Nicholas Morris SUNY-Buffalo SHARP 2013 Conference nmorris@buffalo.edu @nickmimic

Voyages of Type: Rethinking Some Aspects of the Transatlantic Print Sphere 1880−1940

Quotes 1. “By a Typographer, I mean such a one, who by his own judgment, from solid reasoning within himself, can

either perform, or direct others to perform from the beginning to the end, all the Handy-works and Physical Operations relating to Typographie.”

− Moxon, Mechanick Exercises, pp. 11−12 2. “Our printing-house often wanted sorts, and there was no letter-founder in America; I had seen types cast at

James’s in London, but without much attention to the manner; however, I now contrived a mould, made use of the letters we had as puncheons, struck the matrices in lead, and thus supply’d in a pretty tolerable way all deficiencies.”

– Benjamin Franklin, qtd. in Updike, Printing Types, Vol. II, pp. 150−151

3. “I set out to be a new kind of publisher-designer, an architect of books rather than a builder, seeking the

realization of my designs by marshalling the services – often mechanical services – of the best printing houses…”

− Meynell, My Lives, p. 155 4. “[W]e have opted for the term ‘print culture’ rather than ‘print media’ not because our contributors aren’t

interested in the visual, technological, and editorial transformations of print media – they are – but because ‘culture’ itself…is a key word through which to map changes in patterns of thinking about ‘modern’ life […] Particularly by facilitating the move towards ‘institutions and ordinary behaviour’, ‘print culture’ defines a more inclusive field of study than either ‘print media’ or ‘book history’.

− Ardis & Collier, Transatlantic Print Culture, p. 11 5. “The reckoning we did over the phone could thus easily be reduced to the following figures: 15 days for the

paper, 10 days for the printing and 10 days for a fast boat taking the sheets over makes thirty-five days plus 10 days for the actual binding in the States.”

− Paul Léon to Richard de la Mare, 12 Feb 1939, James Joyce/Paul Léon Papers VI.11, National Library of Ireland

6. “The first and classic definition [of print culture] refers to the profound transformations that the discovery and then the extended use of the new technique for the reproduction of texts brought to all domains of life, public and private, spiritual and material […] Print culture can also be understood in a narrower sense, however, as the set of new acts arising out of the production of writing and pictures in a new form […] With printing, the range of the uses of writing broadened and, as a corollary, an interconnected network of specific practices that defined an original culture came to be formed.”

− Chartier, The Culture of Print, pp. 1−2 Bibliography Ardis, Ann and Patrick Collier, eds. Transatlantic Print Culture, 1880−1940: Emerging Media, Emerging Modernisms. New

York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Benton, Megan. “Unruly Servants: Machines, Modernity, and the Printed Page”. In A History of the Book in America

Vol. IV: Print in Motion, The Expansion of Publishing and Reading in the United States 1880−1940. Eds. Carl F. Kaestle and Janice A. Radway. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009. 151−169.

Bidwell, John. “Printers’ Supplies and Capitalization”. In A History of the Book in America Vol. I: The Colonial Book in the Atlantic World. Ed. Hugh Amory and David D. Hall. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 163−183.

Chartier, Roger, ed. The Culture of Print: Power and the Uses of Print in Early Modern Europe [Les Usages de l’imprimé]. Trans. Lydia G. Cochrane. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1989.

Dane, Joseph. The Myth of Print Culture: Essays on Evidence, Textuality, and Bibliographical Method. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003.

Day, Kenneth, ed. Book Typography 1815−1965 in Europe and the United States of America [Anderhalve Eeuw Boektypografie 1815−1965]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966.

Dreyfus, John. Into Print: Selected Writings on Printing History, Typography, and Book Production. London: The British Library, 1994.

Frasca, Ralph. Benjamin Franklin’s Printing Network: Disseminating Value in Early America. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006.

Howe, Ellic. The London Compositor: Documents relating to Wages, Working Conditions and Customs of London Printing Trade 1785−1900. London: The Bibliographical Society, 1947.

Hruschka, John. How Books Came to America: The Rise of the American Book Trade. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012.

Huss, Richard E. The Development of Printers’ Mechanical Typesetting Methods 1822−1925. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1973.

Legros, Lucien Alphonse, and John Cameron Grant. Typographical Printing Surfaces: The Technology and Mechanism of their Production. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1916.

Knight, Jeffrey Knight. “Invisible Ink: A Note on Ghost Images in Early Printed Books”. Textual Cultures 5.2 (2010): 53−62.

McKitterick, David, ed. Stanley Morison & D.B. Updike: Selected Correspondence. New York: The Moretus Press, 1979. Meynell, Francis. My Lives. New York: Random House, 1971. Morison, Stanley, with Harry Carter. John Fell, The University Press and the “Fell” Types. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967. Moxon, Joseph. Mechanick Exercises on the Whole Art of Printing. 1683–1684. Eds. Harry Carter and Herbert Davis. 2nd

ed. London: Oxford University Press, 1962. Raven, James. London Booksellers and American Customers: Transatlantic Literary Community and the Charleston Library Society

1748−1811. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002. Thomas, Isaiah. The History of Printing in America. 1810. New York: Weathervane Book, 1970. Updike, D.B. Printing Types: Their History, Forms, and Use. 1922. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1966.