The challenge of digitalization of administration and of the use of IT in judicial procedure

Bucharest, 14/05/2018

Personal Background

• * 27/05/1968

• 17 years at a German University

• CIO

• Data Protection Officer

• Head of Department of Innovation and Digitalisation in Law in Vienne

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Personal Background

Lesson(s) learned

Technological

Development

Legal Development

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• Enforceability

• Provider Liability

• Access to Justice

• Acces to legal documentation

• Efficacy in (judicial) processes

• Fragmentation of laws

• Fragmentation of technologicaldevelopments

• Electronic Signatures/Identity/Authenticity

• First Wave of Internet legislation

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Issues in 1995

• Enforceability

• Provider Liability

• Access to Justice

• Acces to legal documentation

• Efficacy in (judicial) processes

• Fragmentation of laws

• Fragmentation of technologicaldevelopments

• Electronic Signatures/Identity/Authenticity

• „Pause“ of Internet legislation

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Issues in 1995 2005

• Enforceability

• Provider Liability

• Access to Justice

• Acces to legal documentation

• Efficacy in (judicial) processes

• Fragmentation of laws

• Fragmentation of technologicaldevelopments

• Electronic Signatures/Identity/Authenticity

• Second Wave of Internet Legislation

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Issues in 1995 2005 2015 ff.

Legel Development

Very, very slow progress

Disconnected from the technological environment

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Technological Status

https://assets.weforum.org/editor/uCtZUweqYN6msAK_PkkinFzxvpEMFCe084QdpildhlQ.png

Technological environment (just two randomexamples)

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Technological environment (just two randomexamples)

18.05.2018 https://mashable.com/2018/02/26/ai-beats-humans-at-contracts/?utm_campaign=Mash-BD-Synd-Flipboard-All-Full&utm_cid=Mash-

BD-Synd-Flipboard-All-Full#MKJsIyK0Ikq3

Seite 11

Setting

• 5 NDAs to be analyzed by top lawyers/AI in 5 hours

• Accuracy Rate Humans: 85 %

• Accuracy Rate AI: 95%

• Time spent Humans: 92 minutes

• Time spent AI: 26 seconds

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And the Law?

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Broken LawDelay

Unclarity/Complexity

Speed

Irrelevance

Fragmentation

Why so pessimistic?

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You are at the wrong place (sorry to say)

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• Database of Databases?

• Blockchain?

• AI?

• E-codex?

18.05.2018 https://beta.e-justice.europa.eu/sitenewsshow.do?plang=&newsId=181 Seite 17

18.05.2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Mt4eUbyNNk Seite 18

11 clicks

Digital Single Market

18.05.2018 https://ec.europa.eu/commission/index_en Seite 19

Legal environment

European e-Justice Portal

18.05.2018 https://e-justice.europa.eu/home.do?action=home&plang=en Seite 20

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No judicial network for

administrative matters

Citizen-oriented

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Citizen Oriented (?)

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Public Documents

national forms

available

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The PDF forms can be

found here.

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Like it’s 1995.

Example 2

18.05.2018 https://beta.e-justice.europa.eu/?action=home&plang=en Seite 26

Business Registers

Interconnection System

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Please note: At the moment you can only request information that the national registers provide free of charge. For documents against payment, the prices displayed on our portal are provided by the national registers and are only indicative and subject to change. To request any of those documents, please go to the national register’s website, where the final price will be specified.

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Issues• Access to electronic (court) data

◦ Language

◦ Machine readable format

◦ Open Access/Open Data policy

• Data Protection

• Electronic evidence

◦ Access

◦ Data Protection

• Electronic Case Management

◦ Identity

◦ Authenticity

◦ Storage

◦ Cloud

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Data Protection

GDPR (679/2016/EU)

Not: 680/2016/EU

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25/05/2018

18.05.2018 https://www.google.ro/search?q=679%2F2016%2Feu&oq=679%2F2016%2Feu&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i60l2j69i59.3694j0j7&source

id=chrome&ie=UTF-8

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GDPR, Recital 20

While this Regulation applies, inter alia, to the activities of courts and otherjudicial authorities, Union or Member State law could specify the processingoperations and processing procedures in relation to the processing ofpersonal data by courts and other judicial authorities. The competence ofthe supervisory authorities should not cover the processing of personal datawhen courts are acting in their judicial capacity, in order to safeguard theindependence of the judiciary in the performance of its judicial tasks, including decision-making. It should be possible to entrust supervision ofsuch data processing operations to specific bodies within the judicialsystem of the Member State, which should, in particular ensure compliancewith the rules of this Regulation, enhance awareness among members ofthe judiciary of their obligations under this Regulation and handle complaints in relation to such data processing operations.

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Information Security?

Taking into account the state of the art, the costs ofimplementation and the nature, scope, context and purposes ofprocessing as well as the risk of varying likelihood and severityfor the rights and freedoms of natural persons, the controllerand the processor shall implement appropriate technical andorganisational measures to ensure a level of securityappropriate to the risk, including inter alia as appropriate:

(a) the pseudonymisation and encryption of personal data;

(b) the ability to ensure the ongoing confidentiality, integrity, availability and resilience of processing systems and services;

(c) the ability to restore the availability and access to personal data in a timely manner in the event of a physical or technicalincident;

(d) a process for regularly testing, assessing and evaluating theeffectiveness of technical and organisational measures forensuring the security of the processing.

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Electronic Evidence

18.05.2018 http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-3343_en.htm Seite 34

„The Commission is proposing new rules to make it easier and faster for police and judicial authorities to obtain the electronic evidence, such as e-mails or documents located on the cloud, they need to investigate, prosecute and convict criminals and terrorists.”

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Two pieces of legislation

• COM/2018/225 final:

◦ Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on European Production and Preservation Orders for electronic evidence in criminal matters

• COM/2018/226 final

◦ Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL laying down harmonised rules on the appointment of legal representatives for the purpose of gathering evidence in criminal proceedings

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Outcome

• Binding European Production and Preservation Orders

• only in criminal proceedings

• Target: Service Provider in another member state

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Electronic Case Management

• Regulation 910/2014

• on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC

• Electronic Identifcation Schemes and Trust service providers

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Mutual recognition

1. When an electronic identification using an electronic identification means and authentication is required under national law or by administrative practice to access a service provided by a public sector body online in one Member State, the electronic identification means issued in another Member State shall berecognised in the first Member State …

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Blockchain?

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Broken LawDelay

Unclarity/Complexity

Speed

Irrelevance

Fragmentation

My lessons learned

• If you‘ve only got a hammer, everything looks like a nail

• Research!

• Interdisciplinarity!

• Technology first

• It‘s the economy, stupid!

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1.000.000.000 € sunken costs

18.05.2018 https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Spahn-will-Gesundheitskarte-abschaffen-article20431296.html Seite 44

Thank you!

Nikolaus Forgó, Department of Innovation and Digitalisation in Law, Universität Wien

www.univie.ac.at/id, nikolaus.forgo@univie.ac.at, @nikolausf

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