There is a hidden meaning in every moment of life- Ramesh Kumar Bung. 01

Editor : Ranjana Sharma Associate Editor : A. V. Rama Rao

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Volume - VIII | Issue : 5 | Price : ` 1/-

From the Chairman’s Desk

WHAT IS FREEDOM?Freedom is a responsibility. A soldier has the freedom to possess a gun unlike other citizens. The media has the freedom to use their pen. A child may have the freedom to use any electronic gadget of his or her choice. All these freedoms, if not exercised responsibly, will soon cease to exist. For instance, a soldier pulling the trigger at his will would end up being court marshalled; when a child uses his electronic gadgets even during the days when he has exams will soon learn to be without them as his parents, in the interest of the child, would withdraw the freedom of possessing an electronic gadget. Similarly, we as Indians believe freedom means the right to enjoy. We are more conscious of our rights and less conscious of our duties. Ironically, unless we are duty conscious and more aware of what is happening around us, we may lose the freedom which we gained after so many years of struggle. The joy of being disciplined about waking up at a scheduled time every morning is in the freedom to get up spontaneously after waking up. People who are indisciplined about their waking up schedules have to wage a war with themselves every morning in bed… their own mind versus their own body…. their desire versus their will. On the contrary, waking up is not World War III for a disciplined person. The discipline to exercise not only gives in return the freedom of health, but also frees up you from a sense of impotency caused by wanting to do something in life and not being able to do it. The discipline of punctuality enables one to plan his schedules better and hence gives the freedom to live a relaxed day. Indiscipline towards time and schedules leads

to procrastination and stress. Freedom has no meaning without discipline. Freedom without discipline is licentiousness. It is said in sports that a captain is only as good as his team. Similarly, a country is only as good as his countrymen. How can a country be great, when after 70 years of independence, its countrymen need a government-sponsored movement to keep their surroundings clean? Is not it a matter of shame that we do not take pride in being an Indian? When we do not take pride in the country where we are born and brought up, how do we expect to be respected on a foreign soil? It is no wonder that we are treated as second class citizens in the West. Their logic is simple. When a person does not have pride in his own country, what kind of integrity can one expect from him on a foreign soil? Every country has its own set of problems. There are many who, amidst all adversities, rise to the occasion. Take the case of Subhasini Mistry, a poor lady from Bengal who toiled for over 20 years as a housemaid. She even did daily labour in paddy fields and sold vegetables to build a hospital for the poor in Hanspukar, West Bengal. This hospital began as a clinic in a small hut, but today it has a capacity of 45 beds and an additional 10 beds for the intensive care unit (ICU). This poor lady was forced to marry a daily wage labourer at the age of 12 and became a widow at the age of 23. She could not save her sick husband owing to her inability to afford medical care for him. This was the driving force behind her decision to build a hospital for the poor in her community. She sent her only son to an orphanage; he studied hard to become a doctor. He treats patients in the same hospital set up by his mother, who is 75 years old now. There are many like Subhasini who have a strong cause which propels them to rise above their problems and make a mark in society. There are others who keep blaming the country, while others just leave the country. A leader who represents the country can only be

as good as its countrymen. I wish to share an interesting incident in this regard. On one occasion, the Israeli PM received a gift from Khaled Mashal, the leader of HAMAS-one of the Palestinian terrorist organisations. After a routine security check, the gift was opened for Netanyahu (the PM of Israel). It contained a box with a letter addressed to the PM. It said, 'For you and the proud people of the Zionist entity'. The box was filled with cow dung. The PM, who incidentally was literate in Arabic, responded immediately with a return gift for Khaled. Khaled's security personnel did routine checks before opening gift; they found a note along with the gift. The gift was a tiny computer chip which was chargeable with solar energy, had 1.8 TB memory and could output a 3D hologram display capable of functioning in any type of cellular phone, tablet or laptop. It was one of the most advanced technological gadgets with a tiny label stating that this item was 'invented and produced in Israel'. Netanyahu's personally handwritten note stated very courteously, 'Every leader can only give the best his people can produce'. To sum up, hoisting the national flag, distributing sweets, flying kites and singing patriotic songs are not all there is to celebrate Independence Day. It is time we raise the bar of our thought process beyond these rituals; we need to introspect. Mere Independence Day rituals alone are not going to lift our country. Along with all the usual celebrations, can we also introspect and so do something more meaningful? Let us plan and celebrate this year 's Independence Day with more duty-conscious approach in every walk of our lives. Let us begin from where we can begin; we have four months to plan and execute our plan. I am sure that when each one of us adopts this approach, we can certainly shape and India that our freedom fighters like Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose had dreamt of.

Purshotamdas Mandhana

It is not the outside of a gas balloon, but it is the inside of it that takes it to the top- Ramesh Kumar Bung.02

Birth was not your choice. Death will not be your choice. The way you

choose to live your life between these two terminals of birth and death

is absolutely your choice. Make such choices that you are able to

design your own destiny. As a child, you were comfortable in being dependent. From cleaning you to feeding you to making you sleep…. everything was done for you by others. However, the transition of moving around, developing your own motor skills, having to sleep by yourself was not comfortable. The transition from absolute dependency to becoming semi-independent is never comfortable. But understand, the dependency phase is less comfortable compared to higher comfort of independence. Growth is your willingness to evolve from lesser comfort to higher comfort through uncomfortable transitions. This is the law of life. People who do not want the transitions resist change. They stay in their comfort zone. And remember, there is no growth in the comfort zone. In the name of contentment, you simply remain stagnant. From pregnancy to motherhood of holding your little one in your arms, the transition is never comfortable for you, as a woman. However, without that transition, you cannot bring a new life into existence. Similarly, you cannot gift yourself a new life without your willingness to embrace the uncomfortable transition of life. Cycle to a bike, two-wheeler to a four-wheeler, college life to a professional life, a carefree single to a responsible couple, employment to entrepreneurship, life based values to a value based life, business to an organisation, 'me, mine, myself' to leadership, scarcity to abundance…. Every evolution involves uncomfortable transition but that is the only way from lower comfort to a higher

comfort…. That is the only way to growth. Life is not designed for status quo. It is designed for movement, momentum, evolution, flow…. GROWTH. That, which does not change, does not grow. That, which does not grow, dies. Growth needs transformation. Transformation needs change. Change needs transition. And, transitions are never comfortable. This derivative simply means, there is nothing called comfortable growth. It takes what it takes. There is no easy way to the top and those who make it to the top did not make it easy. The summary is before change-lower comfort. Transition is never comfortable. After change-there is higher comfort. If you are easy on yourself, life will be tough on you. And, if you are tough on yourself, life will be easy on you. Might as well, be tough on yourself, embrace the uncomfortable transitions of life, grow from lower to higher comforts of life, and thus live a life of abundance. Happily welcome the transitions of life. 'Feeling settled in life' is a myth. In a dynamic ever-changing world, how can you be static? You will be left behind. With or without you, the world will move on. A legend always keeps his/her life in transition. 'What next? What else? What more? How else?' is the Mantra of a legend. You are better than you think you are. But to discover that, you have to leave your comfort zones. Life is not a choice between comfort and transitions. It is a choice between lower and higher comfort. Transitions are mere pathways to growth. So, stop feeling negative about transitions and start having a positive association to transitions. Abundant life is nothing more than transition management.

Ramesh Kumar Bung

Chairman - Emeritus INKSChairman - Emeritus INKS

10 PASSWORDS YOU SHOULD NEVER USE ONLINE

Now that we live in a digital age where we have a million different online accounts, from Amazon and eBay to banking and email, it's more crucial than ever to be cybersafe. One easy and important way to do this is to use strong passwords and make it harder for potential hackers to commit cybercrime. Even though this may sound obvious, many people still have the 'it won't happen to me' attitude and opt for simple, hackable passwords – mainly so they are easy to remember. In fact, the same password is often used across many different accounts, making it even easier for hackers to gain access to them all.

Enter the annual list of 'Worst Passwords of the Year' – a useful guide that reminds us what not to do when trying to protect our personal information and data online. Splash Data, the password management provider, created the list for 2017 by compiling data from five million leaked passwords from users in North America and Western Europe. Here they are...

10 worst passwords of 2017: (1) 123456 (2) Password (3) 12345678 (4) Qwerty (5) 12345 (6) 123456789 (7) Let me in (8) 1234567 (9) Football (10) I love you

If you use one of these passwords, or something similarly simple, then it might be time to change it. Read the advice below on how to pick a better password... Tips on how to choose a stronger password: (1) It's best to use at least 12 characters. (2) Combine upper and lowercase letters and symbols. (3) Don't use personal information or commonly used words. (4) Do not use the same password for different accounts. (5) Include symbols, such as $,?,% @, in sporadic places. Though these new passwords might be trickier to remember, they'll keep you much safer from a cyber attack.

T. Girish HO: IT

MAGNETISE ABUNDANCE

HOW TO STICK TO YOUR RESOLUTIONS?

My Dear Colleagues,

We always strive to be a little better than what we were yesterday. So, every year, when the New Year dawns, we enthusiastically make resolutions during the first week, which end up being forgotten as the year progresses. We always want to make at least 10 promises to ourselves to make important changes in our lives and the dawn of a new year seems like the best time to do so with a new page and chapter in our life. However, it turns out to be a disaster. To implement the resolution, you have to follow a method to form a habit. Here is a step-by-step process to help you do the same:List the benefits of making such a change in your Life: When you make a New Year resolution, think about how it will be of importance to you. Make a list about how, if you did whatever you have resolved to do, it would be helpful to you on a day-to-day basis. Remind yourself every morning about your resolutions: Take an extra step to embed it in your head. Make your resolution your phone wallpaper or write it prominently on a sheet of paper and stick it on your walls so that you see it every morning. It becomes all the more effective. In many cases, the journal keeping helps enormously.

Make yourself a powerful magnet by introspecting on three components: (1) Are your dominant thoughts and feelings right? (2) Are your processes in congruence with your desires? (3) What are your efforts towards making your energy levels high? Firstly, whatever are your dominant thoughts and feelings that become the direction of your magnet, and you attract more of it into your life, and repel the counter possibilities. This explains why the rich get richer and poor become poorer. If you are abundant conscious, then that is what you will attract into your life. If you are scarcity conscious, then that is what you will attract into your life. It also explains why for some people everything is a problem and why for nothing is unsolvable. It is their dominant thoughts and feelings that make it so. Secondly, your processes must be in congruence with your desires. It is an eternal law that we do not get in life what we desire, but we only get in life what we deserve. It is only by getting our processes in congruence with our desires that we deserve their fulfilment. It takes what it takes to be healthy and fit: Discipline. Unless you are tough on yourself, life will not be easy on you. Unless you are willing to subordinate your likes and dislikes, you cannot fulfil the purpose of your life. To be a Numero Uno, you got to be the best in what you do. Competence magnetises the divine grace. If you want the best from life, you got to give your best to life. Without process excellence, there cannot be excellence in results. Consistently do this process-audit: 'Are my processes in congruence with my desires?' Thirdly, you need to have connectivity to a source of energy: a place or a person. A house can be run with a residential electricity connection, but not a factory. A factory would need an industrial connection.

Take it slow: There could be a possibility that there are 10 things on your list. However, start with one or two things at a time. Don't stop if you have not moved forward, or even if you have had to take a step back. Tell yourself that you are human after all. And it is okay to stumble. Create milestones for your journey forward: Appreciate yourself if you do adhere to your goals. You are bound to feel wonderful about yourself. It will also give you the motivation to continue. To Me, time is important: Make sure to take a break every now and then to just do what makes you happy. If you are replacing something you like with something that you are not fond of, it will not work out in the long run. So, always keep something that you like doing in your routine. To keep up with the change of habit in your life, assess yourself every week or month depending on what your end goal is. Start with one or two changes. You cannot change the entire course of your plans overnight. Give it time. It will come to you as long as you keep reaching for it with commitment and hard work.

Cordially yours, Umesh Chand Asawa

Similarly, our private reserve of energy is enough for us to meet up with our day-to-day demands. However, h igher the idea l s , b i g g e r t h e g o a l s , deeper the purpose, then greater are the needs for high reserves of energy. Places of worship, irrespective of the religion, are supposedly spaces with high vibrations. That is why some spaces fill people with vibrations. Spiritually evolved people are supposedly the souls with high vibrations. That is why some people fill spaces with vibrations. For your inner magnet to work effectively, your energy reserves must be high. Stay connected to a spiritual source. The more you stay in the presence of a rose garden, the more you will begin to smell roses. Find something to hold on to and hold on to it with complete faith. Keep introspecting regularly; if the above three components are taken care, you will become a powerful magnet. You are designed for abundance. You deserve abundance. You got to magnetise abundance.

Ranjana SharmaDeputy General Manager / Editor

MD & CEO SPEAKS

Every human being has within the seed of greatness- Ramesh Kumar Bung. 03

Let life be beautiful because of the world- Ramesh Kumar Bung.04

Drinking water on empty stomach immediately after waking up: The consumption of water on empty stomach is beneficial against some illnesses such as- Headache, body pains, heart issues, epilepsy, bronchitis, asthma, TB, meningitis, kidney issues, etc., Immediately after waking up, before washing your teeth, on an empty stomach- consume 160 ml of water, 4 times or 640 ml. Brush your teeth, but don't consume or drink anything for the next 45 minutes. Once the 45 minutes have passed, you can now eat or drink whatever you like.This method has the ability to heal various illnesses, and if you are healthy you will gain extra energy that is given by the consumption of water. How many days are required for this treatment? For increased blood pressure, 30 days required. For gastric 10 days are needed. For diabetes – 30 days are required. For constipation- 10 days are needed. For TB- 90 days are required. If you want, you actually implement this method of drinking water on an empty stomach for your entire life. It will be extremely beneficial for you.

Swapna Priya, Receptionist

WATER THERAPYWATER THERAPYWATER THERAPY

VAIN DISPLAY A farmer was going to town by walk. He had a five rupee coin and a stone in his pocket. The coin was brand new. It was glittering and shining. The stone was rough and black. The coin was getting irritated by seeing the ugly stone. Moreover, it was hitting the coin frequently whenever the farmer's jolts while walking. The five rupee coin said ridiculously with the stone: 'Don't touch me. Behave yourself. I am not a valueless stone like you. People call me money. With me, food items, several things can be purchased. Do you know that money makes many things?' Stone looked at the coin with commendation as if it has accepted the version of the coin. With that look, ego of the coin doubled. It has started narrating its greatness like how many hands it changed so far, the things that can be bought with it, etc., Stone continued to listen to the boasts of the coin peacefully. In the meantime, there came the fragrance of burning maize stalks on fire coals. 'It would have been better if this farmer purchases maize stalks by giving me to the vendor. I would be joining my colleague coins in his cash box. I am unable to withstand your dirty presence any more in this pocket', said the coin. Stone accepted the fact sincerely and said, 'It is true'. But the farmer did not stop and continued his walk. When the lunch time neared, he sat under a tree, opened his lunch box, mixed pickle with rice and curd and ate bellyful. Later, he relaxed for some time under the shade of the tree. He got up after half an hour and started speaking to somebody. Coin and stone understood that he was conversing with his friend who was on his way back from town to village. The peasant said: 'In fact, I was going to town to meet you only. At the time of his death, my father had handed over this stone to me. Can you tell me how much does this stone value? You are not only a dealer in diamonds but also a gemmologist'. Then he kept the stone in his friend's hand. His friend tested the stone and was surprised a lot. He said: 'This is a raw diamond. If you get it polished, with its price, you can purchase all the villages in this vicinity'. When the coin heard these words, it was flabbergast. The farmer's eyes glittered with excitement and pleasure. He touched his eyes with the stone and kept it in his pocket. When the stone reached the pocket, coin stepped back with respect. It remained

silent and became ashamed of his pompousness and ostentatious attitude. Stone looked at the coin friendly and asked it for its silence. 'It was nice when you were talking all the way, friend', said it. Coin replied very modestly and with bashfulness. 'I could not realize your value and went on speaking about my greatness. Please pardon. Say one thing- Do you know earlier that you are invaluable diamond?' Stone said, 'Yes'. 'Then, when I was prattling about my value, why did you not reveal this?' asked coin. 'I require blemishless friendship. See, how modest are you now! If you know that I am a diamond, you would not have behaved naturally. Real value exists in friendship, behaviour and sincerity. Real worth cannot be measured in terms of money', answered the diamond. Coin was amazed at the way of thinking of the diamond. Stone neared the coin cordially. The conversation continued as usual between them happily.

G. AmarnathHO: ED

0 0-40 C = -40 F – How do you prove?

To convert Centigrade into Fahrenheit, the formula is C x 9/5 +32.

Now, - 40 degree Centigrade x 9/5 + 32 = -72+32 = -40 degree Fahrenheit.

HO:F&APreeti Awasthi,

FO/REST IN PEACE

WE HAVE KILLED OVER 7% OF THE WORLD'S FORESTS SINCE JUST THE TURN OF THE CENTURY.

LET US PLEDGE TO BRING THEM BACK TO LIFE, TREE BY TREE.

HO:F&AN. Aparna,

Let life be beautiful in spite of the world- Ramesh Kumar Bung. 05

BANK'S PROFIT REACHES `42.85 CRORE REGISTERING BANK'S PROFIT REACHES `42.85 CRORE REGISTERING A GROWTH OF 39.90% - REVEALS CHAIRMAN IN THE PRESS MEETA GROWTH OF 39.90% - REVEALS CHAIRMAN IN THE PRESS MEETBANK'S PROFIT REACHES `42.85 CRORE REGISTERING A GROWTH OF 39.90% - REVEALS CHAIRMAN IN THE PRESS MEET

India has 19 crore adults without a bank account despite the success of the

ambitious Jan Dhan Yojana, making it the world's second largest unbanked

population after China, the World Bank said on 19th April, 2018. Besides,

almost half of the bank accounts remained inactive in the past year, the

multilateral financial institution said in a report, even as it lauded the Indian

government's financial inclusion scheme, the Jan Dhan Yojana, for bringing

in additional 31 crore Indians into formal banking system by March 2018.

It also said the country's adult population with a bank account has more than

doubled to 80 % since 2011. The Jan Dhan Yojana was launched by the

government in 2014. As much as 11 % of the world's unbanked adults are in

India, according to the latest Global Findex Database released by the World

Bank on the sidelines of the annual Spring meeting of the International

Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Globally, 69 % of adults – 3.8 billion

people – now have an account at a bank or mobile money provider, a crucial

step in escaping poverty.

This is up from 62 % in 2014 and just 51 % in 2011. From 2014 to 2017, 515

million adults obtained an account, and 1.2 billion have done so since 2011,

according to the Global Findex database. The bank said China and India,

'Countenancing all unfavourable conditions of the market, Mahesh Bank attained a profit level of ̀ 42.85 crore for the year end 31.03.2018', said Sri

Purshotamdas Mandhana, Chairman at a Press Meet held at Hotel Mercure, Hyderabad on 25th of April, 2018. Sri Mandhana narrated the business

levels of the bank, growth rates, expansion of the branch network and several other developmental entities of the Bank.

Answering a question from the press, Sri Ramesh Kumar Bung, Chairman-Emeritus stated that the gross business of the Bank increased from ̀ 3329.30

crore to `3562.88 crore wherein deposits grew to the level of `2307.98 crore and advances went up to `1254.90 crore. Sri Rampal Attal, Vice

Chairman revealed that the Bank's Corporate Office built at Banjara Hills, centre of twin cities is in finishing stage and would be opened very soon.

Sri Umesh Chand Asawa, MD & CEO answered several questions raised by the press correspondents and also explained them about many

technological innovations introduced by the Bank.

despite having relatively high account ownership, claim large shares of the

global unbanked population because of their sheer size.

The government's massive push in 2014 to increase account ownership

through biometric identification cards has benefited traditionally excluded

groups, the World Bank said, but expressed concern that almost half of

account owners have an account that remained inactive in the past year. Part

of the explanation might be India's Jan-Dhan Yojana scheme, developed by

the government to increase account ownership, brought an additional 310

million Indians into the formal banking system by March 2018, many of

whom might not yet have had an opportunity to use their new account, it

said.

In India, the share of adults with an account has more than doubled since

2011, to 80 %, the World Bank said, adding that an important factor driving

this increase was a government policy launched in 2014 to boost account

ownership among unbanked adults through biometric identification cards.

“This policy benefited traditionally excluded groups and helped ensure

inclusive growth in account ownership,” the report said.

19 CRORE INDIAN ADULTS DON'T HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT: WORLD BANK

Sri Purshotamdas Mandhana, Chairman, Sri Ramesh Kumar Bung, Chairman-Emeritus, Sri Rampal Attal, Vice Chairman, Sri Umesh Chand Asawa, MD & CEO addressing the Press Meet arranged on 25.04.2018.

KUNDANLAL SAIGAL

What you give comes back to you in the circle of life- Ramesh Kumar Bung.06

[Born-Nawashehr, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, British India-Died-

(aged 42)-Jalandhar, Punjab, British India]

Kundanlal Saigal, often abbreviated as K. L. Saigal (11 April 1904 – 18

January 1947), was an Indian singer and actor who is considered the first

superstar of the Hindi film industry, which was centred in Kolkata during

Saigal's time, but is currently centred in Mumbai. Saigal was born on 11

April 1904 in Nawashehr, Jammu, where his father Amarchand Saigal was

a tehsildar at the court of the Raja of Jammu and Kashmir. His mother

Kesarbai Saigal was a deeply religious Hindu lady who was very fond of

music. She used to take her young son to religious functions where bhajan,

kirtan and shabad were sung in traditional styles based on classical Indian

music. Saigal was the fourth-born child of five and his formal schooling was

brief and uneventful. As a child he occasionally played Sita in the Ramlila

of Jammu.

Saigal dropped out of school and started earning money by working as a

railway timekeeper. Later, he worked as a typewriter salesman for the

Remington Typewriter Company, which allowed him to tour several parts

of India. His travels brought him to Lahore, where he befriended

Mehrchand Jain (who later went on to start the Assam Soap Factory in

Shillong) at the Anarkali Bazaar. Mehrchand and Kundan remained friends

when they both moved to Calcutta and had many a mehfil-e-mushaira. In

those days Saigal was a budding singer and Mehrchand encouraged him to

pursue his talent. Saigal often remarked that he was what he was because

of Mehrchand's encouragement and early support. He also briefly worked

as a hotel manager. Meanwhile, his passion for singing continued and

became more intense with the passage of time.

In the early 1930s, classical musician and music director Harishchandra

Bali brought K.L. Saigal to Calcutta and introduced him to R. C. Boral.

R.C. Boral took an instant liking to his talents. Saigal was hired by B. N.

Sircar's Calcutta-based film studio New Theatres on a contract of Rs. 200

per month. There he came into contact with contemporaries like Pankaj

Mullick, K. C. Dey and Pahari Sanyal.

Meanwhile, Indian Gramophone Company had released Saigal's record

containing a couple of Punjabi songs, composed by Harishchandra Bali. In

this way, Bali became Saigal's first music director. The first film in which

Saigal had a role was the film Mohabbat Ke Ansu, followed by Subah Ka

Sitara and Zinda Lash, all released in 1932. However, these films did not

do very well. Saigal used the name Saigal Kashmiri for his first three films

and used his own name Kundan Lal Saigal (K. L. Saigal) from Yahudi Ki

Ladki (1933). In 1933, four bhajans sung by Saigal for the film Puran

Bhagat created a sensation throughout India. Other films that followed

were Yahudi Ki Ladki, Chandidas, Rooplekha and Karwan-E-Hayat. As a

youngster, Lata Mangeshkar is alleged to have said that she wanted to

marry K.L. Saigal after seeing his performance in Chandidas (1934). In

1935, Saigal played the role that would come to define his acting career:

that of the drunken title character in Devdas, based on Sarat Chandra

Chattopadhyay's novel of the same name and directed by P.C. Barua. His

songs in the film Devdas (1935), "Balam Aaye Baso Moray Man Mein" and

"Dukh Ke Ab Din Beetat Naahi", became popular throughout the country.

Saigal picked up Bengali very well and acted in seven Bengali films,

produced by New Theatres. Rabindranath Tagore first heard Saigal before

giving consent for the first time to a non-Bengali singing his songs. Saigal

endeared himself to the whole of Bengal through his 30 Bengali songs.

Saigal's association with New Theatres continued to bear fruit in the

successful films Didi (Bengali), President (Hindi) in 1937, Desher Mati

(Bengali), Dharti Mata (Hindi) in 1938, Saathi (Bengali), Street Singer

(Hindi) in 1938, Dushman (1939), Jiban Maran (1939) and Zindagi in

1940, with Saigal in the lead. There are a number of songs of this era which

form the rich heritage of film music in India. Also, in Street Singer, Saigal

rendered the song "Babul Mora Naihar

Chhooto Jaye" live in front of the camera,

even though playback was becoming the

preferred method of singing songs in films.

In December 1941, Saigal moved to

Mumbai to work with Ranjit Movietone.

Here he acted and sang in a number of

successful films. Bhukt Surdas (1942) and

Tansen (1943) were hits during this period.

The latter film is still remembered for

Saigal's performance of the song "Diya

Jalao" in Raga Deepak; in the same movie,

he also sang "Sapta Suran" and "Tin .. Gaa-

o Saba Guni Jan". In 1944, he returned to

New Theatres to complete My Sister. This film contained the songs "Do

Naina Matware" and "Ae Qatib-e-Taqdeer Mujhe Itna Bata De".

By this time, alcohol had become a predominant factor in Saigal's life. His

dependence on alcohol had begun affecting his work and his health. It was

said that he could only record a song after being fortified with liquor. He

survived ten years of drinking; however, his alcoholism was too advanced

for even a single attempt at abstinence, and Saigal died in his ancestral city

of Jalandhar on 18 January 1947, at the age of 42. However, before his

death, he was able to churn out three more hits under the baton of

Naushad Ali for the film Shahjehan (1946). These are "Mere Sapnon Ki

Rani", "Ae Dil-e-Beqaraar Jhoom" and "Jab Dil Hi Toot Gaya". Parwana

(1947) was his last film, released after his death, in which he sang under the

baton of Khawaja Khurshid Anwar. The four songs which Saigal sang in

Parwana are: "Toot gaye sab sapne mere", "Mohabbat mein kabhi aisi bhi

haalat", "Jeene ka dhang sikhaae ja", and "Kahin ulajh na jaana". Saigal

was survived by his wife Asha Rani (whom he married in 1935); three

children, a son and two daughters: Madan Mohan, Nina (born 1937) and

Bina (born 1941); and an adopted child, his late elder brother's daughter,

Durgesh Nandani, whom he adopted when he was still single.

In a career of fifteen years, Saigal acted in 36 feature films – 28 in Hindi,

seven in Bengali, and one in Tamil. In addition, he acted in a short comedy

Hindi film, Dulari Bibi (three reels), released in 1933. In 1955, B.N. Sircar

released a documentary film based on the life of K.L. Saigal, Amar Saigal.

In the film, G. Mungheri performed the title role of Saigal. The film

contained 19 songs lifted from Saigal's films. In all, Saigal rendered 185

songs which include 142 film songs and 43 non-film songs. Of the film

songs, there are 110 in Hindi, 30 in Bengali and two in Tamil. There are 37

non-film songs in Hindi, and two each in Bengali, Pashto, Punjabi and

Persian. His non-film songs comprise bhajans, ghazals and hori. He has

rendered the creations of poets such as Ghalib, Zauq, and Seemab.

Saigal's distinctive singing was revered and idolised by the first generation

of post-independence Hindi Film playback singers, including Lata

Mangeshkar, Kishore Kumar, Mohammad Rafi, and Mukesh. Lata

Mangeshkar and Kishore Kumar have even gone on record in an interview

that they consider Kundan Lal Saigal to be their musical guru. K L Saigal

became famous because of the "new" technology of 78 rpm shellac records

and players. Mukesh started his career as a copycat of K L Saigal, but went

on to develop his distinctive style. These records were recorded in one take

with all instruments playing along. Today this may not be possible. In 1970

one such record was priced at Rs 15. In today's money, it is equivalent to

Rs 1500 for two songs.

K. Jyothi

HO: F&A

CORNERCORNERCORNERCORNERCORNERCORNERCORNERCORNERCORNERCORNERCORNER01. While wife was cooking, Tunku suddenly entered into kitchen and went on directing her like this: 'Stop. That is not the way to make omelette. Add some oil. Don't pour that much. Stop. Omelette is getting over burnt. Turn it on the pan. Add some salt. Why are you delaying? Oh my God!' Wife retorted: 'What do you think of me? Am I cooking for the first time? Why are you shouting anew? I am getting irritated.' Tunku: 'In the same way, I am also irritated when you continue to speak louder while I am driving the car'.

02. Before marriage, Tunku used to go to Tank Bund along with his fiancée and throw pebbles in the water. After marriage also he is doing the same thing by removing stones from rice and throwing them away.

03. Women face a couple of problems when they open the almirahs. One- there are no new saris in it; Two- There is no space in the store- well to keep new saris.

04. Wife was doing makeup to her face in the early morning even before Tunku got up from bed. Tunku: Are you mad? What is the need of decoration of your face right in the morning? Wife: Stop. I have to open the phone lock. Before make up, it is not identifying my face.

05. Friend: What is the meaning of home delivery? Tunku: Delivering a baby at home and not in the hospital.

06. In one drama theatre, during one show, the lights on the stage were becoming dim very slowly and becoming bright again very slowly. A friend could not understand how this happens and he asked his friend Tunku. Tunku replied: What is there? A person will remove plug from the socket very slowly and insert it slowly.

07. A Domestic flight is on its way to Chandigarh, when a passenger Harpreet Kaur in the Economy Class gets up and moves to the First Class section and sits down. The flight attendant watches her do this and asks to see her ticket. She then tells Harpreet Kaur that she paid for economy class and will have to sit at the back. Harpreet Kaur replies, “I am Sardarni, I am beautiful, I am going to Chandigarh and I am staying right here” The flight attendant goes into the cockpit and tells the pilot and the co-pilot that there is a Sardarni sitting in first class, who belongs in economy and isn't moving back to her actual seat. The co-pilot goes back to Harpreet Kaur and tries to explain that because since she only paid for economy she will have to leave and return to her seat. Harpreet Kaur replies, “I am a Sardarni, I am beautiful, I am going to Chandigarh and I am staying right here.” The co-pilot tells the pilot. The pilot says, “You say she is a sardarni? I will handle this; I am married to a sardarni. I will speak sardar's language.” He goes back to Harpreet Kaur and whispers something in her ear, and she says, “Oh, I am sorry” and gets up and goes back to her seat in economy class. The flight attendant and co-pilot are amazed and ask him what he said to make her move without any fuss. I told her, “First Class is Not Going to Chandigarh”.

08. It only happens in Chandigarh......Gurvinder, Satinder, Maninder, and Harjinder were going around town in a new BMW when a Nano driven by an old man brushed their car. All four of them came out to have a fight with the old man. The old man said, "aap log jawaan ho aur chaar ho... This is not a fair fight." So the Punjabi sense of fair play prevailed. It was decided that Gurvinder and Satinder will team with the old man and fight Maninder and Harjinder. The old man says, "but this too is not fair. Now we are 3 and the other side has only two." So Gurvinder says, "Uncle, aap ghar jao. Hum dekh lenge in saalon ko."

09. An Old man goes to an audiologist for his hearing problem. The audiologist gives him a nice powerful hearing aid. A month later the old man goes back for check up. The audiologist asks him how is the hearing now. He says it's marvellous. So your family must be very pleased says the audiologist. Old man answers: “Haven't told the family about my hearing aid. I just sit and listen to everyone's conversation. In last one month I have changed my WILL 5 times”.

10. Tunku: What is Hypnotism? Friend: As far as I know, to take a certain person under full control and making him to do as dictated. Tunku: Nonsense. It is called marriage, isn't it?

11. Friends will never change! If one passes the exam, Mother: You are my pretty son. Father: You deserve to be my son. Girl friend: My dear, I love you. Friends: Come, let us go to the bar. If he fails, Mother: why do waste your time holding mobile for such a long time? Father: Did you ever study? You are always engaged in watching TV. Girl friend: Useless fellow, do you have any aim in your life? Friends: Don't worry. Come, let us go to the bar.

12. Interviewing Manager: What Mr. Tunku! Is this the first time for you to apply for a job? Tunku: Yes, Sir, how did you find it? Manager: When it is asked about place of birth in your bio-data, you have mentioned that it is Sakuntala Maternity Hospital, ward No: 10.

13. Jailor to Tailor: '1000 pants Aur 999 shirts bhej dena'. Tailor: 'Jailor sahib, ek shirt kum kyon?' Jailor: 'Salman Khan Aya Hai'.

14. It was raining. As a result, Tunku was walking very fast towards his house. Suddenly he heard a voice: 'Stop there. The tree in front you is going to fall'. Tunku stopped, though he could not see anybody who warned. He stepped back and the tree had fallen at once. Tunku hired an auto and wanted to get inside. The voice warned again: 'Don't go by that auto; it will meet an accident'. Tunku again stopped. In the mean time, somebody hired that auto and a car hit it after some time. Tunku was surprised and astonished a lot and asked: 'Who are you? Thanks for protecting me'. There came a reply: 'I am Divine Voice and I wanted to look after your welfare'. Tunku: If it is so, where did you die when I was getting married?' and started weeping.

15. If there occurs current failure, USA citizens telephone to current office. If it is Japan, they first check fuse. If it is our country, we check the position in the neighbouring houses. 'Oh, it has gone in everybody's house; then OK'.

16. Tunku's Philosophy: Helmet and wife – both are same. We cannot leave our life as long as we keep them on our heads.

17. Tunku's wife went on an official tour. While going, she handed over her beloved pet cat to Tunku and instructed to look after it very carefully. Next day, she telephoned and asked her husband about the welfare of the cat. Tunku: Cat died. Wife with absolute shock: 'Don't you know that how much I love my pet? How are you able to tell suddenly and stubbornly about its death? You should tell slowly today that it is playing on the terrace. Tomorrow you should tell that it has fallen from terrace and broke its legs. Third day only you should reveal very calmly that it has lost its life. Understand?' Tunku: Yes, it is true; I am sorry. Wife: Bye the bye how is my mother? Tunku: She is playing on the terrace.

18. Tunku: I remember to have seen you somewhere but unable to recognise you. Are you in the Facebook? Person: No. Tunku: Are you in Whatsup? Person: NO, I am not. Tunku: At least are you in either Twitter or Skype? Person: NO, no, no. Tunku: Then? Person: I have been a tenant on rent in your upper portion for the past 2 years.

19. Wife: Darling, give me your car keys. I should attend a party. Tunku: The place is very nearby. Why do you require car? Wife: My prestige and status will be great if I go in a car worth Rs. 50 lakh. Tunku: Is it, take this 10 rupee note and go by bus. The bus costs Rs. 50 lakh. You will have great respect.

20. Son: Daddy, why you alone is dropping me at my school daily? My friends are being dropped by their mothers. Tunku: That is the reason I am dropping you daily.

S. VivekHO: P&D

Celebrating our country’s freedom should be beyond just rituals – Purshotamdas Mandhana. 07

01. Recommendations of the 'Hilton Young Commission'

(1926) relate to -------

02. What are the components of 'Reserve Money'?

03. 'Money Supply' in India consists of -----

04. In the money market segment, Liquidity Adjustment Facility

(LAF) was introduced for ------ in order to provide short-term

liquidity to the banks in exchange of government securities.

05. Which bank has the logo of 'Tiger'?

06. Which rate is used by RBI as an important counter-cyclical

tool to achieve the policy objectives of growth with price and

financial stability?

07. What is the basis of 'interest rate' on Ways and Means

Advances (WMA) given by RBI?

08. Where are the CTS grid locations?

09. Expand FBIL abbreviation.

10. Expand FIMMDA.

11. When the BFS (The Board for Financial Supervision) was

constituted?

12. 'Foreign Company' means what?

13. What is 'Cross border merger'?

14. Which Committee was constituted by RBI to recommend

Data Format for Furnishing of Credit Information to Credit

Information Companies?

15. The duality of banking regulatory powers exists in which

banks?

16. Expand FSSA.

17. Who can carry 'banking business' in India?

18. What is 'Banking'?

19. Which Section of Banking Regulation Act gives details of

forms of business in which banking company may engage?

20. What is 'laissez faire policy'?

21. Which are called as 'Capital Instruments?'

22. What is 'Convertible Note?'

23. What is 'e-commerce'?

24. Which can be called as 'e-commerce' entities?

25. What is 'Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)'?

26. What is 'Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)'?

27. What is 'Investment Vehicle'?

28. What is called as a 'Listed Indian Company?'

29. Which are called as 'Share Warrants?'

30. What is 'Automatic Route' for FDIs?

31. What is 'Adjustable Peg' in FE Market?

32. What is 'Bear Market'?

33. What is 'Bench Mark' in financial terminology?

34. What is 'Blue Chip' in terms of share market?

35. What is 'Bond' in share market?

36. What is the 'Break Even Point?'

37. 'Corporate Banking' or 'Wholesale Banking' includes -----

38. Mention some of the fee-based remittance services in banks.

[Answers on Page No: ]13

All of us spend every day of our lives dealing with money and

transacting with it. Yet, how well informed are you about the

Indian rupee? With a history that dates back to 6 the century

B.C., the Indian currency has some interesting facts. Here are

10 lesser-known facts for you about the Indian currency.

1. Rs 5,000 and Rs 10,000 currency: Since the November,

2016 demonetisation, the highest denomination of the Indian

rupee that can be printed today is Rs 2,000. However, back in

1938, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had printed currency

notes with a denomination of Rs 5,000 and Rs 10,000. These

notes were demonetized in 1946 and later reintroduced in

1954. In 1978 these were again demonetized.

2. Paper currency notes: In the 18th century, the first paper

currency notes were printed by private banks like Bank of

Hindustan, Bank of Bengal, Bank of Bombay and Bank of

Madras. After the Paper Currency Act was passed in 1861, only

the Government of India had the monopoly to print currency

notes.

3. Pakistan's dependence after Independence: Even after

Pakistan separated from India, after independence, it

depended on the Indian currency. How? They stamped Indian

rupee notes with 'Government of Pakistan' until they had

enough of their own currency.

4. 1,000 rupee coins: The Coinage Act of 2011 allows issuing of

coins up to a denomination of Rs. 1000.

5. The symbol: The rupee symbol was designed in 2010 by

designer D. Udaya Kumar. The symbol is a combination of the

Devanagari and Latin script for letter 'Ra'. The parallel line

gives the symbol a look of the Indian tri-colour.

6. 17 languages: Every rupee note bears 15 languages apart

from Hindi and English. The value of the denomination is

printed in languages like Assamese, Bengali, Kashmiri,

Konkani, Nepali, and Sanskrit to name a few.

7. Mahatma Gandhi's image: The image of Mahatma Gandhi

on the currency notes is not hand-drawn. It is a copy of a photo

which was taken in 1947. In the original photo, Gandhi is

smiling at a person nearby. The photo was cropped to be used

on Indian rupee notes.

8. The 2007 coin shortage: The year 2007 saw an acute

shortage of coins in Kolkata. Shopkeepers bought coins at a

higher value from beggars to collect change. Indian coins were

smuggled to Bangladesh and melted down to make razor

blades.

9. Coin minting: The coins are minted at four locations in India.

You can know the location where a coin is minted based on a

symbol below the year on each coin. Symbols and the minting

locations are: dot – Noida, diamond – Mumbai, star –

Hyderabad and nothing – Kolkata. Due to shortages, RBI

minted coins from other countries too.

10. One rupee note: The first banknote printed in independent

India was a one rupee note.

B. Suji, H.O. : F&A

BANKING AWARENESSBANKING AWARENESSBANKING AWARENESSNOTABLE FACTS ABOUT NOTABLE FACTS ABOUT THE INDIAN CURRENCYTHE INDIAN CURRENCYNOTABLE FACTS ABOUT THE INDIAN CURRENCY

Give up who you are so that you can become what you can be- Ramesh Kumar Bung.08

International Workers' Day, also known as Labour Day or Workers' Day in some countries, and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement which occurs every year on May Day (1 May), an ancient European spring festival. The date was chosen by a pan-national organization of socialist and communist political parties to commemorate the Haymarket affair, which occurred in Chicago on 4 May 1886. The 1904 Sixth Conference of the Second International, called on "all Social Democratic Party organisations and trade unions of all countries to demonstrate energetically on the First of May for the legal establishment of the 8-hour day, for the class demands of the proletariat, and for universal peace."

The first of May is a national public holiday in many countries worldwide, in most cases as "Labour Day", "International Workers' Day" or some similar name – although some countries celebrate a Labour Day on other dates significant to them, such as the United States, which celebrates Labour Day on the first Monday of September.

Beginning in the late 19th century, as the trade union and labour movements grew, a variety of days were chosen by trade unionists as a day to celebrate labour. In the United States and Canada, a September holiday, called Labor or Labour Day, was first proposed in the 1880s. In 1882, Matthew Maguire, a machinist, first proposed a Labor Day holiday on the first Monday of September while serving as secretary of the Central Labor Union (CLU) of New York. Others argue that it was first proposed by Peter J. McGuire of the American Federation of Labor in May 1882, after witnessing the annual labour festival held in Toronto, Canada.[10] In 1887, Oregon was the first state of the United States to make it an official public holiday. By the time it became an official federal holiday in 1894, thirty US states officially celebrated Labor Day. Thus by 1887 in North America, Labour Day was an established, official holiday but in September, not on 1 May.

1 May was chosen to be International Workers' Day to commemorate the 1886 Haymarket affair in Chicago.In that year beginning on 1 May, there was a general strike for the eight-hour workday. On 4 May, the police acted to disperse a public assembly in support of the strike when an unidentified person threw a bomb. The police responded by firing on the workers. The

event lead to the death of eight and injury of sixty police officers as well as an unknown number of civilian killed or wounded. Hundreds of labour leaders and sympathizers were later rounded-up and four were executed by hanging, after a trial that was seen as a miscarriage of justice.The following day on 5 May in Milwaukee Wisconsin, the state militia fired on a crowd of strikers killing seven, including a schoolboy and a man feeding chickens in his yard.

In 1889, a meeting in Paris was held by the first congress of the Second International, following a proposal by Raymond Lavigne that called for international demonstrations on the 1890 anniversary of the Chicago protests. May Day was formally recognized as an annual event at the International's second congress in 1891. Subsequently, the May Day riots of 1894 occurred. The International Socialist Congress, Amsterdam 1904 called on "all Social Democratic Party organisations and trade unions of all countries to demonstrate energetically on the First of May for the legal establishment of the 8-hour day, for the class demands of the proletariat, and for universal peace." The congress made it "mandatory upon the proletarian organisations of all countries to stop work on 1 May, wherever it is possible without injury to the workers."

May Day has been a focal point for demonstrations by various socialist, communist and anarchist groups since the Second International. May Day is one of the most important holidays in communist countries such as the People's Republic of China, North Korea, Cuba and the former Soviet Union countries. May Day celebrations in these countries typically feature elaborate workforce parades, including displays of military hardware and soldiers. In 1955, the Catholic Church dedicated 1 May to "Saint Joseph the Worker". Saint Joseph is the patron saint of workers and craftsmen, among others.

During the Cold War, May Day became the occasion for large military parades in Red Square by the Soviet Union and attended by the top leaders of the Kremlin, especially the Politburo, atop Lenin's Mausoleum. It became an enduring symbol of that period. Today, the majority of countries around the world celebrate a workers' day on 1 May.

Ramesh Kumar Bung

INTERNATIONAL WORKERS' DAY

DO YOUDO YOUDO YOU

KNOWKNOWKNOW???DO YOUDO YOUDO YOU

KNOWKNOWKNOW???DO YOUDO YOUDO YOU

KNOWKNOWKNOW???01. Till now, 1500 species have been identified in Star Fish.

02. The fastest moving snake is 'Black Mamba'.

03. While hunting, some whales spread their mouths up to an extent of 1 metre wide.

04. People mention Chatrapati Sivaji as 'Father of Indian Navy'.

05. During the last five years, the literacy rate in Pakistan increased by 250%. No country registered this much so far.

06. Female Pandas have very less memory power than male Pandas. Female Pandas cannot even recognise their children.

07. Horses cannot take breath through their mouths. Hence whenever any problem is in their nostrils, they suffer of breathing problem.

08. Leopards cannot roar like tigers. They make sounds like cats.

09. Sheep do self-medication. When they are sick, they select suitable plants and eat them to cure their diseases.

10. Owls have 14 bones in their neck. That is why they can turn their head to the extent of 270 degrees.

11. Our bones have 37% of water in them.

12. To find fault with grammar mistakes in others' writings is also a disease. It is called 'Grammar Pedantry Syndrome'.

13. There are many advantages by moving our body gradually and slowly. That is the reason we oscillate the cradle in which children sleep. In this matter, swinging chairs are very useful to us. These

control the blood pressure and heal waist pain.

14. In Egypt, mummies are preserved. Before doing so, they remove marrow and flesh from the brain through the nose of the body.

15. A huge bell was done casting in 1733. Its gauge is 24 inches and the weight is 216 tonnes. It is the heaviest bell in the world. It was hung in 1836 in Kremlin chowk in Moscow.

16. In cosmos, Crash Nebula, the biggest vapour cloud has been sending signals of its presence at the speed of 1500 kilometres per second for the past 500 years.

17. Most people in the world have the name 'Mohammed'.

18. Giraffe is longer than a double Decker bus. Though it has very long neck, its capacity to make sounds is very less. As in the human beings, it has also 7 bones in its neck.

19. When a mirror or glass is broken, its pieces are spread with a speed on 4800 kilometres per hour.

20. The average temperature of human body is 98.4 degrees F. But when he is affected by certain disease or sun stroke, the temperature may increase up to 115 degrees Fahrenheit.

21. In chips packets, nitrogen ensures that chips are not broken into pieces.

22. Owls do not make any sounds as long as they fly. When they fall on branches of trees, they produce sounds.

23. When you cut the trees called Dragon Blood, the gum emanated from them would be red like blood.

P. Venugopal Reddy

HO: Credit

09Discover a new you within you- Ramesh Kumar Bung.

Life is a journey; it is very important to enjoy it now and today- Ramesh Kumar Bung.10

retailer sells the same at a base price of `300 and pays CGST `30 and SGST `30 and sells finally at `360 to the consumer. In this transaction, the manufacturer gets back `10 in the form of ITC (`20- `10); the wholesaler gets an ITC of `20 (`40- `20); the retailer gets back an amount of `30 in the form of ITC (`60- `30). However, the consumer has to bear ̀ 360 for the goods he purchases finally.]

The GST is payable by the: (i) Registered taxable person; (ii) on the supply of goods and services. Liability to pay GST arises where the taxable person's turnover crosses `20 lakh (`10 lakh for North Eastern States). Consequently, a person whose turnover crosses this threshold limit, should get registration under GST and get a GSTIN number. GSTIN is a 15 digit number structured as: First two digits- State Code; next ten digits- PAN number; next one digits- entity/establishment code; next one digit- as of now it is meant for future use and written as Z; last one digit-Checksum. The taxpayer has to take separate registration in every state from where he makes taxable supplies.

A person whose aggregate turnover in the preceding financial year is less than `1.5 crore, can opt for simplified composition scheme where tax is payable at a concessional rate. In this case, the taxpayer pays tax as a percentage of his turnover in a state without the benefit of ITC. The rate of CGST and SGST shall not exceed 2% for the manufacturer, 1% in other cases and 5% for specified services. Services provided have been kept outside the scope of this scheme, except restaurant sector.

In case, a person availing composition scheme crosses `1.5 crore during the course of the year, the option availed shall lapse from the day on which his aggregate turnover exceeds ̀ 75 lakh during the year. A customer who buys goods from a registered person who is under composition scheme is not eligible for composition ITC because a composition scheme supplier cannot issue a tax invoice. Whenever a person intends to claim ITC, he must ensure that his GSTIN number is mentioned in the invoice raised by the supplier.

When liability to pay GST arises?: The time of supply of goods shall be the earlier of: (a) The date of issue of an invoice by the supplier or the last date on which he is required to issue the invoice with respect to the supply or (b) The date on which the supplier receives the payment with respect to the supply.

While in case of Reverse Claim Mechanism (RCM) for goods and supply, the time of supply is the earlier of (a) Date of receipt of goods (b) Date on which payment is made (c) The date immediately following 30 days from the date of issue of an invoice by the supplier.

Similarly, in case of RCM for service supply, the time of supply is the earlier of (a) Date on which payment is made or (b) The date immediately following 60 days from the date of issue of an invoice by the supplier.

Invoice Generation: One of the very important questions is the time period within which invoice has to be issued. A registered taxable person shall issue a tax invoice showing description, quantity and value of goods, the tax charged thereon and other prescribed particulars at the time of- (a) removal of goods for supply to the recipient, where supply involves the movement of goods or (b) delivery of goods or making available thereof to the recipient in other cases.

A registered person shall, before/after the provision of service, but within a period of 30 days from the date of supply of service, issue tax invoice showing description, value of goods, tax payable thereon and other prescribed particulars. For Banking and Insurance Companies, this period is 45 days. Further, a registered person liable to pay tax on reverse charge basis is also required to issue invoice on the date of receipt of goods/services.

Extracted from IBA Journal.

With the introduction of GST wef 01.07.2017, other taxes like Central Excise Duty, Additional Duties of Customs, Surcharges, State VAT, Luxury Tax and others were subsumed. The purpose of GST is with an objective taxable event should be the supply of goods and services. The word 'supply' covers all forms of supply of goods/services that includes sale, transfer, batter, exchange, licence, rental, lease or disposal made. For example, if a person buys a car and after a year sells it to a car dealer, it is not in the course of business transaction and it will not be taken as 'supply' and does not attract GST.

Activities such as service by an employee to the employer, services by court/tribunal, functions performed by constitutional functionaries (MPs/MLAs, local authorities), services of funeral/burial/crematorium, sale of land, etc., are neither treated as supply of goods nor supply of services. GST is a destination based Tax levied on consumption of goods and services. It is levied at all stages from manufacture to final consumption. Credit of tax paid at previous stages is available as a set-off. So, only value addition is taxed and burden of tax is to be borne by the final consumer. GST is a dual tax structure with Centre and State simultaneously levying it on a common base.

Nomenclature: (1) CGST: Central Goods and Service Tax levied by Central Government; (2) SGST: levied by State Government; (3) IGST: Integrated Goods and Service Tax. Which of these taxes have to be levied would depend upon the place of supply and delivery. Depending upon the same, a transaction would be classified as: (i) Intra-State: In this case, CGST will be levied by Centre and SGST will be levied by State. (ii) Inter-State: When supplier or receiver is in different States, IGST will be levied by Centre.

Simultaneous levy of CGST and SGST: Suppose there is a wholesale dealer of aluminium sheets who is located in MP and he supplies them to a drum manufacturer in the same state. Imagine that CGST rate is 10%, SGST rate is also 10% and base price is ` 100. The total price would be base price+ CGST+SGST, i.e., ̀ 100+ ̀ 10+ ̀ 10= ̀ 120. However, if the supplier and the drum manufacturer are in different states, it would attract IGST. Base Price +IGST, i.e., ̀ 100+ ̀ 20= ̀ 120.

Input Tax Credit: GST regime has also introduced the mechanism of input tax credit. Input tax means GST charged on the supply of goods or service to a registered person. Input tax credit means that the person at the time of paying tax on output can reduce the tax that is already paid on inputs. A banking company engaged in the supply of specified services would either avail proportionate credit or avail 50% of the eligible input tax credit.

Example: A retailer purchases some material at a base price of ̀ 100 plus IGST of 20%. Now, he sells the same to the consumer at a base price of `200 plus IGST @ 20% (`40/-). So, the total amount received by the retailer is `240. The retailer has paid `20/- as input GST and received `40/-GST on output. So, while remitting, the retailer will remit only ̀ 20/- (`40-`20=`20) to the government. The registered tax payer should satisfy certain conditions to claim input tax credit. He should be in possession of tax invoice; he should receive goods/services; the supplier has actually paid the tax charged to the government in respect of the supply.

Taxpayer is allowed to take credit of taxes on inputs (ITC) and utilise the same for payment of output tax, but no ITC on account of CGST shall be utilised towards payment of SGST and vice versa. The credit of IGST would be permitted to be utilised for payment of IGST, CGST and SGST in that order.

[Manufacturer supplies the goods to the wholesaler at a base price of `100 and pays CGST `10 and SGST `10. As a result, the wholesaler gets the goods at `120. He sells the goods at a base price of `200 and pays CGST ̀ 20 and SGST ̀ 20. The retailer gets the goods at ̀ 240. The

GOODS AND SERVICES TAX - AN OVERVIEW

PA N C H ATA N T R APA N C H ATA N T R APA N C H ATA N T R ASALAM HYDERABADABODE OF THE NAWABS

The Paigah family was one of the popular dynasties which were one of the closet allies of the rulers of erstwhile Hyderabad. Known as the hot seat during their rule, Hyderabad was one of the richest and flourishing kingdoms. Also popular for its richness and heritage, it has many milestones to its history. Walking down the memory lane, it traces back to the construction of many beautiful palaces which are no more existing, but the gateways of those marvellous palaces till date stand as testimony of the rich times. The Paigahs were related to the Nizams by blood and marriage as the daughters and sisters of the Nizams were married into the Paigah family. The Vilayath Manzil takes you on a journey into the glorious past. The grandeur of Hyderabad's rich heritage comes alive as you walk into the portals of this magnificent palace

thbuilt in the 18 century.

Located on very close to Begumpet Railway Station, Vilayath Manzil is built with a blend of Indo-European style of architecture. In the recent times, there are many other modern structures which were built, but it still manages to preserve it original grandeur and aura till date.

It is grade IIB notified structure by HMDA. Vilayath Manzil was the property of Nawab Wali-ud-Dowla Bahadur, a Paigah noble from Sir Vicar-ul-Umra family. The palace was also one of the seven palaces belonged to the Paigah families and it was very much part of their estate. He was born in the year 1877. The property is almost 105 years old. There is a huge gate which leads to the palace complex.

The construction of the Devdi continued through different periods-one of the wings was constructed between 1910-1913 and the other wing was constructed between 1920-1925. The structure has semi-circular arch with beautiful moulding and a key stone in the centre. The ground floor roof is kept flat whereas the first floor has got slop roof with a pointed tower in one of the corners. The heritage building has been re-used as country club for 15-20 years. Some ancillary structures have been built around the heritage structure over a period of time. The place now has huge lawn with lush green grass which perfectly serves the purpose of the club.

The palace is currently under the ownership of Country Club and they have surely kept the old grandeur and aura of the building. The visitors have to take the permission of the club authorities to visit the building. They have not fidget with the structure and all these years have been protecting the authenticity of the structure.

Purshotamdas Mandhana

There is no such day as ‘one of these days’; Today is the day- Ramesh Kumar Bung. 11

CONFLICT AMONG FRIENDS

Damanaka took leave of Pinglaka (Lion-the King) and went straight to

Sanjivaka (Ox). He began to scold him, 'Despicable ox! Are not you

afraid of our master Pingalaka that you bellow at such odd hours?

Come with me. My master Pingalaka has summoned you'. When

Sanjivaka heard this, he said, 'My dear fellow, who is this Pingalaka?'

Damanaka exclaimed: 'What! You have not heard of Pingalaka? Just

you wait, you will get to know him alright soon! He is over there, sitting

under the banyan tree, surrounded by his retinue'.

When Sanjivaka heard this, he thought that his end had come and his

heart sank. He said to Damanaka, 'my friend, you seem sympathetic

and an expert in the art of conversation. If you want to take me to the

lion, give me a guarantee that my life will be safe'. 'You are right to ask

for security. So, wait here. I shall take you to him when the time is ripe',

said Damanaka. Then Damanaka returned to Pingalaka and said,

'Master, that is no ordinary animal. He is an ox who is a special mount

of Siva. When I asked him, he explained to me that his Lord Siva was

very pleased with him and gave him leave to enjoy the tender grass of

the river Yamuna and Lord Siva said that the whole jungle should be

his playground'.

'Now I know the truth', exclaimed Pingalaka terrified. 'How else could

a grass-eating animal wander fearlessly in a jungle full of dangerous

beasts, except he had the blessings of Siva. But did you say to him

when you heard that?' asked Pingalaka. Damanaka replied: 'Master, I

told him that this jungle had already been presented to our master by

the goddess Durga, whose mount he is. But all the same, he is

welcome. I asked him to come and stay with king Pingalaka as if he

were king's brother, spend his time making merry with food and drink

and games. Well, he agreed but has requested that you should

guarantee that his life will be safe. So, the rest is up to you'.

When Pingalaka heard this, he said, 'Well done, my efficient minister.

You have acted exactly according to my wishes. I do assure him that

his life shall be safe but get me a similar assurance from him too and

bring him to me quickly'. Damanaka bowed before Pingalaka and, on

his way to Sanjivaka, he thought gleefully, 'My master is very gracious

towards me and is behaving exactly as I hoped. I think I must be the

luckiest being alive'.

When he reached Sanjivaka, he said to him respectfully, 'Friend, I

made a request to my master that your life should be spared. He has

promised that it shall be so. And so, accompany me with confidence.

But when we arrive at the king's place, you should respect me as much

as you respect yourself. Don't get too big for your boots and start

bossing me about. On my part, I shall consult you in the exercise of my

duties as a minister. In this way, we can both enjoy Lakshmi'.

[To be continued in the next issue]

T. Gangadhar Rao

Head Office

ATMs have come into national focus owing to the fact that there is a cash

crunch across the country. Even as we withdraw cash from the Automated

Teller Machine, we often take it for granted and overlook some quirky and

interesting facts about the cash dispenser. Here's a look at some such facts:

· The first use of the term 'automated teller machine' dates back to

1967. The first 'cash-dispenser' was installed in 1966 in Japan, but it was

connected to a credit account, not the user's bank account, and was not

exactly an automated teller machine.

· There are many claims as to who originally invented the

Automatic Teller Machine. One version is that the ATM machine was

invented by Luther George Simijan, a US inventor with many patents,

back in 1939. The mechanical (not electronic) cash-dispensing machine

was opened by the City Bank of New York. However he soon remarked

that the only people using the machines were a small number of

prostitutes and gamblers who didn't want to deal with tellers face to face. It

was removed 6 months later for lack of customer approval.

· Another claim is that John Shepher-Barron, a Scottish inventor,

reportedly was in the bathtub when he had his 'eureka!' moment, and

came up with the idea of a vending machine that dispenses money, not

chocolate bars. He pitched the idea to the British bank Barclays and they

adopted it by 1967. The machine used PIN codes but not magnetic stripes

– it relied on a radioactive isotope carbon to initiate a withdrawal!

Barclays chose its Enfield, London, branch for the first installation because

it was the only location with windows high enough off the ground to

accommodate an exterior installation. Shepherd-Barron's wife inspired

him to invent the PIN when he realized that he could remember his six-

figure army number, but his wife could only remember four figures. So

because of her, four figures became the world standard for PIN numbers.

The first ATM to use a four-digit PIN was installed at Westminster Bank in

July 1967. A plastic card with perforated holes was inserted into the

machine, and then the user punched in a PIN. If everything matched up,

cash was dispensed.

· The world's second ATM was installed in Sweden a few weeks after

the Barclays ATM. One anecdote reveals, in the spring of 1968, a thief in

Sweden figured out the algorithm that associated card numbers with PINs,

and then proceeded to travel about the country robbing ATMs. In late

1969, Britain's Midland Bank (today HSBC) was the first to introduce the

magnetic stripe card for ATM access.

· Countries such as Afghanistan, Laos, Iraq, Vietnam, Kazakhstan

and Guyana did not have ATMs until 2004 or later. Somalia installed its

very first ATM in 2014 in a tourist hotel in the capital of Mogadishu.

· The world's highest ATM is situated at 15,397 feet above sea level

in Khunjerab Pass on the Pakistan-China border.

· The world's most remote ATM location is McMurdo Station in

Antarctica.

· Worldwide average of ATMs per 100,000 adults is 45. 280 new

ATMs are installed worldwide each day.

· Service of ATMs in India was started in 1987. Hong Kong and

Shanghai banking Corporation (HSBC) had installed the first ATM

machines in Mumbai.

· Not only money, but gold can also be withdrawn from certain

ATMs. The first gold-plate extracting machine was installed in the lobby of

Emirates Palace Hotel, Abu Dhabi. There are 320 types of gold items that

can be withdrawn from this machine.

· In certain European and Romanian countries, the ATM can be

used without a bank account. However, such facilities are not available in

many countries including India.

· The ATM is known by different names in some countries. In UK

and New Zealand, it is called Cash point or Cash Machine. In Australia

and Canada it is called Money Machine.

· Did you know about the existence of floating ATM machines

invented for the benefit of travellers on water bodies? The first floating

ATM was installed in Kochi, Kerala. This ATM machine was installed by

State Bank of India. It was supervised by the Kerala Shipping & Inland

Navigation Corporation Company.

· If the entire ATM is stolen, then the thief can't go too far. Because a

chip is installed in the machine which can be tracked through GPS.

Sheela JaiswalSecunderabad Branch

Even a simple phenomenon, when viewed with heightened awareness, can unfold new avenues of learning- Ramesh Kumar Bung.12

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ATMs INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ATMs INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ATMs

Sri Purshotamdas Mandhana, Chairman, Sri Ramesh Kumar Bung, Chairman-Emeritus, Sri Rampal Attal, Vice Chairman, Sri Umesh Chand Asawa, MD & CEO honouring Sri Ghanshyam Das Malani, Manager, Balanagar

Branch, who retired on his superannuation at Head Office on 30th April, 2018.

A N S W E R S

Every moment, every encounter, every activity has within it an unspoken message- Ramesh Kumar Bung. 13

01. Reserve Bank of India.02. Currency in circulation, Bankers' Deposits with RBI, Other Deposits with

RBI. 03. Currency with public, Demand Deposits with Banks, Time Deposits with

Banks and other Deposits with RBI04. Repo Operation. 05. Reserve Bank of India. 06. Policy Rate.07. Repo Rate. 08. New Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai. 09. Financial Benchmark India (Pvt) Ltd., 10. Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India.11. In November 1994, BFS was constituted as a committee of the Central

Board of Directors of the RBI. 12. It means any company or body corporate incorporated outside India

whether having a place of business in India or not. 13. It means any merger, amalgamation or arrangement between an Indian

Company and foreign company in accordance with Companies (Compromises, Amendments and Amalgamation) Rules, 2016 notified under the Companies Act, 2013.

14. Aditya Puri Committee. 15. In case of Cooperative Banks, where RBI has to contend with several

powers being vested away from it in hands of State Governments. 16. Financial System Stability Assessment. 17. In terms of Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act, no company shall

carry on banking business in India, unless it holds a licence issued in that behalf by RBI and any such licence may be issued subject to such conditions as the RBI may think fir to impose.

18. As per Section 5 (b) of Banking Regulation act, 1949, 'Banking' means the accepting for the purpose of lending or investment, of deposits of money from the public, repayable on demand or otherwise and withdrawable by cheque, draft, order or otherwise.

19. Section 6 of BR Act, 1949. However, it is a long list and banks may carry out one or more activities permitted in the section.

20. All economic activities in private sector only. [Laissez-faire, (French: “allow to do”), policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society].

21. Equity Shares, Debentures, Preference Shares, Share Warrants. 22. It is an instrument issued by a start-up company evidencing receipt of

money initially as debt; it is repayable at the option of the holder or which is convertible into such number of equity shares of such start up company; within a period not exceeding five years from the date of issue of the convertible note, upon occurrence of specified events as per the other terms and conditions agreed to and indicated in the instrument.

23. It is buying and selling of goods and services including digital products over digital and electronic network.

24. A company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 or a foreign company covered under section 2(42) of the Companies Act, 2013 or an

office, branch or agency in India owned or controlled by a person resident outside India.

25. It is investment through capital instruments by a person resident outside India; it will be in an unlisted Indian Company; it will be in 10% or more of the post issue paid-up equity capital on a fully diluted basis of a listed Indian Company.

26. It is any investment made by a person resident outside India in capital instruments; such investment is less than 10% of the post issue paid up equity capital on a fully diluted basis of a listed Indian Company; it may be less than 10% of the paid up value of each series of capital instruments of a listed Indian Company

27. It is an entity registered and regulated under relevant regulations framed by SEBI or any other authority designated for the purpose and it may be Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) governed by SEBI (REIT) Regulations, 2014; it may be Infrastructure Investment Trust governed by SEBI Regulations and Alternative Investment Funds governed by SEBI Regulations, 2014.

28. It is an Indian Company which has any of its capital instruments listed on a recognised stock exchange in India and the expression 'Unlisted Indian Company' shall be construed accordingly.

29. They are issued by an Indian Company in accordance with the regulations issued by SEBI in this regard.

30. Automatic Route is the entry route through which investment by a person resident outside India does not require prior approval of RBI or Government.

31. Term for an exchange rate regime where a country's exchange rate is pegged (fixed) in relation to another currency (normally the dollar), but where the rate may be changed from time to time.

32. A weak or falling market characterised by the dominance of sellers in share market.

33. Security used as the basis for interest rate calculations and for pricing other securities; also denotes the most heavily traded and liquid security of a particular class.

34. The best rated shares with the highest status as investment based on return yield, safety, marketability and liquidity.

35. A negotiable certificate evidencing indebtedness-a debt security or IOU, issued by a company or government agency; a bond investor lends money to the issuer and in exchange, the issuer promises to repay the loan amount on a specific maturity date; the issuer usually pays the bondholder periodic interest over the life of the loan.

36. The stock price at which a particular strategy of transaction neither makes nor loses money; in options, the result is at the expiration date in the strategy; a dynamic break-even point changes as time passes.

37. Getting the current balance or getting statement of account for any pre-defined period; ordering chequebooks; international remittances; opening letters of credits.

38. Issue of Demand Drafts, Pay Orders/Banker's Cheques, NEFT and RTGS.

Sri Purshotamdas Mandhana, Chairman, Sri Ramesh Kumar Bung, Chairman-Emeritus flanked by the other Directors on the Board and Sri Umesh Chand Asawa, MD & CEO celebrating the 3rd Anniversary of Board formation

herein is outwardly oriented. This mode involves seven components and

nineteen mouths. Those forms (objects) which are tangible to the senses are

cognised in this mode.

We know that Atma is SAT-CHIT-ANANDA and that it shines uniformly all over

the universe. But, depending upon the structural characteristics and capabilities

of the physical bodies of beings, this shining is expressed differently. Varying

expressions of such shining, with reference to CHIT, are mentioned here as

'modes'. The Upanisad says that modes are four in number (verse 2). The four

modes relate to the four states which a being may pass through, namely, waking,

dreaming, sleeping and transcendental. In this 3rd verse, the first mode is

explained; the shining in the waking state is called Vaisvanarah and it relates to

the knowing/expressing process when the being is awake. In the waking state all

the sense organs and motor organs (organs of action) are active; they interact

with the outside world, which fact is indicated in the verse by the phrase, 'knowing

is outwardly oriented'. 'Knowing' indicates the working of consciousness, which

includes expressing also.

It is also stated that the process involves seven components and nineteen mouths.

What are those seven components (anga) and nineteen mouths (mukhas)? Many

interpreters imagine Vaisvanarah to be a being of human form, on account of the

mention of anga which, they take as limb, and mukha which, to them is the organ

for consuming food. Accordingly, they assume his body parts like head, eyes,

breath, feet, etc. as the anga in question. But, this assumption is out of place, since

the topic under discussion is the mode of shining of Atma in the waking state of

beings and how the process of knowing consequently operates in that state;

Vaisvanarah is only the name of that mode. Moreover, in the next verse, all these

seven 'limbs' are present, but the name of the dreaming state is Taijasa to which

this assigning of body parts is inappropriate. The conventional interpreters fail to

get at the real import of Upanisadic postulations, due to their application of the

lower texts of mythology and epics for understanding the higher texts of

Upanisads. They interpret Upanisads on the basis of the popular stories of epics

and mythology; Upanisads stand far higher than these stories and have to be

understood by application of the reasoning faculty. It must be the Upanisadic

declarations that should serve as a tool for properly understanding the message of

these stories and not otherwise. Actually, the seven components of this mode are

seven members participating in the process of knowing/expression

(cognition/action). They are

1. Sense organs, 2. Organs of action (motor organs), 3. Pranas, 4. Antahkaranas,

5. Consciousness, 6. Pañcabhutas, and 7. Sense objects.

Among these seven components involved in the knowing process, says the verse,

there are nineteen mukhas. These mukhas are nothing but portals for receiving or

disseminating information regarding either knowing or expression. Which are

those mukhas? In the sense organs we have 8 such portals, namely, 2 eyes, 2 ears,

2 nostrils, tongue and skin. Motor organs provide 7 portals, namely, speech, 2

hands, 2 legs, reproductive organ and organ of excretion. These two come to a

total of 15. To this, 4 Antahkaranas, which are the ultimate portals of reception

and dissemination, are added, taking the total to 19. These are the nineteen

mukhas. In the waking state we cognise and also act upon objects/beings

perceivable to our senses. Such objects/beings, existing in specific forms and

names in the phenomenal world, are described as sthula (gross); hence the word

sthulabhuk which simply means cognising of or acting upon gross objects/beings.

Before proceeding to the next verse, we may take note of one important fact:

though Vaisvanarah is the name of waking state cognition, it vicariously

represents the state wherein the knower indulges in worldly experiences. This is

obviously the lowest state of enlightenment. In the same way, the second state

Taijasa represents the middle level of enlightenment wherein one is withdrawn

from the direct worldly experiences, but the impressions thereof still remain in him

with varying degrees of influence. In the third state, Prajña, the knower is further

elevated to the level, wherein only the consciousness of 'I am' remains. In the final

state, all differentiations end, resulting in unification with pure Atma.

The second mode is Taijasa. It is the shining of Atma in the dreaming state; the

knowing process herein is inwardly oriented. This mode (too) involves seven

components and nineteen mouths. In this mode, the forms (objects) cognised are

fine and also detached from the senses (pravivikta). The second mode differs

This is the sixth in the series of eleven Upanisads. Mandukya belongs to Atharva

Veda. Mandukya is the smallest of the eleven Principal Upanisads; it has only 12

verses, numbered serially from 1 to 12. Nevertheless, it is the tersest of all,

expounding in a unique manner the nature of shining of Atma in beings, with

particular importance to the aspect of CHIT (consciousness). It uncovers four

distinct modes of expression of CHIT.

Brevity of the Upanisad is an indication of the terseness in contents presentation,

warranting detailed study of each verse. 'All this is the syllable known as 'Om', its

manifestation. Everything in the past, present and future is verily Om; if anything

is there transcending these three expressions of time, then, that too is verily 'Om'.

The implication is that the principle of 'Om' was reached by successive intense

meditations on the worlds, the Vedas and the three words of 'bhuh, bhuvah,

svah'. 'Om' is thus the ultimate essence of the worlds; the said meditations indicate

a churning process to bring forth that essence. If 'Om' is the essence of the worlds,

then reversely, the worlds must be the manifestation of 'Om'. This exactly is what

the first verse of Mandukya declares through the phrase 'tasyopavyakhyanam' (its

manifestation, physical interpretation). After saying that 'Om' is all that is here, the

verse quickly adds this phrase by way of clarification, implying that all that is here

is only the manifestation of 'Om' and not 'Om' as such. The split presentation must

be for the sake of force in expression. The said clarification applies to the rest of

the verse also, though the phrase is not repeated again and again.

Contrary to this understanding of 'upavyakhyanam', the view of conventional

interpretation is this: the word indicates that what follows it is the explanation of

what precedes it. This interpretation however reduces a profound philosophical

revelation into a superficial utterance. It is awkward to think that the Upanisad

seeks to explain the simple and ubiquitous phrase 'idam sarvam' in so many

words as would constitute a major portion of the verse. Moreover, it is most

unlikely that an Upanisad would include the past, future and transcendent entities

within the ambit of the phrase 'idam sarvam'.

Further, the syllable 'Om' is Atma itself as explicitly declared in verse 12 of this very

Upanisad. Atma is pure existence, consciousness and bliss; it is purely immortal

too. But, the phenomenal world represented by 'idam sarvam' has an element of

mortality. Therefore, nothing in this world can be equated squarely to Atma. That

is why the Upanisad adds an immediate clarification that the world is

'upavyakhyanam' of 'Om'. The conventional interpretation ignores this aspect.

Above all, the very subject-matter of this Upanisad is an explication of how the

said manifestation of 'Om' works out. The next verse too reinforces the present

understanding of the import of 'upavyakhyanam', by asserting that all this is

Brahma only. We know that there is a subtle difference between Atma and

Brahma, since Brahma has a mortal form also.

Indeed, all this is Brahma. This Atma is Brahma. He, this Atma, is four-footed.

After stating in verse 1 that all this is manifestation of Om, here in verse 2 it is

asserted that all this is indeed Brahma. The implication is that Brahma represents

manifested Om. As stated above, verse 2.3.1 of Brhadaranyaka declares that

Brahma has two forms, namely, mortal – immortal, perceptible – imperceptible

and limited and unlimited. This underlines the idea that the world is only

manifested Om and not Om as such. So, the assertion 'all this is Brahma' is quite

veritable.

The next assertion is 'this Atma is Brahma' . 'This Atma' refers to which Atma? No

previous reference is there regarding any Atma; the only reference is to Om, in the

previous verse. In verse 12, this Om is declared as Atma. So, manifested Om is

manifested Atma, which in essence is Atma with Prakrti invoked. Therefore the

declaration 'this Atma is Brahma' implies that the Atma with invoked Prakrti is

Brahma. We have been consistently holding that Atma and Brahma are not

identical or synonymous, in view of the Upanisadic declaration that Brahma has

two forms, unlike Atma which is purely immortal, imperceptible and unlimited.

Had they been naturally and unassailably identical, the Upanisads need not have

again and again made such assertive declarations on their mutual relationship.

The verse finally asserts that this Atma is four-footed. This implies that the shining

of Atma has four distinct modes. In the ensuing verses we shall study these modes

in detail. But before proceeding to the next verse, we may take note of an

important fact about this verse. It is this: the declaration The first mode is

Vaisvanarah. It is the shining of Atma in the waking state; the knowing process

There is something even in nothing- Ramesh Kumar Bung.14

THE SCIENCE OF MANDUKYA UPANISHAD

sounds actually represent the first three modes mentioned in verses 3, 4 and 5.

Now, in the verses 9 to 11, the implication of each sound in the syllable 'Om' is

explained.

The waking state Vaisvanara is assigned the first sound of 'Om' namely 'akara'; for,

it is in this state that one reaches out to the outside world and it is the preliminary

(primitive) state of his enlightenment. Further, the sound 'A' also possesses these

attributes; it is the first sound of 'Om' and the other sounds follow it. One whose

awareness is limited to this state, remains in the initial stages of enlightenment and

reaches out to all desires. The dreaming state Taijasa is the second sound of 'Om',

namely 'ukara'. It is so called on account of its rising to a better state/position and

of being bidirectional. One who knows thus raises the flow of knowledge in him

and becomes equally disposed to opposite experiences; in his family, no one will

be ignorant of Brahma.

The Taijasa marks a complete withdrawal of the senses from direct worldly

experiences. But, the earlier impressions will remain without being completely

erased of. However, to the point of view of enlightenment, this is a step forward;

that is why it is stated to be 'utkarsa' or improvement. Taijasa is the middle state

between Vaisvanara and Prajña; it connects them both. That is why it is

bidirectional state or the state of 'ubhayatva'. One who is in the Taijasa state may

raise his knowledge level and disseminate it around; this will result in passing of

the knowledge of Brahma to his family members also. Further, such a person will

not be affected by dualities of the phenomenal world (he becomes samana). Like

Taijasa, 'ukara' also is bidirectional. It is the middle sound of 'Om'; it therefore

marks an upgradation from the earlier sound. Therefore, it fits well with the

Taijasa state.

The next verse says about the final sound of 'Om'. The deep sleep state Prajña is

assigned the third sound 'makara' of the syllable 'Om'. This is because it is the

final limit which a being with body consciousness, can attain to. One, who knows

this, verily understands all this here and dissolves into the underlying

consciousness. In 'Om', 'makara' is the last sound and therefore the limit of 'Om';

further, Prajña is the state which an embodied can attain to. This explains the

propriety of their mutual association assigned in the verse. Prajña is the state of

Purusa, beyond which it is only serene Atma, without Prakrti. The next verse

describes its nature: The fourth state of 'Om' is without any differentiation into its

constituent sounds; it is not amenable to be dealt with in any manner and in it all

worldly differentiations cease. It is blissful and without a second. This Onkara is

verily Atma. One who knows this enters the Atma himself.

In Prasna Upanisad, we will see the same issue of differentiation of 'Om' into the

constituent sounds with their respective impacts and also its composite form, in

the discussion on the fifth question. Thus ends the study of Mandukya. Herein we

have seen the different modes of shining of Atma in various states of awakening of

beings; the more we are awakened to the phenomenal world, the less we are

awakened to its immortal essence. The Upanisad further explains the syllable

'Om' which is the symbol for representing Atma and correlates the constituents of

'Om' with the modes of shining of Atma.

A. Masthan ReddyJoint General Manager

from the first in two respects; one is the difference in orientation of the knowing

process. In the first mode, the orientation is outwardly, whereas in the second, it is

inwardly. Dreaming state is the initial state of sleep, wherein the sense organs and

also the motor organs fade into inaction; but, Manas (mind), the involuntary

component of Antahkarana, is still active. In the waking state Manas processes

signals received from the senses by accessing the stock of information in Chitta,

under the reasoning control of Buddhi, and thus forms valid perceptions. These

are obviously based on live sense signals of perceivable worldly objects and

therefore are called sthula. But, in the dreaming state, since the senses are

inactive, no signals are received from them; Buddhi, being voluntary in nature,

also becomes inactive. In this situation, the involuntary Manas accesses stored

information from Chitta and arbitrarily constructs false perceptions. Most

probably, such information must be the ones which it has last accessed during the

waking state. Thus, dreams are the creation of the involuntary Manas without the

direct involvement of either Buddhi or sense organs. This is why it is said that the

knowing process in this mode is inwardly oriented.

Since the perceptions constructed by Manas in the dreaming state are indirect and

unreal, they are called 'pravivikta'. This constitutes the second difference between

the two modes; in the first mode the perception was 'sthula' whereas it is

'pravivikta' here. In this mode also, all the seven angas (components) and

nineteen mukhas (mouths) are involved in the knowing/expressing process; the

only difference is that their use is indirect and involuntary. The third mode relates

to shining of Atma in the deep sleep state. About it the fifth verse says thus:

The stage of sleep, wherein no desire is wished for and no dream is seen, is called

deep sleep. In the deep sleep state, the mode of shining of Atma is known as

Prajña (which indicates the knowing person). In this mode the entire knowledge is

really unified into an undifferentiated mass; it is verily blissful (anandamaya). So,

bliss alone is enjoyed in this third mode and the mukha (mouth) therefore is

consciousness.

When we are in deep sleep, we don't see any dream; nor do we desire for

anything; for, in this state we don't experience any differentiation into sthula or

pravivkta, in respect of cognisance of objects. Actually, we know no objects; the

entire knowledge is unified into an aggregate, a mass of knowledge without any

differentiation. We only know 'I am' and enjoy only bliss since there is only 'I' and

nothing other than 'I' to desire for or dread about. The one who knows 'I am' is

known as 'Prajña' which veritably is the name of this third mode of shining of

Atma. Since only bliss is there to enjoy, this mode is said to be blissful

(Anandamaya). Neither mind nor any sense is used for enjoyment of bliss; it is

enjoyed by the consciousness within.

In the first two modes, nineteen mukhas are used for the knowing/expressing

process. Here, none of these comes in the picture; only the inner consciousness is

used; that is why it is stated that the mukha here is 'cetas' (consciousness). In fact,

consciousness is the energy behind the whole knowing process undertaken by

the senses and Antahkaranas. In this third mode, which is subtler than the

previous ones, it has taken over the whole process since the senses, Manas and

Buddhi are inactive.

In the remaining verses, the Upanisad presents another view of the principle of

Atma, based on syllables. It is said in verse 8 that the syllable 'Om' represents

Atma; 'Om' is a combination of three sounds namely a- u- and m-. These three

Hear the unheard, see the unseen, feel the unfelt and unravel the unspoken - Ramesh Kumar Bung. 15

On the basis of an assessment of the current and evolving macroeconomic situation at its meeting

on 5th April, 2018, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) decided to:

Ÿ Keep the policy repo rate under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) unchanged at 6.0 %.

Ÿ Consequently, the reverse repo rate under the LAF remains at 5.75 %, and the marginal

standing facility (MSF) rate and the Bank Rate at 6.25 %.

The decision of the MPC is consistent with the neutral stance of monetary policy in consonance with

the objective of achieving the medium-term target for consumer price index.

The RBI Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) cut the consumer price index (CPI) inflation forecast

for the first half of FY19 to 4.7-5.1 % from the previous estimate of 5.1-5.6 %, including the HRA

impact for central government employees, with risks tilted to the upside.

FIRST BI-MONTHLY MONETARY POLICY STATEMENT, 2018-19 RESOLUTION OF THE (MPC) - RBI

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Bank has arranged Intensive Credit Management Training Programmes for the recently recruited Probationary Officers in two batches at Hotel Royalton, Abids, Hyderabad in April, 2018. Sri Purshotamdas Mandhana, Chairman, Sri Ramesh Kumar Bung, Chairman-Emeritus, Sri Rampal Attal, Vice Chairman, Sri Umesh Chand Asawa, MD & CEO and other executives inaugurating the couple of programmes.