoying these services and increasing

pressures to move forward with achieving the Master Plan due to

significant increase in use. Success breeds success, and Phase One of

the Master Plan will set the stage for Phase Two.

Achieving the space needs for Phase Two of the Master Plan will

require time and discipline. There have been three branch library

sizes developed for Phase 2: 13,000 square feet, 10,000 square feet,

and 8,000 square feet. The current average size of the branches is

6,702 square feet, typically located on sites that are currently at

MASTER PLAN PHASE TWO

Phase Two of the Master Plan is designed to meet the needs of the

Richmond Public Library System through the year 2031 and beyond.

Detailed information about sizing criteria is delineated in the needs

assessment section of this report. Part of the design team’s charge

was to evaluate the system and make recommendations for alternate

ways to provide library service. The current system, which consists of

a Main Library, eight branch libraries, and one area of the community

supported by Chesterfield County, has ten service areas within a

relatively small physical geographic area. This is a less efficient and

costly means of delivering library service and it was our charge to

evaluate and make recommendations to address this concern.

Consolidating the existing eight branches into three or four larger

regional branches, similar to Chesterfield or Henrico Counties, is a

more efficient way to deliver library service. After careful consideration,

this approach does not make sense for the Richmond system for

three reasons:

• The natural and man-made physical divisions have created distinct service areas comprised of different types of neighborhoods;

• The library has grown organically over the years and has become integrated into the fabric of the local communities;

• The library has a brand or identity that is truly Richmond-like and to change that would contradict the personality of Richmond.

Rather than executing changes for the sake of pure efficiency, we are

recommending taking the strength of the system and making it more

efficient and meaningful to the community.

G - 5

accommodate the projected building area size, plus an additional

fifteen percent of landscaping property, excluding setback and

easements. They will also need to provide one parking space for

approximately every three hundred square feet of building area.

Parking spaces will require approximately 450 square feet per

parking space. This amount of square footage would represent the

minimum site area. It would be our recommendation to find a site

that would allow a 50% increase in building area and corresponding

parking for future expansion. This would help ensure that the

needs of future generations could be met without relocation. The

configuration of the site should be a simple rectangle or square;

unusual configurations will increase the amount of site area required.

For buildings of this small size, a two-story building has long-term

operational costs that we recommend avoiding. Also, the small

footprint would add an additional 10% of gross building area to

accomplish the same program in a 2-story building.

maximum capacity. The proposed new branches, although similar

in size, are not intended to represent a cookie cutter approach.

There have been three different library service models developed:

Information Library, Balanced Library, and Borrower’s Library.

These three models were developed based on conversations with

neighborhood groups, demographic evaluations, five year use

patterns, and need. The intent is to capture the personality and need

of the community and establish the right size and type of library in

the correct location.

Finding property for libraries is one of the most difficult and

controversial pieces of executing a Master Plan. Neighborhoods are

comfortable with the current locations and are hesitant to change.

The cost of property can also be a challenge. The first preference

is for libraries to remain in their present locations if possible,

unless there are limitations or a preference of the neighborhood

that preclude this, and suggests land acquisition adjacent to some

current library sites.

The following is a brief assessment of the Master Plan approach

to addressing each individual site location and a list of potential

options for addressing space allocations. New sites would need to

G - 6

Recommended Size for Branches

BranchExisting Size

(In SF)Proposed Size

(in SFParking Needed

(# of Spaces) Total Site Required

(In SF)Suggested Site Area

(In SF)

Belmont 7,365 13,000 46 34,000 50,700

Broad Rock 7,391 13,000 46 34,000 50,700

East End 6,271 10,000 37 26,650 38,500

Ginter Park 6,515 8,000 30 21,500 31,500

Hull Street 6,620 8,000 30 21,500 31,500

North Avenue 6,543 10,000 37 26,650 38,500

West End 7,510 13,000 46 34,000 50,700

Westover Hills 5,407 13,000 46 34,000 50,700

The calculations for the Total Site Required take into account the minimum amount of site space needed to achieve the recommendations of this

master plan. Good library planning practices suggest the need to prepare for future growth. Therefore, this report recommends the acquisition of

enough additional space – shown here as Suggested Site Area – to accommodate a 50% increase in building size and parking in later years.

G - 7

BROAD ROCK

The proposed new library is a 13,000-square-foot Balanced Library.

The existing building is 7,391 square feet and is located on

approximately 55,000 square feet of site with access to parking

associated with the park area. Parking for this size of building

would be 46 spaces. The total site area required would be

approximately 34,000 square feet.

Potential Solution• Retain the existing building and provide an addition of

approximately 6,000 square feet. The addition will trigger renovation and reorganization of the existing building. The reconfiguration of the existing parking and site circulation will be required.

EAST END

The proposed new library is to be a 10,000-square-foot Information

Library. The existing building is 6,271 square feet. Parking for this size

building would be 37 spaces. The total site area required would be

approximately 26,650 square feet. There was some discussion with the

community that a new location should be considered.

A recommended site would accommodate a 50% increase in building

floor area and parking, and would total 38,500 square feet.

BELMONT

The proposed building is a 13,000-square-foot Borrower’s Library.

The existing building is 7,365 square feet. The current library site is at

maximum capacity and will not be able to fulfill the space needs, but

the proximity to Carytown is exceptional. The existing structure, given

its age and nature, most likely would not be a candidate for expansion

if adjoining property was available, but a more detailed evaluation is

warranted. Parking for this size of building would be 46 spaces. The

total site area required without provisions for future expansion would

be approximately 34,000 square feet for a single-story building and

28,000 square feet for a two-story building.


floor area and parking, and would total 50,700 square feet.

Potential Solutions• Acquire additional property adjacent to the existing library

building of approximately twice the size of the existing building. The most likely scenario would involve replacing the existing building with a single-story structure and additional parking.

• Find a vacant single-story building of 13,000 square feet with adequate parking in a location in close proximity to the current library location.

• Acquire property to construct the new library with parking. This could be either vacant property or existing structures that need replacement.

• Acquire additional property adjacent to the existing building for additional parking, demolish the existing building, and build a two-story new library.

G - 8

is relocated per the master plan recommendation, then the size of

this library may migrate to the 10,000-square-foot model, but remain

an Information Library. The total site area for the 8,000-square-foot

branch would be approximately 21,500 square feet.


floor area and parking, and would be 31,350 square feet.


building to expand the building and provide parking for 30 cars.

• Find a vacant single-story building of 8,000-10,000 square feet that is suitable for conversion to a library and has adequate parking.

• Acquire an appropriately-sized property to construct the new library and provide adequate parking. This could be either vacant property or existing structures that need replacement.

NORTH AVENUE LIBRARY

The proposed new library is to be a 10,000-square-foot Information

Library. The existing building is 6,543 square feet and has adequate

parking for its size. The existing site will not provide adequate

space for the necessary building expansion and parking. If property

adjacent to the library would be acquired, the existing building

might not be suitable for expansion. The total site area required

would be approximately 26,650 square feet.


building of approximately twice the size of the existing parcel of land.

• Acquire a 10,000-square-foot single-story building that is suitable for library use.


GINTER PARK

The proposed new library is to be an 8,000-square-foot Balanced

Library. The existing building is 6,515 square feet, of which 1,110

square feet is the vacant bookmobile facilities. It is the intent in

Phase One to convert the bookmobile space to a meeting room and

staff area. The existing site and building are acceptable for expansion

to the desired size.

Potential Solution• Provide an addition of approximately 1,500 square feet and

make site adjustments to add parking for five cars.

HULL STREET

The proposed new library is to be an 8,000-square-foot Information

Library. The existing building is 6,620 square feet and has a shortage

of parking. The final size of this library may change depending on the

execution of the Westover Hills solution. If the Westover Hills Library

G - 9

library located to the west in the Stratford Hills neighborhood,

the recommendation would be to locate the library farther to the

west along Forest Hill. Parking for this size of building would be 46

spaces. The total site area required would be approximately 33,700

square feet.



Potential Solutions• Find a vacant single-story building of 13,000 square feet with

adequate parking.


• The Library Board should consider relocating the current library branch to more adequately serve the community.

TECHNOLOGY

As we look ahead to the technology needs of the Richmond Public

Library System, we can gain insight from the past. In the last several

years, processor speeds have greatly increased, leading to a need for

greater bandwidth and faster network connectivity. The number of

applications running across any network has also grown, as building

systems, security systems, and other applications are now controlled

by computers.




building to expand the building and provide parking for 37 cars.

• Acquire a single-story 10,000-square-foot building that is suitable for library use and is located near a bus route.


WEST END

The proposed new library is to be a 13,000-square-foot Borrower’s


parking. With the recent acquisition of the adjacent property there is

enough site area to satisfy the building and site needs.

Potential Solution• Conduct a detailed study to evaluate whether or not to retain the

existing building. A very preliminary evaluation suggests that a new facility should be constructed.

WESTOVER HILLS

The proposed new library is to be a 13,000-square-foot Borrower’s


parking, but the current site is unable to meet the requirements of

the Master Plan. Given the nature of the site and the lack of a branch

G - 10

It would be our recommendation to look at this option and

potentially start the planning process for the fiber connections.

The creation of a Wide Area Network sometimes can take a year

or more.

COST

Capital Improvement

The capital improvement costs contained in this master plan assume

that new construction will be approximately $300/SF. For example,

an 8,000-square-foot library would cost approximately $2.5 million.

This number includes:

• Site development costs

• Building construction costs

• Furniture

• Technology and equipment

• Permits

• Engineering fees

This number does not include the cost to acquire the land, inflation,

or the acquisition of a Wide Area Network for the entire system.

Over the next ten to twenty years, technology will continue to evolve

at a rapid pace. It is said that processor speeds double every 3 to 6

months. In this environment, planning for the future is crucial.

Our recommendation includes a plan for technology upgrades every

3 to 5 years. However, we also recommend building a robust wide

area network that the city would own. This network could be a fiber

ring around the city which would connect the library system, as well

as other City facilities.

The existing centralized server farm and network located at the city

offices provide a foundation for this effort. While establishing a fiber

network to provide connectivity within the city would require a

significant amount of effort, the long-range nature of the Master Plan

provides an ideal venue for examining this option.

What would such an option offer the city and the library system?

A robust network would encourage growth and connectivity.

There would also be potential cost savings associated with such

a system. The city currently leases T1 connections from carriers.

After the city-owned network is installed, these monthly lease

costs would be eliminated. Most fiber rings pay for themselves

in 5 to 7 years.

G - 11

Cost Summary

The table below is a summation of the capital improvement costs

for the master plan and a fiber linked Wide Area Network. Costs

are given in 2009 values and will need to be updated for inflation.

Assumptions in site acquisitions will need to be updated based upon

a more detailed survey of property availability and pricing.

Projected Capital Improvement Cost

Branch Site Cost Construction Cost

WAN Cost Total

Belmont $ 350,000 $ 3,900,000 $ 150,000 $ 4,400,000

Broad Rock $ 0 $ 2,000,000 $ 306,000 $ 2,306,000

East End $ 350,000 $ 3,000,000 $ 115,600 $ 3,465,600

Ginter Park $ 0 $ 550,000 $ 272,000 $ 832,000

Hull Street $ 350,000 $ 2,400,000 $ 100,000 $ 2,850,000

North Avenue $ 350,000 $ 3,000,000 $ 136,000 $ 3,486,000

West End $ 360,000 $ 3,900,000 $ 306,000 $ 4,266,000

Westover Hills $ 350,000 $ 3,900,000 $ 204,000 $ 4,454,000

$2,110,000 $22,650,000 $1,589,000 $26,059,600

Operational Costs

Staffing costs represent the most significant long-term expenditure

that the library system will encounter. Based on the projected

size increases for each individual branch, we would not expect

an increase in staffing due to the increase in building size.

The $300/SF figure represents the cost of a practical, functional, and

environmentally-appropriate library that will effectively offer library

service for several generations. The figure is based on 2009 pricing

and will need to be adjusted for inflation, particularly since the start

date for most projects is likely 10 years in the future. It also assumes

that new construction building costs and site development costs

would preclude unusual circumstances such as poor soil conditions.

By providing cost estimates based on new construction, we are not

implying that this is the only option. The renovation of appropriately

located and substantial existing buildings is a highly viable, if not a

preferred, solution.

As mentioned before, land acquisition costs and inflation costs

are not included in the $300/SF estimate. For this study, we have

assumed that land acquisition costs will average $350,000 per site.

This number will vary by location and will require a more detailed

investigation. Inflation will also have an impact on land acquisition

costs, which could rise by up to 3% per year.

Technology Infrastructure

The technology master plan suggests that infrastructure connecting

the system’s Wide Area Network be linked by fiber. The average cost

for a fiber network is approximately $25,000 per mile. Execution of

a fiber network should be coordinated with other city functions to

minimize infrastructure and operational costs.

G - 12

MOVING FORWARD

Phase One of the Master Plan should move forward on the current

schedule with some minor adjustments based on the Phase Two

implications. The investigations into the future of the Main Library are

of a very preliminary nature and this structure is of such importance

that a more detailed feasibility study is warranted. With the reduction

in collections, there will be additional building area that can be

repurposed to better serve the arts community, local business

community, and the City of Richmond.

A strategy should be developed for future land acquisitions.

Experience has shown that site selections, particularly relocating a

library, can be controversial within a community. If the decision is

made to maintain buildings in their current locations, particularly

Belmont, then dialogue with adjacent property owners should

be started. In the case of Westover Hills, the site selection process

could begin at any point in time because it most likely will require

community dialogue. The Westover Hills site selection process does

impact Hull Street’s future location and potential size.

Operational costs would be impacted if the improvements led to

an increase in the number of hours the buildings were open to the

public. In our experience, with each facility improvement there is an

increase in community use, which equates to more materials being

circulated and more programming. We are anticipating a significant

increase in use as the Phase One improvements are made; therefore,

it would be reasonable to expect an additional 20% increase in

community use for each branch library as they come on line.

The current collection for the system is approximately 800,000

volumes, while the Master Plan recommends a smaller collection

of 570,000 volumes that focuses on quality versus quantity.

Expenditures for collections will be less impacted by Phase Two

of the Master Plan than by collection development strategies.

Once Phase Two of the master plan has been realized, there will be

an additional 35,000 square feet of building area, which is a 65%

increase in the amount of building area dedicated to the branches.

The additional floor area and technology will increase operational

costs for each facility, even with higher energy performance practices

integrated into building designs. For conservative budgeting

purposes, we suggest that the library system should anticipate a 65%

increase in the utility costs for the branch libraries.

G - 13

In conjunction with developing a more detailed plan, there will

need to be a corresponding funding plan put into place. With the

Master Plan completed and direction established, there may be more

opportunities for donor participation and fundraising campaigns.

Given the overall dollar scope, the Master Plan will need to be

executed in a phased manner after the completion of Phase One.

The first level of funding appropriations should be aimed toward

site selection so that over the next several years action can be taken

when opportunities are presented.

PHASE II SHORT TERM ACTION PLAN – BRANCH LIBRARIES

• Establish a committee to initiate and execute the site evaluation and selection process

• Engage the services of a real estate expert for consultation purposes

• Develop a list of objectives and priorities for each individual branch location

• Develop a site selection matrix and evaluation process

• Establish site selection boundaries appropriate for each branch library location

• Refine land acquisition costs based on properties within boundaries or specific properties

PHASE II SHORT TERM ACTION PLAN – MAIN LIBRARY

• Commission a feasibility study for the main library

Inform, Enrich, Empower

Bid #:

Question # Received Response

1 1/22/2019 1/22/2019

Attachment #1 - RFP #M190011228 Dated: January 22, 2019

Subject Matter

Requesting copy of Master Plan developed in 2008.

Questions Log

Project: M190011228City of Richmond Library, Library Design / Master Planning

Documents

V{tÜÄxá `A Â`|~xÊ ZtÜtáv|t · Mr. Gregory A. Forman, Chair Mrs. Clare Osdene Schapiro, Vice Chair Mr. Peter Blake Mrs. Elizabeth S. Bolin Mr. Shennen L. Dean Mrs. Brenda Drew,