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Voltage Regulators
Voltage Voltage RegulRegulaatorstors
Io
UoUi Voltage Regulator
DCRegulatedRo
LoadDC Unregulated
Voltage Regulator ApplicationsVoltage Regulator ApplicationsVoltage Regulator Applications
Ui
t
Uo
t
Voltage Regulator ApplicationsVoltage Regulator ApplicationsVoltage Regulator Applications
Output
Current Limit
Current Limit
Compensation
DC Voltage RegulatorsDC DC Voltage Voltage RegulatorsRegulators
Voltage Regulators
Pulse Regulators Continuous Regulators
Parametric Regulators Compensatory Regulators
VoltageVoltage RegulatorsRegulatorsCClassificationlassification
ApplicationApplication Basic Basic ParametersParameters::
-Output Voltage-Vout
-Input Voltage Range-Vin
-Stabilization Ratio-IR
-Max. Output Current-Iout max
-Short-Circuit Output Current-Isc
-Efficiency,
-Temperature Range.
DC Voltage RegulatorsDCDC Voltage Voltage RegulatorsRegulators
%100
UweUwe
UwyUwy
IR •∆
∆
=
OOutput utput CCharacteristicharacteristic
DC Voltage RegulatorsDCDC Voltage Voltage RegulatorRegulatorss
Uo
IoIomin Iomax
UoWorking Area
DC Voltage RegulatorsDCDC Voltage Voltage RegulatorsRegulators
Uo
Uo
Ui
UimaxU imin
Working Area
Transfer CTransfer Characteristicharacteristic
Io
UoUi Ro
LoadDC Unregulated
UzDz
Iz
Rs
Zener Diode- Parametric RegulatorZener DiodeZener Diode-- Parametric RegulatorParametric Regulator
The parametricThe parametricregulatorregulatorusesusesasasoperating principleoperating principlethe nonlinear currentthe nonlinear current--voltage characteristic of thevoltage characteristic of theZZenerenerdiodediode..
IominIzmax
VzVimaxRsmin
+−=
IomaxIzmin
VzViminRsmax
+−=
↓↓↓↑↑ Uo,Uz,Iz,Io,Uo
U
I
Iz
Iz
Iz
UzUz
UzUR F
F
N
minmax
min
max
N
Zener Diode CharacteristicZener Diode Characteristic
Zener Diode- Parametric RegulatorZener DiodeZener Diode-- Parametric RegulatorParametric Regulator
Uz
T
Uz
UBEUBE
High Power Zener DiodeHigh Power Zener Diode
Zener Diode- Parametric RegulatorZener DiodeZener Diode-- Parametric RegulatorParametric Regulator
BEZ'Z UUU +=
UoRo
Ui
Uz
Rs
T
Parametric RegulatorsParametric RegulatorsParametric Regulators
ParametricParametric Regulator Regulator Voltage Voltage WWith Folower Outputith Folower Output
BEZO UUU −=
UoRoUi
Uz
T
Iz
Ii
Io
Parametric RegulatorsParametric RegulatorsParametric Regulators
Paraller Parametric Paraller Parametric RegulatorRegulator
IoIzIi +=
UoRo
Ui
Uz
T
Iz
Ii
IoRs
Parametric RegulatorsParametric RegulatorsParametric Regulators
SerialSerial ParametricParametric RegulatorRegulator
IoIi ≈
↑↑↑↓↓↓ Uo,Uz,Iz,Ib,Io,Uo
Uref
Ui
T
-+k
R1
R2
Uo
Compensatory RegulatorCompensatory RegulatorCompensatory Regulator
Simply Simply CompensatoryCompensatoryRegulatorRegulator
)R2
R1Uref(1Uo
Uref)R2R1
R2Uo(
+=
=+
Ui
T
-+k
R1
R2
Uo
Uz
Rs
Compensatory RegulatorsCompensatory RegulatorsCompensatory Regulators
Simply Simply CompensatoryCompensatoryRegulatorRegulator ver.1.ver.1.
)R2
R1(1UzUo +•=
Ui
T
-+k
R1
R2
Uo
Uz
Rs
Compensatory RegulatorsCompensatory RegulatorsCompensatory Regulators
Simply Simply CompensatoryCompensatoryRegulatorRegulator ver.2.ver.2.
)R1
R2(1UrefUo +•=
Ui
T
k Uok
Reverse Voltage Protection
Negative Voltage Protection
Thermal Protection
Current Limit Overvoltage protection
Uref, Error Amplifier
Protections in Voltage RegulatorsProtections in Voltage RegulatorsProtections in Voltage Regulators
Voltage Reference Amplifier
TemperatureCompensated
Zener
ErrorAmplifier
+
-
CurrentLimit
Non InvertInput
InvertInput
V+
V- Vref Vz
Vc
Vo
FrequencyCompensation
IN-
IN+
Cl Cs
FC
CurrentSource
Schematic Schematic DiagramDiagram
Precision Integrated-CircuitVoltage Regulator UA723
PPrecision recision II ntegratedntegrated--CCircuitircuitVVoltage oltage RRegulatoegulator r UA723UA723
Max 4mAI standby
6,8V-7,5VU reference
150 mAI output max
2V-37VU output
9,5V-40VU input
RangeParameter
Precision Integrated-CircuitVoltage Regulator UA723
PPrecision recision II ntegratedntegrated--CCircuitircuitVVoltage oltage RRegulatoegulator r UA723UA723
ApplicationApplication Basic Basic ParametersParameters
[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..elportalelportal..plpl]]
Schematic Schematic DiagramDiagram
Precision Integrated-CircuitVoltage Regulator UA723
PPrecision recision II ntegratedntegrated--CCircuitircuitVVoltage oltage RRegulatoegulator r UA723UA723
Output
Current Limit
Current Limit
Compensation
+
-
V+
RA
Rsc
Ro
Tc
Td
Te
Ube=0,6V
Iout
ErrorAmplifier
Current Current LimitLimit
Precision Integrated-CircuitVoltage Regulator UA723
PPrecision recision II ntegratedntegrated--CCircuitircuitVVoltage oltage RRegulatoegulator r UA723UA723
BasicBasicLowLow--VoltageVoltage Regulator (VO = 2 V to 7 V)Regulator (VO = 2 V to 7 V)
V+ VcVo
Cl
CsR1
R2
Cref 100pF
R3
Rsc
IN-
FcIN+
Vref
V-
Vin
Vout
723
R2R1
R2R1R3
+•=
Precision Integrated-CircuitVoltage Regulator UA723
PPrecision recision II ntegratedntegrated--CCircuitircuitVVoltage oltage RRegulatoegulator r UA723UA723
V+ VcVo
Cl
Cs
R1
R2100pF
R3
Rsc
IN-
FcIN+
Vref
V-
Vin
Vout
723
BasicBasicHighHigh--VoltageVoltage Regulator (VO = 7 V to 37 V)Regulator (VO = 7 V to 37 V)
R2R1
R2R1R3
+•=
Precision Integrated-CircuitVoltage Regulator UA723
PPrecision recision II ntegratedntegrated--CCircuitircuitVVoltage oltage RRegulatoegulator r UA723UA723
V+ VcVo
Cl
Cs
R1
R2500pF
Rsc
IN-
FcIN+
Vref
V-
Vin
Vout
723
T
High Power PositiveHigh Power Positive--VoltageVoltage Regulator (Regulator (External npnExternal npn PassPassTransistorTransistor))
Precision Integrated-CircuitVoltage Regulator UA723
PPrecision recision II ntegratedntegrated--CCircuitircuitVVoltage oltage RRegulatoegulator r UA723UA723
1 INPUT2 GND3 OUTPUT
1 2 3
140247824
135187818
135157815
135127812
135107810
13597809
13587808
13567806
13557805
Iout max [A]
Uin max [V]
Uout [V]Type
3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx
33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx 78xx
ApplicationApplicationBasicBasicParametersParameters
Current Generator
ReferenceVoltage
Error Amplifier
Series Pass Element
SOAProtection
StartingCircuit
Thermal Protection
1 IN 3 OUT
2 GND78xx78xx Block Block DiagramDiagram
3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx
33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx78xx
78xx1 IN 3 OUT
2 GND330 nF 100 nF
V in V out
78xx78xx-- Typical ApplicationTypical Application
3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx
33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx78xx
78xx1 IN 3 OUT
2 GND330 nF 100 nF
V in
V out
R1
R2
CircuitCircuit forfor Increasing Output VoltageIncreasing Output Voltage
3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx
33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx78xx
78xx1 IN3
OUT
2 GND330 nF 100 nF
V in V out
3 Ω
T1
HighHigh--Current VoltageCurrent Voltage RegulatorRegulator
3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx
33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx78xx
78xx1 IN3
OUT
2 GND330 nF 100 nF
V in
V out
3 Ω
T1
T2
Rsc
High Output Current with ShortHigh Output Current with Short --Circuit ProtectionCircuit Protection
3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx
33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx78xx
3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx
33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx78xx
TO92TO92
IomaxIomax=500mA=500mA
TO220TO220
IomaxIomax=1A=1A--3A3A
TO2TO2
IomaxIomax=1A=1A--3A3A
LM78xx LM78xx PacakgesPacakges
HeatsinksHeatsinks
3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx
33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx78xx
[[SourceSource: http://: http://tmetme..comcom/]/]
1 GND2 INPUT3 OUTPUT
1 2 3
1-40-247924
1-35-187918
1-35-157915
1-35-127912
1-35-107910
1-35-97909
1-35-87908
1-35-67906
1-35-57905
Iout max [A]
Uin max [V]
Uout [V]Type
3-Terminal 1 A Negative Voltage Regulator79xx
33--Terminal 1 A Terminal 1 A NegatNegative Voltage Regulatorive Voltage Regulator79xx79xx
ApplicationApplication BasicBasicParametersParameters
79xx2 IN
3 OUT
1 GND330 nF 100 nF
V in V out
79xx79xx-- Typical ApplicationTypical Application
3-Terminal 1 A Negative Voltage Regulator79xx
33--Terminal 1 A Terminal 1 A NegatNegative Voltage Regulatorive Voltage Regulator79xx79xx
78151 IN 3 OUT
2 GND330 nF 100 nF
79152 IN
3 OUT
1 GND330 nF 100 nF
20V
-20V -15V
15V
Split Power SupplySplit Power Supply(±15 V (±15 V -- 1 A)1 A)
3-Terminal 1 A Negative Voltage Regulator79xx
33--Terminal 1 A Terminal 1 A NegatNegative Voltage Regulatorive Voltage Regulator79xx79xx
1 ADJ2 Vin3 Vout
1 2 3
1,31,251,2Vref [V]
1,5I out [A]
371,2V out [V]
maxtypicalminParametr
Three-Terminal Adjustable Regulator- LM117, LM317
ThreeThree--Terminal Adjustable RegulatorTerminal Adjustable Regulator-- LM117, LM117, LM317LM317
ApplicationApplication BasicBasicParametersParameters
INPUT
ADJOUTPUT
Rlimit
Error Amplifier
Vref
Current Limit
LM 117LM 117-- Block Block DiagramDiagram
Three-Terminal Adjustable Regulator- LM117, LM317
ThreeThree--Terminal Adjustable RegulatorTerminal Adjustable Regulator-- LM117, LM117, LM317LM317
LM1173 Vin 2 Vout
1 GND
100 nF 1 uFV in V out
R1240
R25k
LM117LM117-- Typical ApplicationTypical Application
Three-Terminal Adjustable Regulator- LM117, LM317
ThreeThree--Terminal Adjustable RegulatorTerminal Adjustable Regulator-- LM117, LM117, LM317LM317
1,25V Uref),R1
R2(1 UrefUo =+=
LM1173 Vin 2 Vout
1 GND
100 nF 1 uFV in V out
R1150
R25k
LM113 1,2V
680
-10V
0V0V--30V Regulator30V Regulator
Three-Terminal Adjustable Regulator- LM117, LM317
ThreeThree--Terminal Adjustable RegulatorTerminal Adjustable Regulator-- LM117, LM117, LM317LM317
Low Drop-Out Regulator: LDOLow Low DropDrop--Out Out Regulator: LDORegulator: LDO
Uref
Ui
T
-+k
R1
R2
Uo
U UoUi∆U −=
0,5V0,2V U :LDO
2V∆U :Regulator Typical
÷=∆>
LowLow--dropout adjustable and fixed linear voltagedropout adjustable and fixed linear voltageregulator NX1117regulator NX1117
Low Drop-Out Regulator: LDOLow Low DropDrop--Out Out Regulator: LDORegulator: LDO
[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..npmnpm..comcom]]
Functional Functional DiagramDiagram
[[SourceSource: pl.: pl.mousermouser..comcom]]
Typical applicationTypical application forfor fixed output voltage versionsfixed output voltage versions
Low Drop-Out Regulator: LDOLow Low DropDrop--Out Out Regulator: LDORegulator: LDO
[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..npxnpx..comcom]]
Key applicationsKey applications
-Post regulation for SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)
-Consumer and industrial equipment
-Battery charger
-Hard drive controllers
-Core voltage supply: FPGA, PLD, DSP, CPU
-LCD TV
-DVD player
Switching RegulatorsSwitching RegulatorsSwitching Regulators
Linear Linear regulator regulator efficiencesefficiencesis about is about 40%.40%.
The larger the difference between the input and output voltageThe larger the difference between the input and output voltage,, the more the more heat is producedheat is produced..
Even the newEven the newLDOLDO ((lowlow dropdrop--outout)) regulators are still inefficient linear regulators are still inefficient linear regulatorsregulators..
AA switchingswitchingregulatorregulatorworksworksbyby taking small chunks of energytaking small chunks of energy..
Practical switching Practical switching regulator regulator efficiencesefficiencestypically range from typically range from 70%70%--95%.95%.
The highest efiiciency is desired when battery life is criticalThe highest efiiciency is desired when battery life is critical..
The lost power is dissipated The lost power is dissipated as as heatheat..
Switch Low PassFilter
FilterPWM
Controller
ErrorAmplifier Vref
VoVi
Block Block DiagramDiagram
Switching RegulatorsSwitching RegulatorsSwitching Regulators
Uin
K
D
L
UL
C
IL Io
Ro oUUt
Low Pass Filter
Ut
tt on t off
SwitchSwitchPWM PWM ControllControll
Switching RegulatorsSwitching RegulatorsSwitching Regulators
StepStep--Down Switching Down Switching RegulatorRegulator
Uin D
L
UL
C
IL Io
Ro oU Uin
L
UL
C
IL Io
Ro oU
On On StateState Off StateOff State
t
t
U
I
L
LIL= Io
Uin-Uo
-Uo
t ton off
Switching RegulatorsSwitching RegulatorsSwitching Regulators
T
ton
Vin
Vo =
VinT
tonVo =
Uin K
DL
C
IL Io
Ro oUUt
toff
T
Vin
Vo = Vintoff
TVo =
StepStep--Up Switching Up Switching RegulatorRegulator
LM2574 Switching RegulatorLM2574 LM2574 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
Output
ON/OFF
GND
GND
Vin
Feed-back
Block Block DiagramDiagram
[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..titi ..comcom]]
LM2574 Switching RegulatorLM2574 LM2574 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
Typical ApplicationTypical Application
[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..titi ..comcom]]
LM2574 Switching RegulatorLM2574 LM2574 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
ParametersParameters
--3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V and Adjustable Output Versionand Adjustable Output Version
--Adjustable Output Version Voltage RangeAdjustable Output Version Voltage Range: 1.23V: 1.23V-- 37V37V
--SpecifiedSpecified0.5A 0.5A Output CurrentOutput Current
--Wide Input RangeWide Input Range: 40V: 40V
--52kHz 52kHz Fixed Fraquency Internal OscillatorFixed Fraquency Internal Oscillator
--TTL TTL Shutdown CapabilityShutdown Capability, , Low Power Standby ModeLow Power Standby Mode
--High EfficiencyHigh Efficiency
--Thermal Shutdown and Current Thermal Shutdown and Current Limit Limit ProtectionProtection
LM2574 Switching RegulatorLM2574 LM2574 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
At low input voltages efficiency At low input voltages efficiency is degradedis degraded. . Higher inputs make Higher inputs make the fixed loss the fixed loss a a smaller smaller percentagepercentage, , improving improving efficiencyefficiency..
LT1109 Switching RegulatorLT1109LT1109 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
[[SourceSource: http://: http://cdscds..linearlinear..comcom/]/]
Block Block DiagramDiagram
Typical ApplicationTypical Application
[[SourceSource: http://: http://cdscds..linearlinear..comcom/]/]
LT1109 Switching RegulatorLT1109LT1109 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
ParametersParameters::
Output VoltageOutput Voltage: 5V, 12V, : 5V, 12V, Adjustable VoltageAdjustable Voltage
120kHz 120kHz OscillatorOscillator
1.6V 1.6V Mimimum Mimimum StartStart--Up VlotageUp Vlotage
Logic Controlled ShutdownLogic Controlled Shutdown
Output Current Output Current 100mA (100mA (Output Output 5V), 60mA (5V), 60mA (outputoutput12V)12V)
LT1109 Switching RegulatorLT1109LT1109 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
MC34063 Switching RegulatorMC34063 MC34063 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
Block Block DiagramDiagram
StepStep--UpUp//DownDown//Inverting SwitchingInverting SwitchingRegulatorRegulator
[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..titi ..comcom]]
MC34063 Switching RegulatorMC34063 MC34063 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
Inverting Switching Inverting Switching RegulatorRegulator[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..titi ..comcom]]
MC34063 Switching RegulatorMC34063 MC34063 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
ParametersParameters::
--Operation from Operation from 3V to 40V 3V to 40V InputInput
--Low Standbay CurrentLow Standbay Current
--Current LimitingCurrent Limiting
--Output Switch Current Output Switch Current to 1,5Ato 1,5A
--Output Voltage AdjustableOutput Voltage Adjustable
--Frequency OperationFrequency Operationto 100kHzto 100kHz
--Precision ReferencePrecision Reference
Functional BlockFunctional Block DiagramDiagram
2A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 85002A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 85002A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 8500
Typical Application SchematicTypical Application Schematic
2A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 85002A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 85002A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 8500
ParametersParameters::
Standard Standard Buck Controller with Integrated Switching PowerBuck Controller with Integrated Switching PowerMOSFETMOSFET
Integrated Boot DiodeIntegrated Boot Diode
Input Voltage RangeInput Voltage Range:: FixedFixed5V 5V ±±10%10%, , VariableVariable5.5V to 25V5.5V to 25V
PWMPWM Output Voltage Adjustable fromOutput Voltage Adjustable from0.6V to 19V 0.6V to 19V withwith Continuous Output Continuous Output Current upCurrent upto 2Ato 2A
FixedFixed500kHz500kHzSwitching FrequencySwitching Frequency
Output Undervoltage ProtectionOutput Undervoltage Protection
Enable InputsEnable Inputs
Overcurrent ProtectionOvercurrent Protection,, Thermal Overload ProtectionThermal Overload Protection
InternalInternal5V LDO regulator5V LDO regulator
2A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 85002A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 85002A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 8500
Low Cost Low Cost 3A 3A Switching Switching RegulatorRegulator
LM 317- Switching RegulatorLM 317LM 317-- SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..titi ..comcom]]
UA723- Switching RegulatorUA723UA723-- SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..titi ..comcom]]
78xx- Switching Regulator78xx78xx-- SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator
[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..farichaldsemifarichaldsemi..comcom]]