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Volvo XC90

Not to be confused with Suzuki X-90.

The   Volvo XC90   is a   mid-size luxury crossover SUVmanufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars  since 2002and now in its second generation.

The first generation was introduced at the 2002   NorthAmerican International Auto Show and used the  VolvoP2 platform   shared with the first generation   VolvoS80  and other large Volvo cars. It was manufactured

at Volvo’s  Torslandaverken. Volvo moved productionequipment of the first generation to China and endedSwedish production at the end of 2014, renaming the caras the Volvo XC Classic (or Volvo XC90 Classic). TheXC90 was Volvo’s top-selling vehicle in the United Statesand also Volvo’s best selling model worldwide in 2005with 85,994 cars sold.

At the end of 2014, the second generation XC90 was in-troduced. It is based on a new global platform, calledScalable Product Architecture or SPA for short. Both gen-erations of the XC90 have won Motor Trend's SUV of theYear award in their debuts.

1 First generation (2002–2014)

In January 2001, Volvo débuted its  Adventure Concept 

Car  at the North American International Auto Show, togauge reaction to the styling and features of its upcomingSUV.[6] In November 2001, Volvo released a teaser im-age showing the frontal styling of the production version,named the XC90. Notable as Volvo’s first SUV model,the styling of the XC90 recalled the concept.[7] In Jan-uary 2002, the full XC90 unveiling occurred, at the North

American International Auto Show.[7] Production beganin August 2002, after Volvo’s traditional mid-year shut-down, with the first XC90s coming out of the  Torslandafactory in Sweden.[7]

At its North American launch for the 2003 model year,the XC90 was presented with a choice of two trim lev-els, the 2.5 T and the T6. The 2.5 T was the entrylevel version and offered a 2.5-litre  B5254T2   “T5” tur-bocharged inline-five engine, producing 208 hp (155 kW)and 236 lb·ft (320 N·m) mated to an Aisin co-developedfive-speed  AW55-50/51   automatic. The T6 offered a2.9-litre B6294T  twin-turbocharged inline-six with 268

hp (200 kW) and 280 lb·ft (380 N·m) mated to a GM-sourced, Volvo-modified four-speed  4T65EV/GT   auto-matic. While the 2.5T came standard with front-wheel

drive, a Haldex Traction all-wheel drive (AWD) systemwas optional. The T6 was offered only with the AWDsystem.

A Yamaha V8 engine was added in 2005. This 4.4-litreVolvo B8444S engine produced 288 hp (215 kW) forthe first few models later upgraded to 311 hp (232 kW)and 325 lb·ft (441 N·m) of torque. Volvo sold just over40,000 XC90 units in North America that year.[8]

The XC90 won the North American Car of the Year award

and Motor Trend  magazine’s Sport/Utility of the Year for2003.

The ex-host of  Top Gear , Jeremy Clarkson, has ownedthree of these vehicles,[9] and claims they were designedby someone who must've had children due to its practi-cality.

1.1 Facelifts

1.1.1 2007 update

The XC90 was updated for 2007 with a restyled front and

rear and a revised interior. The 235 hp (175 kW; 238 PS)3.2 L SI6  straight-6 engine replaced the 208 hp (155 kW;211 PS) B524T2 straight-5 in the base model for the USmarket. The 2007 XC90 debuted in April 2006 at theNew York Auto Show.

•  Volvo XC90 pre-facelift (AU)

•  Volvo XC90 pre-facelift (AU)

•  Volvo XC90 post facelift (AU)

•  Volvo XC90 post facelift (AU)

1.1.2 2009, 2010, and 2012 updates

For model year (MY) 2009 model, the XC90 received anew rear logo, featuring larger lettering with wider spacesbetween the “VOLVO” letters. In 2010, all XC90 mod-els received painted wheel arches (previously they wereoptional). In addition, a new, larger, circular Volvo logoappeared on the front grille. For MY 2012, new LEDtail-lights became available on certain models, althoughentry-level models retain the previous style. For MY2013, the XC90 received a cosmetic refresh that included

standard LED daytime running lights and taillights, andexterior revisions including body colour bumpers, rockerpanels and silver trim replacing black plastic trim. The

1

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2   2 SECOND GENERATION (2014–PRESENT)

refreshed model went on sale during late spring 2012with a base price of US$40,395 for a front-wheel drivebase model.[10] For the 2014 model year the base price isUS$39,700.[11]

1.2 First generation models

1.2.1 XC90

1.2.2 XC90 Ocean Race

In early 2005 a special version called Ocean Race Edition

was unveiled. Special blue colour, leather interior withcontrast stitching and special interior trim.[12]

•  Volvo XC90 Ocean Race pre-facelift

1.2.3 XC Classic

The first generation Volvo XC90 continues to be sold inChina as the  XC Classic .[13] It is being produced at thenew Volvo factory located in Daqing,[14] HeilongjiangProvince, with the necessary tooling shipped over fromSweden.[15] Equipment levels were changed compared tothe international versions and only one engine, a 2.5Lturbo petrol[16] with 220 hp, is available. All  XC Classic 

come with AWD as standard and either a 5-speed manualor 5-speed automatic transmission.[17] It is priced below

the second generation XC90.[14]

1.3 Engines

1.4 Safety

The Volvo XC90’s front end is designed to absorb frontalimpacts and also deflect any pedestrians up on to thehood of the vehicle rather than underneath the vehicle.Volvo has patented the unique frontal structure that fea-tures crumple zones, and predetermined positions for the

engine and other ancillaries during a frontal impact.The XC90’s roof is reinforced with ultra-high-strengthsteel to help prevent a collapse in the passenger cavity inthe event of a roll-over. This Volvo system is marketedas ROPS, and is closely associated with the Roll Stabil-ity Control (RSC),  electronic stability control  (DSTC),and   SIPS   systems of Volvo to prevent and ultimatelyminimise accident forces. The National Highway Traf-fic Safety Administration measures the roll-over risk  ofthe 2013 XC90 as 17.9%.[21] The max. sideway thrust is0.77g.[22]

The XC90’s rear structure has been designed to absorb

impact energy, with occupants are also protected by awhiplash protection system. Marketed as   WHIPS, thesystem cradles the occupants during a rear end collision.

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety awarded theVolvo XC90 their Top Safety Pick award. The XC90 wasgranted the IIHS’s highest rating of “good” in front, side,rear and roof strength tests and has Electronic StabilityControl as standard equipment to receive the award.[23]

The industry-first Roll Stability Control was first intro-duced in XC90 in 2003.[24][25]

Interior 

At the end of July 2007, Volvo Car Corp. announcedthe recall of 42,211 2005 model year XC90s for risk ofbattery short circuit and fire. The vehicles were manu-factured in the Swedish Torslanda Plant between 7 June2004, and 13 May 2005.[26] The recall only applies to carsin the US and Canada.[27] There have been no reports of

short circuiting in the vehicles.

1 vehicle structure rated “Good”

2 strength-to-weight ratio: 4.51

3 seat/head restraint geometry rated “Good”

2 Second generation (2014–

present)

Volvo XC90 Twin Engine

In May 2012 Volvo announced that the second generationXC90 will go into production in late 2014, with orders

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2.2 Safety   3

being taken in 2014 and the vehicle officially going onsale in 2015.[36] The SUV will be sold in Europe, Asiaand North America. Volvo expects the United States toaccount for at least a third of global sales.[37]

The new XC90 is based on Volvo’s new platform, mar-

keted as Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) technologywhich features a stronger platform offering weight reduc-tion while improving safety and efficiency.

The vehicle is longer, wider and lower than itspredecessor.[38] All engines in the XC90 will be 2.0-litrefour-cylinder Drive-E powertrains with Volvo’s eight-speed Geartronic transmission. The line-up will includetwo petrol engines: a  twincharged 320 hp T6, produc-ing 400 nm of torque and a turbocharged 254 hp T5,producing 350 nm of torque, two diesel engines: a twinturbo 225 hp D5, producing 470 nm of torque and a tur-bocharged 190 hp D4, producing 400 nm of torque. The

top-of-the-line model is the XC90 Twin Engine, a plug-inhybrid which combines the more powerful petrol engineat the front with an electric motor at the rear to produce400 hp and 640 nm of torque.[39]

The First Edition of the all-new Volvo XC90, 1,927 indi-vidually numbered cars only available for sale via digitalcommerce, sold out in 47 hours after orders opened on 3September 2014.[39] All 1,927 of the First Edition mod-els, which could feature either the Petrol T6 or Diesel D5engine, will be finished in Onyx Black and feature 21-inch alloy wheels and include every available vehicle op-tion. The limited production run number represents theyear the Swedish brand was launched, with each modelfitted with uniquely numbered tread plates and a distinc-tive rear mounted badge,[40] with customers able to selecttheir XC90 First Edition numbers.

2.1 Design

Volvo XC90 Interior showing Bowers & Wilkins  sound system,

Orrefors crystal glassgear lever, diamond-cut centre console con-

trols and 9” touch-screen control console

Thenew XC90 has a redesigned chassis with double wish-bone front suspension and a new integral link rear axleincorporating transverse leaf springs of lightweight ma-

terial. The new XC90 can also be equipped with elec-tronically controlled air suspension with a choice of fivemodes.[39]

The interior features a 9”  tablet-like touch screen con-trol console along with steering wheel controls and voice-control system, all linked to an interface, marketed asSensus, which allows for access to cloud-based apps in-cluding   Internet radio, connected  navigation, parking,music streaming, OS mirroring Apple and  Android de-

vices in the touch screen display, and a  Wi-Fi hot spotfor using a tablet in the car. Other features include agear lever made of Orrefors crystal as well as diamond-cut controls for the start/stop button and volume control,located on the centre console between the driver and pas-senger seats.

The highest level audio system in the XC90 featuresa 1400W Class-D amplifier and 19 Bowers & Wilkinsspeakers as well as one of the first air-ventilated sub-woofers in a car. Integrated into the car body, it turnsthe entire interior space into a large subwoofer. The lat-est sound processing software has been used to manage

the timing of the sound and co-ordination of the speak-ers.

The vehicle’s seats have also been redesigned with ad-justable side bolsters, seat cushion extension and mas-sage. The second row features three individual seats withrecline adjustment. A sliding function can be used to cre-ate more legroom for the passengers in the third row orto increase loading space. An integrated child boostercushion in the centre seat is available.

Volvo Cars’ air purification system has been improved byadding a new carbon filter for more efficient capture ofsmall, particles and pollen in the incoming air. The sec-ond generation XC90 offers a 360° view system capableof providing the driver with a birds-eye view, wherebyinformation from all cameras is gathered and digitally in-tegrated in a central processor to form a 360° image. Therear sensing system, marketed as Park Assist Pilot , offersautomatic reversing into a parking bay.[39]

The 2nd generation XC90 is the first Volvo to carry thecompany’s new, more prominent iron mark, which hasthe iconic arrow aligned with the diagonal metallic slashacross the grille along with t-shaped LED daytime run-ning lights.

The car will be available in four trim levels, namely Ki-netic (base trim level), Momentum, Inscription (a moreluxurious trim) and R-design (a sportier trim).[39]

2.2 Safety

The Second Generation Volvo XC90 SUV features acomprehensive and technologically sophisticated stan-dard safety package (IntelliSafe), including two worldfirst safety technologies: Run-off road protection packageand Auto brake at intersection. These Volvo safety fea-

tures mean that the Second Generation Volvo XC90 is thesafest SUV in the world at this present time (2015).[41][42]

The Volvo XC90 safety systems include:

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4   4 REFERENCES 

•   Run-off road protection   package. In a   run-offroad scenario, the all-new Volvo XC90 detects whatis happening and the front safety belts are tightenedto keep the occupants in position. To help preventSpinal cord injury, energy-absorbing functionalitybetween the seat and seat frame cushions the ver-

tical forces that can arise when the car encounters ahard landing in the terrain.[39]

•   City Safety with auto brake in intersections. TheXC90 is the first car in the world with technologythat features automatic braking if the driver turns infront of an oncoming car.[43] This is a common sce-nario at busy city crossings as well as on highways,where the speed limits are higher.

•   IntelliSafe  with   City Safety  has become the um-brella name for all of Volvo Cars’ auto brake Colli-sion avoidance functions, which are standard equip-

ment in the new XC90. This equipment now coversvehicles, cyclists and pedestrians in front of the carduring both day and night.

•  Adaptive Cruise Control with Pilot Assist trafficjam assistant   enables safe and comfortable semi-autonomous driving by automatically following thevehicle ahead in   stop-and-go traffic. Accelera-tion, braking and now also steering are controlledautomatically.[39]

In the midst of the vehicle’s Australian release in August2015, the All-New 2016 XC90 was labelled by a majormedia source as being an SUV that will be the safest carin Australia. The Volvo brand has also made the claimthat “By 2020, nobody shall be seriously injured or killedin a new Volvo.”[44] The latest safety information aboutthe newest XC90 can be found online through the manu-facturer, for example the Volvo Australia or Volvo UnitedStates website.

EURONCAP   tested a 2016 XC90, 5-door SUV withstandard equipment. NHTSA currently only recorded forrollover.

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety  also crash-

tested the XC90, and presented the following results (rat-ings from 'poor' to 'good'):

1 vehicle structure rated “Good”

2 strength-to-weight ratio: 5.18

3 seat/head restraint geometry rated “Good”

2.3 T8

The T8 plug-in hybrid version of the XC90 is based ontechnology used in the Volvo V60 PHEV.[37] The vehicle

emits 49 g/km of CO2 and has an all-electric range of 40km (24 mi). Normal driving is conducted in the defaulthybrid mode, but the driver can push a button to switch to

Volvo XC90 T8  plug-in hybrid .

a mode that uses only electric power, for quiet, emission-free driving.[39] The batteries are situated at the centreof the vehicle can be charged using an electric vehiclecharger and can also store energy recovered by means ofregenerative brakes. Volvo says that the XC90 T8 sac-rifices no passenger or cargo space to accommodate thehybrid equipment.[38] However, the tank capacity is re-duced to 50 L (13.2 US gal; 11.0 imp gal). Deliveries ofthe XC90 T8 PHEV began in the United States in August2015.[48]

2.4 Technical data

3 Awards and recognition

•  Motor Trend’s 2003 SUV of the Year

•  Motor Trend’s 2016 SUV of the Year

•  Yahoo Autos 2016 Tech Ride of the Year[49]

•  Yahoo Autos 2016 Ride of the Year[50]

•  2016 North American Car and Truck/Utility of theYear - Detroit Motor Show 2016[51]

•   2015 Best AWD SUV - Australia’s Best Cars[52]

•   2016 South African Car of the Year[53]

4 References

[1] Padeanu, Adrian (11 September 2014). “First generation

Volvo XC90 to live on in China as XC Classic”.   Mo-

tor1.com. Retrieved 29 January 2016.

[2]  “International - Volvo Cars”. Retrieved 19 June 2015.

[3]   “Frasher’s odyssey: with the design of its XC90 SUV,

Volvo had to navigate between the scylla of me-too truckystyling and the charybdis of station wagon wimpiness.

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[4]  “2003 VOLVO XC90”. New.volvocars.com. Retrieved

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[5]  “2007 Volvo XC90”. New.volvocars.com. Retrieved 19

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[6] Pund, Dan (January 2001).   “Volvo Adventure Concept

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[7] Lacy, Justin (29November 2001). “First pics: Volvo joins

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[8]  “Volvo XC90 Leads Sales With Best Month of the Year.

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[9]  “20 years of Clarkson: What cars does Clarkson actually

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[10]   “2013 Volvo XC90 Photos and Info-Car News-Car and

Driver”.  Car and Driver . 3 May 2012.

[11]   “Volvo XC90 Price”. NADAguides.

[12] source: Volvo Car Corporation (13 February 2005).

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[13]   "XC CLASSICSUV-Volvo XC CLASSIC, ,

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[14]   “Volvo XC Classic hits the Chinese car mar-

ket | CarNewsChina.com - China Auto News”.

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[15]  “First generation Volvo XC90 to live on in China as XC

Classic”.  Worldcarfans . Retrieved 19 June 2015.

[16] Padeanu, Adrian. “First generation Volvo XC90 to live on

in China as XC Classic | Wcf news”. Motor1.com. Re-

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[17]   “Spy Shots: Volvo XC Classic testing in China

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CarNewsChina.com. 30 June 2014. Retrieved 19

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[18]   http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/

3fd8237ae638137bf68dba2c0d7156479b89d369/

XC90_OwnersManual_de.pdf

[19]   http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/

65a9e759f76bb88a9f7d7d67b770b67fdd4c1b1e/

XC90_owners_manual_MY06_DE_tp8195.pdf

[20]   http://az685612.vo.msecnd.net/pdfs/

585395e879742a76a540cf873676492983e233a5/

XC90_owners_manual_MY13_de-DE_TP_14904.pdf

[21] "2013 Volvo XC90 SUV AWD" National Highway Traffic 

Safety Administration (click Rollover)

[22] JOHN PEARLEY HUFFMAN (7 September 2015).

“Volvo XC90”.

[23]  “XC90 IIHS evaluation”. Iihs.org. Retrieved 9 October

2010.

[24] Hide Comments (1 December 2002).   “Mike Monti-

cello"2003 Volvo XC90 AWD T6 - Road Test,” Road and

Truck”.  Road & Track . Retrieved 9 October 2010.

[25]   “2003 Volvo XC90 – North American Truck of theYear,”. Carpictures.com. 5 January 2003. Retrieved 9

October 2010.

[26]  “Volvo recalls SUVs due to fire risk”. Bloomberg News /

The Arizona Republic. 25 July 2007. Retrieved 27 July

2007.

[27]  “Volvo to recall 42,000 cars in North America because

of short circuit risk”.   International Herald Tribune. 29

March 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2010.

[28]   “Vehicle details”. Retrieved 19 June 2015.

[29]  “All-new XC90 will be the first Volvo built on the com-pany’s new Scalable Product Architecture”. Volvo Cars of

North America. 12 August 2014. Retrieved 14 Novem-

ber 2014.

[30] Vijayenthiran, Viknesh (14 March 2013).   “Bentley In-

terior Design Chief Robin Page Heads To Volvo”.   Auto

Express . Retrieved 14 November 2014.

[31] Mihnea Radu.  “Volvo Unveils XC90 Excellence 4-Seat

Luxury SUV for Chinese Market”.  autoevolution.

[32] Jason Fogelson. “2016 Volvo XC90 Test Drive And Re-

view: Refining The SUV”.  Forbes .

[33]   “2016 Volvo XC90 Interior - U.S. News Best Cars”.

[34]  “Models - All-New XC90 - Technical Data - Volvo Car

Group Global Media Newsroom”. Media.volvocars.com.

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[35] Ramey, Jay (27 April 2015). “Flagship Premiere”.

Autoweek  65 (8): 16–17.

[36] Diana T. Kurylko (14 May 2012).   “Volvo’s goal: Con-

quest more luxury-vehicle buyers”.   Automotive News .

[37] Jack Ewing (26 August 2014). “Volvo Introduces Its First

S.U.V. Made Under Chinese Ownership”.  The New York 

Times . Retrieved 26 August 2014.

[38]   “New Plug-in Hybrid Volvo XC90 Boasts 400 Horse-

power”. AutoTrader.com. Retrieved 5 November 2014.

[39]  “The all-new Volvo XC90”. Volvo Car Group. 21 Octo-

ber 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.

[40] Mildenhall, Owen (2 October 2014).  “New 2015 Volvo

XC90 revealed in Paris: pics, specs, video and full de-

tails”.  Auto Express . Retrieved 5 November 2014.

[41] Dowling, Joshua(27 August 2014). “World’s safest soccer

mum car”. News.com.au. Retrieved 19 September 2015.

[42] Joshua Dowling (3 August 2015).   “World’s safest fam-ily SUV, the new Volvo XC90, goes on sale in Australia

today”. News.com.au. Retrieved 19 September 2015.

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6   5 EXTERNAL LINKS 

[43]   “XC90 features integrated radar and camera system”. Ae-

plus.com. 6 October 2014. Retrieved 19 September

2015.

[44]   “How 5000 Aussie lives will be saved”. Retrieved 10 Au-

gust 2015.

[45]  “2014 Volvo XC90 SUV AWD”. U.S. Department ofTransportation. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[46]   “Euro NCAP – Volvo XC90 D5 'Momentum', LHD

(2015)". euroncap.com. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

Report

[47]  “2016 Volvo XC90 Midsize luxury SUV”. iihs.org. Re-

trieved 30 September 2015.

[48] Jeff Cobb (2 September 2015).   “August 2015 Dash-

board”.   HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates . Re-

trieved 4 September 2015.

[49]  “2016 Yahoo Autos Tech Ride of the Year: Apple, An-

droid And Volvo”. Yahoo!. Retrieved 17 November

2015.

[50]   “2016 Yahoo Autos Ride of the Year: Volvo XC90”. Ya-

hoo!. Retrieved 18 November 2015.

[51]   “Honda, Volvo top awards at Detroit show”. Yahoo!. Re-

trieved 13 January 2016.

[52]   “Volvo XC90 Inscription-D5 review - NRMA 2015 Aus-

tralia’s best cars winner AWD SUV $65,000-$125,000”.

australiasbestcars.com.au. Retrieved 2016-02-25.

[53]   “2016 SA Carof theYear: Andthe winneris...”. News24.

8 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

5 External links

•  Official 2016 Volvo XC90 Luxury SUV Australia

•   Official 2016 Volvo XC90 Luxury SUV UnitedStates

•  Official 2016 Volvo XC90 Luxury SUV Sweden

•  Official 2016 Volvo XC90 Luxury SUV UK

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7

6 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1 Text

•   Volvo XC90  Source:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_XC90?oldid=709069717  Contributors:  Greenman, Bobblewik, Quadell, Sfos-kett, Andros 1337, Arthur Holland, Sietse Snel, Bobo192, Gene Nygaard, Gpthurston, Jagvar, Diego440, Rjwilmsi, Wikibofh, FlaBot,Jeepo~enwiki, Jared Preston, Peterl, YurikBot, RussBot, Arado, Bleakcomb, Robert Moore, Snowfalcon, CecilWard, Dahlis, Ajvphilp,

Snowroseus, SmackBot, Bjelleklang, 1c3d0g, Gilliam, Bluebot, BrendelSignature, Qura~enwiki, Htra0497, MisterZed, Morio, Ohcon-fucius, ManiacK, Scoty6776, Langhorner, Hu12, AbsolutDan, Jwhyte, Van helsing, Sable232, NaBUru38, NickW557, Cydebot, Carz-maniac, Puchscooter, Thijs!bot, Nick Number, Bull-Doser, CZmarlin, CodeNaked, OSX, IFCAR, SiobhanHansa, Americanfacts101,Keith D, CommonsDelinker, J.delanoy, Warrakkk, 72Dino, DH85868993, ACBest, Packa (renamed sock), VolkovBot, Romeotango, CR-Gawali, Typ932, AlleborgoBot, NHRHS2010, SieBot, Carmaker1, WRK, BStarky, Flyer22 Reborn, Raiderboi8888, LarRan, ClueBot,Mariordo, Vladev, Mild Bill Hiccup, LUUSAP, Anecdote, Niceguyedc, Zvrkljati, 842U, Teutonic Tamer, DumZiBoT, Wikiuser100,MTan355, Addbot, Tstu, Blethering Scot, SiYrous, Trevor Marron, Abadie, Sookenon, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Amirobot, Pineapple fez,AnomieBOT, Well known person, Mr.choppers, MR.Texan281, Corvettec6r, Erik9bot, Abbedabb, Chevymontecarlo, TobeBot, Future-war, RjwilmsiBot, TGCP, John of Reading, MrFawwaz, TheAutoJunkie, LukeDeller, Donner60, Impale, ClueBot NG, Catlemur, Vanishe-dUser sdu8asdasd, BG19bot, Carlytebbet, Urbanoc, , Nosturkye, BattyBot, ChrisGualtieri, Khazar2, Coldbolt, Miamiheat631,VX1NG, Aero777, Bahooka, Bl1zz4rd-editor, Ioncic, Krghanta, MichaelRonalds, Jaqwiew, Suppamannn, HakeemNexcare, Manno001,EurovisionNim, Jaredclce, Alan Douglas 240, Bilar01, Jacobpinkham, Julietdeltalima, Huskymaddog, Bikedad, Clippedy, Wolwiggins,Buffingp, Carlintz, Paisley Pirate, ConservativeLiberalist, Ebrinsfield, TheMariuzaz, Kenbur92 and Anonymous: 183

6.2 Images•   File:2010_Volvo_XC90_(P28)_D5_wagon_(2010-10- 16).jpg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/2010_

Volvo_XC90_%28P28%29_D5_wagon_%282010-10-16%29.jpg  License:  Public domain Contributors:  Own work Original artist:  OSX

•   File:2015_Volvo_XC90_Black_Interior.jpg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/ff/2015_Volvo_XC90_Black_Interior.jpg  License:   Fair use  Contributors:  Original publication: Volvo Car Group Global Newsroom website, as part of numerousimages depicting the new vehicle.

Immediate source:   https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/models/all-new-xc90/2015/photos#!page=2   Original artist:   VolvoCar Group

•   File:2015_Volvo_XC90_Rear.jpg Source:   https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/be/2015_Volvo_XC90_Rear.jpg License:   Fairuse Contributors:  Original publication: Volvo Car Group Global Newsroom website, as part of numerous images depicting the newvehicle.

Immediate source:   https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/models/all-new-xc90/2015/photos#!page=1   Original artist:   VolvoCar Group

•   File:Commons-logo.svg Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License:  CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contribu-

tors:  ?  Original artist:  ?

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tributors:    Made with  Inkscape   from   Stars615.svg: <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stars615.svg' class='image'><imgalt='Stars615.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Stars615.svg/96px-Stars615.svg.png' width='96'height='17' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Stars615.svg/144px-Stars615.svg.png 1.5x,https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Stars615.svg/192px-Stars615.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='640' data-file-height='110' /></a>.  Original artist:  This vector image was created with Inkscape by Conti from the original images by   RedHotHeat,and then manually edited.

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Made with Inkscape from Image:Stars615.svg.  Original artist:  User:Conti from the original images by User:RedHotHeat

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6.3 Content license

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