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Vol. 62, No. 2 (March-April 2011) 1

2 JOMSA


The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America (ISSN 0025-6633) is published bi-monthly by the Orders and Medals

these should be submitted to the Editor. Reproduction of the contents of the Journal

OMSA OFFICERS AND MANAGERS PRESIDENT: Fred L Borch

Phone: (434) 760-1901

VICE PRESIDENT: Harry H. Bendorf DIRECTORS:

William K. Emerson

Adam G. Rohloff Nathan S. Weiss SECRETARY PO Box 540, Claymont, DE 19703-0540 [email protected] TREASURER:

E-mail: [email protected] JOMSA AD SALES 1350 Scorpious Court Merritt Island, FL 32953-3131 Phone: (321) 453-1605

JOMSA EDITOR: Richard A. Flory PO Box 120, Chico, CA 95927-0120

Phone: (530) 894-5008 Fax: (866) 483-0026

BOOK SALES, NON-RECEIPT OF CURRENT-YEAR ISSUE AND BACK ISSUES:

OH 44484. Phone: (330) 856-1977

RIBBON BANK:

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OMSA WEB SITE:

LIBRARY LIAISON:

Hollister CA 95023

Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of AmericaFounded in 1950 by S. G. Yasinitsky

Volume 62, Number 2

CONTENTS MARCH - APRIL 2011

FEATURE ARTICLE

Fred L. Borch: The Air Force Medal of Honor: A History of Its .............................. 4

SELECTED ARTICLES

Lukasz Gaszewski of Poland ........................................................................................... 23

Graham Wilson: Fourragère ........................................................................................ 32

Edward J. Emering: : The Italian Red Cross Medal for Iraq .................. 39

DEPARTMENTS

.................................................................................. 2

Letters to the Editor .................................................................................. 2

Meet the Authors ....................................................................................... 3

......................................................................................... 22

........................................................ 41

Secretary’s Report ................................................................................... 43

Collector’s Marketplace .......................................................................... 44

On The Cover:

feature article by Fred L. Borch.

2 JOMSA

P R E S I D E N T ’ S MESSAGE

medals” on-line. I’d ask all of

or control the content of the Forum. In fact, your Board of Directors has intentionally refrained from any daily

from some members about rudeness and mean-spirited

principle of freedom of speech means that OMSA should

disrespect or profanity. If you are on the Forum, you can

You can reach me on any OMSA topic at fred.borch@

concerns. But, if you feel the need to telephone, then call

for your support.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Starting with this issue we are instituting a “Letters to the Editor” column. This column will be available to authors who which to expand on, or correct, previous articles;; OMSA members who wish to expand on or make corrections to portions of previous articles (authors will be given the option to respond);; or members who have ideas on how to improve

. The editor will decide which letters to publish and format.

Authors of accepted letters will receive page proofs of their letters by email prior to publication so please include your email address with your letter.

Richard Meixsel

Star,” JOMSA

February 1942 to MacArthur and his senior staff...

General MacArthur:

Ausejo and Major Pedro Merritt. Please transmit this


MEET THE AUTHORS

PLAN NOW TO

ATTEND OMSA

2011 IN

JACKSONVILLE

Fred Borch has been an OMSA member for more than

book For Military Merit: Recipients of the Purple Heart

Ed Emering

has contributed more than 50 articles to JOMSA and has

Lukasz Gaszewski

30 years. He is particularly interested in European medals and medals of the United States National Guard. He is a co-author of Burke’s Peerage and Gentry World Orders of Knighthood and Merit JOMSA

Graham Wilson spent 26 years in the Australian

the Department of Defense, and their Bichoodle pup

WOULD YOU LIKE

TO SEE YOUR

BIOGRAPHY

HERE?

SUBMIT AN

ARTICLE TO THE

JOMSA EDITOR.

4 JOMSA

Historical background

While the Air Force separated from the Army and became

Army decorations and medals. For example, all airmen

letter, Horne stated that the Air Force Chief of Staff had

1 With this in mind, Horne

a.

symbolic of the dynamic role of the Air Force in the national defense structure.

b. The shape of the medal must be unique and

c.

d.

For the next year and a half the Army Institute of Heraldry

the decoration familiar to airmen today.

as a September 14, 1961 letter from Colonel Horne

facing downfacing up, the Air

2 A copy of Horne’s

THE AIR FORCE MEDAL OF HONOR:A HISTORY OF ITS ORIGINS, DESIGN AND AWARD FROM

1965 TO THE PRESENT

FRED L. BORCH


unique for this in contradistinction to the Silver Star,

the Bronze Star Medal 3

Figure 1: Horne’s September 14, 1961 letter.

6 JOMSA

ribbon.4

additions of neckline and shoulders, looks too much like

equally appropriate as an alternate choice.5

Figure 2: Pankey’s January 15, 1962 letter.


the face of the Goddess from our Statue of Liberty used as 6

principal theme.”7

8 Army artists also had acquiesced

similar to that used on the Army Medal of Honor, except

9

VALOR. It seems that

of Fine Arts.

Heraldry. In that letter, Finley stated that the proposed Air

the sculptural quality of the medal.”10 A copy of Finley’s

11

Force Medal of Honor.

done in October 1963 by the Medallic Art Company

Additionally, in April 1964, the Air Force directed

capture the sharp clear lines and youthful spirit” of Liberty.

chubby matron and reduced the aesthetic potential inherent 12

8 JOMSA

Air Force Base until March 1966.Air Force to have its own design

Figure 3: Finley’s September 25, 1962 letter.


Description and Symbolism

Obverse (1965-present)

the number of states in the Union at the outbreak of the

VALOR.

Figure 5: Air Force Medal of Honor obverse, credit: United States Army Institute of Heraldry.

Figure 6: Air Force Medal of Honor reverse, credit: Melvin Mueller.

Figure 4: Preproduction model of Air Force Medal of Honor, circa 1965, credit: United States Army Institute of Heraldry.

10 JOMSA

Reverse (1965-present)

manufactured medal.

Ribbon (1965-present)The VALORblue, moiré silk pad, folded at the corners. There are 13 stars (each 7/64th inches in diameter) on the pad. These

and 3/16th inches. Three snaps are used to fasten it around the recipient’s neck.

Force MoH has embroidered stars.

Air Force Medal of Honor Award Process

Criteria

Figure 7: February 14, 1964 memorandum.


party.13

Nomination Process: Procedure

While any person may nominate an airman for the Medal

e.g.

initially recommends an airman for the Medal of Honor,

Defense Department requires that the Medal of Honor

folder, suitable for presentation by the President of the United States.

Additionally, each Medal of Honor recommendation

Recommendation from the Combatant Commander concerned (for example, the Commander, United States Central Command or Commander, United

Recommendation from the Chief of Staff of the

Recommendation from the Secretary of the Air Force

of Staff After these recommendations are part of a Medal of Honor

14

Nomination Process: Time Limits

Under Title 10, United States Code, Section 8744, any recommendation for the Air Force Medal of Honor must be submitted within two years of the act and the Medal

within three years

Secretary of the Air Force determines that an airman, in

Second, under Title 10, United States Code, Section

based. Section 1130 requires that the Secretary determine

him to submit to both the House and Senate Committees

Secretary informs both the House and Senate committees that the proposed Medal of Honor is meritorious, the next

the Medal of Honor to the nominated airman concerned. After that statute is passed, the Medal of Honor may be

the Air Force Medal of Honor. In October 2000, Airman

of the Air Force Whit Peters on December 8, 2000.

to an Air Force Medal of Honor and, on September 10,

President Barack Obama in a White House ceremony.

Intangible factors

of Honor.

12 JOMSA

likely to experience the close combat ordinarily required

situation required for a Medal of Honor.

can and does make a difference. On March 11, 1968,

part of a top-secret radar station. His extraordinary heroism that day in Laos was recognized at the timethe Medal of Honor. His chain of command recommended

the mechanism of Section 1130, started the process.

the difference.15

Force Medal of Honor, in the sense that the success of a

of Honor nomination packet. Additionally, as the packet

First recipient: Major Bernard F. Fisher, March 10, 1966.

Air Force

be captured before a rescue helicopter could reach him.

Fisher stopped his A-1E, and Myers climbed aboard.

16


taken after Fisher’s rescue of Myers from the A Shau

Vietnam in 1966.

Other recipients:

Captain Steven L. Bennett, June 29, 1972

the coast and the enemy.

missile rose up from behind and struck the plane’s left

explosion.

eject, Bennett elected to ditch in the Gulf of Tonkin. He

17

Colonel George E. Day, August 26, 1967

With an Air Force Medal of Honor, Air Force Cross, Air

R. Ford on March 4, 1976.

Figure 8: Maj. Bernard F. Fisher (left) and D.W. “Jump” Myers, Vietnam, March 10, 1966. The photo was taken after Fisher’s rescue of Myers from the A Shau Valley;; Fisher’s A-1E Skyraider is in the background, credit: United States Air Force.

14 JOMSA

Figure 9: Colonel George E. “Bud” Day is the most highly decorated living American, credit: United States Air Force.

by North Vietnamese militia, taken to a prison camp,

Due to delirium, he lost his sense of direction and

18

himself. Yet, despite his many injuries, he continued to

the enemy.

Major Merlyn H. Dethlefsen, March 10, 1967

Captain Dethlefsen nonetheless made repeated strikes

after they became obscured by the smoke and dust of

bombers.

Figure 10: Major Dethlefsen receives the Medal of Honor from President Lyndon B. Johnson, credit: United States Air Force.


19

Chief Master Sergeant Richard Etchberger, March 11, 1968

recent Air Force Medal of Honor recipient. His Air Force

facility needed by the United States Air Force to direct

any military personnel in Laos. In fact, concerned about

Determined to eliminate the threat posed by the secret

an M-16.

helped another to reach safety.

been pulled inside. He bled to death before he could reach medical care in Thailand.

20

1st Lieutenant James P. Fleming, November 26, 1968

Special Forces reconnaissance team. The Green Berets

extra personnel, returned to its base. A second helicopter,

16 JOMSA

to make another rescue attempt before completely

and clambered aboard as bullets pierced the air, some

fuel tanks nearly empty. For his role in this miraculous

at the White House from President Richard M. Nixon on May 14, 1970.21

Colonel Joe M. Jackson, March 12, 1968

Team at Kham Duc, South Vietnam.

On that day, an Army Special Forces camp located at

on all sides by mountainous terrain.

After he stopped, a rocket fell in front of the transport. A

22

Air Force Medal of Honor at a White House ceremony

Figure 11: Colonel (ret.) Joe Jackson (right), credit: United States Air Force.

Colonel William A. Jones III, September 1, 1968

North Vietnam.

positions. On one pass, he felt an explosion beneath


that day.

States before the Air Force Medal of Honor could be

decoration from President Richard M. Nixon at the White 23

Airman 1st Class John L. Levitow, February 24, 1969

24

Figure 12 : Airman 1st Class Levitow, credit: United States Air Force.

Airman 1st Class William H. Pitsenbarger, April 11, 1966

In October 2000, the posthumous Air Force Cross that

25

18 JOMSA

1965 and soon had completed 250 missions, i

and the Republic of Vietnam’s Medal of Military Merit

On April 11, 1966, an infantry company of 134 soldiers

helicopters to return.

Figure 13: Pitsenbarger, credit: United States Air Force.

Figure 14: Pitsenbarger in para-rescue gear, credit: United States Air Force.


the fallen.26

Captain Lance P. Sijan, November 9, 1967

Lance Peter Sijan is the first Air Force Academy

Vietnamese on Christmas Day 1967. Despite his crippled

intermittent periods of consciousness until his death,

in 1974. On March 4, 1976, President Gerald R. Ford presented the Air Force Medal of Honor to his parents.27

Lieutenant Colonel Leo K. Thorsness, April 19, 1967

the area. Thorsness promptly attacked the enemy plane,

and then spotted four MiG-17s as he neared the bailout

bail out unless their aircraft could be quickly refueled.

from President Nixon in a White House ceremony on October 15, 1973.28

20 JOMSA

Figure 15: Then Major Thorsness (left) at Takhli, early 1967, credit: United States Air Force.

mother.

Captain Hilliard A. Wilbanks, February 24, 1967

Air Force Medal of Honor for his extraordinary heroism

Figure 16: Then Colonel Thorsness receives the Medal of Honor from President Nixon, credit: United States Air Force.


29

Captain Gerald O. Young, November 8-9, 1967

heat. When enemy troops approached the crash scene, he

1968.30

Conclusion

of the Air Force Medal of Honor.

Endnotes

4. Ibid.5. Ibid

6. Letter (2d Indorsement), from Colonel Russell G. Pankey, Chief,

7. Ibid.

Medal of Honor, May 4, 1962.9. Ibid.

Heraldry, September 25, 1962.

22 JOMSA

3, 1964.

Instruction 36-2803, Air Force Awards and Decorations Program,

14. Department of Defense Manual 1348.33-V1, Manual of Military Decorations and Awards: General Information, Medal of Honor, and Defense/Joint Decorations and Awards15-16.

Vietnam, February 2011: 58-59.

Beyond the Call of Duty: The Story of an American Hero, 2004.

Camplin Museum Press, 1991). See also, Robert Coram, American

Patriot: The Life and Wars of Colonel Bud Day

The Air Force Cross: A History of Extraordinary Heroism, 2004: 84-85

asp?dec=&pid=123006524 (Lance Sijan)

asp?dec=&pid=123006530 (Hilliard A. Wilbanks)

BOOK REVIEWSFor Military Merit: Recipients of the Purple Heart by Fred Borch.

$34.95.

For Military Merit

years.

and families.

excellent companion piece to his Sea Service Medals

.

The Decorations and Awards of Audie L. Murphy and Alvin C. York: The U.S. Military’s Most Notable Infantryman. 2nd edition, by Eric R. Caubarreaux.

145-384-7497. $26.95.

complete history for each man, details on promotions,

Continued on page 40


for a Canadian Forces Decoration after the honorable

10 years is denoted by a clasp on the ribbon and a

forces.

Long Service Awards in Poland in the 18th and 19th Century

only a year after his accession to

completed 18 years in the army. On

inscription STANISLAW / AUGUST / KROL

ZA / DOSLUZONE / WCIAZ 18 LAT / W IEDNYMZE / CORPU- / SIE

Figure 1: King Stanislas Augustus Poniatowski (1732-1898) in coronation attire with the collar

and sash of the Order of the White Eagle.

ZA / DOSLUZONE / WCIAZ 18 LAT / W IEDNYMZE / REGIMEN- / CIE. (for 18

circa

LONG-SERVICE AWARDS FOR THE ARMED FORCES IN POLAND

LUKASZ GASZEWSKI

Figure 2: Medal for 18-Years’ Served (1765) - obverse, reverse for infantry (“corps”), reverse for cavalry (“regiment”), courtesy of the Zbigniew Puchalski archive.

24 JOMSA

CORPUSIE KORPUSIE.

is a rarity today. The partition of Poland in 1795 put an end to its existence. The subsequent era of the Duchy

from its 18th-century predecessor in both form and

(the ribbon of the Order Virtuti Militari

the decoration for 35 years, 28 for 30 years, 42 for 25

ceased to be conferred after the outbreak of a national

red-black ribbon of the Russian Order of St. Vladimir in 1834. As the army of the

Figure 3: Decoration for Long Service of the Kingdom of Poland (1829) -‐ for

XV, XX and XXV years (military), courtesy of the Zbigniew Puchalski archive.


Figure 4: Unique decoration for 50 years awarded to Colonel Seydlitz, courtesy of Colonel S. Oberleitner.

L

the Order of Virtuti Militari

placed underneath.

Long Service Awards in an Independent Poland

Virtuti Militari, also restored in 1921 and 1919. The third of the former

honors continued to be established (Cross of Valor in 1920, Order of Polonia Restituta in 1921, Cross of Merit

(Ag

ZA DLUGOLETNIA SLUZBE

X, XX or XXX

conferred no earlier than sometime in 1948, but by

as in the case of other orders and decorations, Polish

Virtuti Militari.

Figure 5: Obverse (a) and reverse (b) of the Long Service

Medal in gold (2007) and silver and bronze (1938). Note the

differences in details of both types (different ribbons and eyes).

26 JOMSA

Figure 6: Gen. Wladyslaw Anders (above), former commander of II Polish Corps with an impressive collection of ribbons, during the 1969 celebrations of the 25th anniversary of the capture of Monte Cassino, Italy. In the lower photo ribbons of the Long Service Medals are can be seen right under the Monte Cassino Cross. Note the incorrect order of wearing: the medal for 10 years comes

before the medal for 20 years of service.

armed forces.

Long Service Awards after World War II

interests of the USSR.

Act on National Honors

Virtuti Militari, Polonia Restituta, Cross of Valor and Cross of

coup d’etat

era of a fairly democratic country from the era of an

for the Country Medal (Medal Sily Zbrojne w Sluzbie Ojczyzny)


as 1959.

inscribed SILY ZBROJNE W SLUZBIE OJCZYZNY

Figure 8: Left: Long Service Decoration of the Volunteer Fire Brigade’s Association which may have been the prototype of the Armed Forces Medal. Right: Rare gold medal for XV years. (1951/59), courtesy Colonel S. Oberleitner.

V, X or XVcentral red shield is 9/16” (14.5 mm) in diameter, the

of Merit and Medals for Merit on the Field of Glory and

for all. By decision of the Minister of National Defense

Figure 7: Different types of the Armed Forces in Service for the Country

Medal (left to right): gold for XX years (1968), silver for XV years

(1960), silver for X years (1951/68), and bronze for V years (1951/68).

28 JOMSA

Figure 9: Different types of ribbon bars: metal ribbon frame with plastic or glass cover, borrowed from the Soviet Army

1954 (c, d) ribbon bars. Note the lack of gold or silver wire denoting the class in (b) and the fact that the Armed Forces in Service for the Country Medal ribbons are worn out of the correct order of precedence.

9 and 10).

XV or XXV) only.

Figure 10: General Stanislaw Poplawski (1902-1973), circa 1955 (a) wearing a metal ribbon frame (b). The ribbons of the silver and bronze Armed Forces in Service for the

row. Upper classes are marked with gold or silver foil.

set of medals is the most popular and most frequently

discretion of the Minister of National Defense. Due to


Figure 11: Never conferred gold medal for XXV years (1960).

then Minister of National Defense, General Wojciech

XXXXX

their military career in the People’s Army in 1943 or

XXX

Figure 12: Unique gold medal for XXX years, conferred only once in 1974, courtesy Colonel

S. Oberleitner.

the Roman numeral V

shade of red.

Figure 13: Different details of the bronze medals for V years. (left to right): the

1951 type, the 1968 type (note a different angle between the arms of “V”),and

the 1995 type (no Roman numeral and more massive general appearance).

30 JOMSA

Polish Long Service Awards Today

it as a ministry decoration for professional military and

12). Another difference in comparison to the older types

inscription: SILY ZBROJNE / W / SLUZBIE OJCZYZNY / RZECZPOSPOLITA / POLSKA

Figure 14: Unaccepted proposal of the Armed Forces in Service for the Country Medal (2006).

military honors of the country, also reintroduced the

The medal itself looks almost identical to its pre-World War II counterpart (there are some small differences in


Figure 15: Long Service Medal hallmarks: (a) 1938 issue, (b) 2007 issue, (c) “Ag 0,950” on the rim of the silver medal

(1938).

cipher MW (Mennica WarszawskaAg 0,950 mark

result from the fact that unlike the Armed Forces medal,

Technically, such a situation is possible. Both are

Minister of Defense). The number of years that must be

senior counterpart.

The form of the decoration and the number of years of

pieces of metal on a military uniform, in somebody’s collection or in a museum display.

Defense and particularly to Colonel Stefan Oberleitner

been possible.

Figure 16: Numerals on Long Service Medal ribbon bars: left two ribbons, 1938 (also used during World War II), and right ribbon, current issue.

32 JOMSA

A ceremonial item seen on both United States Army and United States Marine Corps uniforms is a braided colored

around the left shoulder.1

This item is the fourragèreestablished for the French forces in World War I, and

2 Fourragèrein the French forces as ceremonial items of dress, some not directly related to decorations. The aim of this article,

fourragère that are

The fourragère itself consists of a braided double rope fourragère of the Order of the

Liberation) in the colors of a particular medal ribbon,

World War I – Croix de guerre 1914-1918

The fourragèreof the creation of the Croix de guerre (War Cross) in 1915. The Croix de guerre

could also be cited in military orders. On April 21, 1916,

i.e.of the Croix de guerre

in the color of the ribbon of the Croix de guerre, i.e. the fourragère.

the issue of Memorandum No. 2156D. This document

so many times that there needed to be a system better fourragère in the colors of the

ribbon of the Croix de guerre. To address this issue, the memorandum decreed that for multiple citations, fourragère Croix de

ROPE OF COURAGE:A BRIEF LOOK AT THE FRENCH FOURRAGÈRE

GRAHAM WILSON

Figure 1: The various combinations of World War I fourragère based on the number of citations in Army level orders.


guerre, the Médaille militaire (Military Medal) or the Légion d’honneur

Units cited 2-3 times, fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre

Units cited 4-5 times, fourragère in the colors of the Médaille militaire

Units cited 6-8 times, fourragère in the color of the Légion d’honneur (red)

Units cited 9-11 times, double fourragère in the colors of Légion d’honneur and Croix de guerre

Units cited 12-14 times, double fourragère in the colors of the Légion d’honneur and Médaille militaire

Units cited 15 or more times, double fourragère in the color of the Légion d’honneur

fourragère permanently. Persons posted into the unit subsequently could and can

fourragère

One bit of confusion that needs to be cleared up at this fourragère to fourragère

orders, i.e. a fourragère is Croix de guerre

does not mean that the unit has been physically presented Croix de guerre. Apart from fourragère

Médaille militaire fourragère.3

fourragère

Between and After the World Wars – Croix de guerre TOE

Croix de guerre 1914-1918 to

action in the colonies, on April, 30 1921 the French Croix de guerre des

Théâtres d’Opérations Extérieurs or the Croix de guerre TOE (War Cross for External Theatres of Operations).

Croix de Guerre TOE is identical to that of the Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 and the same

Croix de Guerre TOE Croix de

Guerre TOE

missions to the Baltic States, Upper Silesia, Poland,

Croix de guerre 1914-1918for the Croix de guerre TOE

fourragère of the Croix de guerre TOE

that the colors are those of the ribbon of the Croix de guerre TOE, i.e.

Croix de guerre TOECroix de guerre 1914-1918, Memorandum 2504M of 30 December 1926 authorised fourragère for the Croix de guerre TOE

Units cited 2-3 times, fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre TOE

Units cited 4-5 times, fourragère in the colors of the Medaille militaire the Croix de guerre TOE

Units cited 6-8 times, fourragère in the color of the Légion d’honneur Croix de guerre TOE

Units cited 9-11 times, double fourragère in the colors of Légion d’honneur and Croix de guerre TOE

the fourragère of the Croix de guerre TOE, but also on the Croix de guerre 1939

34 JOMSA

cord of a fourragère. When the fourragère for the Croix de guerre TOE

fourragère of the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 from one of the Croix de guerre TOE

Croix de guerre TOE

fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre TOE and a fourragère in the color of the Légion d’honneurCroix de guerre TOE authorised for a unit cited 6-8 times.

fourragère

Figure 3: Basic fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre TOE and the Légion d’honneur.

fourragère

World War II – Croix de guerre 1939

Croix de guerre Croix de guerre 1939

France. In 1945, in Ministry of War Memorandum No. 5.760 Cab:Mil:Dec of April 20, 1945, the French

fourragère for World War II, Croix

de guerre 1914-1918fourragère

fourragère for World War II fourragère of the Croix de guerre 1914-

1918the Croix de guerre 1939-45, the Medaille militaire and the Légion d’honneur

fourragère for World War

fourragère in

4

The appendix to Memorandum 5.760 Cab:Mil:Dec

fourragèrefourragère of the

Figure 2: Types of ‘olives’ for the fourragère 1914-1918 and 1939-1945.


Mèdaille militaireof the fourragère for both the Croix de guerre and the Mèdaille militaire in World War I and the Croix de guerre

fourragère of the Legion d’honneur fourragère for the Croix de guerre and

Legion d’honneur in World War War One and fourragère for the Croix de guerre, Mèdaille militaire and Legion d’honneurthe fourragère

Figure 4: Fourragère with various ‘olives’.

l’Ordre de la Libération

The last and latest fourragère to be created and conferred is that of l’Ordre de la Libération (the Order of the

in the nature of the deeds, apart from their exceptional

Liberation (Compagnon de la Libération) and General de Gaulle, the founder of the Order, has been the only Grand Maître (Grand Master) of the Order.

immediately after the Légion d’honneur, and perhaps the

l’Ordre de la Libération, namely:Army

Battailon de marche n°213e Demi-brigade de Légion étrangère

Régiment de marche du Tchad2e Régiment d’infanterie coloniale1er Régiment d’artillerie coloniale1/3e Régiment d’artillerie coloniale1er Régiment de marche de spahis marocains

36 JOMSA

501e Régiment de chars de combat Air Force

1ére Escadrille de chasseRégiment de chasse ‘Normandie-Niemen’2e Régiment de chasseurs parachutistes de l’Armée de l’airGroupe de bombardement ‘Lorraine’Groupe de chasse ‘Ile-de-France’Groupe de chasse ‘Alsace’ Navy

Sous-marin RubisCorvette Aconit1er Régiment des fusiliers marins

Communities

GrenobleNantesParisVassieux-en-VercorsÎle de Sein

By a decree of February 23, 1996, the Minister for Defense of the French Republic created a fourragère for l’Ordre de la Libération

place in Franceparade at Mont Valérien, the President of the Republic presented the fourragère of l’Ordre de la Libération to

fourragère.

Visually, the fourragère of l’Ordre de la Libération differs markedly from the other fourragère discussed in

the Order. The fourragère of l’Ordre de la Libération is

Entitlement to Permanent Wear

fourragère to a unit is permanent to the unit,

fourragère

Figure 5: Fourragère of l’Ordre de la Libération.

fourragèreposted to the unit. The rules for the fourragère 1914-1918

fourragère

fourragère

fourragèreto be a member of the unit. On transfer from the decorated

fourragère

in such cases the fourragère

fourragère for both the Croix de guerre TOE and Croix de guerre 1939. a fourragère for the Croix de guerre 1914-1918number 85

fourragère85e Régiment d’infanterie. The rather

Aiguillettes


Figure 6: Fourragère for the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 .

fourragère for the Croix de guerre, Mèdaille militaire, Legion d’honneur and Croix de guerre TOE

fourragère for the Croix de guerre 1914-1918

Figure 8: Fourragère for the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 with the insignia of the French Artillery.

Super Fourragère – 3e REI and RICM

While a number of units of the French Armed Forces are entitled to more than one fourragère

3e Régiment étrangère d’infanterie

and the Régiment d’infanterie-chars de marine (RICM or Marine Armoured

fourragère

the 3e REI, circa 1980. Both the 3e REI and RICM fourragère in the colors of Légion d’honneur and the Croix de guerre 1914-1918

fourragère of the Légion d’honneurto 11 citations in World War I and upper

fourragère in the colors of the Mèdaille militairein the colors of the Croix de guerre TOE,

REI Figure 7: Fourragère for the Croix de guerre, Mèdaille militaire, Legion d’honneur

and Croix de guerre TOE with aiguillettes in gilt and silver.

38 JOMSA

Figure 9: The winter uniform jacket of a Corporal of the 3e

REI, circa 1980 with a triple fourragère.

inherited the honors of the World War I Régiment de marche de la Légion étrangère or RLEMthe 3e REIpart, the RICM inherited the honors of former Régiment d’infanterie coloniale du Maroc. At the time of Moroccan

lose the honors and traditions of the RICM and in order

and renamed it Régiment d’infanterie-chars de marine to enable the title RICM to continue on and to ensure that

French Army did not die out.

Conclusion

Fourragère

of units of the United States Army and United States

fourragère

make sense of the subject.

ELa Marque du courage, all items illustrated are from the author’s collection.

Endnotes

fourragère fourrage’,

Medaille militaireFrench units:Februa ry 1918 : Bat ta i lons Chasseurs à p i ed .

3e Régiment de marche de zouaves ;; 2e Régiment de marche de tirailleurs ;; Régiment d’infanterie coloniale du Maroc

1er Régiment de marche de la Légion étrangère, December 1983: 3e Compagnie du 1er Régiment de chasseurs parachutistes

le Centre d’Instruction Naval (CIN) de Saint-Mandrier;; l’École nationale desSous-officiers d’Active de Saint-Maixent;; l’École de Gendarmerie de Chaumont;; l’École de Formation des Sous-

3e Régiment étranger d’infanterie (3e REI), inheritor of the traditions of the 1er

fourragère of the Médaille militairethe Médaille militaire

4. Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de Guerre 1939 do exist (red

5. Besides the triple fourragère 3e REI

the Légion d’honneur the Médaille militaire the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 the Croix de guerre 1939-1945 the Croix de guerre TOE the

the Spanish Médaille des volontaires Catalansthe streamer of the United States Presidential Unit Citationthe Médaille de vermeil du Centre national d’études spatiales de Kourou

6. Besides the triple fourragère RICM,

the Légion d’honneur the Médaille militaire the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 the Croix de guerre 1939-1945 the Croix de guerre TOE

the the streamer of the United States Presidential Unit Citation

BibliographyKoundakjian, Vicken (editor). Laws and Regulations Pertaining to the French Croix de Guerre (OMSA Monograph No.7). Glassboro,

Order of the Liberation (France), l’Ordre de la Libération ordredelaliberation.fr, 2001.

Service Historique de la Défense. La Marque du courage. Paris : Éditions LBM, 2005.


Ministry of Health in Medical City. The elite medical

International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC), but

compound and the ICRC Headquarters. In addition to the

In addition, the Italian Red Cross offered humanitarian

In a deal purportedly brokered by Italian Red Cross

in a jeep and an ambulance so they could be treated for injuries sustained in combat. Three of the four had

but had been told about it.

Figure 1: Obverse of the Italian Red Cross Medal for Iraq.

OPERAZIONE IRAQ and 2003 2006contains a circular framed Greek cross surrounded by the

CROCE ROSSA ITALIANA (ITALIAN RED CROSS .

Figure 2: Reverse of the Italian Red Cross Medal for Iraq.

ITALIAN RED CROSS MEDAL FOR IRAQ

EDWARD J. EMERING

40 JOMSA

Continued from page 22:

soldier. The book contains the complete citations for

medals are not. This means that details on Murphy’s

this book. Similarly, the citation for York’s Croix de Guerre

an Army motion picture called The Broken Bridge), and

member.


42 JOMSA


SECRETARY’S REPORT

PURCHASE OMSA BADGES AND MEDALSFULL-SIZE OR MINIATURE

CONTACT:

CLYDE L. TINKLEPAUGH, JR, OMSA SECRETARY PO BOX 540CLAYMONT, DE 19703-0540

December-January

Those listed as new members have applied for 2010-11 membership in the Orders and Medals Society of America. If no proper written objection to such membership is received from any member in good standing within sixty (60) days of publication, the applicant shall be admitted to membership (Article III, Section 3 of the OMSA Constitution, and Article III, Section 2 of the OMSA By-Laws). The collecting interests of each new member as provided on the membership application follow each new member’s address.

NEW MEMBERS – 2011

#8094 Harry M. Jones (Internet) 5442Mount Corcoran Pl, Burke, VA 22015#8095 Vincent Guerrin (Gift) 249 5th#8096 Monica Aschenbrenner (Internet) #8097 Philip Foster (Internet) #8098 Michael R. Hetzler (Internet) 70 Merion Circle, Pinehurst, NC 28374#8099 Kent Theurich (Internet)#8100 David Rogers II (Internet) 516 Main St. Harmony, PA 16037

ADDRESS CHANGES & CORRECTIONS

Braun, F. Carl #7027, PO Box 520786, ANNDEX AMP727, Miami, FL 33152

Willemsen, Thomas LM37, 2200 Eastbay Dr., Apt #67, Daphne, AL 36526

End of Report Clyde L. Tinklepaugh, Jr. Secretary

44 JOMSA

COLLECTORS’ MARKETPLACE

Please Note: Price Decrease. All Future Collectors’ Marketplace Ads Now $10.00.

OMSA members can place a classified advertisement for $10.00 per each six-line unit or fraction thereof with a limit of twelve lines. Ads over twelve lines will be computed at display ad rates. Send advertising copy directly to the Advertising Manager no later than 45 days prior to the first day of the month of the two-month date of the issue. For example, advertising for the May-June issue is due at the Advertising Manager by the 15th of March. The Journal is mailed on the 15th day of the first month of each bimonthly issue, i.e. on 15 January for the January-February issue, etc. Please consider this mailing schedule when placing any time-sensitive advertising. Please forward ad copy and payment directly to: OMSA Ad Manager: Melvin D. Mueller, 1350 Scorpious Court, Merritt Island, FL 32953-3131

NOTICE: OMSA policy states that it is unethical to reproduce or knowingly sell or trade reproductions, copies, or fakes of orders, decorations, or medals unless they are clearly identified as such. Moreover, any person who purchases an order, decoration, or medal in response to an advertisement in the Journal may return it for a full the refund with 45 days from the date of purchace upon presentation to the advertiser of a reasonable claim that the item was not as stated in the advertisement.

Wanted For Personal Collection: Panama Canal Service Medal,

STATE MEDALS FOR WAR SERVICE – REVISED EDITION

by 47 states and territories.

New Book—FOR MILITARY MERIT: Recipients Of The Purple Heart.

22903

“Semper Paratus: Honors the U.S. Coast Guard in World War II”

corrections. Spiral-bound, $25.00 postpaid. Dean S.


46 JOMSA

Buying & Selling

Campaign and Gallantry MedalsBritish and Foreign Militaria.

N13-14 Antiquarius

Chelsea, LondonSW3 4PW

Tel/fax: +44 (0)207 352 0308email: [email protected]


48 JOMSA


50 JOMSA


Available to OMSA Members

The Decorations and Medals of thePeacekeeping in the Balkans 1992-2005

Pictures of all nation’s medals

$46.00 (members $42.50)

52 JOMSA


54 JOMSA

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