VOLUME 16 NUMBER 4 … · An introduction to BIOSSAM . . . 1 ... social and environmental accept- ... subsequent management ofproposed bioenergy systems; before they can

VOLUME 16 NUMBER 4 www.erc.uct.ac.za DECEMBER 2010

IN THIS ISSUEAn introduction to BIOSSAM . . . 1Efficiency energy management for SMEs in Southern Africa . . . 2Nuclear programme is a trueopportunity for South Africa . . . . 3MLT Drives projects . . . . . . . . . . 4Energy return on energy invested. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Sixth Annual Meeting of theAfrican Science AcademyDevelopment Initiative. . . . . . . . . 6Botswana Coal and EnergyConference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Statement on the Cabinet meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Green Campus Initiative launches Ridelink . . . . . . . . . . . 10National Civil Society EnergyCaucus Conference . . . . . . . . . 11New Oxfam briefing on climatefinance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Four factors key to thedevelopment of the carbonmarkets in Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . 12World Bank coal funding hitsrecord high as it seeks climatefinance control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Vulnerable nations could hasteninternational action on climatechange by taking industrialisedcountries to court, say lawyers . 13Gender and Energy Network ofSouth Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14LPGas – exceptional energy. . . 14Biomass Fuels Holding Group . 14City of Cape Town launches Smart Events Handbook. . . . . . 15Climate Protection Fellowships,Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Sustainable energy stories . . . . 16Africa Gas Summit 2011 . . . . . . 17A low carbon future . . . . . . . . . . 18Energy events 2010 . . . . . . . . . 19

Sponsored by the Departmentof Science & Technology

An introduction toBIOSSAM

– the South African BIOenergy SystemsSustainability Assessment and

Management portal

The global bioenergy industry isadvancing rapidly. New tech-nologies and potential feed-

stocks are being proposed that aimfor bioenergy to contribute to a widerrange of economic, social, and envi-ronmental objectives. However, theseadvancements all require tradeoffsbetween potential technical advan-tages, and socio-economic and envi-ronmental consequences. Despitetechnological advances, a number ofproject failures have been noted withthe development, design and imple-mentation of such renewable energysystems in Africa.

The problems that need to beaddressed are:• How to screen bioenergy options

based on technical feasibility, eco-nomic and financial viability, andsocial and environmental accept-ance. This should be a first phaseto prioritise and choose from thepotential range of bioenergyoptions, in terms of their robust-ness and resilience;

• How to best implement technical-ly feasible solutions, in an inte-

grated manner, within the coun-try’s prevailing political, socio-economic and social-ecologicalsystems; and

• How to monitor the implementa-tion of bioenergy programmes toensure the sustainable adoptionand operation of the chosenoptions. The main problem is, therefore,

how to ensure that policies and deci-sion-making on bioenergy optionsresult in localised social-ecologicaladvantages that outweigh disadvan-tages. The complex behaviours thatboth socio-economic and ecologicalsystems exhibit exacerbate this prob-lem, primarily because of the funda-mental uncertainty associated withthem; these behaviours must berecognised and approaches arerequired to assess and managebehavioural uncertainties in a sus-tainable way. Therefore, both publicand private sector policy-makers,decision-makers, and technologydevelopers, operating from theregional and national levels to thelocal level, require robust methods to

2 Energy Management News

guide structured assessments and thesubsequent management of proposedbioenergy systems; before they canmake sound recommendations relatingto bioenergy supply interventions.

In other words, developed methodsmust be practical for all levels of policy-and decision-makers, and technologydevelopers, yet they must ensure thatthe sustainability of the integratedbioenergy supply systems are asses-sed comprehensively; appropriate in-formation must be provided on techni-cal, financial, socio-economic andenvironmental considerations so thatthe users can take informed decisionsthat lead to sustainable bioenergy inter-ventions.

The BIOenergy Systems Sustain-ability Assessment and Management(BIOSSAM) portal, which is the out-come of a three-year parliamentarygrant to the CSIR, aims to provide thecomprehensive and holistic assess-ment, monitoring and management ofbioenergy interventions in order to planfor sustainable development. BIOS-SAM is a participatory and transparentprocess to decision-making thatinvolves multi-stakeholder engagementcoupled with expert and public opinion.

This helps to ensure stakeholderbuy-in as well as general trust broker-ing that facilitates the process of tech-nology transfer and increases the long-term success of bioenergy inter-ventions. The BIOSSAM portal (www.biossam.org) is an information hub andan analytical framework with a toolboxof decision-support systems for theassessment, monitoring and manage-ment of bioenergy for sustainabledevelopment.� Contact: Prof. Alan Brent

Centre for Renewable and Sustain-able Energy StudiesSchool of Public LeadershipUniversity of StellenboschSustainability InstituteR310 Baden Powell DriveLynedochStellenbosch 7603 South AfricaTel: +27 21 881 3196Fax: +27 21 881 3294Cell: +27 82 468 5110Websites: www.crses.sun.ac.zawww.sopmp.sun.ac.zawww.sustainabilityinstitute.net

There has been a growing world-wide interest in efficient energymanagement to reduce operation

costs and improve the competitivenessof Small and Medium Size Enterprises(SMEs). Despite recent reductions inaggregated energy intensity of GDP inSouthern African Development Com-munity (SADC) member countries, theSME sector has fallen behind largerindustry benchmarks in terms of pro-ductivity, technology upgrading andenergy efficiency (EE). The SME sectorin the Southern Africa Region is experi-encing high and rising energy costs,while facing increased global competi-tion. Price and cost pressures are ofincreasing signification for SMEs’ sur-vival.

In the past, wide-ranging govern-mental programmes and other donors’interventions have been targetingSMEs to address technology upgradingand adoption of clean production prac-tices, but they have not yet focussed onenergy management. The Centre forDevelopment Enterprise (CDE) recog-nises that access to affordable and reli-able energy services is a prerequisitefor economic development. SMEs,especially those for whom energy costsrepresent a large portion of total pro-duction costs, can reap especially highdirect economic benefits from improvedefficiency of energy usage and reduc-tion of energy wastage, yet numerousbarriers and market failures have pre-vented widespread adoption of energymanagement best practices.

Many SMEs in the SAF region areenergy-intensive, employing inefficientand obsolete technologies and opera-tional modalities that endanger theircompetitiveness and future growth.Investments in cost-effective EE meas-

ures would therefore improve their pro-ductivity and bottom-line profits.Despite the financial attractiveness ofthese types of investments and severalefforts to support the development ofEE investment projects as well as thedeployment of technical assistance todeliver EE services, only a small num-ber of projects have actually beenimplemented in the SME sector.

The most significant of these barri-ers is a technical one: SMEs generallylack the technical resources/capacitynecessary to perform a sound analysisof what can be achieved at the enter-prise level to reduce energy cost per-manently. This is the reason why theCDE launched in 2007, the EfficientEnergy Management Programme(EEMP) benefiting ACP enterprises. TheCDE EEMP is an initiative conceived toprovide best-practice tools and advicesto a number or selected SMEs for theimprovement of their energy manage-ment system. The programme is focus-ing on critical and practical aspects ofthe energy management at SMEs: howthey can control the use of energyresources in a systematic and method-ical way to improve the profitability oftheir activities. Among the selectedenterprises, it has shared best prac-tices, actions and principles that cangive concrete results, and some ‘guid-ance’ principles leading to a soundenergy management. It was thus suc-cessful in overcoming the technicalbarrier for a significant number ofSMEs.

More precisely, during EEMPPhase I in SAF region, energy auditshave been performed in 20 enterprisesin four participating countries, namely:Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia andZambia. These ‘walk-through audits’

Efficiency energymanagement for SMEs inSouthern Africa

Energy Management News 3

aimed at identifying sound opportuni-ties of energy savings and raisingawareness of SME managers to (i)explain the scope and usefulness ofenergy consumption diagnosis and (ii)introduce to top management an Ener-gy Saving Action Plan aimed at struc-turally reducing the use (and thus thecost) of energy in their enterprise. Thebeneficiaries were officially invited tothe CDE EEMP Regional Workshop, ahigh-level meeting of enterprises andkey regional stakeholders includingGovernments, donor agencies as wellbanking sector representatives.

During the workshop, the partici-pants noted the importance of keepingthem informed on energy-savingopportunities that this programme cre-ated. Namely, enterprises expressedthe willingness to go forward with ener-gy-saving measures, financial institu-tions manifested their willingness tosupport these efforts through specialcredit lines, governments clearly statedtheir desire to act in synergy with theresults of the programme, and busi-ness association pledged their support-ing to networking efforts aimed at scal-ing-up the results of the programme.

This meeting was also an occasionto solidify the CDE Business Modelwith regards to the efficient manage-ment of energy. The Business Model isrepresented by the figure below.

The second phase of the CDEEEMP will closely follow this businessmodel, both for SMEs which havereceived initial assistance and for newSMEs.

Contact: Mrs. Anouk Verheijen Representative Southern Africa Triodos Facet – member of TriodosGroup 24 Egret Circle, Imhoff’s Gift Cape Town 7975, South Africa Tel: +27 21 783 0314 Cell: +27 71 628 6656E-mail: [email protected]: anoukverheijen

Nuclearprogramme

is a trueopportunityfor South

Africa

The nuclear programme is anopportunity to boost growth attimes of economic downturn,

create hundreds of thousands ofpermanent jobs, develop vibrant,high-tech industries and researchcapacities, improve balance of tradefrom value-added products, andmeet future electricity demand in anenvironmentally friendly, affordableway.

A nuclear programme will obligeus to train not only post-graduatesand engineers but also techni-cians, artisans and workers. Thequality requirements of the nuclearindustry necessitate the highestskills in all competencies, thus cre-ating skilled and well compensatedjobs. Skills developed during thecourse of development of thenuclear programme are portableand will benefit greatly to other tech-nology intensive and specialisedindustries in South Africa. Skillsdevelopment in partnership with uni-versities will also lead to more R&Dcapacity in South Africa.� Contact: Dr. Yves Guenon

Managing Director, Areva SouthAfricaTel: 011 785 5056Fax: 011 884 9557Website: www.areva.com


INTRODUCTIONEstablished in 1986, MLT Drives isa respected and trusted brandthroughout the alternative ener-

gy market. With a cutting edgeresearch lab boasting 10 ElectricalEngineers from world-class universi-ties, MLT Drives continues to be at theforefront of the alternative energyindustry.

MLT Drives wants to be the pre-ferred source for inverter systemsimplemented in alternative energy sys-tems especially in the upcoming Africanmarkets, with a constant dedicationtowards maximizing service levels andproduct upgrades the company housesthe right values to remain a trusted andsuccessful brand within a growingindustry.MOBILE POWER PLANT SYSTEMSIN ELIMThe Nuwejaars Nature Reserve Award-ed MLT Drives a 2 million rand micropower plant project which has recentlybeen completed. The project included 4sites for a micro power plant next to thewineries of 4 of the most respectedwine farms in South Africa. The BlackOyster Catcher, the Strandveld, theBerrio and the Zoetendal can boast thatsolar and wind energy was used to pro-duce their wine.

Each micro power plant consists ofa 20 ft container capable of producing

24 kW of renewable energy. PV ismounted on the container within a dayand works in conjunction with a windturbine within 10 meters of the contain-er. The container serves as an afford-able, secure, robust and mobile equip-ment enclosure.

Each micro power plant supple-ments energy sourced from the grid.

Energy leaves the system via either theUninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)line which provides conditioned backuppower. The UPS line can output 24 kWfrom the source (Eskom) and 24 kWfrom a combination of the solar, windand batteries.

The power star inverter is grid tiedand bi-directional. It can export andimport power seamlessly on the sourceline. The 24 kW inverter houses aninternal 5 kW MPPT solar regulatorwhich can be used in conjunction withexternal MPPT regulators.

The 4 sites are accessible for realtime and historical data acquisition andcontrol. An online billing system isavailable to the managers of the sites.The online system allows for accurateanalysis of over 100 data channels aswell as custom billing information.

MLT Drives projects


GRID TIED INVERTER SYSTEMS ATVILLIERA WINERYVilliera Wines, Stellenbosch, has justbecome the largest solar PV plant witha grid tied inverter (GTI) system inSouthern Africa. The wine farm has 130kW of solar panels feeding twoAfrisun70 GTI inverters made by MLTDrives. Villiera winery was already thewinner of the prestigious ‘OverseasPlan A Award’ award by Marks andSpencer UK for, among other things,their eco-friendly wine production.

Location Western CapeCapacity 130kWpInverter Afrisun70Solar insatallation Energyworx

Energyworx subcontracted MLTDrives to supply the inverters for thisproject – which has show cased theAfriSun70 in the largest solar installa-tion in Southern Africa.

The AfriSun70 converts high volt-age electricity produced by solar PVpanels into high quality AC power andfeeds it into the grid. The AfriSun70 canalso be used in off grid applications.

Graphs of daily, weekly, monthly

and total energy production are storedfor years and can be displayed on theinverter’s touch screen.

This 70KVA grid tied inverter fromMLT Drives is a 3-phase PV inverter forlarge grid tied or off grid PV powerplants. The AfriSun70 is a reliable andaffordable system that can be usedwith polycrystalline and monocrys-talline photovoltaic solar panels. Tomaximize power harvested from the PVarray the inverter has intelligent fea-tures that allow reliable and balancedexport power at all times.

Easy integration is possible throughversatility. Various types of PV configu-rations can be connected as the sys-tem has a wide input voltage operatingrange. A comprehensive monitoringsystem allows account of every wattharvested so that an accurate return oninvestment can be presented. Graphsof daily, weekly, monthly and total ener-gy production are stored for years andcan be displayed on the inverter’stouch screen.

The AfriSun70 boast small mass forthe inverters capacity 310kg / 70 kWmaking the inverter easily wall mount-able for professional looking installa-tions.� Contact: Michel Malengret

Director, MLT DrivesTel: 021 683 3310Fax: 021 674 2823P.O. Box 14446Kenwyn, Cape Town 7790E-mails: [email protected] [email protected]


Energyreturn onenergy

investedIn business we are familiar withthe concept of ‘return on invest-ment’. This is what drives much of

our decision-making. However, anew pressure is emerging that willplay an increasingly important part inour analysis of business opportuni-ties and business performance

Dr Chris Cooper, a Central Ener-gy Fund (CEF) corporate plannerand a SANEA board member did apresentation on Energy Returns onEnergy Investments (EROEI). Somecommentators believe this to havebeen in excess of 100:1 for oil fromthe super giant oilfields, particularlyof the Middle East, while new fieldsare believed to have EROEIs of onlyaround 15:1. We need to considerour ability to maintain and grow ener-gy flows at a time when resourcequantities and qualities are declin-ing.

Stresses are also becoming evi-dent in coal and gas. Most alterna-tive energies have an EROEI ofbelow 10:1. For bioethanol frommaize a ratio of 1.8:1 is consideredexcellent. Some preliminary analy-ses indicate that it will not be possi-ble for us to maintain the currentindustrial society at ratios below alevel of 10:1. If this estimate is cor-rect then serious effort will berequired to understand the implica-tions on society and how we need torestructure economies.� Contact: Dr Chris Cooper

Corporate PlannerCEF (Pty) LtdPO Box 786141Sandton 2146South AfricaTel: +27 (0)10 201 4711Mobile: +27 (0)83 676 5645Fax: +27 (0)10 201 4861E-mail: [email protected]

The Academy of Science of SouthAfrica (ASSAf) hosted the sixthAfrican Science Academy Devel-

opment Initiative (ASADI) conferenceon 9 – 10 November 2010 at the LordCharles Hotel, Somerset West. Thisyear’s theme was ‘Improving EnergyAccess in Sub-Saharan Africa.’ TheASADI VI conference attempted tocover topics as broad as traditional ver-sus more modern forms of energy; whohas access to energy and why; how tobridge the energy access gap betweenrural and urban areas; affordable andsustainable access to energy; and uni-versal energy access as a goal towardssocial and economic development.

The African Science AcademyDevelopment Initiative (ASADI) waslaunched in 2004 by the United StatesNational Academies and is funded bythe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.ASADI is a 10-year effort aimed toimprove the African science academiesto provide independent, evidence-based advice to African governmentpolicy makers and the public especiallyin improving human health. The grantprimarily supports the science acade-mies of Nigeria, Uganda and SouthAfrica. Modest support is provided toCameroon, Ghana, Kenya and Sene-gal as well as regional African Academyof Sciences for strategic planning pur-poses. In addition to capacity buildingat the national levels of the abovecountries, the annual conference isintended to increase cooperationamongst the academies, strengthentheir relationship with policy-makers,and improve the understanding of evi-dence-based policy advice.

The Energy, Poverty and Develop-ment Group (EPD) at the EnergyResearch Centre (ERC), University ofCape Town, were approached to com-pile the ASADI VI publication for policymakers on energy access entitled‘Turning science on: Improving accessto energy in sub-Saharan Africa.’ The

booklet introduces the topic area ofenergy access, outlines energy’s roletowards human and economic develop-ment, links its importance towardsachieving the Millennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs) as well as climatechange objectives, discusses biomass,modern fuels, renewable energy andelectricity, offers examples of energyinterventions in Africa, and concludeshow science academies can assistnational governments to address ener-gy access.

For more information on ASADI andfor a copy of the newly released book-let please go to the ASSAf website:www.assaf.org.za/.� Contact: Dr Gisela Prasad

Energy Poverty & DevelopmentGroupEnergy Research CentreUniversity of Cape TownTel: 021 650 3230E-mail: [email protected]: www.erc.uct.ac.zawww.assaf.org.za/.

Sixth Annual Meeting of theAfrican Science AcademyDevelopment Initiative SOMERSET WEST, SOUTH AFRICA, 9–10 NOVEMBER 2010


INTRODUCTIONProf. Philip Lloyd attended theconference, the second of itskind. The opening function was a

cocktail party in the wonderful Interna-tional Convention Centre, Gaborone.There was an opportunity to chat tomany old friends and make a few newones, while admiring the splendidspaces of the Centre and its gleamingmarble.FIRST SESSIONThe Permanent Secretary of the Min-istry of Minerals, Energy and WaterResources, Mr Gabaake G.Gabaake,opened proceedings. He reflected onprogress made since the 2007 Confer-ence:

At the last conference we were talk-ing about an impending power crisisin Southern Africa, particularly inBotswana. The power crisis hassince become a reality.... In 2007the expansion of the MorupulePower Station was being planned....Today the expansion of theMorupule Power Station to producean additional 600 MW is ongoingwith commissioning scheduled for2012. The project is currently 35%complete. Associated with theexpansion of the power station isthe expansion of the Morupule Col-liery from a capacity of about 1 mil-lion tonnes to about 3 million tonnesper annum. Work on the collieryexpansion has started.Many commented on the directness

of the Botswana approach, in contrastto the continual review of plans thatcharacterises the South Africanapproach to the same problem.

Gabaake also spoke of develop-ments in exploration:

In the exploration scene, as at endof June 2007 there were a total of115 Prospecting Licences grantedfor fossil fuels (coal and coal bedmethane). The number of licenceshas since increased to 259 as atend of June 2010. – - It is, I believe,

a reflection of our effort in promot-ing our mineral resources, our com-petitive mining code and the lever-age offered by conferences such asthe one we are attending.Again, there was favourable com-

ment, contrasting the transparentstance taken by the government ofBotswana with the ever-shiftingstances and occasional extraordinarydecision within the South AfricanDepartment of Mineral Resources.

Lovemore Chilimanzi, of the Bo-tswana Power Corporation, describedthe problems the corporation had facedover the past few years. The systemowned 153 MW of capacity and hadrented 70 MW of diesel generation.

Maximum demand was 553 MW in2009, and had grown at 10% perannum in recent years. 74% of the sup-ply was presently from Eskom, but thiswould reduce to nil by 2013. 90 MWdiesel-fired gas turbines would comeinto operation at Orapa in October2010, and the main power station,Moropule, was being upgraded to 600MW with the first 150 MW unit commis-sioned by October 2012 and the last byJuly 2013. Post 2013 there would needto be more capacity. A second 600 MWat Moropule; 1200 MW at Mmamabula(contingent on some South African off-take); 300 MW at Mookane (IPP); 250MW of open cycle gas turbine fuelledby coal-bed methane (uncertain at thisstage); and 200 MW of concentratedsolar power (bankable feasibility studyin preparation) were all being studied.Extensive modifications to the gridwere necessary to handle this addition-al power. Demand side managementhas already saved 35 MW throughCFL’s, and 8 MW through the timing ofwater pumping; while 30 MW should besaved through load shifting of domesticgeysers (programme beginning short-ly).

Moleke Mohaja of Debswana andEtienne Bredell of Fluor then gave ajoint paper on the Moropule expansion.At present the mine has a nominalcapacity of 1Mt/a. The new power sta-tion will increase demand to 2.8Mt/a.The owners (Debswana) were expand-ing the mine and infrastructure, andFluor as EPCM was doing surfaceworks. Construction had just started,and handover was expected in Novem-ber 2011.

Alan Golding, Analytika Holdings,described developments of many ofBotswana’s coalfields. Dukwe (>200Mt),Sowa (>1200Mt), Lechana/Tshoyapu-la(674Mt), Moropule/Kgaswe (915Mt);Moijabane (>300Mt) and Takotakwane(300Mt) had all been the subject ofextensive drilling over the past fewyears, and the tonnages given are indi-cated reserves; inferred resourcesseem at least 20 times the size. Withother known coalfields taken intoaccount, the total resource approached

BotswanaCoal and EnergyConferenceFossil Fuel Foundation

Gaborone, 13-15September 2010


300bt – which should be seen in thecontext of a global reserve of some850bt.

Philip Lloyd then presented a paperfor Derek Taylor, former Energy Advisorto the EU, on coal, climate change andcarbon capture and storage (CCS). Hestressed how many countries still reliedheavily on coal. Across the EU, 30% ofthe electricity generated was from coalcombustion – although countries likePoland derived up to 90% of the elec-tricity from coal. World coal consump-tion was increasing – and hadincreased 50% over the first decade ofthis century. Globally, coal now enjoyeda larger share of primary energy supplythan ever before. EU production of hardcoal was around 154Mt/a and thereserve to production ratio was about240. Production of lignite was around425Mt/s and the reserve to productionratio about 120. In spite of this, the EUimports about 40% of the coal (hardcoal + lignite) that it burns, primarilyfrom Russia and South Africa. Coal isseen as an affordable source of energy,and provides security as it is a localresource. But over 80% of the EU CO2emissions arise from energy, and thereis now a law calling for 20% reductionby 2020. The emission trading schememay help, but the magnitude of theproblem is such that it seems CCS isinevitable. There are, however, majorhurdles to be crossed before CCSbecomes viable on the necessaryscale.

Nathan Mitche of Tlou Resourcesspoke on coal-bed methane (CBM)exploration in Botswana. His companyspecialised in drilling for CBM and hadmuch success in Australia, India, Chinaand the US. Prospects in Botswanaincluded:• Tasama in the far NE of the country,

bordering on Zimbabwe, 5 holesdrilled, all positive, depths 400 –680 m, coal thickness 60-81m.

• Karoo West, about 50 km north ofGaborone, 2 holes to 700 m, resultsnot yet in.

• Karoo Central, about 100 km northof Gaborone, 5 holes, all positive,depths 480 – 720 m, coal thickness14-28 m.The resource could be 23 tcf, but

will require further investigation toquantify to SAMREC standards.

Rosemary Falcon of Wits, founderof the Fossil Fuel Foundation (FFF),gave her talk on spontaneous combus-tion. All coals were at risk, but not allcoals do. Shipment losses had caused

banks and insurers to take a muchmore stern view of the problem, andhad introduced a code of practice forshipping coal. Spontaneous combus-tion occurred because the heat built upwithin a heap or block of coal. Causesof heating included oxidation and wet-ting (due to the heat of adsorption).Below 40 deg C, there was no heating;between 45 and 50 deg C adsorption ofoxygen commenced; runaway occur-red between 50 and 80 deg C. Therewere qualitative indicators of sponta-neous combustion risk, and she pre-sented a case study where prior riskassessment had been borne out inpractice.

Tebogo Segwabe from the Geologi-cal Survey reviewed the conditionsunder which exploration licences weregranted in Botswana. There were fivemineral categories, namely energy,precious stones, metals, radioactivesubstances and industrial minerals. Ifan application was formulated carefully,then a licence would be granted within60 days. An exploration licence wasvalid for 3 years in the first instance,and could be renewed twice for 2 fur-ther years each time. The licence hold-er was required to submit quarterly andannual reports on progress. Thesereports remained confidential while theexploration licence was current. There-after they formed the database of geo-logical knowledge held by the Depart-ment.

Jonathan Vergeer gave an outlineof the further development of Moropule.The mine had a reserve of 425 Mt(measured, indicated and inferred) anda total resource of some 2.9 billiontons. The mine to support a further 600MW power station (in addition to thatdescribed earlier) and provide for someexport coal would have an output of8.5Mt/a. After washing this would yield5Mt/a of export quality material, which itwas hoped to export via the Trans-Kalahari railway that in turn would feeda new port (two sites had been identi-fied on the Namibian coast). It wouldalso yield the 2Mt/a needed for the newpower station. The mine would proba-bly be an underground mine, but if ade-quate export contracts could beassured, then an opencast mine wouldbe developed, which would make bet-ter overall use of the resource.

Celia Barbosa of Inspectorate M&Lgave an impassioned plea for explo-ration to consult with the analytical lab-oratories before finalising their sam-pling programme. For instance, an

abrasivity test typically required 4kg ofmaterial of +4.75mm size, and fewsampling programmes were designedto yield such a large sample. She gavean example of a typical sample prepa-ration and analytical scheme for coalsamples.

Steve Martin, of Karoo SustainableEnergy, brought the first day to a closewith a review of some alternative ener-gy options. KSE had won a contract toprovide 90 MW of open cycle gas tur-bine power at Orapa. The turbineswere being installed as he spoke. Asecond phase would be 180 MW of gasturbines fuelled by coal-bed methane,which would start in 2012. They owned~6.2tcf of gas, and had pledged 1.5tcfto support the turbine project. That wassufficient gas for approximately 1000MW for 20 years. The company wasalso looking at an Integrated Gasifica-tion Combined Cycle [IGCC] plant forclean combustion of low-grade coal.They proposed to use a circulating flu-idized bed gasifier for this.

On the second day, Mike Nightin-gale (Nightingale Africa Partnership)started the ball rolling with a proposal tomaximise use of Botswana’s energyresources by close integration of coal,coal bed methane and undergroundcoal gasification. It should be possibleto turn Botswana’s resources into anindustry that would make it the energyhub of the sub-continent.

Alan Golding returned with anexcellent paper on the rationale forintroducing underground coal gasifica-tion into Botswana. There were exten-sive coal resources which were proba-bly too deep to permit ready ex-ploitation by conventional mining. Gasi-fication technology had improvedmarkedly in recent years, and openedup the possibility of relatively cleanpower generation. Moreover, the uti-lization of the resource was significant-ly higher than extraction of the coal bedmethane.

Clyde Foster of Megachem spokeon coal-to-liquid processes. Pyrolysisat low temperature yielded reasonableliquids at minimal cost; increasing thetemperature reduced the liquid flow sig-nificantly, but yielded coke from cokingcoals. There were a number of directliquefaction processes, all of whichinvolved adding hydrogen to coal. Thefirst commercial plant was about to becommissioned in China. It was alsopossible to co-process coal and heavyoils with hydrogen under similar condi-tions. Finally, there was indirect lique-


faction such as Sasol’s Fischer-Trop-sch or the Mobil methanol-to-gasolineproject. However, it had to be notedthat the emissions from the indirectroutes were high.

Robert Godbolt, of Scientific Dril-ling, gave a fascinating exposition ofmodern directional drilling technology.Various down-the-hole tools were avail-able to coax the drill from the verticaland to follow coal seams through faultsand dips. He gave examples of wheredrill holes had intersected in a perfectlycontrolled way. Drill motors that werean integral part of the drill string weredriven by the drilling mud used as ahydraulic fluid.

Julian Scales, from Kalahari Ener-gy, described the exploration for coalbed methane. There was an estimated280tcf in place, of which 40 to 60 tcfwas recoverable. In comparison withother CBM provinces, Botswana wascharacterised by relatively low gas con-tents (<100 cu ft/t), low permeability (1-10mD), but good total yield per well (1-2 Bscf/well). There had been muchhurried exploration initially; now prog-ress was more focussed, aimed atimproving the estimates of the resourceand the rate at which it could betapped.

David Farr, of Exploration Geophy-sics, read an excellent paper on theuse of explosive penetration of wellcasings to gain access to the methane-bearing strata in CBM production.There were several ways in which thiscould be done, by physical drilling; bywater-jet erosion or by shaped-chargeexplosives. The explosive method hada number of advantages – it was veryrapid, very precise, and could create aclean hole as much as 1.5m deep intothe rock. This facilitated the introduc-tion of proppants and ensured goodflow conditions from the productionhorizon.

Finally, Philip Lloyd spoke on theopportunities for natural gas in South-ern Africa. The finding of large quanti-ties of CBM made it necessary to startlooking at optimal ways of turning theresource into good account. A widerange of potential uses was explored.There was comparatively little thatcould be done with it in Botswana at itspresent state of development, whichsuggested that opportunities should besought outside its borders. Details ofthe Temane-Secunda pipeline weregiven. It was 845 km long, 25 cm indiameter, and yielded 1.5EJ/a. Such apipeline from the Botswana gas fields

would reach almost to Durban. Themost profitable prospect appeared tobe the use of the gas to prereduce ironoxide near the iron ore mines of theNorthern Cape. This would increasethe value that could be shipped downthe Sishen-Saldanha rail and from theSaldanha port.

This was a very successful confer-ence, with lots of opportunities to inter-act with the delegates. There was high-level representation by the Botswanagovernment. The developments inBotswana are making it apparent thatthis could become the source of energyfor much of the subcontinent in thenear future. The proceedings are avail-able on CD from the Foundation.� Contact: Prof. Philip Lloyd

Energy Institute Cape Peninsula University of Tech-nologyE-mail: [email protected]


Cabinet held its ordinary meetingin Cape Town on 10 November2010.

Cabinet noted and supported ahybrid funding solution to enableEskom to continue with its Build pro-gramme to ensure the security of sup-ply of energy. The hybrid solution con-sists of increasing the guaranteeframework from R176 billion to R350billion to enable the utility to continuewith its committed Build Programme upto Kusile Power Station and an equityinjection of R20 billion over three yearsstarting in the 2011/12 financial year.The equity injection of R20 billion willbe funded through the Minister’s Com-mittee on the Budget as part of thebudgeting process.

Cabinet approved the fourth editionof the Development Indicators (2010)report. The report shows two majortrends i.e. the negative impact of theglobal recession on employment,poverty and equality and illustrate thatthere are areas where state perform-ance still requires improvement. Thedevelopment indicators will sharpenthe country’s ability to assess theimpact of government policies andimprove planning. The report, whichwill be published shortly, is expected togenerate debate on the milestonesachieved thus far and the challengesstill facing the nation. Minister TrevorManuel will release the report shortlyand lead the public discourse on themeasures that need to be taken toaddress the challenges it raises.

Cabinet approved the publication ofthe draft National Climate ChangeResponse Green Paper and the Sec-ond National Communication for publiccomment. Following public comments,a white paper will be compiled at thebeginning of the year for further com-ments and Cabinet is expected tofinalise the policy by the end of the first

quarter of 2011.Cabinet approved the publication of

the Integrated Strategy for the Promo-tion and Development of Co-operatives2010 – 2020 for public comment. Thestrategy identifies coops as one of thecritical and viable means of alleviatingpoverty, under-development and unem-ployment. The strategy identifies thefollowing four pillars as enablers for thesuccess of coops i.e. increasing nonfinancial support services to co-opera-tives; creating demand for co-opera-tives products and services; improvingthe sustainability of co-operatives andto increasing financial support services.The strategy will be implemented bythe Department of Trade and Industry.

The meeting noted and agreed thatSouth Africa hosts the 17th Session ofthe Conference of Parties (COP 17)which will also serve as the Meeting ofParties at the beginning of December2011 in the KwaZulu-Natal province.

Cabinet noted the report on the out-comes of the Eighteenth Session of theUnited Nations Commission on Sus-tainable Development (CSD 18) thattook place from 3 to 14 May 2010 inNew York that focused on mining;transport, chemicals, waste and sus-tainable consumption and production. � Contact: Themba Maseko

Government Communications (GCIS)Cell: 083 645 0810

Statement on theCabinet meeting 10 NOVEMBER 2010, CAPE TOWN

Green CampusInitiativelaunchesRidelink

The Green Campus Initiative(GCI) launched the newRidelink carpooling scheme for

the University of Cape Town (UCT) inSeptember. This student-led initiativewas set up for several reasons.

First, this free carpooling servicewill make it easy for students andstaff to share lifts. The system match-es up users based on their travelschedules and routes. Hosted onVula, Ridelink can be accessed byanyone with a UCT student or staffnumber. It is set up to allow partici-pants to organise carpools withoutcompromising their privacy

Second, Ridelink can help solveUCT’s parking congestion, especiallyat Upper Campus. Members of theGCI took an informal survey of 200cars entering the Sports Centre park-ing area one morning last term, andfound that almost 90% of these vehi-cles had only one occupant. Theycalculated that if half of these driversbegan sharing lifts to campus, theywould help free up 90 more parkingspaces.

Third, Ridelink can save moneyand help reduce carbon emissions.You can split the cost of petrol withyour carpool. At the same time, you’llcut your carbon footprint in half (ormore, depending on how many are inyour carpool) and contribute to acleaner environment. Ridelink is aviable, practical alternative for stu-dents and staff members who liveoutside the area served by the Jam-mie Shuttle.

Fourth, UCT car-poolers will haveaccess to special parking on campus,which will be reserved for multiple-passenger vehicles only. Access willbe controlled by a boom gate operat-ed by a UCT traffic official.

Ridelink is supported by the UCTProperties and Services Department. � Contact: Pat Lucas

Media Liaison OfficerUniversity of Cape TownTel: 021 650 5428E-mail: [email protected]


This conference was held in CapeTown in September and thetheme was: Sustainable energy

solutions for South Africa: How can weensure public participation and im-proved accountability in policy process-es?

A feverish pace of energy-relatedpolicy processes has been set inmotion this year. The South Africangovernment announ-ced almost in onebreath that they were to finalise thesecond Integrated Resource Plan, theIntegrated Energy Plan and the ClimateChange Response Policy, amongstothers. What’s more is that these poli-cies hold dramatic implications for thecountry’s energy future. For instance,the IRP2 will make key decisions forelectricity planning for the next 20years which locks us into particulartechnology-favoured choices.

In this context, the dominant devel-opment ideas, interrelated institutions,incentives and interest groups play animportant role in the process to draftand shape the new policies and sup-port their implementation. South Africais still trying to deal with a recent pastwhere energy policy was considered ascaptured by narrow interests. This gaverise to what was widely known as theminerals-energy complex, the effects ofwhich we are still experiencing today.

As government proceeds with itsnew Capital Expansion Programme –developed as a response to the elec-tricity crisis of 2008 – the building morecoal and nuclear power stations, whichit is largely based on, makes us ques-tion again in whose interest decisionsare being taken. Furthermore, we needto understand how to foster accounta-bility and broad based participationthrough policy and policy processes sothat corruption is reduced and moresustainable energy solutions arefavoured. Adequately tackling thecrises of energy poverty, and climatechange are dependent on it.

This two-day meeting of the energycaucus was designed to focus on theissues that have been thrown up bycivil society engagements in the vari-ous policy processes, given the above

issues. In particular, questions wereposed on the following:• How do dominant development

ideas shape energy policies?• What has the path of government

policy on energy been thus far andwhere has it gone wrong?

• What are the parameters withinwhich policy processes operate?How do we consider the followingfor instance: legal rights includingaccess to information & the impactof the new proposed ‘secrecy’ legis-lation, public hearings, consulta-tions, multi stakeholder task teamsand recourse?

• What is the nature, value and influ-ence of various interests groups onenergy policy?

• What are some of the key lessonswe have learnt from engaging inpolicy processes this year?

• How well developed are mecha-

nisms of policy oversight?• Parliamentary oversight?• Regulatory oversight?• How do we ensure an independ-ent and well functioning Inde-pendent Systems Market Opera-tor?

• What is our strategy for a way for-ward as civil society in dealing withpolicy processes that are ongoingand still to come?

� Contact: Natasha Emmett or TrushaReddyInstitute for Security StudiesCorruption and Governance Pro-grammeCape Town OfficeE-mails: [email protected] [email protected]

National Civil Society Energy Caucus Conference

New Oxfam briefing on climatefinanceOxfam launched a new report in October on climate finance governance

titled: ‘Righting two wrongs: making a new Global Climate Fund work forpoor People.’

Climate change is already negatively affecting the lives and livelihoods of poormen and women. Yet it is estimated that less than a tenth of climate funds to datehave been spent on helping people in vulnerable countries adapt to the impactsof climate change. The poor are losing out twice: they are hardest hit by climatechange they didn’t cause, and they are being neglected by funds that should behelping them. Climate finance can and must be made to work from the bottom up,particularly for women smallholder farmers.

Starting with the formal establishment of a new Global Climate Fund, decisionson climate finance governance need to set a new direction for a post-2012 era.This paper presents a vision for a new Fund and broader finance system that iseffective in meeting the scale of developing country financing needs, and is wide-ly considered – by governments and civil societies – to be legitimate in its deci-sion-making.� Contact: Tracy Carty

Policy Advisor – Climate ChangeOxfam GBOxfam House, John Smith DriveOxford OX4 2JYTel: +44(0)1865 472163Mobile: +44 (0)7785 366654


Four factors keyto thedevelopment ofthe carbonmarkets in AfricaGreen Power Conferences re-

cently carried out a survey toestablish the factors which

will have the greatest positive impacton the growth of the carbon marketin Africa. They received an over-whelming response, with the mostimportant factor identified as devel-opment of institutional capacity andskills. This is unlikely to come as asurprise as it has always been a sig-nificant obstacle to the developmentof the African carbon market.THE RESULTS

Improvement and development ofinstitutional capacity and skills –44.8% Government-led regulatory reform andincentivisation schemes – 20.9% Simplifying the CDM registrationprocess – 19.4%Identifying and leveraging a source ofcore finance for African projects –14.9%

In an attempt to overcome thisproblem, the Carbon Markets & Cli-mate Finance Africa Conference andExhibition will feature two pre-con-ference workshops on the means ofbuilding capacity and a keynoteaddress from Dr. John Kilani, Direc-tor of Sustainable DevelopmentMechanisms at the UNFCCC on therole of the carbon market in thedevelopment of African economies.

The Carbon Markets & ClimateFinance Africa Conference and Exhi-bition will be held in Johannesburgon 25 and 26 January 2011.� Contact: James Taylor

Carbon Markets SpecialistGreen Power ConferencesE-mail: [email protected]: www.greenpowerconfer-ences.com/carbonafrica

World Bank funding for coalpower stations has soared 40-fold over the last five years to

hit a record high of $4.4 billion in 2010,new figures reveal.

Bank lending to coal-fuelled powerprojects significantly exceeds its financ-ing of new renewable energy and ener-gy efficiency projects, which stood at$3,128 billion in 2009 (the latest figureavailable).

‘This new analysis reveals incoher-ence at the heart of the World Bank’sthinking about energy,’ said Dr AlisonDoig, Christian Aid’s Senior Adviser onClimate Change. ‘At the same time asit is seeking to gain control of the bil-lions which will be channelled to devel-oping countries to help them cope withglobal warming, the Bank is still lendingstaggeringly large and growing sums tofinance coal-fired power.

‘Yet we know that coal is the dirtiestof all the fossil fuels – the one whichmost exacerbates the climate crisiswhich is having devastating effects onthe lives of people living in poverty. Wealso know that by financing the buildingof coal power stations, the Bank is lock-ing countries in to coal use for the next40 to 50 years.’

The new figures were produced bythe Washington-based Bank Informa-tion Centre (BIC) – an independent,non-profit making organisation whichseeks to improve the transparency andaccountability of the World Bank.

The BIC analysis also reveals thatduring the current financial year, theWorld Bank Group provided more than£1 billion for oil and gas explorationand production, including two offshoreoil drilling operations which received atotal of $729 million.

Dr Doig continued: ‘If the WorldBank is going to use its considerableresources to invest in energy, then itmust prioritise energy access for poorpeople, as well as low-carbon develop-ment. Its record of funding vast, dirtycoal projects such as the Eskom power

station in South Africa suggests that itignores these criteria.

‘Given its lending record, it wouldbe deeply worrying for the Bank to beput in charge of the billions that richcountries have promised to help devel-oping countries adapt to climate changeand to grow in ways which do not great-ly exacerbate the problem.

‘Christian Aid hopes that the Bank’snew energy strategy, which it is cur-rently preparing and which will guide itslending for the next decade, will funda-mentally change its approach.’

The new figures from the BankInformation Centre are based on ananalysis of records published by theWorld Bank and International FinanceCorporation.

� Contact: Rachel Baird Christian Aid Tel: 0044 (0)207 523 2446 Mobile: 0044 07545 501 749 E-mail: [email protected] Websites:www.christianaid.org.uk/Images/poverty-over-report.pdf www.actal-liance.orgRebecca Harris Bank Information Centre Tel: 001 202 624 0632 E-mail: [email protected]

World Bank coal funding hitsrecord high as it seeksclimate finance control


Climate-vulnerable developingnations could use internationallaw to break the current dead-

lock in the intergovernmental negotia-tions on climate change by takingindustrialised nations to court, says apaper published in October by theFoundation for International Environ-mental Law and Development (FIELD).

The publication comes as govern-ment officials from around the worldgathered in Tianjin, China for threedays of negotiations under the UnitedNations Framework Convention on Cli-mate Change (UNFCCC). The climatechange meeting from 4 to 9 October2010 comprised the 12th session of theAd hoc Working Group on Long termCooperative Action (AWG-LCA) andthe 14th session of the Ad hoc WorkingGroup on Further Commitments forAnnex I Parties under the Kyoto Proto-col (AWG-KP). Their main purpose is toprepare the 16th Meeting of the Con-ference of the Parties to the UnitedNations Framework Convention on Cli-mate Change (UNFCCC) in Cancun(Mexico) in December 2010.

‘A large part of the relevant legal lit-erature suggests that the main pollutingnations can be held responsible underinternational law for the harmful effectsof their greenhouse-gas emissions,’says the paper’s author, lawyerChristoph Schwarte.

‘As a result affected countries mayhave a substantive right to demand thecessation of a certain amount of emis-sions. In selected cases they also havethe procedural means to pursue aninter-state litigation in an internationaljudicial forum such as the InternationalCourt of Justice in The Hague.’

Schwarte’s paper outlines a possi-ble legal argument for such a lawsuitand offers some observations on thepotential impacts of bringing a casebefore an international court or tribunal.

While there are various substantiveand procedural legal hurdles, undercertain circumstances litigation underpublic international law would be possi-ble and could become a bargainingchip in the negotiations.

‘Today, a credible case for inter-state litigation on climate change can

be made,’ says Schwarte. ‘Developingcountry governments are understand-ably reluctant to challenge any of thebig donor nations in an internationalcourt or tribunal. But this may changeonce the impacts of climate changebecome even more visible and an ade-quate agreement remains wanting.’

FIELD analyzed the current legaldiscourse and has summarized its find-ings in a longer working paper, which ithas made available online as an openwiki document to allow legal academicsand practitioners to comment on, criti-cise or strengthen the arguments.

‘While international judicial organsare unlikely to issue hard hitting judg-ments, climate change litigation mayhelp to create the political pressure andthird-party guidance required to re-invigorate the international negotia-tions, within or outside the UNFCCC,’says Schwarte.

Since the failed Copenhagen sum-mit in 2009, there has been limitedprogress in the UNFCCC climate nego-tiations. At the current rate of progress,a new legal framework and ambitiousemission reductions look unlikely in thenear-term.

As a result billions of extra tons ofcarbon dioxide and other greenhouse

gases will be released into the atmos-phere, and many scientists warn thatthis means global temperatures couldrise by 4 degrees Celsius by the end ofthe century.

Joy Hyvarinen, Director of FIELDsays ‘Progress in the international cli-mate change negotiations is nowherenear enough to reduce greenhouse gasemissions to a safe level. Somethingnew is needed to push the negotiationsforward. Perhaps an international courtcase could help bring new momentumto the negotiations.’

The Foundation for InternationalEnvironmental Law and Development(FIELD) is a group of public internation-al lawyers based in London workingtowards a fair, effective and accessiblesystem of international law that pro-tects the global environment and pro-motes sustainable development. Inconnection with the UNFCCC negotia-tions, FIELD lawyers provide supportand assistance to negotiators fromdeveloping countries.

FIELD is a subsidiary of the Inter-national Institute for Environment andDevelopment (IIED).� Contact: Christoph Schwarte

Tel: +44 (0)20 7872 7200Mobile: +44 (0)790 3701287E-mail:[email protected] ShanahanPress OfficerInternational Institute for Environmentand Development3 Endsleigh StreetLondon WC1H 0DDTel: 44 (0) 207 388 2117Fax: 44 (0) 207 388 2826Email: [email protected]: www.iied.org

Vulnerablenations couldhasteninternationalaction onclimate changeby takingindustrialisedcountries tocourt, saylawyers


Gender andEnergy

Network ofSouth AfricaAn informal meeting was organ-

ised in September by the Gen-der and Energy Network of

South Africa (GENSA) and hosted inthe Energy Research Centre, UCT.

This gathering was aimed atwomen in the energy sector to cometogether informally and share theirexperiences as practitioners in this sec-tor. See this as a start of a ‘sisterly sup-port’ circle.

As we all know, the energy sector ispredominantly led and operated bymales. Female professionals often feelleft out and have no one to share theirwork related challenges with, in the fearof appearing weak in this male-domi-nated sector. The meeting was to learnfrom each other, through stories andideas, and create a warm supportstructure. � Contact: Holle Wlokas

Energy Research CentreUniversity of Cape TownTel: 021 650 2829 E-mail: [email protected]

LPGas – exceptionalenergy

Peak demand times can be seen to be when the majority of South Africansare preparing morning and evening meals and this is further exacerbatedduring the winter months when the need for warmth becomes paramount.

Currently, outside of electricity, much focus is being placed on Wind and Solaras alternative energy sources. However, LPGas is a ‘here and now’ energy whichdoes not require research and/or development. It is available and has provenitself, internationally, for many years. In fact, it’s often the fuel of choice for cook-ing, water and space heating.

So, what is preventing it from offering the same safe, efficient and affordablesolution to South Africa’s energy woes?

During the past eighteen months, there have been some significant changestaking place, not least of which has been a significant increase in demand for theproduct and the Department of Energy’s decision to cap the retail price of LPGasfor domestic consumption.

The LPGas Safety Association, through its Chief Executive Officer, DennisHerold, has focussed on encouraging ‘Best Business Practices’ throughout theindustry and is focussed on promoting the safe use of LPGas as an ideal alter-native energy carrier. Often viewed as the best kept secret, LPGas has a signif-icant role to play in the energy efficiency mix. � Contact: Dennis Herold

Chief Executive OfficerLPGas Safety AssociationTel: 011 886 9702Fax: 011 886 9770Website: www.lpgas.co.za

Biomass Fuels HoldingGroup

The Biomass Fuels Holdings Group operates from Southern Technical Serv-ices offices in Harare, Zimbabwe. Southern Technical Services are con-sultants & project managers, promoting various large projects within the

region north of the Limpopo River. They are the lead promoter of biomass wastepower.

Among projects they are currently involved in is the promotion of the genera-tion of power using Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as raw material and the pro-duction of Bio-diesel from Bamboo Biomass, 74 000 litres per hectare of Bambooafter reaching maturity at 4 years from planting and sustainable for up to 100years.� Contact: Dick Groves

Biomass Fuels Holdings GroupNo. 17B Carrick Creagh RoadHelensvaleBorrowdaleHarare, ZimbabweTel: 263 740 025Fax: 263 862 299Mobile: 263 912 377 662E-mail: [email protected]


The City of Cape Town has pro-duced a Smart Events Handbookto guide event organisers, venue

staff and suppliers in planning andimplementing events in a sustainableand responsible manner.

Says Alderman Marian Nieuwoudt,the City’s Mayoral Committee Memberfor Planning and Environment: ‘Thisuser-friendly handbook aims to pro-mote resource efficiency and sustain-ability in every organised event in CapeTown’.

The handbook has been developedin consultation with partners and keyrole-players in the events industry andhas been endorsed by the CertifiedMeeting Professional (CMP) NetworkSA, the Event Greening Forum forSouth Africa, the Exhibition and EventAssociation of South Africa (EXSA), theFederated Hospitality Association ofSouth Africa (FEDHASA), the Interna-tional Festivals & Events Association(IFEA), the Services SETA, the South-ern African Association for the Confer-ence Industry (SAACI) and the Techni-cal Production Services Association(TPSA).

Events draw people, who needtransport and accommodation, and thisleads to economic growth. Events do,however, also require resources suchas energy and water, while creatingwaste and pollution.

‘As much as we wish to promoteevents in Cape Town, we would likethese events to be hosted in a smartand responsible way,’ says AldermanFelicity Purchase, Mayoral CommitteeMember for Economic Developmentand Tourism.

Event greening is the process ofincorporating socially and environmen-tally responsible decision making intothe organisation, implementation andparticipation of an event. Regardless ofthe size or type of event, it can beorganised in a responsible manner.

The handbook is aimed at the fol-lowing main groups:

• Event organisers – conferences,meetings, seminars, workshops,festivals, exhibitions

• Venues – hotels, convention cen-tres, and other venues whereevents are held

• Suppliers and subcontractors –infrastructure, audiovisual equip-ment, transport, products.This handbook is not intended for

professional event organisers only, butalso for people arranging small informalevents at schools or in their local com-munity. It provides an overview of themain aspects that need to be consid-ered in organising an event.

The book is divided into four sec-tions with practical tips for implementa-tion:• WHAT? Basic information about

event-greening principles and prac-tices

• WHY? Benefits of event greening,and the environmental impact ofevents

• HOW? Practical information on howto get started, and what you need toconsider

• RESOURCES: Additional informa-tion, with a glossary and websites.Events can have a large environ-

mental footprint, and therefore it isimportant to understand the basic prin-ciples and reasons why we need tochange our actions. This needs tobecome an integral part of planningand implementation at a micro level,but it is also important to understandthe bigger picture and an event’s rela-tion to global warming.

The production of the Smart EventsHandbook is one of the FIFA WorldCup™ Green Goal 2010 legacy proj-ects. Green Goal 2010, with its 42 proj-ects under nine themes, contributed toraising awareness, minimising waste,diversifying and using energy efficient-ly, consuming water sparingly, compen-sating for the event’s carbon footprint,practicing responsible tourism, andconstructing infrastructure with future

generations in mind. These greeninginitiatives looked beyond the actualtime frame of the 2010 FIFA WorldCup™, and included concerns for post-event environmental, social and eco-nomic impacts on the immediate andextended environment.

The Smart Events Handbook alsoforms part of the Smart Living Series.The Smart Living Handbook, whichwas developed in 2007 and is currentlybeing updated, was developed forCape Town households, with a focuson the efficient use of natural resourcessuch as water and energy, the reduc-tion of waste and the protection of ournatural biodiversity. It has been suc-cessfully used to train and raise aware-ness among City staff, in schools, com-munities and the corporate sector inCape Town. A Smart Office Handbookis also currently being developed. � Contact: Glen Takeloo

Smart Events HandbookCity of Cape TownTel: 021 487 2829Website:www.capetown.gov.za/smartliving-handbookLorraine Gerrans Green Goal 2010City of Cape Town Manager: GreenGoal 2010, FIFA World Cup™ Tel: 021 401 4011 Cell: 082 301 5002Grace Stead Smart Events Handbook and EventGreeningSteadfast Greening Cell: 076 780 7010 Michelle Preen Smart Living campaignEnvironmental Communications andAdvocacy, Environmental ResourceManagement Department, City ofCape Town Tel: 021 487 2134Cell: 084 924 6269

City of Cape Town launches SmartEvents Handbook


The International Climate Protec-tion Fellowships enable prospec-tive leaders to conduct a

research-related project of their ownchoice during a one-year stay in Ger-many. Submit an application if you area prospective leader from a non-Euro-pean threshold or developing country,working in the field of climate protectionand resource conservation in acade-mia, business or administration in yourcountry.

Applicants must provide clearly vis-ible leadership potential either by expe-rience in a first leadership position orbe able to provide appropriate refer-ences. They must also have completedtheir first university degree (Bachelor’sor equivalent academic degree) lessthan 12 years prior to the start of thefellowship (1 September 2011) withoutstanding results. They must alsohold a further academic or professionalqualification (Master’s, PhD, LL.M.,MBA etc.) or have extensive profes-sional experience in a leadership role(at least 48 months at the time of appli-cation). Furthermore, they are expect-ed to have gained initial practical expe-rience through involvement in projectsrelated to climate protection andresource conservation. The fellowshipwill enable the recipients to conduct aresearch-related project of their ownchoice with hosts in Germany whomthey are free to choose themselves.

The programme, which is beingfunded under the International ClimateProtection Initiative by the Federal Min-istry for the Environment, Nature Con-servation and Nuclear Safety, includesa preparatory intensive languagecourse in Germany, a several-weekintroductory seminar, a two-week train-ing course and a final meeting in Berlin.These activities will enable you to gainadditional insights into academic,social, cultural, economic and politicallife in Germany.

In addition to applicants who havebeen trained in the natural and engi-neering sciences, candidates who have

been engaged in legal, economic andsocietal issues relating to climatechange are encouraged to apply forthis programme. Every year, theAlexander von Humboldt Foundationgrants up to 20 International ClimateProtection Fellowships to prospectiveleaders from the countries named. Theprogramme is currently scheduled torun until 2012.

Completed applications must reachthe address below by 15 December2010.� Contact: Alexander von Humboldt-

Stiftung Selection DepartmentJean-Paul Str. 12, 53173 BonnGermanyE-mail: [email protected]:www.mladiinfo.com/2010/08/10/cli-mate-protection-fellowships-germany/

Sustainable energy stories

Munyaradzi Makoni is a freelance science journalist based in Cape Town,regularly writing for SciDev.Net and University World News.

He is doing stories for an Action Aid pamphlet that illustrate good or bad prac-tice of delivering energy in the country and the impact on communities in West-ern Cape.

He would like people or organizations to contact him that have projects thatare running in communities where renewable sources of energy are currently inimplementation, either solar, wind or any other. He wants to do people’s stories,but emanating from the benefits of research of sustainable energy.� Contact: Munyaradzi Makoni

Cell: 078 174 0663E-mail: [email protected]

Climate ProtectionFellowships, Germany

Energy Management News 17Africa Gas Summit 20114 – 6 APRIL 2011, ROYAL GARDEN HOTEL, LONDON, UK

OPPORTUNITY AND STRATEGY FOR IOCS, NOCS, JUNIORS AND THEIR PARTNERS

Africa Gas Summit is an oil and gas conference to discuss opportunity andstrategy to maximize the oil and gas possibilities in Africa.

The Africa Gas Summit will bring together Government, NOCs, IOCs, Inde-pendents and their partners to discuss and build business relations that willadvance the monetisation of this great energy frontier.What can you expect?• To gain a greater understanding of the major developments in African gas• Dedicated case studies from the major IOCs and NOCs who are working in

partnership to achieve the monetization of Africa’s huge natural gas reserves• Extensive networking sessions, including speed networking, guaranteeing

the opportunity for you to spend time with the key decision makers in theAfrican energy industry

• Learn how to invest in Africa, what countries offer the best opportunities tosee a long term return on investment for European and international investors

• Benefit from a focused workshop looking at LNG and Floating LNG.2011 key speakers

The speakers include:• Dr Osten Oluronsolu, Regional Vice President Gas, Sub-Saharan Africa,

Shell• Salah Wabhi, CEO, Sudapet• Chima Ibeneche, Managing Director, Nigeria LNG• Boris Ivanov, Director-General, Gazprom International• Paul Arinze, General Manager Policy & Corporate Affairs, BG Nigeria• Stephen Ratcliffe, SVP E&P, Eni SpA• Charles Hendry MP, Minister of State, Department of Energy and Climate

Change• Honourable Dr P.H.K. Kedikilwe, Minister of Minerals, Energy and Water

Resources, Republic of Botswana• Stefan Liebing, Director International Gas Business, EnBW• Marco Arcelli, Executive Vice President New Ventures Upstream, Enel SpA• Dr Raphael S. Awoseyin, Chief Engineering and Technology Officer, Oando

plc• Dr Mike Fischer, Chief Operating Officer, Ophir Energy� Contact: Taylor Jenkinson

Marketing Executive, Terrapin LtdTel: +44 (0)207 092 1246Fax: +44 (0)207 242 1508E-mail: [email protected]: www.terrapinn.com/africagas and www.terrapinn.com/2011/africa-gas-summit/


South Africa’s IntegratedResource Plan – How do we

make it work together?23 & 24 FEBRUARY 2011

GALLAGHER CONVENTION CENTRE

Creating a low-carbon future is a global goal to which all international organi-zations and almost all countries in the world are committed. South Africa isno exception. In fact, our target for reducing carbon emissions is very high

by international standards.Against this background, the Government’s announcement and release on 8

October of its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) is of profound importance. The IRP isthe foundation for a new energy capacity plan which will significantly influence everyaspect of our society.

How it is to be implemented and the coordinated strategies which need to be fol-lowed is what this conference is about.

It involves not just policy-makers at national and local level but all forms of ener-gy generation – both now and in the future.

The Low Carbon Future Conference will bring together decision makers and par-ticipants from government, power generators, utilities, municipalities, large energyusers, investors and developers.Attend Low Carbon Future and benefit from:

Presentations by expert speakers on• The global carbon situation and the international response to climate change• The IRP and its purpose, including the recommended expansion plan• Implications and challenges of the IRP• Achieving a dynamic energy mix• Reviewing industry progress and changing market trendsPLUSNetworking amongst senior level energy sector experts and decision-makers plan-ning and developing South Africa’s energy future.About the organiserOmega Investment Research is an African / UK consultancy with partner represen-tatives in most major international financial centres including Dubai, Hong Kong,Shanghai, Singapore, Munich, and Zurich.

For over 20 years, the company has assisted decision-makers across the globewith political risk analysis, business intelligence, business development and strate-gic financial consulting.� Contact: Marlize Strydom

Omega Investment ResearchTel: +27 (0) 21 689 7881E-mail: [email protected]: www.omegainvest.co.za


JANUARY 201117WIND TECHNOLOGY & MARKETBRIEFINGBucharest, RomaniaWebsite: www.greenpowerconfer-ences.com24SOLAR TECHNOLOGY BRIEFINGLas Vegas, USAWebsite: www.greenpowerconfer-ences.com27SOLAR POWER ECOMONICSLas Vegas, USAWebsite: www.greenpowerconfer-ences.com27 – 29COMMUNITIES, COMMODITIES ANDCARBON: INNOVATIONS INTROPICAL FOREST MANAGEMENTYale University, USAWebsite: www.eastchance.com/news.asp?q=1733,us,sch&issue=20101017&utm_source=eastchanceMailing&utm_medium=email&utm_cam-paign=20101017 31OFFSHORE WIND 101Boston, USAWebsite: www.greenpowerconfer-ences.comFEBRUARY 201123GEOTHERMAL POWERECONOMICS 101San Francisco, USAWebsite: www.greenpowerconfer-ences.comMARCH 20117 – 95TH AFRICA ECONOMIC FORUM2011BMW Pavilion, Cape Town, SouthAfricaE-mail: [email protected]:www.petro21.com/events/?id=578

APRIL 20115 – 6CARBON MARKETS & CLIMATEFINANCE AMERICASSao Paulo, BrazilWebsite: www.greenpowerconfer-ences.com18 – 21POSTGRADUATE SUPERVISIONCONFERENCECentre for Higher and Adult Education, University of Stellen-bosch, Spier Estate, Stellenbosch,South AfricaContact: Nelda Rouseau, Postgradu-ate Supervision Conference 2009,Unistel Consultus, PO Box 19063,Tygerberg 7505Tel: 021 938 9651Fax: 021 933-2649Email: [email protected] 201127 – 29RENEWABLE ENERGY AFRICACONFERENCE & EXPOSandton Convention Centre,Johannesburg, South AfricaE-mail: [email protected]: www.reafrica.comVisit www.erc.uct.ac.za for furtherevents and details

Energy events 2011

Visit www.erc.uct.ac.za forfurther events and details

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Documents

VOLUME 16 NUMBER 4 … · An introduction to BIOSSAM . . . 1 ... social and environmental accept- ... subsequent management ofproposed bioenergy systems; before they can