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Volvo 900 Series

The  Volvo 900 Series   is a range of  executive cars pro-

duced by the Swedish manufacturer  Volvo Cars   from

1990[1] to 1998.[1] The900 Series was introduced in 1990

to replace the 700 Series from which it derived. Prior to

the end of its production, the series was renamed as the

Volvo S90   (saloon) and  Volvo V90   (estate), becoming

the last rear-wheel-drive cars from Volvo.

Visible differences between the 700 and the 900 Series

included redesigned rear styling of the saloon models (late

700 estates and early 900 estates are visually identical.)

The 960 was introduced in 1991 along with a new familyof modular engines, and then was substantially revised

for the 1995 model year, improving the handling. The

range was first augmented and finally supplanted by the

Volvo 850 in 1993, with the last of the 900s being sold

in 1998. Some 900 Series were built as chassis for am-

bulances and hearses after the main production run had

been completed.

1 Volvo 940

Volvo 940 saloon (US)

Volvo 940 GL saloon (AU)

The Volvo 940 is among the last in the long-running line

of large rear-wheel drive cars from Volvo.

Introduced in September 1990, the 940 was essentially

a cosmetic reskin of the 740.[3] All drivetrains, and most

options available in the 940 had been available in the 740,

with the exception of the 780 Coupé. The 940 was more

closely related to the 740 than the 760, sharing the same

dashboard, drivetrain choices, and sheet metal from the

A-pillar forward. In contrast, the 960 was an evolution

of the 760. The 760 / 960 front sheet metal, indepen-

dent rear suspension, dashboard, and other interior fea-

tures were all exclusive to the two upscale models. The

estate, introduced in May 1991, was even harder to tellapart from its 745 predecessor.

The engines remained largely the same as for the 740,

with 2-litre and 2.3-litre four cylinder gasoline engines,

either naturally aspirated or turbocharged, as well as the

familiar 2.4-litre Volkswagen six-cylinder diesel and tur-

bodiesels being fitted. There were also sixteen valve ver-

sions of the gasoline engines, with a turbocharged version

of the 2.0 16V available in some markets with tight tax

limits, such as Italy, Belgium, and Portugal. An inter-

esting version added somewhat later was a low-pressure

turbocharged version of the B230 – maximum power was

only up slightly, from 131 to 135 PS (96 to 99 kW), buttorque increased throughout the range and the car suf-

fered from virtually no turbo lag because of the small

size of the charger. The 155 PS (114 kW) turbocharged

2.0 was first presented in February 1991,[3] originally in-

tended for Italy and other such markets it was later also

installed in the British market 940 SE.

The SE badge was in fact one of the more confusing

badges. In the US, the 940 SE was in fact a 960 Turbo

with the four-cylinder B230FT engine, the 940 SE badge

presumably chosen by Volvo in order to maintain the link

between name and number of cylinders. In Sweden, the

940 SE was an ordinary non-turbo 940 with some op-tional extras as standard, most notably painted mirrors

and bumpers. In the UK, the 940 SE was a 2-litre Turbo

with some extras as standard aimed specifically at the

company car market as 2-litre engines receive a tax ben-

efit. In Thailand the 940 SE was a Turbo (LPT) model

with leather seats, ABS brakes and SRS Airbag.

1.1 North America

In the United States, the 1991 940 was offered in three

versions: the 940GLE used a DOHC 16-valve version of

the 2.3-litre engine with a 6,000 rpm redline. The 940Turbo used a turbocharged 2.3-litre engine, and the top-

end 940SE (turbo) included body-coloured trim, and the

1

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2   2 VOLVO 960

premium features (leather, power seats/moonroof, etc.)

as standard equipment.

Volvo 940 estate (Australia)

This is one of the Volvo vehicles that was produced at

Volvo’s former manufacturing facility in  Halifax, NovaScotia. In 1993, 940s built at that plant were affixed with

roundels at the rear window, to celebrate the plant’s 30th

anniversary.

In 1991, the 940 GLE was downgraded with a 114 bhp

2.3-litre 4-cylinder engine and sold as the 940 GL (or ba-

sic 940 in some export markets). The 940 SE was in actu-

ality a 960 Turbo soldas the 940 SE, while the 940 Turbo

remained largely unchanged. Production of the 940 Se-

ries ended on 5 February 1998.

2 Volvo 960

2.1 1990–1994

Autumn of 1990 marked the launch of the Volvo 960 in

time for the 1991 model year. This was the replacement

for the 760. The 1991 960 was an evolutionary progres-

sion of the 1990 760, but it was also one of the first cars

to feature the work of British designer Peter Horbury.

Volvo 960 estate (US)

The most significant change was that, in most markets,

the 960 was offered with an all-new aluminium 24-valve

DOHC inline six-cylinder engine, often referred to as“white block” in the Volvo community due to its bare alu-

minium block. Maximum power was 204 PS (150 kW) at

6,000 rpm. Some markets, such as Australia and Japan,

saw 1991 960s equipped with the same B280E/F V6 en-

gine (145 PS or 107 kW at 5,100 rpm) that had powered

the 1990 760.[5] The 1992 model year saw the U.S. in-

troduction of the DOHC inline six-cylinder engine. For

the Italian and Portuguese markets, the 960 was avail-

able with the16v 2-litre turbo (190/200 PS, 140/147 kW)from September 1990 until September 1993 along with

the inline sixes. Certain markets also received the 2.3

litre turbo 'Redblock' four, with 165 PS (121 kW) and

the Volkswagen built D24TIC with 116 or 122 PS (85 or

90 kW).[6]

The 960 received incremental changes for the 1992,

1993, and 1994 model years. Most visible were the new

more shapely seats, and redesigned seat-belts with hy-

draulic pretensioners for 1992. 1993 saw a new more

ergonomic shifter, and in 1994 dual front airbags were

introduced in some markets. The opaque sunroof was re-

placed by a sliding sunshade and glass window. In 1994,the US version of the 3-litre six was tuned for more torque

and a less peaky power delivery in favor of U.S. emissions

regulations, with 181 PS (133 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 270

N·m (199 lb·ft) at 4,100 rpm (as opposed to 267 N·m or

197 lb·ft at 4,300 rpm for the rest of the world).[7]

A small coachbuilder in  Laholm, Sweden, called Nils-

son, worked under contract with Volvo to supply the

stretched 960 Executive (and later Royal model, with

Hermes leather interior). Nilsson provided a number of

different lengths and sealed the window in the c-pillar, for

more privacy in the rear. The Executive had longer rear

doors, longer versions had inserts behind the b-pillar.

For North America, the 1992–1994 Volvo 960s were

built in Kalmar, Sweden. The very first Volvo 960 for

the US-market rolled off the assembly line on August 12,

1991 as a 1992 model. The 1995 to 1998 960s were built

in Göteborg, Sweden. The first 1995 model year (facelift)

960 was built on June 27, 1994.

2.2 1994–1998

In 1994 (for the 1995 model year) the 960 received a

facelift, including changes to the grille and body-colouredpanels.[7] A smaller 2.5 version of the six-cylinder (2,473

cc) was also added to the lineup, with 170 or 180 PS (125

or 132 kW) for the B6244FS version.

Only the modular six-cylinder engines were available

from model year 1995 on. The front suspension was re-

designed to more closely match that of the 850. The rear

suspension received a completely redesigned multi-link

independent system with a single fibreglass transverse leaf

spring. The 1995 estate received independent rear sus-

pension. Volvo reported that the single composite leaf

spring used in the rear suspension of the 960 estate had

the same mass as just one of the two springs it replaced.[8]

Boge’s Nivomat self-levelling rear suspension system be-

came an option rather than standard equipment.

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3

Volvo 960 saloon

Volvo 960 estate (US)

Trim levels were GLT and SE for European markets.

From 1996, Volvo renamed the 960 in select markets as

Volvo S90  (saloon) and  Volvo V90  (estate) in alignment

with the letter-and-number naming scheme used on their

other models. This renaming applied to several European

countries in late 1996, in North America from late 1996

for the 1997 model year, and in Australia from March

1997. Thenew name coincided with an improved air con-

ditioning system.

All US cars were equipped with an electronically con-

trolled Aisin AW-series automatic transmission. Begin-

ning in the 1995 model year, European cars with the 2.5

L engines were also available with a manual transmission,

the so-called M90, a strong new design that was derived

from the Volvo 850’s transmission. With the demise of

the 2.5 L engine, the M90 was paired with a detuned ver-

sion (180 PS or 132 kW) of the 3.0 L engine.

Volvo S90 saloon (US)

Production of the 960 and its S90 and V90 derivativesended on 5 February 1998.

The S90/V90 nameplate is set to return when Volvo in-

troduces its new flagship model in 2016.[9]

3 Volvo S90

In 2016, the S90 and V90 badges will return on two newluxury models replacing the current models, S80 and V70

respectively. They will be based on Volvo’s SPA platform

and feature similar engines to the ones available for the

Volvo XC90.

4 Specifications

4.1 Engines

These engines were offered in the 900 Series vehicles over

the years:

•   B200E: 2.0 L inline-4, naturally aspirated, Bosch K-

Jetronic 115 hp (86 kW)

•   B200F: 2.0 L inline-4, naturally aspirated, Bosch

LH-Jetronic 111 hp (83 kW)

•   B200K: 2.0 L inline-4, naturally aspirated, Renix ig-

nition, 200K had standard head unlike 230K

•   B200ET: 2.0 L inline-4, turbocharged, Bosch

Motronic engine management (155 hp)[16]

•   B200FT: 2.0 L inline-4, turbocharged, Bosch LH-

Jetronic 156 hp (116 kW)

•   B204E: 2.0 L 16-valve,  DOHC, inline-4, naturally

aspirated

•   B204F: 2.0 L 16-valve, DOHC, inline-4, naturally

aspirated and catalyzed

•   B204FT: 2.0 L 16-valve, DOHC, inline-4, tur-

bocharged

•   B204GT: 2.0 L 16-valve, DOHC, inline-4, tur-

bocharged

•   B230E: 2.3 L inline-4, naturally aspirated, Bosch K-

Jetronic fuel injection

•   B230F: 2.3 L inline-4, naturally aspirated, 114 hp

•   B230K: 2.3 L inline-4, naturally aspirated, Renix

ignition,  Heron  head (introduced for the '85 model

year)

•   B230ET: 2.3 L inline-4, turbocharged, Bosch

Motronic (introduced in the '85 model year)

•   B230FK: 2.3 L inline-4, turbocharged, Low Pres-

sure Turbo ('95— )

•   B230FT: 2.3 L inline-4,  turbocharged, 162 hp

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4   7 EXTERNAL LINKS 

•   B234F: 2.3 L 16-valve, DOHC, inline-4, naturally

aspirated, 153 hp

•   B230FB: 2.3 L inline-4, naturally aspirated

•   B280E: 2.8 L   V6, naturally aspirated, Bosch LH-

Jetronic 2.2, 154 hp (115 kW) Nordic or 168 hp

(125 kW) European version even fire crankshaft

•   B280F: 2.8 L V6, naturally aspirated, Bosch LH-

Jetronic 147 hp (110 kW), even fire crankshaft

•   D24: 2.4 L inline-6 diesel, 82 hp (61 kW), naturally

aspirated (Volkswagen)

•   D24T: 2.4 L inline-6,   turbodiesel, 109 hp (81

kW), variant of the LT35 engine manufactured by

Volkswagen

•   D24TIC: 2.4 L inline-6, turbodiesel, intercooled,

122 hp (91 kW), variant of the LT35 engine manu-

factured by Volkswagen

•   B6244/B6254: 2.5 L 24-valve inline-6, naturally as-

pirated

•   B6304: 2.9 L 24-valve inline-6, naturally aspirated

[17]

4.2 Transmissions

Volvo offered various transmissions depending on the

year/model/engine combinations including the:

•   M46 manual transmission (4-speed +  Laycock de

Normanville overdrive)

•  M47 manual transmission (5-speed)

•   M90 manual transmission (5-speed)

•   AW30-40 electronically controlled automatic trans-

mission (4-speed, lockup torque converter)

•   AW70/AW70L automatic transmission (3-speed +

overdrive, lockup torque converter on some models)

•   AW71 automatic transmission (3-speed + overdrive)

•   AW72L   automatic transmission (4-speed, lockup

torque converter)

•  ZF4HP22 automatic transmission (4-speed, lockup

torque converter)

5 Notes

6 References

[1]   https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/media/

pressreleases/10669/1990-1999-a-historical-review

[2]   http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1995/1995_940/

95940_9_1.html#specs

[3]   Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1992  (in Italian).

Milano: Editoriale Domus S.p.A. 1992. pp. 1169–1172.

[4]   http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1998/1998_

SV90/98S90_125.htm#129

[5]   “Exchange: Volvo 960 Basegrade”. Goo-net. Retrieved

2010-12-03.

[6]   Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1992  (in Italian).

Milano: Editoriale Domus S.p.A. 1992. pp. 1173–1174.

[7]   “Press launch information pack– Volvo 960 1995” (PDF).

Volvo Car Corporation. June 1994.

[8]   Composite leaf springs - Volvo

[9] Holder, Jim (14 April 2015).   “2016 Volvo S90 to rival

Jaguar XF”. Autocar. Retrieved 24 July 2015.

[10]   http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1993/1993_940/

93940_9_1.html#9.5

[11]  http://www.volvopartswebstore.com/showAssembly.

aspx?ukey_assembly=243755&ukey_make=865&

ukey_model=11969

[12]   http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1997/1997_960/

97960_901.htm#9:3

[13]   http://780coupe.com/technical-info/

[14]   https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/tech/data/

700-900DataSheet91_94-Sec2c.pdf

[15]   http://www.volvotips.com/index.php/940-960/

volvo-940-960-buyers-guide/

[16] Lindh, Björn-Eric (1986).   Volvo: The Cars – From the

20s to the 80s  (2nd English ed.). Malmö, Sweden: För-

lagshuset Norden. p. 214.  ISBN 91-86442-14-7.

[17]   http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/

road-test-volvo-940-1585774.html

7 External links

•   Volvo Cars Heritage

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5

8 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1 Text

•   Volvo 900 Series   Source:   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvo_900_Series?oldid=710422106  Contributors:   Kierant, SidP, Bobrayner,

Vossanova, Jimp, Lavenderbunny, SmackBot, Hmains, SilkTork, Cydebot, OSX, IFCAR, Magioladitis, Arrivisto, VolkovBot, Marlow925,

GTHO, Lotsofmagnets, 842U, Christian Giersing, Addbot, Yobot, Xqbot, Mr.choppers, MerlLinkBot, GliderMaven, John of Read-

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