Volume 2

ENGINEERING

MECHANICS

IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Proceedings of the

Fifth Engineering Mechanics Division

Specialty Conference

Sponsored by the

Engineering Mechanics Division

of the American Society of Civil Engineers

University of WyomingLaramie, Wyoming 82071

August 1-3,1984

In cooperation withThe Department of Civil Engineering andThe Division of Conferences and Institutes

University of Wyoming

Edited byA. R Boresi and K. R Chong

UB/TIB Hannover 8£

Published by the

American Society of Civil Engineers345 East 47th Street

NewYork, New York10017-2398

CONTENTS

KEYNOTE LECTURES

Twenty Years of Developments in Inelastic DynamicsP S Symonds 1

Trends in Mechanics ot Dynamic Instability

H H E Leipholz 24

Runaway Solitons

T Y Wu 1527

COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

C.l Structural Optimization

Mmumum Cost Computer Aided Design of Hybrid Girders

K E Anderson and K. P Chong 42

The Role of Optimization in Constitutive ModellingJ S DeNdtale 46

Fuzzy Optimum Design of Structures

G -Y Wang and W Q Wang 50

Optimality Criteria for Safety-Based Design

F Y Cheng and C C Chang 54

ct-[3 Algorithm in Structural OptimizationJ -H Lin 58

C.2 Structural Optimization

Structural Optimization Research in Dalian Institute of TechnologyL-X Qian 62

Optimization of Shapes tor Curve Beams oi Hooks

M J Nowak 66

Simple Algorithm for Dynamic Optimization of Structure

R Masih 70

Optimization of Beam-Columns for Static and Dynamic Stability

G Lin L P Nguyen and K Oei 74

Structural Optimization Using Two Level Approximation Concepts and GRG Method

S H Wang and K M Ragsdell 78

COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

CM.l Optimization of Civil Engineering Structures

Gauss Nonhnearly Constrained Optimization Method

D R Boston K D Willmert and M Sathyamoorthy 82

Computer-Automated Synthesis of Building Frameworks

D E Gnerson and G b Cameron 86

Simultaneous Analysis and DesignR r Haftka 90

Reducing the Degree of Geometric Nonhneanty Thiough Structural OptimizationM P Kamat and L Mesquita 94

Optimum Design of Concrete Columns with Rectangular Sections Reinforced by

Symmetrical Steel Bars

F A Wang 98

CM 2 Mechanics of Composite Materials

Analysis of Delamination in Composite Laminates

A K Kaw and J G Goree 102

Low Velocity Impact Resistance of Tough Composites

K N Shivakumar and W IUg 106

A High Order Theory of Laminated Shells

J N Reddy and C F Liu 109

2D, Quasi 3-D and 3D Analysis of Composite Joints

I S Raju, B Dattaguru, and J D Whitcomb in

Three Dimensional Hybrid Stress Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminates

with Cracks and Cutouts

S S Wang 116

CM.3 Boundary Element Methods

Generic Modeling—Boundary Integral Equation Method for Beam Section Properties

and Design Sensitivity ExponentsC P Pulver 120

Boundary Element Methods in Stream—Aquifer Interaction

J A Liggett 124

Finite Element—Boundary Integral Linkage AlgorithmsW S Dunbar 128

Integral Equation Methods in Fracture Mechanics

N J Altiero H2

Boundary Methods for Time Dependent Problems

J R Hutchinson 136

The Method of Fundamental Solutions, An Adaptive Boundary Eiement Method for

Problems in Potential Flow and Solid Mechanics

R L Johnston G Fairweather and P S Han 140

CM 4 Applied Fracture Mechanics

Analysis of Fracture Conditions for a Loaded FlangeP D Hilton R A Mayville and D C Pence 144

The Effect ol Biaxial Loading on Crack Tip Yield Zones

E T Moyer Ji and H Liebowitz 147

Modeling ol Multiple Fractures in a Borehole

S E Benzley and R A Schmidt 151

Fracture Mechanics Studies on High Pressuie Gas Cylinders

E P Chen 155

Computational Techniques for Predicting Rock Fragmentation and Rubbhzation

L M Taylor and J S Kuszmaul 157

Finite Element Analysis of Circular-Sector Cracks

C W Woo and C L Chow 1528

CM.5 Elasticity and Damage

Lateial Buckling of Beams

E Reissner H

Stress Analysis ol an Adhesive Lap Joint

P Czarnocki and K Piekarski 160

Finite Element Modelling of Discrete Cracks in Reinforced Concrete byContact Elements

W Kolmar and G Mehlhoin 164

A Variational Function toi Material DegradationG R Buchanan J G Bennett and E C Aifantis 168

CM.6 Computational Methods in Civil Engineering

A Numerical Method tor Solving Poisson s Equations and Double Poisson s EquationsZ -T Xue 172

Successive Symmetric Quadratures A New Approach to the Integration of Ordinary

Dilferential Equations

A R Robinson and T J Healey 176

Stability Analysis ot Mindhn s Plate by Higher Order Finite Element

A H C Chan L G Tham and Y K Cheung 180

Artificial Intelligence in Computer Aided Design of Structures

H Adeh 184

Beam Function

J J Tuma and C G Date 188

Analysis of Unbonded Fnctionless Contact Problems by Means of Penalty Method

F F Mahmoud 192

CM 7 Dynamics and Vibration

Infinite Element for Vibration of Half SpaceP Karasudhi and R K N D Rajapakse 197

Dynamic Loads in Layered Halfspaces

S W Hull and E Kausel 201

Application ot the Collocation Method to Static and Dynamic Analysis ol Shells

of Revolution

T Mikami and J Yoshimura 205

Transient Analysis of Skeletal Stiuctures

A E Vardy and L I Chan 209

Finite Elements for Static and Dynamic Analysis of Thin and Thick Plates

in Bending—A Comparative Evaluation

D Karamanhdis E E McEwen and G Fezzuoglio 213

Crashworthiness Evaluation of FRP CompositesB Pradhan and B Agrawal 218

CM.8 Novel Application of Numerical Methods

Stochastic Estimation of Electrical ConsumptionS D Koppula 222

Nonlinear Finite Element Model for Reinforced Concrete

B P Hsu and H M Aktan 1523

A Hybrid Method for Problems of Dynamics of Foundations

H -T Lin and J L Tassoulas 226

^Manuscript not available at time of printing

Boundary Integral Methods in Free Seepage AnalysisJ B Martins and E V da Veiga 230

Computing for Multistory Frame by Small Storage ComputerC-S Chao 234

The Oblique Network Method for Stiucture Optimal DesignJ Tang 236

CM.9 Plates and Shells

Compound Strip Method for Analysis of Continuous Elastic Plates

J A Puckett and R M Gutkowski 240

Application of the Similitude Theory for Numerical Solution ot Plates and Shells

with Large Deflections

B L Krayterman and G M Sabms 244

On Large Displacement Analysis of A Class ot Beams

T Huang 248

The "Integrated Bending Field" Plate Element

G R Moms 252

Vibration of Irregular Plates by Finite Strip Method with Spline Functions

J L Chen and K P Chong 256

The Uniformly Valid Asymptotic Solutions for Sphencal Thin Shells with

Constant Thickness undei Edge Loads

G Chen 261

DYNAMICS

D.l Dynamic Fluid-Structure Interaction

Dynamic Response of a Submerged Prolate Spheroidal Shell to a LongitudinalShock Wave

J C Wawa and F L DiMaggio 265

Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Marine Pipelines to Directional Wave Forces with

Random Soil Resistance

L E Borgman, R T Hudspeth, J W Leonard, M E Zimmerman, and

J H George 269

Foiced Vibrations of a Submerged Fluid Filled Elastic Shell

T-C Su 273

Vibration of Piping Systems with a Moving Medium

C W S To and V Kaladi 277

Dynamic Effects of Liquid in Liquid-Shell SystemsL T Phan and P L Gould 281

Dynamic Response of Tension Leg Platforms to Ice Forces

M Arockiasamy, A S J Swamidas P S Cheema and K Munaswamy 285

D.2 Experimental and Analytical Models of Dynamic Systems

Observed Dynamic Response ot a Single-Story Masonry House Model

G C Manos and R W Clough 289

Full-Scale Investigation of Tall Mast Vibrations

W -S Lin, B Yuan and X -Q Liu 293

Calculated Rocking Behavior of an Embedded Rigid BodyW C Dass, J -Y Liu and S -Y Kung 297

Nonlinear Damping in Nailed Wood ComponentsA Polensek 301

A Mathematical Model for Vibratory Pile DrivingD. Dicker 305

A Dynamic Balance for the Measurement of Modal Forces on Wind Tunnel Models

B. E. Lee and R. A. Evans 308

D.3 Dynamics of Structures I

Response Spectrum Method for Nonstructural Systems

R. Villaverde 312

Dynamic Decoupling of MDOF Secondary Systems

A. K. Gupta and J. M. Tembulkar 316

Fundamental Period of Vibrations of Structures

H. Adeli and J. Mohammadi 320

An Evaluation of Numerical Procedures for the Computation of Bilinear

Hysteretic ResponseJ. M. Nau and M. M. Hwang 324

Dynamic Response to High-Rise Building Subject to Wind Excitation

M. A. M. Torkamani and E. Pramono 328

Cyclic Behavior of Dynamic Response Time Histories

J. M. Pauschke and S. Krishnamurty 332

Vibration Analysis and Earthquake Response of Space Truss

Y.-A. He 336

A Direct Method for Deriving Seismic Response Spectra for Secondary Systems

L. M. Alvarez and C. A. Prato 340

D.4 Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction

Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Earth Dams

A. M. Elgamal, A. M. Abdel-Ghaffar and J. H. Prevost 344

Modal Analysis and Substructure CouplingJ. L. Tassoulas and J. M. Roesset 348

Pseudo-Three Dimensional Seismic Analysis of Soil-Foundation-Superstructure System

H. Takemiya and K. Uotani 352

Buried Pipeline in a Soil Liquefaction Environment

Y.-H. Yeh and L. R.-L. Wang 356

Seismic Response of Pile Supported Cooling Towers

B.-J. Lee and P. L. Gould 360

Dynamic Stiffness of Pile Groups—Approximate Solutions

I. S. Salinero, J. M. Roesset and J. L. Tassoulas 364

Dynamic Interaction of Twin Tunnels

T. Balendra, D. P. Thambiratnam, C. G. Koh and S.-L. Lee 368

D.5 Dynamics of Beams, Plates, and Shells

Large Amplitude Vibrations of Geometrically Imperfect, Clamped Anti-Symmetric

Angle and Cross Ply Rectangular Plates

D. Hui 372

Influence of Transverse Shear and Rotatory Inertia on Nonlinear Vibration of Hybrid

Composite Plates

K. S. Sivakumaran 376

Large Amplitude Vibrations of Geometrically Imperfect Shallow Spherical Shells

with Structural Damping

D, Hui 380

vii

Transient Vibration Analysis by the Receptance Method

R G Jacquot 384

Response of Hyperbolic Cooling Tower to Turbulent Wind

W D Lu 388

Nonlinear Vibrations of Composite Cylindrical Panels

A P Bhattacharya 392

On Vibration ol Anisotropic Laminated Beams

Z D Zhang 396

D.6 Structural Response to Impulsive Loading

Impulsive Direct Shear Failure in R/C Beams

T J Ross and H Krawmkler 400

Reliability of R/C Slabs Subjected to Blast Loads

A Longinow, J Mohammadi and P K Khan 404

Elasto-Plastic Response of Plates to Blast Load

D Z Yankelevsky 408

Parametric Studies of Shock Wave PropagationS Ginsburg 412

Evaluation of Projectile Impact on Eaith Covered Structures

D L Logan and P L Rosengren 416

Dynamic Flexure Shear Thrust Interaction in RC Slabs

T Krauthammer T J Holmquist and N Bazeos 420

Explosion Damage to Urban Structures

H S Napadensky and A Longmow 423

D.7 Dynamics of Structures II

Upthrow of Objects Due to Horizontal Impulse Excitation

I N Psychans and P C Jennings 427

Seismic Analysis of Slightly Asymmetric Structures

A A Huckelbndge, Jr and R Kannan 431

Dynamic Analysis of Buildings by Component Mode SynthesisMAM Torkamani and J T Huang 435

Input Identification from Multiple Nonlinear Vibrational ResponsesY -X Hu, J -Q Zhu and L Zhu 439

The Dynamic Response of Engineering Structures Subject to Excitation by Moving

Mass SystemsD P Murphy and A P Boresi 443

The Lateral Vibration of Bridge Under the Freight Cars

Cao Xue Qin 447

ELASTICITY

E.l Inelastic Analysis

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Waste Shipping Cask

P C Rasmusson, C M Charman and R E Nickell 451

Development of a Rate Dependent Plasticity Model

D J Bammann and G C Johnson 454

Pipe Support Concepts Using Nonlinear Methods

J L McLean and R L Cloud 458

Forced-Vibration Elasto-Plastic Analysis ot Multi-Degree-of-Freedom

Systems with DampingC Biglanan and K P Chong 462

Stress Analysis ot Elastic Pipeline and Ambient Viscoelastic Media

Q H Wang and Q -Z Mao 465

E.2 Composites in Stuictures

Composite Slab with Stud Restraint

M L Porter and L F Greimann 469

Binding and Bonding Concrete to Composite Columns

R W Furlong 473

Effect ol Boundary Conditions on Stud Connector Foices in Composite SystemsU Yuceoglu 479

Bending of Thick Rectangular Composite Plates

G Z Voyiadjis and M H Baluch 483

Sensitivity Study of Composite Cylindrical Shells

N Tolbert 487

Torsional Stiffness of Non uniform and Hollow Rigid Piers Embedded in IsotiopicElastic Media

R K N D Raiapakse and A P S Selvadurai 491

E 3 Studies in Elasticity and Continuum Theory

Elliptical Rigid Inclusions at Bi-Matenal Elastic Interlaces

APS Selvadurai 495

A Coordmate-Free Approach to the Kinematics ot Membranes

C -S Man and H Cohen 499

Investigation of a Refined Plane Elasticity TheoryH M Chou and L R Herrmann 503

Generalized Variational Principles in ElasticityW -Z Chien 507

Displacement Formulations of VBPS in 3D ElasticityH S Ho 511

Constitutive Laws of Bimodular Cross Anisotropic Materials

A M El-Laithy 515

E 4 Plates, Shells, and Arches

Analysis of Concentric Stiffened CylindersJ W Schwalbe 519

Optimum Shape for Pressure Vessel Attachments

G S Bjorkman Jr and R Richards Jr 523

Stress Analysis of Nozzles in Ellipsoidal Pressure Vessel Heads

Y J Chao and M A Sutton 527

Homogenized Model of Plate with Transverse OpeningsA Bourgeat and R fapiero 531

Hollow Conic Shell Foundation and Calculation

C -Z He 535

The Theory of Conical Shell and Its ApplicationHuang-Yih 539

Analysis of All the Elastic Support Continuous Arches by the Method ot Distribution

G-J Fang 543

Rational Calculation of Conic Shells

C ZHe .547

E.5 Problems in Elasticity and Fracture

Factional Forces Acting on a Fractured Wire in a Wire Rope

C-H Chien and G A Costello 551

Pullout of a Rigid Insert From an Elastic Medium

G K Hantos and L M Keer 555

Modelling the Hydrofracture Process as a Coupled Double Free Boundary Problem

R B Stout 559

The COD as a Fracture Criterion for Conciete

C -G Go and S E Swartz 563

On a Dynamic Mixed Boundary-Value Problem of a Rigid Body Upon A Semi-Infinite

Elastic Medium

Y C Shey 567

An Energy Method for Plate—Half-Space Interaction

M M Zaman and M 0 Farugue 571

E.6 Finite and Boundary Element Solutions

Boundary Element Method Applied to Anisotropic Half-Plane Problems

J -Q Tarn and Y -M Wang 575

Horizontal Rocking Stiffness ot Embedded FootingsM Oner and F -H T Chang 579

Analysis of a Plane Elastica with Follower Forces

R h Miller and W -B Chou 583

A Plane Stress Finite Element with In Plane Flexural Modes

F A Batla, V J Meyers and P R Reisnour 587

A Simplified Finite Element Approach lor Analysis of Folded Plate Stiuctuies

F A Batla, V J Meyers and P R Reisnour 591

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND INSTRUMENTATION

EX.1 Large Scale Testings

Failure Mechanisms of Stub Girders

M U Hosain and C Tse 595

Full Scale Shear Tests of Embedded Floor Modules

K E Fncke, W D Jones and E G Burdette 599

Full-Scale Seismic Tests on a Six-Storey Concentrically K-Braced Steel Building—

U S Japan Cooperative Research Program

H Yamanouchi, M Midonkawa, I Nishiyama and B Kato 603

Temperature Stress in a Large Concrete Foundation

R L Yuan and W F Chen 607

Full-Scale Wind and Structural Response Data

H S Norville W P Vann K C Mehta and A F Farwagi 611

EX.2 Special Experimental Problems

Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Fly-Ash Concrete

R L Yuan and W F Chen 615

The Effects of Elevated Rock Temperature on DrillingM G Karfakis 619

Impact Testing of Composite Cylindrical Shell Structures

C N Sun 623

Aerodynamic Studies of the Thousand Islands BridgeT A Fisher and P J Lons 627

Bending Mechanism for Rubber Gasketed Pipe Joints

A C Singhal and M -P Chung 631

EX.3 Experimental Techniques to Study the Effects of Blast, Shock,

and Impact on Structural Systems

Instrumented Impact Testing of Brittle Materials

V S Gopalaratnam and S P Shah 635

Measurement ol Combined Fragment Blast Impulse in the Near Field of

Cased ExplosivesH P Mehlin and W Pan 640

A High-Impulsive Short-Duration Load Geneiator

S A Kiger and T R Slawson 644

Measurements of Concrete Response at High Stresses and High Strain Rates

J K Gran C M Romander and J D Colton 648

Blast and Shock Testing of Modulat Structures

M K W Wong 652

Soil and Structural Motions from Explosive TestingT Krauthammer 656

EX.4 Concrete Experiments and Technology

Mechanics ot Sheai Failuie in Epoxy-Jointed Concrete

N Nakazawa V C Li, H Einstein 0 Buyukozturk and D Wium 659

Dynamic Compressive Testing of Concrete and Mortar

T -X Tang L E Malvern and D A Jenkins 663

Load History Effects on the Tensile Strength of Steel Fiber Reinroiced Conciete

H Y Ko V C Janoo and S Sture 667

Dynamic Shear Failures in One-Way Slabs

S A Kiger and T R Slawson 671

Structural Performance of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Component under Axial

and Eccentric Load

J F Jiang G -Z Tang and B -Q Zhao 675

EX.5 Experimental Instrumentation and Techniques

Shearography A New Engineering Measurement Tool

Y Y Hung, J D Hovanesian 680

Data Acquisition Analysis in Wind Tunnel Testing

T Stathopoulos 684

Modelling of Concrete Armout Units in a Bieakwater Environment

K R Hall, D J Turcke, G Coggins 688

Interlaminar Cracks in Laminated Beams Isodyne Assessment of Some

Analytical Solutions

J T Pindera B R Krasnowski and M J Pindera 692

FLUIDS

F.l Invited Lectures on Fluids

On the Nature of Stratified Fluid Turbulence

R R Long 696

Experiments on Internal Solitary Waves

T W Kao 700

Cavitation Research and Its Relevance in the Practice of Hydraulic EngineeringR E A Arndt 702

F 2 Water Waves

Laboraloiy Studies of Steep and Breaking Deep Watei Waves

S C Ramberg and 0 M Gnffin 712

Calculation of Watei Wave Scattering with Friction

H S Chen 716

Non Linear Plane Wave Propagation in Shoaling Shallow Watei

G Venezian 720

Random Wave Force Transformation on Sloping Beach

B Y H Chen and C Y Yang 724

Compact Spectral Representation of Surface Wave Data

J M Niedzwecki 728

Transformation of Wave SpectraM F Overton 731

F.3 Fluid-Structure Interaction

A Calculation of Hydrodynamic Pressures on Dam

M H Wang and T -K Hung 735

Hydrodynamic Effect on Circular Dam-Reservoir System Due to EarthquakesD S Kadle and A T Chwang 739

Seismic Water Pressure on Dams in Arbitrarily Shaped Reseivous

L C Huang and A T Chwang 743

Influence Matrix of Hydrodynamic Pressure

Q -X Wang Y -W Liu and M Lu 747

Liquid Sloshing in Cylindrical Tanks

M A Haroun 751

Viscous Effects on the Fluid-Structuie Interaction During EarthquakeR B Samant T Ku and V W Nee '

F 4 Buoyant and Stratified Flows

Simultaneous Velocity and Concentration Measurements in Round Vertical BuoyantJets Using Optical TechniquesP N Papanicolaou and E J List 755

Mechanics ot Inclined Dense Plumes

V Alavian and V A Tsihrmtzis 759

Laminar Axisymmetnc Starting Plume Measurements

D J Shhen 763

Wave Propagation in a Viscous Two-Layered Fluid

R Y Lai and M A Diaz 767

Small Scale Time Dependent Convection Near the Ocean Surface

R W Barbien 771

Combined Forced and Natural Convection of Heat in Side irms

T W Sturm 773

F.S T urbulent Flows

Eddy Formation and Break-up in a Turbulent Flow

B Ahlborn A Filuk and S Loewen 777

Turbulence in Flow about a Circular CylinderW Z Sadeh 781

Calculation ol Thick Boundary Layers and Wakes of Axisymmetnc Bodies

H C Chen and V C Patel 783

"Manuscript not available at time of printing

xn

Piediction ot Turbulent Separation Near a Front Stagnation RegionC J Chen S M Chang and C H Sung 787

The Mixing Length in a Plane Jet

C Y Guo 701

A Method of Low Turbulence Linear Shear Flow Production

B W Lee and F Ahmed 795

Logarithmic and Power Law Velocity Profiles

B L Sill and P Inmula 799

An Experimental Investigation of a Confined Turbulent Jet

L D Chen and C J Park 803

F 6 Channel and Pipe Flows

Mechanics of a Pneumatic Tide GaugeS C Ling and H P Pao 807

Coupled Runoff Processes A Finite Element Model

C B Burke and D D Gray 811

Curvature Effects on Fluid Flow Thiough 180° Channels

V D Murty 815

Slender Body Moving in Shallow Waters

Y Liu +

Analysis of Secondary Circulation Neai the Outer Bank in River Meander Bends

C R Thorne and S Rais *

F 7 Flow in Porous Media

Relaxation From Forced Downflow to Buoyantly Driven Upflow About a Vertical

Heat Source in a Liquid Saturated Porous Medium

D C Reda 819

Stability of Interfaces in a Porous Medium

S Y Tang and D A Krueger 823

Predicting Migration of Gioundwater Contamination

T H Wu and C S Curtis 827

Stochastic Analysis of Flows in Nonhomogeneous and Anisotropic Porous Media

0 Lafe •

F 8 Special Flows

History Effect on Stress Generating Collisions in a Granular Flow

N L Ackermann and H H Shen 831

Size Gradation and Stresses in Rapid Granular Flows

H H Shen 835

Discontinuous Tuibidity Currents and Powder Snow Avalanches

Y Fukushima and G Parker 839

Rotating Open Channel Flow Past TopographyD L Boyer F Biolley L Smathers G Chabert d Hieres and H Didelle 843

Laminar Boundary Layer Flow of a Non Newtonian Fluid on a Rotating Blade

R S R Gorla 847

On the Use of Finite Elements in Plastic Fluid Flow

V D Murty 851

On the Steady and Uniform Turbulent Flow

C G Zhang 855

^Manuscript not available at time ol punting

xiu

F.9 Fluid-Structure Interactions

Nonlinear Impulsive Force on a Vertical Cylinder

K H Wang and A T Chwang 859

Vortex Flow Around Slender Structural Members of H-Cross-Sections

M Chi and J Vossoughi 863

Turbulent Reattachment in Circular-Cylinder Flows

C Farrell 867

Prediction of Karman Vortex Behind Arbitrary Symmetnc Body

C J Chen and W S Cheng 871

Effect of Pressure Gradient on the Motion of a Sphere in an Oscillating Fluid

L W Lee 875

GENERAL TOPICS

G.l General Topics

A Further Study of Interaction Diagrams and Failure Surfaces of Structural

Concrete Member under Combined Biaxial Flexure and Axial Tension

C T Hsu C S S Sea and H P Lee 879

Inelastic Dynamic Response of Braced Tall Buildings to EarthquakesP Jayachandran and A Saffar 883

Crossing Statistics of Mast Antenna Structures

C W S To 887

Consolidation of Poroelastic Arterial Tissue

A H D Cheng R Skalak S Weinbaum and J C Y Ni 891

Factors Affecting Uniqueness and Convergence in the Determination of

Intervertebral Disc Material Properties Using the Finite Element Method

N Yoganandan, G Ray, A Sances, Ji and J Myklebust 895

Application of Stochastic Processes in Innovative Structural DesignT Atciszewski 899

Dynamics of Building Frames by Distribution Factor Method

A Y T Leung 903

Mechanics in Civil and Construction Robotics

D A Sangrey and 1 J Oppenheim 905

G.2 Beams and Thin-Walled Members

Stress Concentrations in Notched Timber Beams

S Abou-Ghaida and V K A Gopu 909

Circular Grade Beam Torsion Analysis and DesignC N MacDonald R L Pendleton and V Ramakrishnan 913

Creep of Thin-Walled Cylinder under Combined Loads

J H Lau and C K Hu 917

Thin Wall Section Properties by Graphical IntegrationM E Cnswell 921

Damage Assessment of Existing Cantilever Beams

D S Hsu and D -R Chen 925

Finite Beam on Vlazov LayerM Nassar 929

Response Spectra for Beams Due to an ImpactM R Resheidat 93T

INELASTIC BEHAVIOR

1.1 Inelastic Models tor Soils

A Bounding Surface Plasticity Model for Anisotropic ClaysA Anandarajah, Y F Dafahas and L R Herrmann 937

Stability of Large Spent Shale Embankments

N Y Chang, T-H Wu and S-S Jiang 941

Instability of Loose Saturated Sands Under Monotomc LoadingJ F Peters 945

Time-Dependent Characterization of Compacted ClayS V Ramaswamy 949

A Third-Invariant Viscoplasticity Theory for Rate-Dependent Soils

H L Schreyer and J E Bean 953

Yielding and Plastic Flow Characteristics of a Fine Grained Granular Mateual

H J Sinwardane and K H Liong 957

1.2 Inelastic Nonlinear Response and Stability of Structures

Nonlinear Behavior of Sandwich Panels

R Hussein and C F Peck, Jr 961

Nonlinear Stress Analysis of Curved Bars

J H Lau and C -K Hu 965

Stability Behavior of Uniformly Loaded Flexible Bars of Elasto-Plastic Materials

F Monasa and G Lewis 969

Experimental Determination of Post Buckling Performance of Steel Angle Columns

R P Purasinghe, W H Mueller and A L Wagnei 973

Inelastic Cyclic Bending of Thin-Walled Tubes

P K Shaw and S Kynakides 977

Full Scale Testing Program for Thm Curved Panels

T T Sokol Jr 981

I 3 Dynamic Response of Inelastic Structures

Metallic Tube Energy Dissipation SystemsJ F Carney J R Veillette and S R Reid 985

Elastic-Plastic Dynamic Analysis of Frames by Mode-Superposition and Plastic Loads

W K Ho and T H Lin 989

Finite Element Linear and Nonlinear Transient Response Analysis of Frame Structures

D Karamanhdis 993

Evaluation of Limit Seismic Factor in Anisotropic Cohesion SlopesT Sawada, S G Nomachi, W F Chen and Y Takahashi 997

Impact Analysis of Large Structural Systems Considering Local NonhneantyY L Tien S A Yeh and R H Toland 1001

Identification of Inelastic MDF SystemsM -L Wang T L Paez and F Ju 1005

1.4 Inelastic Modelling of Engineering Materials

Creep Model for Constant Stress and Constant Strain Rate

A M Fish 1009

On Creep and Relaxation of the Viscoelastic Materials

I J Emn and G W Ehrenstem 1013

Cyclic Stress-strain Model for Metals with High Stacking Fault EnergyN G Cofie and H Krawinkler 1017

xv

Bodner Viscoplastic Constitutive Model for Inconel 718

F. A. Kolkailah and A. J. McPhate 1021

A Viscoplastic Constitutive Model for Anisotropic Metals at High TemperatureD. N. Robinson 1025

A Strength Criterion for Grade AGOT Graphite

C. L. D. Huang, E. S. Garibay, H. A, Hackerott and S. E. Swartz 1028

An Improved Non-Linear Model for Ice

W. Szyszkowski and P. G. Glockner 1032

A Method for Solving Statically Indeterminate Structure When Rheological Propertyof Materials is Considered

Q.-H. Wang and W.-J. Ding 1036

1.5 Inelastic Behavior of Structural Elements

Plastic Collapse, Shakedown and HysteresisS. A. Guralnick, S. Singh and T. Erber 1038

Bounding-Surface Plasticity Model for Frames

S. I. Hilmy and J. F. Abel 1042

Optimal Design of Skeletal Structures under Service and Ultimate Constraints

N. Ishikawa, T. Mihara and K. Furukawa 1046

Minimum Thickness Design of Symmetric Composite Laminates

H. L. M. dos Reis 105O

Recent Extensions of Prager's Theories of Optimal Plastic Design and Optimal LayoutG. I. N. Rozvany, Y. K. Min and R. Sandler 1054

Creep Analysis of Structure—Foundation Interaction Problems

A. M. Vinogradov 1058

1.6 Fluid-Structure Interaction of Liquid Filled Systems

Effect of Baffles on Seismically Excited Tanks

S. H. Shaaban and W. A. Nash 1062

Sloshing Response of a Reactor Tank with Internals

D. C. Ma, J. Gvildys and Y. W. Chang 1065

Numerical Simulation of Liquid SloshingT.-C. Su and S.-Y. Kang 1069

Design Sensitivity Analysis of Liquid-Filled Tanks

W. K. Liu 1073

Hydrodynamic Pressures on Deformable Sloping Dams

M. A. Haroun and E. A. Abdel Hafiz 1077

Dynamic Analysis of Short-Length Gravity Dams

A. A. Rashed and W. D. Iwan 108 1

1.7 Fracture Mechanics of Inelastic Solids

Applied J-Integrals in Tensile Panels with Short Cracks

R. H. Dodds and D. T. Read 1085

Viscoplasticity in Elevated Temperature FatigueT. Nicholas and M. Bohun 1089

Fracture Properties of a Pearlitic Nodular Iron

K.-P. Jen, J. T. Scardina and D. G. Smith 1092

Comparisons of Inelastic J and J* Evaluations for the Blunt Crack and the SharpCrack Models

Y. C. Pan, A. H. Marchertas and J. M. Kennedy 1096

xvi

Viscoplastic Cyclic Effects in Crack Mechanics

R. E. Wilson and A. N. Palazotto[101

Elastic-Plastic Fracture of a Solid Cylindrical Rod Containing an ExternalCircular Crack

C. W. Woo and M. D. Kuruppu 1 105

1.8 Analysis and Synthesis of Inelastic Structures

Biaxial Moment—Curvature Characteristics for Irregular ShapedReinforced Concrete Columns

C.-T. T. HsuI 109

Deformations of HSS Beams Subjected to Cold BendingM. Seddeik and J. B. Kennedy 1113

Creep Modelling for Composite Masonry Walls

S. C. Anand and B. Dandawate 1117Elasto-Plastic Modelling of the Strength of A Rolled Section Under

Local Compression0. A. El-Nawawy 1121

Inelastic Behavior of Continuous Prestressed Steel Girders

S. I. Al-Noury, M. A. Choudhry, S. A. Ali and S. Huq 1124

Mechanical Behavior of Constrained Concrete

W.-C. Liu 1128

1.9 Numerical Methods in Inelastic AnalysisFinite Element Implementation of Viscoplastic Constitutive Relations

T. Y. Chang, J. P. Chang and S. C. Chu 1 132Finite Element Solution of Pressurized Thick Tubes

P. C. T. Chen and G. P. O'Hara 1137

Inelastic Analysis for Plate Bending in Steel ConnectionsA. R. Kukreti, T. M. Murray and M. Ghassemieh 1141

Prediction of Salt Behavior Using RHS Method

W. T. Li 1145

Equivalent Grid Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Plates

W. C. McCarthy and L. Traina 1149

Elastic-Viscoplastic Thin Shell AnalysisS. Saigal and T. Y. Yang 1153

PROBABILISTIC METHODS

PM.l Random Earthquake Excitation and Structural Response

Response of Yielding Columns to Random Base Motion

H. S. Norville and S. H. Liew 1157

Stochastic Simulation of Earthquake Motions

G. Padmanabhan and A. H. Chowdhury 1161

Dynamic Reliability Analysis for "Slip-Hysteresis" Structures with Multidegree-of-Freedom under Stationary Earthquake Excitation (Based on the Cumulative Damageand Mechanism)

W.-L. Qu, J.-P. Ou and G,-Q. Li 1165

Stochastic Model for Seismic Damage Assessment

Y. J. Park, A. H.-S. Ang and Y. K. Wen 1 168

Stochastic Seismic Response Analysis of Hysteretic MDF Structures UsingResponse Spectra

J.-R. Jiang and Q.-N. Lu 1172

Probabilistic Response of a Stiffness Degrading Model

V Sotoudeh and J J Azevedo 1176

PM.2 Stochastic Methods for Secondary Systems

Random Vibration of Cascaded Secondary Systems with Multiple SupportsD A Gaspanm and C -H T Ke 1180

The Development of Methods to Predict Both the Dynamic and Pseudo-Static

Response of Secondary Structures Subjected to Seismic Excitations

M Subudhi and P Bezler 1184

Non-Stationary Response of Secondary SystemsT Igusa and A Der Kiureghian 1188

Floor Spectra foi Nonclassically Damped Structures

M P Singh and A H Sharma 1192

PM.3 Probabilistic Modeling of Natural Hazards

Multidirectional Analysis of Extreme Wind Speed Data

E Simiu, E M Hendnckson, W A Nolan, I 01km and C H Spiegelman 1196

Some Statistical Aspects of Wind and Snow LoadingR B Corotis and B R Ellmgwood 1200

Stochastic Models and Their Use in Seismic Hazard AnalysisA S Kiremidjian and T Anagnos 1204

Stochastic Approach to Earthquake Simulation

P D Spanos and L M Vargas Loll 1208

Upgiading Existing Facilities for Tornado Hazard

J R McDonald and K C Mehta 1212

Prediction ot Extreme Events

M Gngonu 1216

PM.4 Probabilistic Uncertainty and System Analysis

Propagation of Statistical Uncertainties in Complex AnalysisF S Wong and T J Ross 1220

Probability of Fuzzy Events in Engineering Mechanics

J T P Yao 1224

Reliability Design Unsing Polynomial AppioachC S Putcha 1228

Alternative Solutions in Reliability-Based Optimum DesignD M Frangopol 1232

Risk Models for Correlated Non-Normal Variables

A Haldar and B M Ayyub 1237

PM.5 Probabilistic Analysis of Geotechnical and Other Systems

Stability of Soil Masses in Random Seismic Environment

M S Rahman 1241

Sand Compaction in Cyclic Shear—A Statistical Model

R Dobry and E Petrakis 1245

Safety of Footings on SlopesK O Harrap-Wilhams and D Grivas 1249

Influence of Material Heterogeneity on the Fracture of Cement Mortar

P C Perdikans, A Chudnovsky and M T Sharaf 1253

Stochastic Post-Failure Models of Buried Slabs

T J Ross 1257

PM.6 Reliability Analysis

Prool Load Effects on Time Dependent ReliabilityW B Hall 1261

Reliability Analyses of System and Members of Highuse Structuies under

Wind Loads

W-L Qu J -P Ou and G -Q Li 1265

Reliability of Timber Bridge Decks

A S Nowak and B Bakht 1268

Nonhneai Combinations of Load Processes

M Gngonu 1272

Modeling Structural Resistance Probability Distributions

P J Pelhcane 1276

Probabilistic Analysis of Nonlinear Load Exceedances

K C Chou 1280

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

PR.l Geotechnical Material Characterization

Plasticity Modeling of Geotechnical Materials

W F Chen and T Y Chang 1284

Roughness Cntenon for Steel Piles m Trozen Sand

M R M Alwahhab and 0 B Andersland 1288

Effect of Pore Fluid on Soil Cracking Mechanisms

H Y Fang J C Evans and 1 J Kugelman 1292

Influence of a-> on Soil Shear StrengthD H Merkle 1296

Performance of Three Soil Models for a ClayN Y Chang W-Y Sheu and T H Wu 1300

PR.2 Experimental and Analystical Modeling of Soil Behavior

B-Value Tests for Soil Specimens with Anisotiopic Stress States

P V Lade and M M Kirkgard 1304

Experimental and Analytical Modeling of Stress Induced Anisotiopy in Sand

J C Mould, S Sture and H -Y Ko 1308

Directional Shear Experiments and Stress Induced Anisotropy in Soil

A K Ontuna J S Budiman, S Sture and H Y Ko 1312

Validating Predictions of Tailing Embankment Behavior with the CentrifugeR P Rechard and H J Sutherland 1316

Centrifuge Modeling of Earth Dam OvertoppingR J Dunn, E Simanlob and H -Y Ko 1320

Centrifugal and Analytical Modeling of Excavations in Sand

R Azevedo H -Y Ko and S Stuie 1324

PR 3 Transient Response of Dry and Saturated Soils and Rocks

Shear Strength of Soils Sub|ected to a Single Rapid Loading

P C Chan 1328

Cyclic Degradation Models ot Soils

R C ChaneyandH Y Fang 1332

Static and Time Dependent Behavior of Rock Joints

B Amadei and D Israel 1336

Dynamic In Situ Material Properties Determination Expectations and Limitations

E J RmehartandW A Kitch 1341

Measurement ol Cyclic Interface ResponseE C Drumm C S Desai and M M Zaman 1345

PR.4 Creep and Thermal Effects in Concrete and Structures

Numerical Creep AnalysisC A Anderson 1349

Effect ot Progressive Fracturing on the Creep ot Concrete

Z P Bazant and J C Chern 13^3

Modeling of Concrete Response at High Temperature

P Pteitfer and A Marchertas 1357

Performance Evaluation of Precast Segmental Bridges tor Long-Term Elfects

0 Buyukozturk and D J W Wium 1361

Column Length Changes in Tall Concrete Buildings

S K Ghosh and M Fintel 1365

Time Dependent Deflections in Reinforced Concrete Beams

K-H Chu and D J Carreira 1369

Analysis ot Concrete Structures Subjected to Sustained Load and Sustained

Temperature Gradients

W H Dilger and K S Sivakumaran 1373

PR.5 Strain-Softening, Cracking, and Bond-Slip in Concrete I

Is Strain-Softening Mathematically Admissible'

Z P Bazant and T P Chang 1377

Identification of Localized Tensile Concrete Softening

N Bicanic, S Sture and S Day 1381

Composite Damage Model for Localized Fracture

K J Willam, B Hurlbut and N Bicamc 1385

Structural Aspects of Tension Softening in Concrete

D Darwm. L D Leibengood and R H Dodds 1389

Post-Cracking Characteristics ot Concrete in Uniaxial Tension

V S Gopalaratnam and S P Shah 1393

PR.6 Strain-Softening, Cracking and Bond-Slip in Concrete U

Size Effect on Fracture Process Zone in Concrete Using Notched Beam SpecimenM Wecharatana 1399

Hybrid Model for Discrete Cracks in Concrete

D J W Wium 0 Buyukozturk and V C Li 1403

Direct Measurement of Slip Between Steel and Concrete

B J Lahnert, K H Gerstle and J Houde 1407

Tension Stiffening in Reinforced Concrete Under Repeated Uniaxial Tension

P C Perdikans and H Miller 1412

Mechanism of Bond and SlipD H Jiang and S P Shah 1416

PR.7 Microcracking and Fracture

Crack Analysis tor Fractured Surfaces of Cement Paste and Mortar

D Darwin and E K. Attiogbe 1420

Microcracking ol Concrete Submitted to Premature FreezingJ Houde 1424

Fracture Mechanics of Layered Rocks

M D Kuruppu and K P Chong 1428

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Sound Emission in Fracture Mechanics

T.-C. Fan and H. Pongracz 1433

Glass Strength Evaluation Using Ring-on-Ring Tests

H. S. Norville and J. E. Minor 1437

SPECIAL SESSION

SE.l Seismic Problems and Mathematical Methods

Optimal Reference Velocities for Seismic Inversion

D. Hanson, B. B. Chang and R, Inguva 1441

Periodic Response of a Finite Viscoelastic Layered Media

A. Mohan and A. P. Boresi 1445

Elastic Waves in a Fluid-Saturated Porous Medium

W.-L. Chiang and Y. K. Lee 1449

Inverse Methods for Reflector ImagingN. Bleistein, J. K. Cohen and F. G. Hagin *

Apparent Dissipation Due to Small-Scale ScatteringR, Burridge and B. S. White *

Instabilities in Large Elastic Strain Problems

E. Becker *

The Fast Adaptive Composite Grid Method for Solving Differential

Boundary-Value Problems

R. Ewing, S. McCormick and J. Thomas 1453

STABILITY

5.1 Stability of Beams and Frames

Equilibrium Path Existence for a Stmt on an Elastic Foundation

P. J. Wicks 1457

Experimental Investigation of Horizontally Curved Plexiglass I-Girders

C. H. Yoo and R. W. Gipson 1461

Safety of Steel Frames Against Lateral InstabilityJ. Mohammadi and H. Adeli 1465

Torsional Effective Length Factors Perforated Post

W. R. Midgley 1469

Beam-Column Analysis of Rigid Frames

P. R. Reisnour and F. A. Batla 1472

Dynamic Stability of Beams on Elastic Foundations

B. B. Prasad 1476

5.2 Stability of Structural Members

Complementary Energy Formulations for Buckling Analysis of Circular CylindersS. Dost and B. Tabarrok 1480

Interactive Buckling in Thinwalled Structural Members

S. Sridharan and R. Benito 1484

Buckling of Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Unsymmetrical Load

S. Jerath and H. Sadid 1488

Collapse of Long, Non-Circular, Cylindrical Shells Under Pure Bending

S. C. Tang, C. C. Chu and K. S. Yeung 1492

Nonlinear Buckling Analysis of Deep Shell Panels

M. H. Jhaveri 1496

*Manuscript not available at time of printing.

xxi

Second-Order Buckling Analysis of Arches

Y.-L. Yin and X.-Y. Chen 1499

S.3 Stability of Structures

Space Structures—Their Stability, Determinancy and Prestress

H. L. M. dos Reis and B. P. Lilly 1503

Dynamic Stability of Structures Subjected to Shear Waves

S. T. Wu and C. G. Culver 1507

On the Applications of Catastrophe Theory in Engineering Mechanics

I. Hathout 1511

Effects of Joint Moments and Warping on StabilityY.-B. Yang and W. McGuire 1515

Buckling of Steel Structures: A Numerical Simulation

C. A. Castiglioni 1519

Subject Index 1533

Author Index 1541

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