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#S#S#S #S#S
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Ì
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Hope Trail
Atlin
Vernon
Fernie
Nelson
Golden
Lytton
Masset
Juneau
Kelowna
NanaimoOsoyoos
Merritt
Quesnel
Kitimat
Stewart
Skagway
Calgary
Terrace
Houston
Victoria
Kamloops
Rossland
Lillooet
Smithers
Sandspit
Chetwynd
Okanogan
Republic
Hazelton
Vancouver
CourtenayPrinceton
Cranbrook
Kimberley
CastlegarPenticton
Invermere
Valemount
MacKenzie
Greenwood
Port Hardy
Revelstoke
Dease Lake
Bellingham
Vanderhoof
Grand Forks
Bella Coola
Peace River
Fort Nelson
Watson Lake
Cache Creek
Fraser Lake
Dawson Creek
Fort St John
Prince Rupert
Williams Lake
Fort St James
Prince George
Campbell River
Grande Prairie
Queen Charlotte City
Germansen Landing
B1
B2
B4,12
B5 B6,8,9B10
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17B18
B20B22
B25
B26
B27
B29,56
B30B31
B32, 58
B33-35B37,38
B39
B45
B46
B47
B48
B49
B50
B51
B52
B53
B54
B55
B57
Granduc
True Blue
Goldstream
B40-43
Windy Craggy
Mt Henry Clay
B11
J & L
B19
C1
C5C6
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
Anyox
Chu Chua
C7C8
Bonanza
B21
B23
E1
E3,15E4 E5
E6
E7
E8E10
Cronin
E12E13
E14
E16E17 E18
Eskay Creek
E9
K3
K4,5,94-96,98,99
K6,100
K7
K1,2
K11-15,23-25,101,103
K18
K22
K26
K31-33,35-37,114,115,117
K34, 116K38,39
K40
K41,44
K45
K46K48 K49
K50
K52
K54
K55
K57
K58
K59,60
K61K62
K63
K64
K66,67,148
K68
K69K70
K71
K73
K75K76K77
K78
K79,173-175,177,178
K80
K81
K83
K84
K85
K87K88
K89
K90-93
K97
K179
K103,111
K120
K133
K180
K108,109
K176
K143
K144
K146
K118
K119
K123K126-130
K153
K131
K155,156
K137
K141
K142
K159,160
K145
K147
K74,158,161-164,167
K149
K150K151
K152
K154
K157
K168K166
K171K170
K169
K172
Britannia
Brandywine
Myra Falls
Kutcho Creek
Tulsequah Chief
K9,10,105,106
K16,17,20,21,107
K27,102,110,112,113
K53,121,122,124,125
K132,134,135,138-140
K136
K165
Seneca
Ecstall
Rea Gold
Homestake
Mount Sicker
A2A3
A4A5
A6
A7A8 A10
A11
A13
A14,15,17-23
A25A26
A27
A28
A30A31
A32
A34
A37
A38
Niblack
Frenchie
Greens Creek
Alaska TreasureA35,36
Sumdum Glacier N
Kupreanof Island
Glacier Creek Main
NA
ST
WR
AX
QN
YA
CA
CC
KO
CC
CG
PAP
CAC
CR
CD
TU
PR
QN
SM
BR
NI
SM
NI
SM
MO
SH
QN
NI
DY
HA
MT
MT
TU
SM
KO
TU
WR
BR
SM
CD
SM
CK
KO
KO
QN
MT
WR
BR
MO
ST
KO
BR
SM
KO
QN
KO
QN
KO
KO
CG
CA
QN
QN
ST
AX
AX
WR
PR
CD
ST
ST
CC
CC
QN
KONA
NA
142ºW61ºN
60ºN
59ºN
58ºN
57ºN
56ºN
55ºN
54ºN
53ºN
52ºN
51ºN
50ºN
49ºN
48ºN
140ºW
138ºW
136ºW134ºW
132ºW130ºW 128ºW 126ºW 124ºW
122ºW120ºW
118ºW
116ºW
114ºW 61ºN
60ºN
59ºN
58ºN
56ºN
57ºN
55ºN
54ºN
53ºN
52ºN
51ºN
50ºN
49ºN
48ºN114ºW
116ºW
118ºW
120ºW122ºW
124ºW126ºW128ºW130ºW
132ºW
134ºW
136ºW
138ºW
140ºW
142ºW
CAUTION: This map is printed with inks that are not waterproof.
They will also fade if exposed to bright light. A digital version
can be downloaded from http:??www.em.gov.bc.ca/geology/ Basemap and
terrane boundaries amended from Journeay and Williams (1995);
Geological Survey of Canada Open File 2948 (v 1.0)Albers Equal Area
Projection; standard parallels 50º00'N and 58º00'N.
AXBRCACCCDCGCKCRDYHAKOMOMTNANS
PAPPRQNSHSMSTTU
WRYA
AlexanderBridge RiverCassiarCache
CreekCadwalladerChugachChilliwackCrescentDorseyHarrisonKootenayMonasheeMethowCratonal
North AmericaNislingPost-Accretionary PlutonsPacific
RimQuesnelliaShuksanSlide MountainStikiniaTakuWrangelliaYakutat
KEY TO TERRANES
Terrane boundaries modified and simplified from Journeay and
Williams (1995); Geological Survey
of Canada, Open File 2984 (v 1.0).
Scale 1:2,000,000
OPEN FILE 1999-2
VOLCANOGENIC MASSIVE SULPHIDE DEPOSITSOF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Compiled by N.W.D. MasseyVMS occurrences compiled from
MINFILE.
Comments and additional data by Regional Geologists and staff of
the Geological Survey Branch
100 0 100 200 km
(Revised April, 2000)
KEY TO SYMBOLS
Besshi-type
Cyprus-type
Eskay-type
Kuroko-type
Ì
Ì
Ì
Ì
Past Producer (>200T)Occurrence
Past Producer (>200T)Occurrence
Mafic volcanic-associated massive sulphides
Producer (>200T)Occurrence
Producer (>200T)Past Producer (>200T)Occurrence
Felsic volcanic-associated massive sulphides
Significant deposits are named. All other occurrences are
labelled as in Table 1
#S
#S
#S
#S
#S
Alaskan VMS occurrences (see Table 3)
Distribution of VMS Occurrences by Physiographic Belt
Distribution of VMS Occurrences by Terrane Distribution of VMS
Occurrences by Age
Alldrick, D.J. (1995): Subaqueous Hot Spring Au-Ag; in Selected
British Columbia Mineral Deposit Profiles, Volume 1 - Metallics and
Coal, Lefebure, D.V. and Ray, G.E., Editors, B.C. Ministry of
Employment and Investment, Open File 1995-20, pages 53-58.
Franklin, J.M. (1993): Volcanic-associated Massive Sulphide
Deposits; in Mineral Deposit Modelling, Kirkham, R.V., Sinclair,
W.D., Thorpe, R.I. and Duke, J.D., Editors, Geological Association
of Canada, Special Paper 40, pages 315-334.
Franklin, J.M. (1996): Volcanic-associated Massive Sulphide Base
Metals; in Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types, Eckstrand,
O.R., Sinclair, W.D. and Thorpe, R.I., Editors, Geological Survey
of Canada, Geology of Canada, no. 8, pages 158-183 (also Geological
Survey of America, The Geology of North America, volume P-1).
Höy, T. (1991): Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide Deposits in
British Columbia; in Ore Deposits, Tectonics and Metallogeny in the
Candian Cordillera, B.C. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum
Resources, Paper 1991-4, pages 89-123.
Höy, T. (1995): Besshi Massive Sulphide Zn-Cu-Pb; in Selected
British Columbia Mineral Deposit Profiles, Volume 1 - Metallics and
Coal, Lefebure, D.V. and Ray, G.E., Editors, B.C. Ministry of
Employment and Investment, Open File 1995-20, pages 49-50.
Höy, T. (1995): Cyprus Massive Sulphide Cu (Zn); in Selected
British Columbia Mineral Deposit Profiles, Volume 1 - Metallics and
Coal, Lefebure, D.V. and Ray, G.E., Editors, B.C. Ministry of
Employment and Investment, Open File 1995-20, pages 51-52.
Höy, T. (1995): Noranda/Kuroko Massive Sulphide Cu-Pb-Zn; in
Selected British Columbia Mineral Deposit Profiles, Volume 1 -
Metallics and Coal, Lefebure, D.V. and Ray, G.E., Editors, B.C.
Ministry of Employment and Investment, Open File 1995-20, pages
53-54.
Poulsen, K.H. and Hannington, M.D. (1996): Volcanic-associated
Massive Sulphide Gold; in Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit
Types, Eckstrand, O.R., Sinclair, W.D. and Thorpe, R.I., Editors,
Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, no. 8, pages
183-196 (also Geological Survey of America, The Geology of North
America, volume P-1).
Sherlock, R.L., Barrett, T.J., Thompson, J.F.H., MacDonald,
R.W.J., McKinley, S.D., Roth, T., Sebert, C. and Childe, F. (1996):
Geology of Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Cordillera
of British Columbia, Canada; in Geology and Ore Deposits of the
American Cordillera, Coyner, A.R. and Fahey, P.L., Editors,
Geological Society of Nevada Symposium Proceedings, Reno/Sparks,
Nevada, pages 1253-1280.
Thompson, J.F.H. and Barrett, T.J. (1996): Volcanogenic Massive
Sulfide Deposits of the Cordillera; Canadian Instiute of Mining,
Metallurgy and Petroleum, Exploration and Mining Geology, volume 5,
number 4, pages vii-ix (Preface to special volume that also
includes five other papers describing major deposits in British
Columbia).
Selected Bibliography
Table 3: VMS Occurrences in South East Alaska Map Label Deposit
Name
A1 Niblack A2 Khayyam A3 Stumble-On A4 Big Harbour A5 Corbin A6
Copper City A7 Sweetheart Ridge A8 Tracy Arm A9 Sumdum Glacier
North A10 Sumdum Glacier South A11 Moth Bay A12 Greens Creek A13
Pyrola A14 Palmer A15 Mount Henry Clay (Boulderado) A16 Glacier
Creek Main A17 Hanging Glacier A18 Cap A19 Nunatak (Saksaia) A20
Boundary A21 Jarvis Glacier A22 Little Jarvis Glacier North A23
Litle Jarvis Glacier South A24 Kupreanof Island A25 Castle Island
A26 Helen South - W.I. A27 Lost Showing - W.I. A28 Brushy Creek -
W.I. A29 Frenchie - Z.I. A30 Spiderman - Z.I. A31 RoundPoint - Z.I.
A32 Fremming A33 Alaska Treasure - D.I. A34 Yakima - D.I. A35
Mammoth - D.I. A36 Red Diamond - D.I. A37 Driest Point A38 Orange
Point
