VSL NEWSISSUE TWO 1995

Editorial

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VSL in North America: a succesful combination oflocal expertise and group resources

VSL Corporation has always played aleading role in the development of

post-tensioning and related activities inNorth America. From the outset in 1966, ithas participated in some of the region'smost exciting projects such as the SevenMile bridge in the Florida Keys, the H3North Halawa Valley Viaduct in Hawaii andthe Muscone Center in San Francisco,California.

VSL Corporation has also developedseveral very successful areas of diversification, such as VSL RetainedEarthTM, which is one of the most widelyused earth retaining systems in NorthAmerica today.

expertise are being continuously impro-ved and efficiently applied, we created inRaleigh a Technical Centre (one of threeworld-wide) staffed by a team of expe-rienced multi-disciplined engineers andtechnical assistants. This investmentrepresents a unique competitive advan-tage and enables us to offer our clients awide range of work, optimised designand tailored construction methods.

Innovative strategies: Our goal is to bethe leading American SpecialistContractor by:

identifying projects at the earliest possible stage to suggest the best design, application or construction method,

working closely with our clients to addthe most value,

taking advantage of the group worldwide resources and technical capabilities.

The satisfaction of our clients and thededication of our people confirm that theefforts we have produced in the last twoyears are paying off.

In the last few years, to consolidate ourleadership in this specialist market, wehave set up a new organization andimplemented innovative strategies:

A new organisation: In 1994, we movedthe head office to Raleigh, NC and formedfour profit centres to cover the UnitedStates: San Jose, CA; Dallas, TX;Springfield, VA; and Miami, FL. Projects inother areas such as Canada, CentralAmerica, Mexico, and the Caribbean beingco-ordinated through the Raleigh office.At the same time, to ensure that ourknowledge and technical

The United States has always been afantastic and exciting market in which

to do business not only because of its sizeand vitality but also because of its techni-cal and marketing requirements.

The enthusiasm of our clients on someparticularly demanding projects such asthe MGM-Bally's Monorail System,demonstrates that VSL Corporation'ssuccess lies in the combination of locallymotivated and responsible people andthe Group's technical resources.

Since 1966, VSL Corporation has delivered outstanding service to theAmerican Construction Industry. Today,America has drastically changed. WithNAFTA, the GATT and the internationali-sation of our business environments, theUS market is closely intertlinked with therest of the world. By taking advantage ofthe worldwide network of VSL's affiliatesand the tremendous resources of the VSLGroup, VSL Corporation has successfullytaken up the challenge and is now wellequipped to position itself as The Spe-cialist Contractor in the Americas.

Michel MaitreCEO and Chairman of the Broad

3 VSL's add value to North America's most prestigious projects

7 VSL's Technical Centers turn research into a reality

8 VSL's PT to reduce floor to floor heights

10 The Central Gymnasium of Osaka, Japan

12 A remarkable performance of VSL in Germany

14 VSL's PT especially suitable for circular concrete structures

15 VSL performed the post-tensioning the world's largestfloating conrete structure.

Front Cover:The new Chesapeake & Delaware (C& D)Canal Bridge opened on December 2nd,1995. Main Span 229 m. Stay cables andpost-tensioning provided by VSL.

Andrew Payne Regional Chief Executive OfficerOperating Unit III

Highlights of this Issue:

USA

VSL adds value to north America’s most prestigious bridge projects

H-3 North HalawaValley Viaduct

Northumberland Strait Bridge

The bridge which crosses TheNorthumberland Strait at its narrowest

point will have a total length of 12.9 kmand will run from Jourmain Island, NewBrunswick to Borden, Prince EdwardIsland. It will be 11 m wide from guardrailto guardrail which includes one trafficlane and one emergency shoulder ineach direction. The bridge will be typical-ly 40 m off the water with a 60 m highnavigation span. The Bridge is a singlecell concrete box girder consisting of a 1275 m long approach on the NewBrunswick side, a 11080 m long mainbridge, and a 555 m long approach on thePrince Edward Island side.

The H-3 North Halawa Valley Viaducton the Island of Oahu in Hawaii is

composed of parallel elevated structureseach approximately 1678 m long and12.5 m wide. The structures are castin-place, post-tensioned, concrete box girders constructed by the cantilevermethod. The longest span is 40 m witheach structure divided into six span fra-mes. Kiewit Pacific Company (KPC) wasawarded the contract in the summer of1991. KPC used VSL alternative designwhich reduced the number of segmentsto be cast by a third. VSL designed andfurnished three erection gantries that supported and advanced the form travelers.Segment lengths were 7.3 m.

The approach bridge spans are typically93 m and are being erected in cantileverusing an overhead gantry from seg-ments which are being precast in a yardin New Brunswick. The main bridge iscomposed of 43 x 250 m spans whichare being cast in a yard in Borden. Themain spans will be built using just veryfive massive prefabricated elements,pier base, pier shaft, match cast seg-ment, main girder, and drop-in girder.The heaviest and largest element is themain girder which weighs nearly 8000 t.All elements will be place offshore usingSvanen which is a marine heavy liftingvessel.

VSL also did the structure redesign andprovided the post-tensioning. The project was completed in early 1995.

Steve RuelVSL Corporation, San Jose, CA

the Northumberland Strait Bridgeunder construction

The Bridge is a design, build and opera-te project and will be funded by toll reve-nue plus the annual ,ferry,, subsidiesfrom the Canadian Government becau-se the existing ferry will be eliminated.

The team responsible for the bridgeconsists of Strait Crossing, Inc.,Northern Construction, GTMI (Canada)Inc., and Ballast Nedam CanadaLimited. J. Muller International/StanleyJ.V. is the designer.

The project will use 13000 t of prestres-sing steel in tendon configurations ran-ging from 6-4 to 6-43 and incorporatesVSL CS-Anchorages 6-19 6-22, 6-31,and 6-37. Durability is a key issue in thevery harsh North Atlantic marine envi-ronment. The project is being built enti-rely from 55 MPa silica fume concrete.Likewise, all post-tensioning tendons arebeing grouted with a special grout mixincorporating silica fume. Additionally,VSL PT PLUS Duct is being used for thetransverse deck tendons and for the pierbase tendons.

When the Northumberland Strait Bridgeis completed in 1997 it will serve as avital fixed link between Prince EdwardIsland and the Canadian Mainland.

John CriglerVSL Corporation, Raleigh,NC

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USA

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Containments and Repairs showcase VSL expertise

Foxhall Condiminium Repair Nears Completion

The turnkey repair of the FoxhallCondominium is projected to be

completed by the spring of 1996. Sincethe early 1980's VSL has been involvedin hundreds of projects relating to therepair and retrofit of post-tensionedstructures. By far the largest of theseefforts is the Foxhall Condominium thathas been

Construction is currently underway inDenver, Colorado, on the 16 million

litre capacity Hogback reservoir. Theoverall dimensions of the structure are54 m inside diameter by 7 m high.

undergoing repair since mid-1992.Originally constructed in 1972, theFoxhall is a 13 level concrete frame witha supported area of 34 200 m2 thathouses 126 luxury condominium units.

This project started as a surveillance jobwhere VSL investigated the condition of

The engineer of record, BatesEngineering Incorporated, requiredenhanced and maximum corrosion pro-tection of the post-tensioning systemsthroughout the service life of the structu-re. Therefore, the CP+ monostrand sys-tem is being provided for the membranefloor, VSL PT PLUS duct with CS ancho-rages for the wall horizontally and floorring beam, and VSL PT Plus duct withSO anchorages for the wall verticallyand the flat plate roof.

The wall is cast in twelve individual seg-ments including six with stressing

several tendons anchored in balconyslab edges. It quickly became apparentthat a balcony precast to slab edgeconnection had been contaminated bywater intrusion. This condition was typi-cal throughout the structure and even-tually resulted in VSL's repairing 2100balcony edge anchorages. Another 1100 tendons were repaired in other loca-tions such as the roof, basement, andfirst floor plaza.

VSL had an excellent relationship withboth the Foxhall CondominiumAssociation and the Engineer, RobertTheobald & Associates, and was thusplaced to assume the role of primecontractor when the need arose. Assuch, VSL had the responsibility for avariety of items outside the normalscope of work in a post-tension repair,such as slab waterproofing, power was-hing, masonry and brick erection, andexposed aggregate treatments.

Hank Cronin VSL Corporation, Washington, D. C.

Hogback Reservoirpilasters; the membrane floor and roof areeach cast in a single pour to eliminate theconstruction and serviceability difficultiesassociated with the construction joints.

The scope of VSL's services includesplacing the post-tensioning systems and

mild steel reinforcement in addition tosupplying the post-tensioning systems.

Vaughn PharesVSL Corporation Dallas, TX

PT construction. The structure is expectedto open in the second quarter of 1996.

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VSL promotes bonded PT for buildings in USA

Hahnemann Parking Garage

VSL has received the 1995 Grand Prizefor Engineering and Material

Supply from the Concrete ConstructionCommittee of Philadelphia for theHahnemann Parking Garage. This projectwas the first multi-level, commercialstructure to employ VSL PT PLUS plasticduct, bonded post-tensioning in theUnited States. Bonded post-tensioningwas selected by the construction teamfor two primary reasons, cost and value.The cost of a state-of-the-art bondedpost-tensioned commercial structuresystem was competitive with the un-bonded solution. The engineer preferredthe bonded post-tensioned solution sinceit is the most effective protection againstcorrosion, and therefore, delivered thebest value to the owner.

Post-tensioning activity is nearing com-pletion on this seven storey, 3,200 car

garage. The structure is to provideemployee parking as part of the airport'sexpansion planned over the next fewyears.

Dan FalconerVSL Corporation, Philadelphia, PA

San Francisco Airport Parking Garage

VSL's scope includes design and seis-mic analysis of the post-tensioned grou-ted beams and all installation. The maindeck grid is 18.3 m by 7.3 m, with the91.5 m long beams being stressedsimultaneously from each end. Frameaction provides the lateral load resist-ance for the 98000 m2 structure, and anexpansion joint was adopted to separatethe floors into two halves. Vehicle circulation is provided by spiral rampscantilevering from circular walls at each end.

Work has proceeded ahead of scheduleand has generated considerable interestin the use of bonded tendons for what would otherwise have been unbonded

Jim TrenerryVSL Corporation, San Jose, CA

Aesthetics and function

USA

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VSL Retained EarthTM Walls

Retained EarthTM provides unlimited possibilities for architectural treatment

giving architects and owners the flexibilityto create structures that are unique, attractive and environmentally compatible.

Custom Raised Relief panels combinedwith smooth panels create striking ran-dom patterns that change throughoutthe day as shadows rotate and extend.

Raised Relief panels feature a raisedcentre portion which combines clean,sharp lines, bold relief and dynamic sha-dow effects.

Ashlar Stone panels simulate historicstone block masonry walls. The blockpattern effectively masks the joints of thesquare panels.

The mountain panorama pattern wasdeveloped for use in the RockyMountain area. This square pattern fea-tures colored concrete with an exposedaggregate finish in the lower portions.

The rustication strip separates the«mountain and sky» in a randomly re-curring pattern.

William NeelyVSL Corporation, Raleigh, NC

Custom Raised Relief Mountain Panorama

Ashlar Stone

Washington Dulles International Airport

Washington Dulles InternationalAirport is currently undergoing a

major facilities expansion in which themain terminal building is being doubled insize. The main terminal building, originallydedicated in 1962, features a strikingsuspended catenary roof. The new cons-truction simply extends the original designout the East and West sides of the originalbuilding. The unique roof design providesa large ( approx. 200 m x 52 m) columnfree space.

The roof consists of 25 mm thick lightweight precast concrete panels sup-ported on structural strand cables thatare draped into a caternary profile.These cables are anchored into a cast-in-place concrete edge beam which issupported by sloped cantilever columns.

The general construction contract wasawarded to Mortenson in 1993.

Mortenson recognised the critical natureof the roof construction and VSL's uniquecapabilities in cable technology. In 1994,VSL was awarded the subcontract todesign, fabricate, and erect the cablesuspension system. There are a total of128 structural strand cables which vary insize from 28 mm diameter to 33 mm diameter.

The roof profiles and slopes are an extremely sensitive part of the overallproject. VSL's team of design and construction professionals have devel-oped special equipment and methods toensure successful and timely completionof the roof.

Don Kline VSL Corporation, Washington, D.C.

The test specimen must be at least 4.0 m long.The anchorages used should represent the largest size used in the project (in this case ECR5-31).The jacking force shall be at least 80%GUTS.The cement grout pressure shall be atleast 0.6 MPa.The removability test shall be conducted at least 7 days after grouting.The presentation of results must clearlystate:

- the conformity of the testing procedure,

- the means to extract the anchorages, - difficulties encountered, if any,

during removal and- the results of visual inspection of the

different elements after removal

The procedure for de-tensioning were:

Remove the PE duct by disc cutter. Remove the grout by hammer and chisel to expose the bare strands. De-tensioning of the strands by heating (flame cutter).Extraction of the anchorages by chainblocks.

Technical Centers - Converting Research into Reality

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VSL external PT - making research a reality

Rambler Channel Bridge, Hong Kong

The rambler Bridge forms part of the Route 3 project and links

Cheung Ching Tunnel on Tsing Yi islandwith the Kwai Chung Viaduct on WestKowloon. The 1.2 km dual three-laneexpressway is composed of the 500 mlong Rambler Channel Main Bridge, a600 m long Eastern Approach Viaductand a 110 m long Western ApproachViaduct.

The expressways are erected by anoverhead launching gantry and use aprecast-segmental balanced cantilevermethod of construction.

VSL's scope of works involves the supply,stressing and grouting of both internaland external tendons, and the supply ofsteel guide pipes and deviators.

Because of to the need to provide full encapsulation, inspectability andreplaceablity of the external tendons, aspecial VSL ECR Anchorage was designed, produced and used for thisproject. To achieve this, a special PEtrumpet was introduced.

The PE trumpet has a lip which is seatedon the recess formed on the EC casting.When the tendon is stressed, the lip ofthe trumpet is compressed to provide an air tight seal between the anchor block and the casting. To complete theencapsulation of the tendon, a neoprenecompression seal is provided betweenthe protection cap and the casting, and atthe other end, the PE trumpet is mirrorwelded to the PE duct.

Due to the need to grout tendons up to alength of 280 m, a special grout mix wasused. This mix enabled grouting works tobe carried out for a period of up to 3.5hours. Using this mix, a grouting trial wassatisfactorily conducted on a 60 m long tendon.

To ensure that the external tendons arereplaceable, a removability test was suc-cessfully conducted in the presence ofthe project Engineers, Scott WilsonKirkpatrick and the Honq Kona Highways

Department. The test was conducted inaccordance with the recommendations ofService d'Etudes Techniques des Routes et Autoroutes (SETRA).

In summary, the test requirements as stipulated by SETRA are:

Internal PTExternal PTDeviators External PT ParametersMinimum radius Minimum straight lengthMaximum tendon lengthFriction Coefficient.

830 t385 t1188 nos.(ECR 5-31):3.00 m0.75 m280 m0.14

Data:Post-Tensioning

Brian LimVSL Hong Kong Ltd.Hong Kong

South East Asia / Australia

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VSL PT to reduce joints usage in large slab

Big W, Warwick, Queensland

The Big W Distribution Centre is located in Warwick, 160 km west of

Brisbane, Queensland. This first stage ofthe Distribution Centre will provide42000 m2 of post-tensioned slab onground, to be completed in 30 No. poursovera12-week period.

The client has specified post-tensioningto greatly reduce joints in the slab thusproviding a substantial saving in lifetimemaintenance costs for both the jointsand plant (Stackers, forklifts). Fewerjoints also reduce cost during construction.

VSL carried out the material supply,stressing and grouting works for the 160mm thick slab. Post-tensioning to theslab consisted of S 5-4 tendons at 1 600 mm centres in both directions.

The post-tensioned slab provides excellent load carrying capacity to resistthe high post loads from the storage racking and the forklift loads.

Barry StoryVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty Ltd.Brisbane, Queensland

VSL PT to reduce floor to floor heights

Salamanca Mews, Hobart Tasmania

Salamanca Mews is a private residentialdevelopment of 56 apartments situa-

ted behind Salamanca Place in Hobart'shistoric Battery Point.

The project is Hobart's first major innercity residential development, uniquelylocated at the focal point of markets, res-taurants, galleries, special events andtourist activities.

The apartments occupy three buildingsof four and five storeys, with basementparking extending over the 4550 m2 site.The design was influenced by the need

PT Flat Plate Floor Construction.

Post-tensioning of 42,000 m2 of slab on grade greatly reduces jointing in the slab

South East Asia / Australia

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View of Completed Development from Plaza Level

to minimise floor to floor heights leadingto the use of 200 mm thick post-tensionedflat plate floors above plaza level, supported by 400 mm diameter columnson a grid of 8.25 x 8.5 m. Slabs were caston fibre cement sheeting which formedthe ceiling finish, and services were castinto the slab.

At plaza level a post-tensioned flat slabwas used over the carpark. Stressing permitted waterproofing of the slab withoutthe need for additional treatment.

Rod BurnellVSL Prestressing (Rust.) Pty. Ltd.-Hobart

VSI Climbform in the Sky Tower Casino

Sky Tower, Auckland, New Zealand

The Sky Tower project is located inAuckland, New Zealand. It is part of the Sky City Casino development occupying one complete city block.

When completed, Sky Tower will be thesixth tallest tower in the world, 8 m tallerthan the Eiffel Tower.

The tower shaft comprises a 12 m outer diameter reinforced concrete wallwhich houses a services duct, stairwells, 3passenger lifts and a goods lift.

The shaft is being constructed using aVSL Climbform climbing formwork system. Sky Tower is the first circularstructure constructed by the system.In addition to lifting static vertical wallformwork panels, VSL Climbform waschosen by the builder, FletcherConstruction, because it provided thebest heavy duty construction accessplatform of all systems considered.

Features of the VSL Climbform include:Support of a concrete placing boom on the platform,Hinged access hatches allowing installation of precast stairs as construction advances,

External trailing platforms for patchingof tie bolt holes and general concretefinishing,Internal trailing platforms enablingearly installation of lift rails and electrical and mechanical services,Site sheds and toilets supported on theplatform.

The total lifted load during climbing ofthe external platform is 75 t. The programmed shaft construction period

Sky City Casino development featuring the VSL Climbform

is 64 weeks, based on a 7 day cycle. The typical pour is 90 m3 with 20 t of reinforcing steel.

VSL was responsible for the design,supply and assembly of the Climbform,

and supervision of the first 3 lifts of thesystem.

Brad Harman VSL Prestressing (Aust.). Pty Ltd.

North East Asia

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VSL close corporation between Technical Center and VSL Korea

Anyang-Dong Elevated Viaduct, Korea

Anyang-Dong Elevated Viaduct is apart of Seoul Outer Ring Expressway

which will serve as a bypass road for everincreasing traffic in southwest Seoul.Total length of the bridge is 1 070 m,which comprises into FCM spans of 530 mand FSM spans of 540 m. Main spans are160 m by in-situ FCM, and approachspans are typically 50 m by conventionalscaffolding. The bridge has twin parallelboxes, where the width of each box is19.3 m for 4 lanes. The main bridge hasan S-shaped curve in plan, and the mini-mum radius is 500 m. The longitudinalslope is 3%.

The owner is Korea Highway Corporation(KHC). The main contractor is a JointVenture between Samik ConstructionCo. and Woosung Construction Co. and the design was awarded to DowooEngineering Co. VSL Technical Center(Singapore) designed the main FCMbridge and VSL Korea designed theform-traveller. For the construction,VSLKO is performing the PT placingapproach spans, and rebar/concrete andPT placing for the main FCM part. Thetonnage of strand is 1 285 t for the mainbridge, and 522 t for the approach bridge.Construction started in June 1993, andthe completion is scheduled for October1996.

J. K. LeeVSL Korea Ltd

New Central Gymnasium, Osaka: Not for underground training

VSL Japan takes part in the Osaka New Central Gymnasium

This complex gymnastic facility has two(large and small) arenas. The main

arena is covered with a concrete shelldome 110 m in diameter and 16 m inheight and the sub arena is covered with a concrete shell dome 52 m in diameterand 8.5 m in height. The most outstandingcharacteristic of this project is that all

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gymnastic facilities including these twoarenas are located underground.To helpsecure the level of green zones - one ofthe most precious assets of moderncities - a city park will entirely cover thedomes which will nicely integrate thisgymnasium into the environment.

The dome shells are composed of pre-cast- prestressed shell panels and ringbeams, on which cast-in-situ concreteand waterproofing system will be placed.The cross-sectional size of the peripherytension ring of the main arena is 3.0 m inwidth and 4.8 m in height, in which thirtyE 6-42 post-tensioning cables (tensileultimate of 1 117.2 t and stressing forceof approx. 800 t each) are provided.These cables are stressed in threestages following the construction process of the dome, where the stressing is centralmonitored/controlledby a computer system.

The general contractor is a J. V. organization led by Obayashi Corporation,

one of the top five bigest contractors inJapan, and post-tension related works arebeing carried out by P. S. Corporationand Fudo Building Research Co. Ltd, bothare VSL Japan major sub-licensees.

The facility is scheduled for completionat the end of May, 1996.

Shusuke SakataVSL Japan

VSL Climbform in Mainland China

VSL Climbform in the People's Republic of China

The successful use of the VSLClimbform system in Hong Kong

has led to the penetration of the rapidly growing construction market inMainland China.

Development and Contracting companyKumagai Gumi awarded VSL the contractfor the supply of a large Climbform toconstruct the core walls of the DiWang Development, situated in Shenzhencity just across the border from HongKong.

The building is steel framed and has atotal height of 385 m, with the servicecore rising 312 m from the basement tothe 78th storey.

The Climbform system was 48 m long,17 m wide and formed a core wall areaof approximately 97000 m2 when thebuilding's shear core was completed inArgil this year.

Stuart PearsonVSL Hong Kong Ltd.

The Climbform was utilised on this project specifically because the twotower cranes accommodated within theinner cells were required to be free forthe steelwork erection. Other majorconsiderations were the Climbform'slarge working platform areas, as up to90 t of reinforcement steel and 20 t ofstructural steel were being placed in eachof the 390 m3 concrete pours.

A strict safety requirement by the clientwas imposed and the Climbform suc-cessfully completed its 83rd concretepour with a clear safety record after only52 weeks of operation.

Full scale model test up to a load of 1,060t

Eastern Europe / Middle East

VSL CS-PLUS a must for railway bridges

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Aare River Railway bridge, Switzerland

VSL Germany performed the PT of the Zeller Bridge in just 18 weeks

Zeller Bridge in Wurzburg, Germany

To cope with increased railway traffic-the existing steel bridge crossing the

Aare River near Brugg (west of Zurich)had to be replaced. The new concretesuperstructure with a total length of234 m and spans of 48, 52, 64 and 70 mwas constructed alongside the old bridgeand then moved sidewards onto theoriginal piers. For all post-tensioning theCS PLUS, VSL's CS anchorage incombination with PT PLUS plastic ducts,was applied: longitudinal cables with19 and 22 0.6" strands were built in,transversal cables with four 0.6" strandsin flat PT PLUS ducts in combinationwith SO anchorages were used.

The technically demanding projectnecessitated close co-operation amongthe consultant (Gerber + Partners), the main contractor (Preiswerk), thechecking engineer (Prof. Peter Marti)and VSL (Switzerland) Ltd.

Mario BevilacquaVSL Switzerland The railway bridge over the Aare river.

The Zeller Bridge was built at thestart of the century across the river Main to shorten the commuting timefor people living in the Zell village andworking in factories in Wurzburg. The bridge, which was partially destroyed in the second world war andsubsequently rebuilt, had to be widened

to accommodate today's traffic. The foundations and the lower part ofthe piers of the old bridge, which consisted of five unreinforced concretearches, could be reused for the newbridge structure. The 21.20 m wide and 191.70 m long new bridge waserected in ten sect ions using the

incremental launch method. VSLsupplied and installed 171 t of strand for longitudinal and transverse tendons.VSL's new CS-anchorages were used forthe longitudinal tendons. Up to 36 tendons6-22 were used for the post-tensioningduring incremental launching. The fourcontinuity cables 6-19 with a length of

VSL Silo Post-Tensioning: An Efficient Application

194 m were pushed with bares dry strandover four high points at the piers usingVSL's standard pushing equipment,powered by two EHPS 33 pumps. VSL's post-tensioning work was completed within 18 weeks to the fullsatisfaction of the main contractor Philip Holzmann - Held & Francke Bau AGin the beginning of July 1995.

VSL's PT is very suitable for circular-concrete structures. In the Czech

Republic VSL provided materials andinstallation of PT for four grit silosand two clinker silos. The grit silos aretypically 50 m tall with the upper 30 mpost-tensioned and 20 m diameter.The clinker silos are usually 45 m tallwith the entire height post-tensionedand 30 m diameter. The ducts andanchorages are placed during the climbforming operation. Afterwards VSL carriesout the strand installation, stressing ofthe tendons and the grouting in a veryfast operation, enabling the generalcontractor to shorten considerably thesilo construction time compared to the oldwire-wrapping method of post-tensioning.

Pushing of the 193 m long tendons

Johann KolleggerVSL Vorspanntechnik (Deutschland)GmbH

The circular PT is equally effective forwater tanks and safety walls aroundpetroleum storage tanks, etc.

Miroslav VEJVODAVSL Systemy (CZ) s. r. o.Czech Republic

VSL post-tensionning is well adapted

to circular concrete structures

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Western Europe

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VSL performed the PT of the car park of the new terminal of the Roissy Charles de Gaulle Airport

Roissy Airport, France

The first utilisation of the flat duct VSL PT PLUS in France

The Northern Lyon Bypass, France

In May 1994 VSL. was awarded the PTwork of the car park of the new terminal

3 of the Roissy Airport by BouyguesBatiment. The work was split into a definite contract and a contingent one. Both contracts included two standard slabdecks with typically 6-12 54 m long tendons connected to EC anchorages.

The driveway part of the car park is madeof 360 prefab girders called , «pagaïe»because of their shape. Each girder car-ries two EC/H 6-7 cables of 13.90 m inlength.

The cables and anchorages are prefabricated at the VSL France warehouse and then hauled to the precast girder manufacturer EPI. Oncethe girders are manufactured they aredelivered by EPI to the Roissy airport.When the girders are in place, VSL carriesout the tensioning and the injection of the cables before the slab is pouredwith concrete.

The car park of the new 3 B terminal of the Roissy Charles de Gaulle Airport

The first part of the contract was completed between June 1994 andFebruary 1995. The project started in April 1995 and should end in March 1996

Bruno RueyresVSL France

As part of the Northern Lyons Bypassproject, VSL has been contracted

by S.C. BPNL to carry out the PT worksof a viaduct over the Rhone river. The Viaduct is a curved precast in situsegmental structure with a span of 500 m- 58 m and 42 m for the approaches and5 segments of 80 m each - and a width of 24 m to accommodate 2 x 3 lanes.

The total quantity of PT used is 580 t i,e.70 kg of PT per m3 of concrete (BHP 60 MPa).

The deck is longitudinally prestressed with 19 0,6" strands. The external PTis removable. It includes 27 strands of 0,6 S and VSL ED 6-31 anchorage heads.

The transversal PT is performed by 750 cables SO/H 6-4 of 24 m per piecerunning inside VSL PT Plus flat ducts72/21 which is the first utilisation of thistype of duct in France.

The deck construction started in March 95and should be completed by the end ofApril 1996.

Fredy SchweizerVSL France

The BPNL viaduct over the Rhone river

VSL is the PT contractor of the world's largest floating barge

Nkossa Barge, France

The Nkossa vessel is the largest prestressed concrete barge in the

world. The quantities of material usedillustrate the gigantic size of this uniquefloating structure of 25 000 m3 of conc-rete built in a record time:

2 500 t of prestressing strand T 15,7 1860 TBR,5 200 VSL anchorages, most of which being VSL's EC 6-19,150 000 ml of prestressing ducts made of thick steel tubes ranging from 80 to 114,3 mm of diameter, 30% of them being curved in order toaccommodate the vessel's dimension, avoid inserts and enable connection with the anchorages,and 800 000 litres of specifically prepared grout cement containing silica additives.

The barge will be exploited by ElfAquitaine - the largest French industrialgroup - as floating support to produce oilat the Nkossa petroleum field in Congo.Bouygues and Bouygues Offshore havebeen responsible for it's design andconstruction and VSL selected as sub-contractor for the prestressing.

To tackle the extent of the work and theparticularly short completion deadlines,VSL has brought in a large workforce andexceptional material means. At criticalstages, as many as 150 men were working on the site round the clock. Asfor the prestressing materials, some 24VSL's ZPE 460/31 and 14 VSL's ZPE 19jacks teamed with 7 injection deviceshave been used at a time.

The especially high density of the non-stressed and prestressed reinforcements(respectively 200 kg/m3 and 100 kg/m3)made the positioning and installation

of the prestressing ducts an especiallydelicate operation.

Besides the prestressing, VSL has alsosupplied and installed the stressbarswhich will support the deck with itsequipment and living cubicles as well asthe chain anchors mooring points.

Moreover, VSL's expertise in heavy lifting,allowed it to carry out the telescopic liftingof the derrick positioned in front of thebarge. The operation which involved lifting 70 t at a 40 m height, was particularly successful.

After an intensive and challenging job,this 220 m long, 46 m large and 16 mtall vessel put out to sea its 70 000 t forthe first time on July 6th 1995 right onschedule leaving Platform 10 for Pier190 in Marseille.

Francis CrozatVSL France

VSL

VSL

PUBLISHED BY VSL International Ltd., P.O. Box 7124, CH – 3001 Berne / Switzerland, Tel 41 - 31 - 66 42 22, Fax 41 - 31 66 42 50Editor: Therese Wenger

SOUTH EAST ASIA /AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIAVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.6 Pioneer AvenueThornleigh, NSW 2120Tel 61 - 2 - 484 59 44Fax 61 - 2 - 481 01 60

NORTH EAST ASIA

HONG KONGVSL North East AsiaRegional OfficeBank of America Tower, Suite 140712 Harcourt RoadCentral, Hong KongTel 852 - 537 93 90Fax 852 - 537 95 93

NORTH AMERICAU S ACorporate OfficeVSL Corporation1671 Dell AvenueCampbell, CA 95008Tel 1 - 408 - 866 67 77Fax 1 - 408 - 374 41 13

EASTERN EUROPE

SWITZERLANDVSL (Switzerland) Ltd.Bernstrasse 93421 LyssachTel 41 - 34 - 47 99 11Fax 41 - 34 - 45 43 22

WESTERN EUROPE

FRANCEVSL France S.à r.l.110 Avenue Verdun91526 EGLYTel 33 - 1 - 69 26 14 00Fax 33 - 1 - 60 83 89 95

LICENSEES

AUSTRIASonderbau GesmbH, WIENTel 43 - 222 - 892 02 80Fax 43 - 222 - 892 02 80 33

BOLIVIAPrestress VSL ofBolivia Jauregui Ltd., LA PAZTel. 591 - 2 - 321 874Fax 591 - 2 - 371 493

AUSTRALIAVSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.VIRGINIA, QLDTel 61 - 7 - 265 64 00Fax 61 - 7 - 265 75 34

VSL Prestressing (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.NOBLE PARK, VICTel 61 - 3 - 795 03 66Fax 61 - 3 - 795 05 47

BRUNEI DARUSSALAMVSL Systems (B) Sdn. Bhd.BANDAR SERI BEGAWANTel 673 - 2 - 22 91 53, - 22 18 27Fax 673 - 2 - 22 19 54

HONG KONGVSL Engineers (HK) Ltd.WANCHAI / HONG KONGTel 852 - 520 16 00Fax 852 - 865 62 90

VSL Redland Concr. Prod. Ltd.WANCHAI, HONG KONGTel 852 - 598 72 28Fax 852 - 598 50 87

USAVSL Corporation NORCROSS, GATel 1 - 404 - 446 - 30 00Fax 1 - 404 - 242 74 93

VSL Corporation GRAND PRAIRIE, TXTel 1 - 214 - 647 - 02 00Fax 1 - 214 - 641 11 92

VSL Corporation LAKEWOOD, COTel 1 - 303 - 239 66 55Fax 1 - 303 - 239 66 23VSL Corporation EWA BEACH, HITel 1 - 808 - 682 28 11Fax 1 - 808 - 682 28 14

GREECEVSL Systems S.A., ATHENSTel 30 - 1 - 363 84 53Fax 30 - 1 - 360 95 43

SPAINVSL Iberica S.A., MADRIDTel 34 - 1 - 556 18 18Fax 34 - 1 - 597 27 01

BRAZILRudloff-VSL Industrial Ltda.SAO PAULOTel 55 - 11 - 826 04 55Fax 55 - 11 - 826 62 66

CHILESistemas Especiales deConstruccion SA, SANTIAGOTel 56 - 2 - 233 10 57Fax 56 - 2 - 231 12 05

GUAMVSL Prestressing (Guam), TUMONTel 67 - 1 - 646 80 61Fax 67 - 1 - 649 08 50

INDONESIAPT VSL Indonesia, JAKARTATel 62 - 21 - 570 07 86Fax 62 - 21 - 581 217

MALAYSIAVSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd.KUALA LUMPURTel 60 - 3 - 242 47 11Fax 60 - 3 - 242 93 97

JAPANVSL Japan Corporation, TOKYOTel 81 - 33 - 346 89 13Fax 81 - 33 - 345 91 53

KOREAVSL Korea Co., Ltd., SEOULTel 82 - 2 - 574 - 82 00Fax 82 - 2 - 577 00 98

VSL CorporationHUNTINGTON BEACH, CATel 1 - 714 - 894 58 85Fax 1 - 714 - 894 88 96

VSL Corporation MIAMI, FLTel 1 - 305 - 592 50 75Fax 1 - 305 - 592 56 29

VSL Corporation EAGAN, MNTel 1 - 612 - 456 09 86Fax 1 - 612 - 456 92 81

VSL Corporation LANGHORNE, PATel 1 - 215 - 750 66 09Fax 1 - 215 - 757 03 81

VSL Corporation CAMPBELL, CATel 1- 1 - 408 - 866 50 00Fax 1 - 408 - 379 62 05

NORWAYVSL Norge A/S, STAVANGERTel 47 - 4 - 56 37 01Fax 47 - 4 - 56 27 21

PORTUGALVSL Prequipe SA, LISBOATel 351 - 1 - 793 85 30Fax 351 - 1 - 793 09 01

GREAT BRITAINBalvac Whitley Moran Ltd.LIVERPOOLTel 44 - 51 - 549 21 21Fax 44 - 51 - 549 14 36

INDIAKillick Prestressing Ltd., BOMBAYTel 91 - 22 - 578 44 81Fax 91 - 22 - 578 - 47 19

NETHERLANDSCivielco B.V., AT LEIDENTel 31 - 71 - 76 89 00Fax 31 - 71 - 72 08 86

NEW ZEALANDPrecision Precasting (Wgtn.) Ltd.OTAKITel 64 - 694 81 26Fax 64 - 694 83 44

SINGAPOREVSL Singapore Pte. Ltd., SINGAPORETel 65 - 235 70 77/9Fax 65 - 733 86 42

THAILANDVSL (Thailand) Co., Ltd., BANGKOKTel 66-2-237 32 88/89/90Fax 66-2-238 24 48

TAIWANVSL Systems (Taiwan) Ltd., TAIPEITel 886 - 2 - 707 72 53Fax 886 - 2 - 704 04 63

VSL Corporation LYNNWOOD, WATel 1 - 206 - 771 30 88Fax 1 - 206 - 672 30 20VSL Corporation SPRINGFIELD, VATel 1 - 703 - 451 43 00Fax 1 - 703 - 451 08 62

CANADACanadian BBR (1980) Inc.AGINCOURT, ONTTel 1 - 416 - 291 - 16 18Fax 1 - 416 - 291 99 60

VSL OFFICE PRAGUEVáclavské nám$e$sti110 00 PRAHA 1Tel 42 - 2- 2 - 236 69 92Fax 42 - 2 - 236 73 59

ITALYPRECO S.r.l., MILANOTel 39 - 2 - 481 80 31Fax 39 - 2 - 481 64 15

PERUPretensado VSL del Peru SA, LIMATel 51 - 14 - 76 - 04 23, -76 04 26Fax 51 - 14 - 76 04 77

SOUTH AFRICASteeledale Systems (Pty.) Ltd.JOHANNESBURGTel 27 - 11 - 613 77 41/9Fax 27 - 11 - 613 74 04

SWEDENInternordisk Spännarmering ABDANDERYDTel 46 - 8 - 753 02 50Fax 46 - 8 - 753 49 73

ADRESSES OF VSL COMPANIES AND LICENSEES