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Vermont Public Service Board Sound Rule Workshop December 2, 2016 Montpelier Room at the Capitol Plaza Hotel 100 State Street, Montpelier, Vermont

VT PSB Noise Rule Presentation Final 2Dec2016

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

December2,2016MontpelierRoomattheCapitolPlazaHotel

100StateStreet,Montpelier,Vermont

Presenter:StephenE.Ambrose,ASA,INCEBoardCertifiedSEAmbrose&Assoc,Windham,Maine04062Acoustics,EnvironmentalSound&NoiseControl

Experience:Startedin1976;listenfirst,…thensoundmeasurementsLGCopley&Assoc,Stone&WebsterEngineering,ShawGroupDesignGoal;RequireClientstobeGoodAcousticNeighbors,

KnowWhyNeighborsComplain,andHoldParamountPublicHealth,SafetyAndWellbeing

Today;listenfirst,…thensoundmeasurements

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 2

ASimpleConversationAboutWindTurbineNoise

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 3

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

WhyAreNeighbors

Complaining?

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

TooLoud!

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

SoundsAwful!(lowfrequency&infrasound)

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

ShirleyWindresidentstestified thattheyandtheirchildrenhavesufferedsevereadversehealtheffects,forcinghomeabandonment.Theyattributetheirproblemstoarrivalofthewindturbines.

--------Duringthesoundsurvey,GeorgeHessler,INCE notedthatababystartedcryingshortlyafterarrivingattheabandonedhome.

Ref:ACooperativeMeasurementSurveyandAnalysisofLowFrequencyandInfrasoundattheShirleyWindFarminBrownCounty,Wisconsin– 24Dec2012

SoundsAwful!(lowfrequency&infrasound)

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 7

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Ref:ACooperativeMeasurementSurveyandAnalysisofLowFrequencyandInfrasoundattheShirleyWindFarminBrownCounty,Wisconsin– 24Dec2012)

Dr.PaulShomer,etal,Dec21,2012

I)Observationsfromdiscussionswithresidents: (page46,item5)

Residents of the nearest house reported that their baby son, now 2 years old, would wake up 4 times a night screaming. This totally stopped upon their leaving* the vicinity of the wind turbines, and he now sleeps 8 hours and awakens happy. * abandoned their home

Fix?

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 8

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Must,…ProtectNeighborsMinimizeAdverseHumanResponses

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 9

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

How?

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 10

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

LowerdBALimit

usePublishedStudies

& Standards

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

MakeComplianceEasytoAssessandMeasure,…

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 12

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Long-termAverage?

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 13

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

No,…

AveragesHide!!!(nextchart)

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

PeopleReacttoChangesInSoundLevels,FrequencyContent,

PureTones,Infrasound,PressureImpulses

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 16

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

AspreviouslyshownwithVermont’s

ACT250Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 17

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Act250

EnvironmentalBoard(EB)&AgencyofNaturalResources(ANR)

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 18

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

ACT250,ListeningisImportant

Peoplehearinstantaneouspeakvariationsabovebackgroundandrespondaccordingly

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 19

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

VermontSupremeCourt

Ruled:Act250caseinvolvingnoise;

LmaxmoreappropriatethanLeq

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Findings;

Whenasoundsourceisvariable,andespeciallywhenhigherthanthenormalbackground,

Thehigherlevelsaffectpeople,

Therefore, Lmaxtheproperprotectivestandard

ACT250,ListeningisImportant

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 21

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

ACT250InstantaneousMaximumRelativetoBackground

LAmax– LA90≤ 10dB(TurbinesON)(NoTurbines)

(AmbientBackground)Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 22

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 23

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

BackgroundAmbient?

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 24

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Easy,…

ISO1996-1971ANSIS12.9,Part4

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

DistrictTypeDaytimeLimit(7AM– 7PM)

EveningLimit(7-11PM)

Nightlimit(11PM– 7AM)

Rural 35dB(A) 30dB(A) 25dB(A)Suburban 40dB(A) 35dB(A) 30dB(A)

Urbanresidential 45dB(A) 40dB(A) 35dB(A)UrbanMixed 50dB(A) 45dB(A) 40dB(A)

ISO1996-1971Recommendations forCommunityNoiseLimits

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 26

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

DistrictTypeDaytimeLimit(7AM– 7PM)

EveningLimit(7-11PM)

Nightlimit(11PM– 7AM)

Rural 35dB(A) 30dB(A) 25dB(A)Suburban 40dB(A) 35dB(A) 30dB(A)

Urbanresidential 45dB(A) 40dB(A) 35dB(A)UrbanMixed 50dB(A) 45dB(A) 40dB(A)

ISO1996-1971Recommendations forCommunityNoiseLimits

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 27

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

>VermontRidgeLineWindTurbineSite<

ANSIS12.9,Part4Aquietruralareawithnewunfamiliarintrusivenoisesource,outdoorsnightaverageshouldnotexceed;

(F.3.4.1) 30dBAforcompatibility(F.3.4.2) 35dBAformarginalcompatibility

>VermontRidgeLineWindTurbineSites<Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 28

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

ANSIS12.9,Part4Anewunfamiliarindustrialnoisesourceshouldbe

consideredincompatible whensitedinaquietruralarea

Canproduceannoyanceequivalentto15dBincrease abovemeasuredorpredictedlevels

>VermontRidgeLineWindTurbineSites<Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 29

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

ANSIS12.9,Part4Anewunfamiliarindustrialnoisesourceshouldbe

consideredincompatible whensitedinaquietruralarea

Canproduceannoyanceequivalentto15dBincrease abovemeasuredorpredictedlevels

>VermontRidgeLineWindTurbineSites<Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 30

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

USEPAprovidedthissameassessmentintheir1973CommunityNoiseand1974LevelsDocument.

WindMasking?

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

No,…WindDoesNotMask!

supportedby:ANSIS12.9-2005,Part4

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Masking;ANSIS12.9-2005,Part4, (A.1.3)

Maskingoccurswhenthethresholdofdetectionofonesoundisraisedbyanothersound

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 33

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Masking;ANSIS12.9-2005,Part4,A.1.3

Maskingoccurswhenthethresholdofdetectionofonesoundisraisedbyanothersound.Maskinglevelsvary,withcompletemaskingresultingininaudibility.

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 34

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Masking;ANSIS12.9-2005,Part4,A.1.3Maskingoccurswhenthethresholdofdetectionofonesoundisraisedbyanothersound.Maskinglevelsvary,withcompletemaskingresultingininaudibility. Time

varyingsoundsandspectralcontentmayrequireupto

20dB differencebetweensoundsources

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 35

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

ANSIS12.9(2013),Part3

7.3 On/Off testrequirestheoperatortofullycooperate

andshut-downnoisesources

(AllturbineSCADAinfo at >80% electric-poweroutput)Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 36

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

HowtoEstablishBackgroundAmbientL90

2AMMeasurements

LmaxON>40to45dBA

BackgroundL90=28dBA

NotatFullElec-Pwr Out

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 37

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

ANSIS12.9(2013),Part3

7.4.2.(a) “Proxy”testatalocationwithoutnoisesource

(noneedforshut-down)

HowtoEstablishBackgroundAmbientL90

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

WhatAboutNoiseandHealth?

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Wellresearched,Presentedin

WHO2009Publication

WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshopLAeq NightOutside WHO2009ObservedHealthEffects

Upto30dBANOEL Nosubstantialbiologicaleffects,noobservedeffectlevel

30to40dBAAffectssleep,bodymovements,awakening,self-reportedsleepdisturbance,arousals,vulnerablegroups;children,chronicallyill&elderlyaremoresusceptibletoadversehealtheffects;AHEs.

40dBALOAEL Nightnoiseguideline(NNG),lowestobservedadverseeffectlevel forthegeneralpopulation.

40to55dBA AHEsareobservedandmanyhavetoadaptlivestocopewithnoiseatnight.Vulnerablegroupsaremoreseverelyaffected.

Above55dBAIncreasinglydangerousforpublichealth.AHEsoccurfrequently;sizeableproportionofpopulationhighlyannoyedandsleep-disturbed;increasedriskofcardiovasculardisease.

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 41

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

LAeqNightOutside

WHO2009ObservedHealthEffects

Upto30dBANOELNosubstantialbiologicaleffects,noobservedeffectlevel

30 to40

dBA

Affectssleep,bodymovements,awakening,self-reportedsleepdisturbance,arousals,vulnerablegroups;children,chronicallyill&elderlyaremoresusceptibletoadversehealtheffects;AHEs.

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 42

WHO2009

NightNoiseGuidelines

forEurope

ISBN9789289041737

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 43

Infrasound?

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 44

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Eachslideisveryconvincing,…

isthereaneasywaytoshow?

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 45

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Yes,…

USEPA“LevelsDocument”withthecautionaryadvisorybyDr.KenEldred(AppendixD,1974),

& supportedbyotherresearchersandinvestigators

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 46

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Community Noise Reaction

• USEPA “Levels Document”, 1974

• Pedersen & Waye, 2004

• Hayes McKenzie Group, 2006 (Draft Report Before Wind Advocate Revisions)

• Kemperman/James, 2008

• WHO Health Effects Night, 2009

• Dan Driscoll (Formerly w/NYDEQ), 2009

• Rand/Ambrose, 2010

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 47

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Theseresearchersandinvestigatorslistened,…

Hear asaneighbor,…(nextchart)

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Vermont

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 50

Vermont

Suicide?AbandonHome

<<<ARealProblemExists!!!

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 51

Whyarewindturbinepredictionnoisemodels

ineffective?

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 52

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Inthelate1980s*,windbegantoinfluenceprofessionalorganizations,internationalstandards,…putintopracticespecificwindturbineprocedures,protocols,methods,...

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 53

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Thereby,reducingthenoiselevelrequirementsforprotectingpublichealthandwell-being.

*onlymyopinion

NoisepredictorsuseLeqstohideworst-caseLmax,whichneighborshear

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 54

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Imaginethispresentation,…a10-minLeqstraightredline,

vs

fluctuations ˃10dBDramaticallyDifferent!!!

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 55

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

NoiseRecommendations?

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 56

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

ThinkAboutNeighbors Whattheyhearandlivewith

Compatibility (ANSI12.9,Part5)

Trustindependentnoisestudies thatdonotfavorwindturbines.

VermontAct250:Lmax– L90≤10Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 57

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

RecommendationsCriticalhours areatnight:

Establishfordesignpurposes;Ambientbaseline:L90<25dBANowindmasking

PredictionsandMeasurementsWindturbineoperationcompliance,

Lmax<35dBA& Leq<32dBADec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 58

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

ConsistentWith

ACT250

HowAboutSetbackDistance

Recommendations?

Dec2,2016 VermontersforaCleanEnvironment 59

VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

Easy,…Europe:Poland,Bavaria

10timestotalheight(tower+bladelength)

Mass:CapeCodCommission10timesbladediameter

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VermontPublicServiceBoardSoundRuleWorkshop

December2,2016

AppreciationtoINCEMembers;RichardJames&RobertRand

Thank YouFor

Listening

Time ForYour

Questions