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n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICA
No 45, November 2016
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICASecretariat
These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected]
Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity
T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its
coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have
1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.
reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation
is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.
Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
KatsinaZamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
Katsina
Zamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
Phases of food insecurity
June-August 2017October-December 2016
Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed
No. 77, March 2019
MAPS & FACTS
This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps. Please include the SWAC copyright, inform or contact us for specifi c requests: [email protected]
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA
Secretariat
ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA
Secretariat
VOTER TURNOUT IN WEST AFRICA
Voter turnout is a key indicator of the vitality of a democracy. It helps measure
the trust that citizens place in their political institutions and politicians, and shows how citizens participate in the governance of their country. Low turnout is usually associated with voter apathy and a lack of confidence in the government, institutions and political processes. While the global average voter turnout has decreased significantly since the 1990s, registered voter participation in Africa’s still-fragile democracies has varied widely between countries and over time. Nigeria is the most striking example. Since the return of democracy in 1999, voter turnout reached a peak of 69% in 2003 and has then continuously declined to a record-low of 34.8% in 2019. While Nigeria’s population has nearly doubled over the past 20 years and there are about 25 million additional
registered voters, the absolute number of Nigerians who are voting has declined (30.2 million in 1999 compared to 28.6 million in 2019). A large number of socio-economic, political and institutional factors influences the decision to vote. For example, the President Jorge Carlos Fonseca of Cabo Verde secured a second term in the 2016 election, winning 73% of the vote in the first round. The election had a record-low voter turnout of 35.5%, mainly because Fonseca’s re-election was widely expected. Moreover, voter intimidation, electoral violence and fraud can also prevent registered voters from casting their ballots. Despite e� orts to engage new, young voters, some West African countries show a significant divergence between the number of registered voters and number of people who are eligible to vote.
MaliNiger
NigeriaBenin
Togo
Ghana
Burkina Faso
Senegal
Gambia
Cabo Verde
Côte d’Ivoire
Guinea
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Guinea-Bissau
Chad
Mauritania
84.2%
75.2%
35.5%
66.1%
60.9%
68.4%
68.6%
59.4%
52.9%
60%
89.3%
66.2%
34.8%
66%
< 40%
Voter turnout in presidential elections (year)
40 < 50% 50 < 60% ≥ 70%
(2016)
(2015)
(2016)
(2016)
(2015)
(2016)
(2016)
(2015)(2014)
(2017)
(2018)
42.7%59.8%
(2016)56.5%
(2014)
(2019)
(2019)
(2018) (2015)
60 < 70%
Source: Voter turnout database, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)
Differences between total vote, registered voters and voting age population (VAP) (millions)
Country Total Vote Registration VAP
Benin 3.1 4.7 5.4Burkina Faso 3.3 5.5 9.1 Cabo Verde 0.1 0.4 0.4Chad 4.1 6.2 5.8Côte d'Ivoire 3.3 6.3 12.9Gambia 0.5 0.9 1.1Ghana 10.8 15.7 15.0Guinea 4.1 6.0 6.0Guinea-Bissau 0.7 0.8 0.9Liberia 1.6 2.2 2.3Mali 3.4 8.0 8.3Mauritania 0.7 1.3 1.9Niger 4.5 7.6 8.2Nigeria 28.6 82.3 106.4Senegal 4.4 6.7 8.0Sierra Leone 2.6 3.2 3.3Togo 2.1 3.5 4.0
n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICA
No 45, November 2016
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICASecretariat
These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected]
Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity
T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its
coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have
1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.
reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation
is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.
Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
KatsinaZamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
Katsina
Zamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
Phases of food insecurity
June-August 2017October-December 2016
Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed
Cette carte est sans préjudice du statut de tout territoire, de la souveraineté s’exerçant sur ce dernier, du tracé des frontières et limites internationales, et du nom de tout territoire, ville ou région. Nous encourageons l’utilisation de nos cartes. Veuillez nous en informer et faire mention du copyright du CSAO. Pour des demandes spécifi ques, contacter : [email protected]
No 77, mars 2019
MAPS & FACTS
www.oecd.org/fr/csao/cartes
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Secrétariat du
PARTICIPATION ÉLECTORALE EN AFRIQUE DE L’OUEST
La participation électorale est un indicateur important de la vitalité de la démocratie.
Elle permet de mesurer la confiance des citoyens envers les institutions politiques et les politiciens et montre la manière dont les citoyens participent à la gouvernance de leur pays. Une faible participation est souvent associée à l’apathie des électeurs et un manque de confiance envers le gouvernement, les institutions et les processus politiques. Si la moyenne de la participation électorale globale a diminué significativement depuis les années 90, la participation des électeurs inscrits sur les listes électorales dans les démocraties africaines, pour la plupart encore fragiles, varie largement d’un pays à l’autre et d’une période à l’autre. Le Nigéria en est l’exemple le plus frappant. Depuis le retour de la démocratie en 1999, la participation électorale a atteint un pic en 2003 avec 69 % et a par la suite diminué de manière continue pour atteindre son plus bas niveau en 2019 avec 34.8 %. Si la population du Nigéria a presque doublé au cours
des 20 dernières années et compte environ 25 millions d’électeurs supplémentaires, le nombre absolu d’électeurs nigérians a diminué (30.2 millions en 1999 comparé à 28.6 millions en 2019). Il existe de nombreux facteurs socio-économiques, politiques et institutionnels qui influencent la décision de voter ou non. Par exemple, le président en exercice du Cabo Verde, Jorge Carlos Fonseca, a assuré un deuxième mandat lors de l’élection présidentielle de 2016, remportant 73 % des su� rages dès le premier tour. Cette élection a enregistré une participation à son plus faible niveau, 35.5 % du fait que sa réélection était largement attendue. Par ailleurs, l’intimidation des électeurs, les violences électorales et la fraude peuvent empêcher les électeurs enregistrés de participer au scrutin. Malgré les efforts pour développer l’intérêt des jeunes électeurs, certains pays ouest-africains montrent un écart important entre le nombre d’électeurs enregistrés et la population en âge de voter.
MaliNiger
NigériaBénin
Togo
Ghana
Burkina Faso
Sénégal
Gambie
Cabo Verde
Côte d’Ivoire
Guinée
Libéria
Sierra Leone
Guinée-Bissau
Tchad
Mauritanie
84.2 %
75.2 %
35.5 %
66.1 %
60.9 %
68.4 %
68.6 %
59.4 %
52.9 %
60 %
89.3 %
66.2 %
34.8 %
66 %
< 40 %
Taux de participation aux éléctions présidentielles (année)
40 < 50 % 50 < 60 % ≥ 70 %
(2016)
(2015)
(2016)
(2016)
(2015)
(2016)
(2016)
(2015)(2014)
(2017)
(2018)
42.7 %59.8 %
(2016)56.5 %
(2014)
(2019)
(2019)
(2018) (2015)
60 < 70 %
Source: Base de données de la participation électorale, Institut international pour la démocratie et l’assistance électorale (IDEA)
Différences entre votes, électeurs enregistrés et population en âge de voter (PAV) (millions)
Pays Votes Électeurs PAV enregistrés
Bénin 3.1 4.7 5.4Burkina Faso 3.3 5.5 9.1 Cabo Verde 0.1 0.4 0.4Côte d'Ivoire 3.3 6.3 12.9Gambie 0.5 0.9 1.1Ghana 10.8 15.7 15.0Guinée 4.1 6.0 6.0Guinée-Bissau 0.7 0.8 0.9Libéria 1.6 2.2 2.3Mali 3.4 8.0 8.3Mauritanie 0.7 1.3 1.9Niger 4.5 7.6 8.2Nigéria 28.6 82.3 106.4Sénégal 4.4 6.7 8.0Sierra Leone 2.6 3.2 3.3Tchad 4.1 6.2 5.8Togo 2.1 3.5 4.0
