Vrnjaka Banja, Serbia

10th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN

MECHANICAL INDUSTRY RRaaDDMMII 22001100

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Editor:

Predrag V. Dai

Donji Milanovac, Serbia 16 - 19. September 2010.

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Publisher: SaTCIP (Scientific and Technical Center for Intellectual Property) Ltd.,

36210 Vrnjaka Banja, Serbia For publisher: Jovan Dai, Director of the firm SaTCIP Ltd. Reviewers: Prof. dr. Branislav Dragovi, vice-dean, Maritime Faculty, University of

Montenegro, Kotor (Montenegro) Prof. dr Volodymir Fedorinov, rector, Donbass State Machinery Academy

(DSMA), Kramatorsk (Ukraine) Prof. dr Raycho Ilarionov, vice-rector, Technical University of Gabrovo

(Bulgaria) Technical processing and design: Predrag Dai Jovan Dai Approved by: Decision no. 004/2010 from 01-06-2010 from SaTCIP Ltd., Vrnjaka Banja (Serbia) Disclaimer Note The content of this publication, data, discussions and conclusions presented by the authors are for information only and are not intended for use without independent substantiating investigations on the part of potential users. Opinions expressed by the Autors are not necessarily in accordance with SaTCIP Ltd. as the Publisher, and the organizer and editor are not responsible for any statement in this publication. Copyright SaTCIP Ltd. All rights are reserved for this publication, which is copyright according to the International Copyright Convention. Excepting only any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, review, comment and criticism, no part of this publication can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electrical, electronic, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior expressly permission of the copyright owners. Unlicensed copying of the contents of this publication is illegal. Circulation: 80 exemplars Printed by: SaTCIP (Scientific and Technical Center for Intellectual Property) Ltd.

36210 Vrnjaka Banja, Serbia

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ORGANIZER

Vrnjaka Banja, Serbia http://www.satcip.com/

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 1. Predrag Dai, SaTCIP Ltd., Vrnjaka Banja (Serbia), Chairman 2. Milan Marinkovi, INTERHEM Research Center, Belgrade (Serbia) 3. Dr Milutin Milosavljevi, University of Pritina Office Kosovska Mitrovica, Technical

Faculty, Kosovska Mitrovica (Serbia) 4. Marina Stanojevi, University of Ni, Faculty of Economics, Ni (Serbia) 5. Dr Slobodan Radosavljevi, Mining Basin Kolubara, Lazarevac (Serbia) 6. Veis erifi, Technical Faculty, aak (Serbia) 7. Jovan Dai, SaTCIP Ltd., Vrnjaka Banja (Serbia) 8. Danka Milievi, SaTCIP Ltd., Vrnjaka Banja (Serbia) 9. Ana Kari, SaTCIP Ltd., Vrnjaka Banja (Serbia)

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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE 1. Prof. dr Grigoryev Sergey Nikolaevich, rector, Moscow State Technological University STANKIN,

Moskva (Russia), Chairman 2. Prof. dr Valentin Nedeff, rector, University of Bacu, Faculty of Engineering, Bacu (Romania), Vice-

chairman 3. Prof. dr Friedrich Franek, University of Vienna and president of Austrian Tribology Association, Vienna

(Austria), Vice-chairman 4. Prof. dr Raycho Ilarionov, vice-rector, Technical University of Gabrovo (Bulgaria), Vice-chairman 5. Dr Syed Ahmed, CSEM S. A., Surface Engineering Division, Neuchtel (Switzerland) 6. Prof. dr Emilia Assenova, Technical University of Sofia, Sofia (Bulgaria) 7. Prof. dr Anatoly P. Avdeenko, Donbass State Machinery Academy, Kramatorsk (Ukraine) 8. Prof. dr Milun Babi, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kragujevac (Serbia) 9. Prof. dr Nada Barac, University of Ni, Faculty of Economics, Ni (Serbia) 10. Prof. dr Rade Bioanin, University of Novi Pazar, Technical Faculty, Novi Pazar (Serbia) 11. Prof. dr Leonid Borisenko, Belarusian-Russian University (BRU), Mogilev (Belarus) 12. Prof. dr Konstantin D. Bouzakis, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Mechanical

Engineering, Thessaloniki (Greece) 13. Prof. dr Miodrag Bulatovi, University of Podgorica, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Podgorica

(Montenegro) 14. Traian Buido, University of Oradea, Faculty of Management and Technological Engineering, Oradea

(Romania) 15. Prof. dr Mikhail V. Burmistr, academician, rector, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Engineering,

Dniepropetrovsk (Ukraine) 16. Prof. dr Alexander I. Burya, academician, Dniepropetrovsk State Agrarian University, Dniepropetrovsk

(Ukraine) 17. Prof. dr Ilija osi, dean, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Scientific, Novi Sad (Serbia) 18. Prof. dr Predrag osi, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Naval Architecture,

Zagreb (Croatia) 19. Prof. dr George Dobre, University Politehnica, Bucharest (Romania) 20. Prof. dr Alexandre Dolgui, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne (France) 21. Prof. dr emal Dolianin, rector, University of Novi Pazar, Technical Faculty, Novi Pazar (Serbia) 22. Prof. dr. Branislav Dragovi, vice-dean, Maritime Faculty, University of Montenegro, Kotor (Montenegro) 23. Prof. dr Ljuben Dudesku, vice-dean, University of Skopje, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Skopje

(Macedonia) 24. Prof. dr Petru Dusa, Technical University Gh. Asachi, Faculty of Mechanics, Iai (Romania) 25. Prof. dr Ljubodrag orevi, University of Union, Faculty of Industrial Management, Kruevac (Serbia) 26. Prof. dr Vladan orevi, academician, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,

Belgrade (Serbia) 27. Prof. dr Sabahudin Ekinovi, rector, University of Zenica, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Zenica

(Bosnia and Herzegovina) 28. Prof. dr Volodymir Fedorinov, rector, Donbass State Machinery Academy, Kramatorsk (Ukraine) 29. Prof. dr Milomir Gai, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kraljevo (Serbia) 30. Prof. dr Manfred Geiger, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (Germany) 31. Prof. dr Anatoly Ivanovich Grabchenko, National Technical University, Kharkov Polytechnical Institute,

Kharkov (Ukraine) 32. Prof. dr Nicolae Valentin Ivan, University Transilvania of Brasov, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,

Brasov (Romania) 33. Prof. dr Ratomir Jemenica, University of Kragujevac, Technical Faculty, aak (Serbia) 34. Prof. dr Milan Jurkovi, University of Biha, Technical Faculty, Biha (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 35. Prof. dr Isak Karabegovi, dean, University of Biha, Technical Faculty, Biha (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 36. Prof. dr Baki Karami, Erciyes University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kaysei (Turkey) 37. Prof. dr Branko Katalini, University of Vienna, Vienna (Austria)

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38. Prof. dr Veijo Kauppinen, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo (Finland) 39. Prof. dr Marianna Kazimierska - Grebosz, Technical University of Lodz, Faculty of General Mechanics,

Lodz (Poland) 40. Dr Sergei A. Klimenko, Director of Association of Mashine Bulding Technologists of the Ukraine -

ATMU, Kiev (Ukraine) 41. Prof. dr Karel Kocman, Technical University of Brno, Brno (Szech Republic) 42. Prof. dr Janez Kopac, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ljubljana (Slovenia) 43. Prof. dr Marian Kralik, vice-dean, Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,

Bratislava (Slovakia) 44. Prof. dr Zdravko Krivokapi, vice-dean, University of Podgorica, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,

Podgorica (Montenegro) 45. Prof. dr Janos Kundrak, University of Miskolc, Faculty of Production Engineering, Miskolc, (Hungary) 46. Prof. dr Evgeniy A. Kundrashov, academician, State Technical University, Chita (Russia) 47. Prof. dr Cristian N. Madu, Pace University, Lubin School of Bussiness, New York (USA) 48. Prof. dr Velibor Marinkovi, University of Ni, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ni (Serbia) 49. Prof. dr Vlatko Marui, University of Osijek, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Slavonski Brod (Croatia) 50. Prof. dr Ostoja Mileti, vice-rector, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Banja

Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 51. Prof. dr Onisifor Olaru, dean, University Constantin Brancusi of Tg-Jiu, Faculty of Engineering, Tg-Jiu

(Romania) 52. Prof dr Constantin Oprean, rector, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu (Romania) 53. Prof. dr Liviu Palaghian, vice-dean, University of Galati, Galati (Romania) 54. Prof. dr. Nam Kyu Park, Tongmyong University, Busan (Korea) 55. Prof. dr Jozef Peterka, vice-dean, Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Material Sciences and

Technology of Trnava, Trnava (Slovakia) 56. Prof. dr Georgios Petropoulos, University of Thessaly, Faculty of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering,

Volos (Greece) 57. Prof. dr Narcisa Popescu, University Politehnica, Bucharest (Romania) 58. Prof. dr Stanislaw Pytko, Technical University of Krakow, Krakow (Poland) 59. Prof. dr. Zoran Radmilovi, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade

(Serbia) 60. Prof. dr Sneana Radonji, vice-dean, University of Kragujevac, Technical Faculty, aak (Serbia) 61. Prof. dr Miroslav Radovanovi, University of Ni, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ni (Serbia) 62. Prof. dr Georgi Rashev, dean, Technical University of Gabrovo, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,

Gabrovo (Bulgaria) 63. Prof. dr. Milorad Rakovi, dean, Maritime Faculty, University of Montenegro, Kotor (Montenegro) 64. Prof. dr. Dong-Keun Ryoo, College of International Studies, Korea Maritime University, Busan (Korea) 65. Prof. dr Igor Sergeevich Sazonov, rector, Belarusian-Russian University (BRU), Mogilev (Belarus) 66. Prof. dr Adolfo Senatore, University of Salermo, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Fisciano (Italy) 67. Prof. dr Ivana Simi, University of Ni, Faculty of Economics, Ni (Serbia) 68. Prof. dr Dimitri Yu. Skubov, State Technical University of Sankt Petersburg, Sankt Petersburg (Russia) 69. Prof. dr Georgy Slynko, academician, Zaporozhye National Engineering University, Zaporozhye (Ukraine) 70. Prof. dr Mirko Sokovi, vice-dean, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ljubljana

(Slovenia) 71. Prof. dr Viktor Starkov, Moscow State Technological University, Moscow (Russia) 72. Prof. dr Ljubodrag Tanovi, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade (Serbia) 73. Prof. dr Oleg Vasilevich Taratynov, academician, Moscow State Industrial University, Moscow (Russia) 74. Prof. dr Mirela Toth-Tascau, Politehnica University of Timioara, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,

Timioara (Romania) 75. Prof. dr Nikolaos Vaxevanidis, Institute of Pedagogical & Technological Education, N. Heraklion Attikis

(Greece) 76. Prof. dr Karol Velisek, Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Material Sciences and Technology of

Trnava, Trnava (Slovakia) 77. Prof. dr Edward Walicki, University of Zielona Gora, Faculty of Mechanics, Zielona Gora (Poland) 78. Prof. dr Ton vad der Wiele, Erasmus University, Rotterdam School of Management, Rotterdam

(Netherlands) 79. Prof. dr Carol Zoller, University of Petrosani, Faculty for Mechanical and Electrical Engineers, Petrosani

(Romania) 80. Prof.dr Jeroslav ivani, dean, University of Kragujevac, Technical Faculty, aak (Serbia) 81. Prof. dr Dragan ivkovi, High Technical School, Zrenjanin (Serbia)

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VII

P R E F A C E The First Conference Research and Development in Chemical and Mechanical Industry - RaDMI 2001 was held upon the initiative of Predrag Dai and prof. dr Miroslav Radovanovi in Kruevac from October 22-24, 2001. Until now, 9 conferences were realized. The conference accepted and published over 1.500 papers, from which 1.100 were from abroad from 40 various countries of the world. Total number of authors and coauthors is over 2.000. Papers of the 8th conferences were published in 16 proceedings in hard copy and 8 proceedings in electronic form (CD-ROM). Amount of printed material was approximately 11.000 pages. Some papers from the 8th International conference RaDMI 2008 will be printed in special issue of international journal from SCI-E paper Strojniki Vestnik Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 55, no. 2 (2009) (Web site: http://en.sv-jme.eu/). Tenth International Conference Research and Development in Mechanical Industry RaDMI 2010 will be held on 1619th September 2010 in Donji Milanovac, Serbia. Topics of the Conference RaDMI 2010 are:

Plenary Session: Invitation papers, with 18 papers; Session A: Research and development of manufacturing systems, tools and technologies, new

materials and production design, with 52 papers; Session B: Transport systems and logistics, with 9 papers; Session C: Application of information technologies in mechanical engineering, with 23 papers; Session D: Quality management, ISO 9000, ISO 14000, TQM and management in mechanical

engineering, with 49 papers; Session E: Application of mechanical engineering in other industrial fields, with 50 papers.

The aim of organizing the Conference is: animating scientists from the faculties and institutes and experts from the industry and their connecting and collaboration, and exchanging the experiences and knowledge of domestic and foreign scientists and experts. On behalf of the organizers, we would like to extend our thanks to all organizations and institutions that have supported the initiative to have this anniversary gathering organized. We would also like to extend our thanks to all authors and participants from abroad and from the country for contribution to this conference. This Tenth International Conference RaDMI is entirely dedicated to the late Prof. dr Georgios Petropoulos, our friend and active participant in all the previous conferences. Donji Milanovac, September 2010. CHAIRMAN OF ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Predrag Dai, prof.

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C O N T E N T S

Volume 1

PLENARY SESSION (INVITATION PAPERS)

P-1. Petropoulos G. (Volos Greece), Dai P. (Vrnjaka Banja Serbia), Vaxevanidis N. M. (Attikis Greece) RESEARCH OF PROCESSED SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN FIELD OF METALWORKING

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P-2. Vaxevanidis N. M., Galanis N. (Attikis Greece), Dai P. (Vrnjaka Banja Serbia), Fountas N. (Attikis Greece) PRODUCTION ROUTES TOWARDS CLEAN CUTTING: DRY, HARD AND HIGH SPEED MACHINING

11

P-3. Fedorinov V., Kovalevskyy S. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODERN SYSTEMS OF AUTOMATED DESIGNING OF MACHINES ON KOKHONENA'S CARDS

19

P-4. Arora P.K. (Ghaziabad India), Haleem A. (New Delhi - India), Singh M. K. (Mathura India) OPTIMAL DESIGN OF CELLULAR MANYFSCTURING SYSTEMS: A REVIEW

32

P-5. Toth-Tascau M., Rusu L. (Timisoara Romania) MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A TESTING DEVICE OF A LUMBAR SPINE STABILIZATION SYSTEM

38

P-6. Buido T., Ursu M.P. (Oradea Romania) THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ABOUT THE WIRE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING OF THE ACTIVE PARTS OF MOULDS

48

P-7. Bonjak S., Zrni N., Gai V., Petkovi Z. (Belgrade Serbia) CHANGEABILITY AS A BASIC WORKING LOAD CHARACTERISTIC OF MACHINES FOR MECHANIZATION

58

P-8. Dragovi B. (Kotor Montenegro), Park N.K. . (Busan Republic of Korea), Metrovi R. (Kotor Montenegro), Zrni N. (Belgrade Serbia) PORT SEASIDE LINK AS FINITE WAITING SPACE BULK QUEUEING SYSTEMS

68

P-9. Marinkovi A. (Belgrade Serbia), Milosavljevi M. (Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia),Vukovi G., oli M., Uskokovi P.(Belgrade Serbia) AMINO-FUNCTIONALIZATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES

75

P-10. Park N.K., Lim C. (Busan Republic of Korea), Dragovi B. (Kotor Montenegro) SYSTEM DYNAMIC MODEL OF TRANSSHIPMENT PORT CHOICE

83

P-11. Yordanov S., Ilarionov R., Simeonov I., Kilifarev H., Ibrishimov H. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) NON-CONTACT ULTRASONIC INVESTIGATION OF THE STEEL HARDNESS

90

P-12. Marui V. (Slavonski Brod Croatia), Rozing G. (Osijek Croatia), Novoselac V. (Slavonski Brod Croatia) ACTUALITY OF THE APPLICATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL REGULATORS AT REDUCING LOSSES IN OIL PRESSING FACTORY

99

P-13. Pehan S., Kegl M., Kegl B. (Maribor Slovenia) ANALYSIS OF FRICTION IN SMALL ENGINES USING VARIOUS OILS

106

P-14. Slavkovic R, Jugovic Z., Milicevic I., Popovic M. (aak Serbia) APPLICATION OF MODAL ANALYSIS IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF VIBRATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT

115

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P-15. Jevti D., Zaki D., Savi A. ( Belgrade Serbia) STATE-OF-THE-ART IN THE FIELD OF TOUGHNESS EVALUATION OF FIBER REINFORCED CEMENT COMPOSITES

128

P-16. Petkovi D., oki J., Mini D. (Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia) BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSING DEVICES FOR ENVRONMENTAL IMPACT REDUCTION IN SECONDARY LEAD PRODUCTION

140

P-17. Andjelkovi Pei M. (Ni Serbia) THE POSSIBLLE WAYS OF THE SIX SIGMA CONCEPT IMPROVEMENT

150

P-18. Radosavljevi S. (Lazarevac Serbia), Dai P. (Vrnjaka Banja Serbia), epanovi S. (Belgrade Serbia) RISK MANAGAMENT FROM MINING - APPLICATION FMECA METHODS

157

SESSION A RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS, TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES, NEW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTION DESIGN

A-1. Bagnaru D.G., Cataneanu A., Cataneanu M. (Craiova Romania) CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE VIBRATIONS OF GEAR WHEELS

169

A-2. Bagnaru D.G., Cataneanu A., Cataneanu M. (Craiova Romania) THE COMPATATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE CROSS DISPLACEMENTS FIELD OF A REPOSE LINEAR-VISCOELASTIC BAR AND THE SAME BAR, BEING THE CONNECTING ROD OF A CRANK GEAR

175

A-3. Balashev I. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) PROFILE ELASTIC COUPLINGS

181

A-4. Boji N. (Arilje Srbija), Jugovi Z. (aak Serbia) ANALYSIS OF STRESS IN PLATES WITH HOLES

189

A-5. Bolundu I.L. (Petrosani Romania) CONSTRUCTION OF DRILLING EQUIPMENTS

199

A-6. Bran I, Rou R., Popescu M., Opri C., Li M. (Timisoara Romania) EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES TO OBTAIN HYDROXYAPATITE BIOCOMPATIBLE MICROLAYERS BY HVOF THERMAL SPRAYING METHOD

205

A-7. Chiculita S., Spanu C., Ciortan S. (Galati Romania) SURFACE QUALITY MODIFICATIONS UNDER SLIDING INDENTATION TEST

210

A-8. Copaci I. (Arad Romania), Tnsoiu B. (Napoca Romania), Tnsoiu A. (Arad Romania) ON THE EFFECTS CAUSED BY THE SHOCK DUEING RAILWAY VEHICLE BUFFING

214

A-9. amagi I. (Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia), Burzi Z. (Belgrade Serbia), Cvetkovi S. (Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia) THE ANALYSIS OF THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE FROM THE ASPECT OF THE APPLICATION OF THE PARAMETRES OF THE FRACTURE MECHANICS FOR A WELDED JOINT OF LOW-ALLOY STEEL WITH HIGHER SOLIDITY IN THE PRESENCE OF CRACKS

225

A-10. Dai P. (Vrnjaka Banja Serbia), Barac N., Andjelkovi A. (Ni Serbia) STRUCTURE AND CONCEPT OF E-MANUFACTURING

234

A-11. urii Lj., Petrovi R., Zdravkovi N., Bokovi G. (Kraljevo Serbia) SELECTION OF OPERATING PARAMETERS AND SYNCHRONIZATION OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS

238

A-12. Fleser T. (Timisoara Romania) EVALUATION OF LOAD BEHAVIOR IN CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT, NON-ALLOYD STEEL WELDED JOINTS

244

A-13. Fleser T., Szuhanek C. (Timisoara Romania) CHARACTERIZATION OF WELDED JOINTS OF THIN NiTi WIRES AND STRIPS

250

A-14. Gavrish P.A., Tulupov V.I. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) PRELIMINARY HEATING AT WELDING OF COPPER WITH STEEL

256

A-15. Ghiba M.O., Dreucean M., Prejbeanu R., Vermesan D. (Timisoara Romania) RAPID PROTOTYPING IN THE CREATION OF HIP IMPLANTS WITH 3D LATTICE STRUCTURES

259

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A-16. Golubovi D. (aak Serbia), Mijatovi M. (Trstenik Serbia) STATIC TESTING NPU3 MEHATRNICKOG AID EQUIPMENT

263

A-17. Janjuevi Lj., Kutin M., Radojkovi B. (Belgrade Serbia) FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING AND THE USE OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS WITHIN

267

A-18. Korchak E.S. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) CREATING RELIABLE CONTROL SYSTEMS OF HYDRAULIC PRESSES RETURN CYLINDERS

274

A-19. Kovalevskyy S., Tulupov V. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) ALGORITHM OF CALCULATION OF CONDITIONS EILWH

278

A-20. Kovalevskyy S., Tulupov V.(Kramatorsk Ukraine) DETERMINATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS BY ELECTRO-IMPULSE LATHE WORK HARDENING

283

A-21. Kovalov V.D., Klymenko G.P., Tkachenko M. A., Vasylchenko Y.V. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) CUTTING TOOL WEAR OPERATING ON HEAVY LATHE

287

A-22. Kudina E.F., Pechersky G.G. (Gomel Belarus) DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-RESTORING GEL-LIKE POLYFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

294

A-23. Kumar H. (New Delhi India), Sharma C. (Delhi India), Gupta S. (Chandigarh India) DEFLECTION STUDIES OF A FORCE TRANSDUCER

300

A-24. Lazarevi A. (Belgrade Serbia), Marinkovi V., Lazarevi D. (Ni Serbia) EXPANDED NON-LINEAR MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN THE THEORY OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A CASE STUDY

304

A-25. Lorena G.D., Alina M.C., Ciortan N.S. (Galati Romania) SURFACE QUALITY EVALUATED BY 3D FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS

311

A-26. Marii I., Golubovi D. (aak Serbia) COMPARISON BETWEEN ANALYTICAL, EXPERIMENTAL AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALISYS DATA FOR RUPTURED FORCE OF WELDED CONSTRUCTION

319

A-27. Mari A. (Kruevac Serbia), Risti O. (aak Serbia), orevi Lj. (Trstenik Serbia) THE FAULT TREE AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS IN PROCESS INDUSTRY

324

A-28. Mijajlovi M., Mili D., uranovi M. (Ni Serbia) HEAT GENERATION TEMPERATURE PHASES OF THE FSW PROCESS

331

A-29. Mijatovi M. (Trstenik Serbia), Golubovi D. (aak Serbia) PROGRAMMABLE DYNAMIC TESTS OF ELEMENTS AND COMPLEX STRUCTURES BY MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS

337

A-30. Mili D., Mijajlovi M. (Ni Serbia), Radojevi M. (Rataje Serbia) WOOD FURNITURE PARAMETRIC MODELING AS AN INTERIOR DESIGN STRATEGY

346

A-31. Miti S. (Ni Serbia) INFLUENCE OF THE PLATE GEOMETRY ON THE STABILITY OF A PLATE WITH TWO FIELDS

354

A-32. Miti S. (Ni Serbia) STABILITY OF STEPPED PLATES WITH A CLAMPED EDGE

360

A-33. Nedeff V., Panainte M., Macarescu B.C., Mosnegutu E., Ristea M. (Bacau Romania) REDUCING POLLUTION FROM ELECTRICITY -DUSTING FACILITY MODERNIZATION FROM ENDOWMENT A LARGE COMBUSTION PLANTS

366

A-34. Nenchev P., Anchev A. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) RESEARCH OF THE RELAXATION PROCESSES OBSERVED DURING THE WORK OF HYPER ELASTIC MATERIAL IN CLOSED CELL

372

A-35. Nikoli R. (Kraljevo Serbia), orevi Lj., Trifunovi D. (Trstenik Serbia) MODEL OF TEMPERATURE FIELD IN THE CUTTING TOOL DURING DRY MACHINING AS A BASIS FOR RESEARCHING THE NEW COOLING SYSTEMS

378

A-36. Oleshchuk O., Popel O., Kopytchuk M. (Odessa Ukraine) MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DYNAMIC IMAGES

384

A-37. Petkov T., Andreev H. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) MICROCONTROLER MEASURING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRO-MECHANICAL DEVICES

391

A-38. Petrovi R., urii Lj., Zdravkovi N., Bokovi G. (Kraljevo Serbia) IDENTIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF HYDRAULIC PNEUMATIC CILINDAR PARAMETERS

397

A-39. Podaru G., Ciortan S., Birsan I. G. (Galati Romania) THERMAL ASPECTS OF RUBBER LIP SEAL - POLYMER ROD COUPLE BEHAVIOR IN DRY SLIDING CONDITIONS

404

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A-40. Roganov M., Roganov L., Korotenko Y. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) CONSTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES OF IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF MACHINE TOOLS

408

A-41. Rudnev A.V. (Kharkov Ukraine) RESEARCH OF DIAMOND WHEEL PRODUCTIVITY WHILE MACHINING FINE-GRAINED DIAMOND HARD PLATES

411

A-42. Simeonov S., Tsvetanov G., Nencheva D. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) LOST MOTION OF TOOTH GEARINGS OF ASYMMETRIC TOOTH PROFILE

416

A-43. Slavkovi R., Dui N. (aak Serbia), Zdravkovi N. (Kraljevo Serbia), Bokovi N. (aak Serbia) THE METHODOLOGY OF VIBRATION ISOLATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

421

A-44. Spanu C., Ciortan S., Birsan I., Mereuta V. (Galati Romania) METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING MACHINE PARTS DESIGN BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWOKS

431

A-45. Stanca I., Popa T., Bungu C. . (Oradea Romania) A MICROSCOPIC MODEL FOR THE ORIGIN OF PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT IN HTSC YBCO THIN FILMS

438

A-46. Todorovi M. (Trstenik Serbia), Dedi M. (Kraljevo Serbia), ajetinac S., Jevremovi V. (Trstenik Serbia) DETERMINATION OF DEFLECTION AND SLOPE OF SPATIAL TRUSS BEAMS BY CONTINUUM MODELLING

442

A-47. Velji M. (Beograd Serbia), Pozhidaeva V. (Sofia Bulgaria), ivkovi D., Medenica M. (Beograd Serbia) OPERATING READINESS OF DISC PLOUGHS AS A CRITERION FOR SUCCESFULNESS OF ITS MAINTENANCE

448

A-48. Vigaru C., Rusu L. (Timisoara Romania) EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF VIBRATIONS AT WEAVING MACHINE IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY SOURCES OF VIBRATION

454

A-49. Vreki S. (Kragujevac Serbia) EFFECTS FROM DEVELOPMENT OF EURO STANDARDS AND PROMOTION USE OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS

460

A-50. Vodolazskaya N. (Donetsk Ukraine), Iskritzskiy V. (Kramatorsk Ukraine), Vodolazskaya E. (Donetsk Ukraine) CALCULATION METHODS OF WORKING PARAMETERS OF THE MESHING MECHANISM OF RARELY IMPACT WRENCH WITH INERTIAL MESHING

466

A-51. Zdravkovi N., Gai M., Savkovi M., Markovi G. (Kraljevo Serbia) LOAD ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICULATING BOOM SECTIONS OF THE MOBILE ELEVATING WORK PLATFORM IN RELATION TO THE OPERATOR BASKET POSITION

474

A-52. Zhelezarova D., Angelov I. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) ALGORITHM FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF METAL ACCORDING TO THE CRITERION OF DEFECT GROWTH AT SYMMETRICAL CYCLIC LOADING

483

SESSION B TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND LOGISTICS

B-1. Dragovi B. (Kotor Montenegro), Ryoo D-K. (Busan Korea), Kova N., kuri M. (Kotor Montenegro) LITERATURE REVIEW OF ADVANCED MODELING TECHNIQUES FOR CONTAINER TERMINAL PLANNING

489

B-2. Dragovi B., Zrni N. (Kotor Montenegro) CONTAINER SHIPS EVOLUTION: IMPLICATION FOR QUAY CRANES DEVELOPMENT

498

B-3. Gurning S., Cahoon S. (Tasmania Australia) THE CYCLES OF MARITIME DISRUPTIONS IN THE AUSTRALIAN INDONESIAN WHEAT SUPPLY CHAIN

505

B-4. Park N.K., Heo S.K., Dragovi B. (Busan Republic of Korea) MOBILE HARBOR CONCEPT FOR SHORT SEA SHIPING

513

XIII

B-5. Park N.K., Lu Bo. (Busan Republic of Korea) PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE CONTAINER PORTS WITH DEA

519

B-6. Radmilovi Z. (Belgrade Serbia), Markolovi T. (Kotor Montenegro) QUEUE LENGTH OF INDIVIDUAL SHIPS AT INDEPENDENT WATERWAY LOCKS

526

B-7. kuri M., Dragovi B., Markolovi T., Jovovi D. (Kotor Montenegro) CONTAINER YARD MODELING AND HANDLING EQUIPMENT

530

B-8. Urdea G.B., Itu V., Dumitrescu I., Cozma B.Z. (Petroani Romania) SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT AT LIVEZENI MINE

537

B-9. Zrni N., orevi M., Bonjak S. (Belgrade Serbia), Dragovi B. (Kotor Montenegro) DEVELOPMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES FOR RTG CONTAINER CRANES

543

SESSION C APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

C-1. Aleksandrov S., ajetinac S., elija D. (Trstenik Serbia) DIDACTIC SYSTEM FESTO MPS - SORTING STATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF MECHATRONICS

549

C-2. Bili S. (Slavonski Brod Croatia), Misiraa D. (Gradika Bosnia and Herzegovina), Bili H. (Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina), Rajili S. (Novi Grad Bosnia and Herzegovina) COMPUTER USAGE IN CALCULATEING THE EXPENDITURE OF REINFORCEMENT

554

C-3. Cveji R. (Belgrade Serbia) COMMERCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATICS AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

560

C-4. Cveji R. (Belgrade Serbia), Pavlovi V. (Novi Sad Serbia), oki G. (Novi Sad Serbia) PROVIDING INFORMATION SECURITY IN BUSINESS SYSTEMS AND ELECTRONIC BUSINESS

565

C-5. ajetinac S., elija D., Aleksandrov S., Todorovi M. (Trstenik Serbia) PWM CONTROL OF THE PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR BY PLC CONTROLLER

572

C-6. Damnjanovi Z., Petrovi D., Mili V., Pantovi R. (Bor Serbia) ICT AND THERMOGRAPHY IN MINING INDUSTRY

578

C-7. Debelac C, Nstac S, MCUT S. (Galati Romania) ADVANCES ON COMPUTATIONAL DYNAMICS OF WHEEL LOADER BUCKET CHARGING

584

C-8. Eri D. (aak Serbia) METHOD FINITE ELEMENTS FOR ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT CONCURRENT ENGINEERING

590

C-9. Ilarionov R., Kartunov S. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) WORKING OUT A SYSTEM FOR ECOLOGICAL MONITORING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ZONES AND OUT- OF -TOWN TERRITORIES IN BULGARIA, BASED IN INFORMATIONAL INTERNET ENVIRONMENT

595

C-10. Jovani P. (Belgrade Serbia), Damnjanovi Z., Petrovi D. (Bor Serbia) THERMAL ANALISIS OF SCHRS 800 CONTINUOUS EXCAVATOR CONSTRUCTION FRAME ON OPEN PIT DRMNO

600

C-11. Kartunov S., Rachev P. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL ERRORS ON BASIS OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS INFORMATION MODEL

610

C-12. Marjanovi Z., Brzakovi R. (Kragujevac Serbia) INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

614

C-13. Maovi S. (Belgrade Serbia), Saraevi M. (Ni Serbia), Milovi B. (Subotica Serbia), Kamberovi H. (Novi Pazar Serbia) INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR ESTABLISHING E-HEALTH

624

C-14. Mihalcea S., Stnescu N.D. (Piteti Romania) CAM SYNTHESIS FOR A TIMING MECHANISM WITH MECHANICAL VARIABLE VALVE LIFT

632

XIV

C-15. Mikhov M.R., Mitrinski G.D. (Sofia Bulgaria) ANALYSIS OF SOME ALGORITHMS FOR POSITION CONTROL OF TWO-COORDINATE DRIVING SYSTEMS

638

C-16. Miki D. (Gornji Milanovac Serbia), Aonja A. (Novi Sad Serbia) SOLVING INVERSE KINEMATICS WITHOUT APPLYING THE MATRIX ROTATION

644

C-17. Robertov P., Pulov D., Deneva D. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) ELECTRONIC OPTIMETER

651

C-18. Saraevi M. (Ni Serbia), Maovi S. (Belgrade Serbia) , Meedovi E. (Ni Serbia) APPLICATION OF OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN IN NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSPORT NETWORKS

656

C-19. Shopov N. (Plovdiv Bulgaria), Ilarionov R. Simeonov I., Kilifarev H., Ibrishimov H. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF WATER-ETHANOL BINARY MIXTURES

664

C-20. erifi V. (aak Serbia), Cveji R. (Belgrade Serbia) MANAGEMENT AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

671

C-21. Yordanov S., Ivanov S., Nenov T. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR CONTROL OF PROCESSES OF EXPERIMENTAL ANAEROBIC BIOREACTOR

680

C-22. Yordanov S., Simeonov I., Ilarionov R., Kilifarev H., Ibrishimov H., Madjarov N. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) INTELLIGENT ULTRASONIC SENSOR

686

C-23. Zaharia S.M., Martinescu I. (Brasov Romania) ACCELERATED LIFE TEST MODEL FOR LIFE PREDICTION OF A INDUSTRIAL PRODUSCT USING MONTE CARLO SIMULATION

691

Volume 2

SESSION D QUALITY MANAGEMENT, ISO 9000, ISO 14000, TQM AND MANAGEMENT IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

D-1. Avdagi M. (Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina) TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT THE FOUNDATION OF SOCIAL CHANGES

697

D-2. Avramovi M. (Leskovac Serbia) QUALITY MANAGEMENT SERVICES

702

D-3. Azemovi N., Haderi E. (Novi Pazar Serbia) TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN FUNCTION OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL USERS

708

D-4. Badi M. (Novi Pazar Serbia) SECURITY INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES IN THE TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT DANGEROUS

712

D-5. Bataveljic D. (Kragujevac Serbia) AIR CARE IN SERBIA AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO MAINTENANCE OF ECOLOGICAL BALANCE

720

D-6. Bioanin R. (Novi Pazar Serbia), Lojanii R. (Berane Montenegro), Martinovi B. (Prijepolje Serbia) BIO-EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION AND PROTECTION

726

D-7. Boji B., Peuli V., Djodji T. (Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina) KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN CREATING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

734

D-8. Bojovi P., Kari D., Ivanovi A. (Beograd Serbia) FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF STOCK MANAGEMENT IN PRODUCTION, INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER COMPANIES

741

XV

D-9. Bugariu D., Toth-Tascu M., Bereteu L. (Timisoara Romania) MODELING AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF TWO TYPES OF TOTAL KNEE PROSTHESES

747

D-10. api M., Luki Lj. (Kraljevo Serbia) INTEGRATED MODEL OF BUSINESS PROCESS AS A KEY TO THE INTEGRATION OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

753

D-11. orevi V., Lepojevi V., Jankovi-Mili V. (Ni Serbia) SAMPLING PROCEDURE FACTORS IN STATISTICAL INFERENCE

759

D-12. Gerasymchuk V.H. (Kiev Ukraine) CHNOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OF INDUSTRY AS A BASIS FOR IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF STATES

765

D-13. Gherghel S., Indrie L., Prichici M. (Oradea Romania) TECHNO-ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF APPLYING QUALITY OF MAINTENANCE TO INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT

774

D-14. Huduti E. (Novi Pazar Serbia), Muratovi . (Belgrade Serbia), Milisavljevi J. (Novi Pazar Serbia) INTEREST RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKS

780

D-15. Ivovi J. (Pe Serbia) STANDARDIZATION AND LABELING AS THE ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE PRODUCT

784

D-16. Krivun V.S., Korchak E.S. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) CREATING OBJECTS OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY IS THE PLEDGE OF EFFECTIVE TECHNICAL EDUCATION

791

D-17. Knivald M. (Belgrade Serbia) IMPACT OF WORLD ECONOMIC CRISIS ON INDUSTRY AND APPLYING OF ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

794

D-18. Kranovi D., iki M., Rajkovi R. (Bor Serbia) DETERMINING THE REAL MINIMUM WIDTH OF WORKING SPACE FOR TRUCKS ON THE OPEN PITS

801

D-19. Labovi D. (Belgrade Serbia), Dimitrijevi M. (Ni Serbia) CREDIT SPECIFIC FINANCIAL PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO RISK AND NETTING

805

D-20. Mijailovi J. (Novi Sad Serbia), Rajakovi J. (abac Serbia), Doljanica S. (Kragujevac Serbia) MOTIVATION AS A FACTOR IN THE SUCCESS OF THE MODERN COMMERCIAL SOCIETY IN SERBIA

812

D-21. Mkva M., Paulov I. (Trnava Slovak Republic) MEET CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS = CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

821

D-22. Momcilovic O. (Belgrade Serbia), Rajakovic V. (Novi Sad Serbia) , Doljanica D. (Belgrade Serbia) SATISFACTION IN HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS

826

D-23. Niin N., Niin S. (Belgrade Serbia), Milenkovi . (Kruevac Serbia) FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - MEASURING THE SUCCESS OF THE COMPANY

833

D-24. Nikezi S., Badic M., Biocanin R., Matic M. (Novi Pazar Serbia) DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODEL AND ITS INFLUENCE ON QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

839

D-25. Nikoli S. (Kruevac Serbia), Cvetkovi Z., Radomirovi J. (Ni Serbia) REENGINEERING AS AN EFFICIENT SOLUTION TO REDESIGN ACTIVITIES AND PROCESSES OF AN ENTERPRISE

846

D-26. Nikolic S. (Kruevac Serbia), Tesanovic B., Arsic S. (Belgrade Serbia) REENGINEERING AS AN EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO REDESIGN THE ACTIVITIES AND PROCESSES OF AN ENTERPRISE

850

D-27. Ostafiychuk A.V. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) FORMATION OF COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION OF EMPLOYEES ON THE MISSION AND STRATEGY OF ENTERPRISE

857

D-28. Peci Lj. (Trstenik Serbia) CONTROLING PERFORMACES OF THE COMPANY

862

D-29. Peci Lj. (Trstenik Serbia) MANAGING AND CORPORATION MANAGEMENT

867

XVI

D-30. Radovi D. (Kruevac Serbia) , Anii J. (Belgrade Serbia) , Sajfert Z. (Zrenjanin Serbia), Radovi B. (Belgrade Serbia) REAL SECTOR IN SERBIA BETWEEN TRANSITION AND CRISIS

871

D-31. Skorobogatova N., Andros S. (Kiev Ukraine) ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS TO UKRAINE

880

D-32. Stankovic B. (Novi Pazar Serbia) LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR REFORM ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MARKETS RAILWAY LIBERALIZATION

887

D-33. Stankovi J., Jankovi-Mili V., Pei M. (Ni Serbia) MODELS OF LIFE INSURANCE

893

D-34. Stankovi J., Todorovi O., Pei M. (Ni Serbia) QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR MEASURING OPERATIONAL RISK

898

D-35. Stankovi S., Todorovi O., Stankovi J. (Ni Serbia) THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC CAPITAL FOR RISK MANAGEMANT IN BANKS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

903

D-36. Stefanov S., Vojinovi-Miloradov M., Sokolovi S., Bancov . (Novi Sad Serbia) MONITORING OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS IN COMPLEX PROCESS SYSTEM

908

D-37. Stefanov S., Vojinovi Miloradov M., Sokolovi S., Bancov . (Novi Sad Serbia) THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CONTROL AND REDUCTION OF POLLUTION IN POLYOLEPHINIC COMPLEXES

917

D-38. erifi V., uri S. (aak Serbia), Dai P. (Vrnjaka Banja Serbia) ONE ALGORITHM OF IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS OF THE INVESTMENT BUILDING PROJECT

927

D-39. erifi V. (aak Serbia), Dai P. (Vrnjaka Banja Serbia), uri S. (aak Serbia) ALGORITHM OF THE PROCESS OF DECISION-MAKING, DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION IN INVESTMENT BUILDING

933

D-40. evi D., Beker I. (Novi Sad Serbia), Mari A. (Kruevac Serbia) DESIGN BASED ON THE PROBABILISTIC APPROACH

940

D-41. Tahirbegovi S., Terhani E. (Novi Pazar Serbia) ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

945

D-42. Topliceanu L. (Bacau Romania) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND LIFE CYCLE ASSESMENT

953

D-43. Toovi-Spahali S., Mrgud V., Kovaevi S. (Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina) MODELING THE PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTROL OF MONITORING AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS (ISO 9001:2000)

959

D-44. Toth-Tascau M., Menyhardt K. (Timisoara Romania) INFLUENCE OF THE DENAVIT-HARTENBERG PARAMETERS ON ROBOT POSITIONING ACCURACY

965

D-45. Trnavac D. (Kruevac Serbia) FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INVESTMENT-A CLIMATE IN SERBIA

971

D-46. Vaov J., Kuerov M. (Trnava Slovak Republic) CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT

975

D-47. Varagi R. (Belgrade Serbia), Badi M., Bioanin R. (Novi Pazar Serbia), Varagi M. (Belgrade Serbia) ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT IN THE FUNCTION OF IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENT

979

D-48. Vidovi A. (Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina) QUALITY MANAGEMENT WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO STANDARDS-ISO 9001 AND ISO 14000

990

D-49. Zhelezarov I. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) IMPROVEMENT OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

994

XVII

SESSION E APPLICATION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN OTHER INDUSTRIAL FIELDS

E-1. Aonja A. (Novi Sad - Serbia), Miki D. (Gornji Milanovac - Serbia) THE ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF SUBSTITUTION OF CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF LUBRICATION WITH SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMATIC LUBRICATION

999

E-2. Arabadzhieva N., Petrishki N., Shopov N. (Plovdiv Bulgaria) DETERMINING THE STRENGTH OF OPENING OF CARDBOARD BOXES

1005

E-3. Avdeenko A.P., Konovalova S.A., Avdeenko E.A. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE INVESTIGATION OF EMULSIONS USED FOR FORGING PRESS

1011

E-4. Avdeenko A.P., Konovalova S.A., Avdeenko E.A. (Kramatorsk Ukraine) PROCESSABILITY INVESTIGATION OF SALTS OF ACID ALKYLPHOSPHATES ON BASIS OF FATTY ALCOHOLS

1013

E-5. Bajmak . (Pritina Serbia) ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF LEPOSAVIC PIPELINE

1017

E-6. Bajmak . (Pritina Serbia) ANALYSIS DISTRICT COOLING . DEFINING THE TERM COEFFICIENT REMOTE REFRIGERATION (COEFFICIENT DISTRICT COOLING)

1025

E-7. Bajmak . (Pritina Serbia) DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE OF CENTRALIZED HOT WATER HEAT SUPPLY OF LEPOSAVIC

1035

E-8. Bajmak . (Pritina Serbia) ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM IN LEPOSAVIC

1043

E-9. Brkovi D., Milosavljevi M., Marinkovi A. (Beograd Serbia) A COMPARATIVE SYNTHESIS OF N-(SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)-O-ISOBUTYL THIOCARBAMATES

1051

E-10. Burya A.I. (Dnepetrovsk Ukraine), Tkachenko E.V. (Sevastopol Ukraine), Kolesnikov V.I. (Rostov Russia), Sychev A.P. (Dnepetrovsk Ukraine) ORGANOPLASTICS BASED ON POLYAMIDES. PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION IN INDUSTRY

1055

E-11. Craciun M., Dreucean F., Ioanovici G. (Timisoara Romania) QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR THE MEDICAL ACT BY MODULAR REMOTE INTENSIVE CARE TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM

1063

E-12. Dimova B. D. (Sofia Bulgaria) VERIFICATION OF THE APPROACH TO PREDICTING FATIGUE LIFE OF NOTCHED SPECIMENS OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS BASED ON TYPES AM50 AND AE42

1070

E-13. eki P., Temeljkovski D. (Ni Serbia), Nusev S. (Bitola Macedonia), Stefanovi V., Stoiljkovi M. (Ni Serbia) APPLICATION OF RECYCLED RUBBER IN PRODUCTION OF INSULATION PANELS

1076

E-14. Eri Obuina J. (Trstenik Serbia), Obuina V. (Kraljevo Serbia) MODELING OF HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM TRUCK

1082

E-15. Galin R., Atanasova Y., Hristov H., Petkov G. (Gabrovo Bulgaria), Fiskuchev S. (Rousse Bulgaria) SOLID-PHASE ZINC PLATING

1089

E-16. Galin R., Atanasova Y., Savekov R. (Gabrovo Bulgaria), Fiskuchev S. (Rousse Bulgaria) EQUIPMENT FOR THERMODIFFUSION ZINC COATING. CAPACITIES AND PROSPECS

1095

E-17. Guts V., Gubenia O. (Kyiv Ukraine), Stefanov S., Hadjiiski W. (Plovdiv Bulgaria) MODELLING OF FOOD PRODUCT CUTTING

1100

E-18. Hristov H.G. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) MORPHOLOGY OF WIDMANSTTTEN STRUCTURES OBTAINED IN HYPOEUTECTOID STEELS

1105

E-19. Itu V., Dumitrescu I., Ridzi M.C., Cozma B. Z. (Petroani Romania) STRAINS AND DISPLACEMENTS FROM THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOWER OF THE HOISTING INSTALLATION NEW SKIP OF PETRILA MINING PLANT

1108

E-20. Koeva D. (Sliven Bulgaria), Rachev S. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) AN ALTERNAIVE APPROACH OF BRUSHLESS MOTORS DESIGN

1114

XVIII

E-21. Lekic M., Cvejic S. (Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia) OSCILLATING SOLUTIONS OF LEGENDRES EQUATION AND LOCATION OF ZERO OSCILLATIONS

1120

E-22. Lekic M., Cvejic S. (Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia) STATIONARY POINTS OF ANALYTIC PERIODIC FUNCTIONS

1126

E-23. Litovchenko I. (Kyiv Ukraine), Mihaylov I., Stefanov S. (Plovdiv Bulgaria) MODELING OF SOME PROCESSES OF FILLING OF MINCE WITH ONE TYPE OF SPIRAL FEEDING MECHANISM

1132

E-24. Macuta S., Gheorghies C., Debeleac C. (Galai Romania) EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES OF THE INNER MICRODEFORMATIONS IN THE ROLLING TRIBOSYSTEMS

1138

E-25. Mijailovi S. (Gornji Milanovac Serbia), Golubovi D. (aak Serbia) PROGRAMMABLE TEACHING TOOL LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT IN TEACHING COMPUTER SCIENCE IN HIGH SCHOOL

1142

E-26. Milenkovi J., Levi S., Manojlovi V., Raji N., Bugarski B. (Belgrade Serbia), Suliman M. (Haifa Israel), Jemenica M., Nedovi V. (Belgrade Serbia) PRODUCTION OF ALGINATE/ZEOLITE ADSORBENT BY DIRECT EXTRUSION METHOD

1148

E-27. Milenkovi J., Levi S., ManojloviV., Raji N., Jovanovi M., Bugarski B., Nedovi V. (Belgrade Serbia) COPPER ADSORPTION BY ALGINAT AND ALGINAT/ZEOLITE BEADS

1153

E-28. Milisavljevi S. (Kosovska Motrovica Serbia), Milosavljevi M., Marinkovi A., Brkovi D. (Belgrade Serbia) DETERMINATION OF THE WATER QUALITY IN ACCORD WITH REGULATION OF WATER CLASSIFICATION

1158

E-29. Milojevi S., Radosavljevi D. (Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia), Pavievi V. (Belgrade Serbia), Markovi M. (Kosovska Mitrovica Serbia) SUBSTITUTION OF CONVENTIONAL FUELS FOR HEATING WITH GEOTHERMAL ENERGY CONTRIBUTION TO CLEANER PRODUCTION

1163

E-30. Mitev R. (Sofia Bulgaria), Hadjiiski W., Stefanov S., Sazdov C. (Plovdiv Bulgaria) MODELLING AND TESTING OF RESISTANCE PETALOID BOTTOM OF PET BOTTLES FOR CARBONATED DRINKS

1168

E-31. Nenov N., Tomchev P., Ivanova R. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) HIGH-FREQUENCY TRANSISTOR INVERTER FOR SOLDERING OF HARD-ALLOY PLATES

1174

E-32. Nenov N., Tomchev P., Ivanova R. (Gabrovo Bulgaria) INDUCTION HEATING IN COOPERAGE

1177

E-33. Pantovi R., Damnjanovi Z., Stojadinovi S. (Bor Serbia), Ignjatovi S. (Belgrade Serbia), Ignjatovic M. (Bor Serbia) EMPIRICAL PROCEEDURE FOR TYPE OF TRICONE BIT SELECTION ON OPEN PIT MINES

1181

E-34. Popescu M, Duma S.T., Locovei C. (Timioara Romania) EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH CONCERNING STRUCTURAL AND HARDNESS STABYLITY OF 100Cr6 STEEL MACHINE PARTS

1189

E-35. Rachev S., Koeva D.(Gabrovo Bulgaria) DYNAMIC STUDY OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP DRIVEN BY ELECTRIC INDUCTION MOTOR

1195

E-36. Radosavljevi S., epanovi S., Radosavljevi M. (Lazarevac Serbia) DIAGNOSTIC EXPERTS SYSTEMS BASED ON RISK IN MINING AND ENERGY

1203

E-37. Radovanovic D., Bukvic N., Todorovic B. (Sarajevo Bosna i Hercegovina) SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE COMPANY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - COCA - COLA HBC BH DOO SARAJEVO

1212

E-38. Sftescu-Jescu C., Stoia D.I., Bereteu L. (Timisoara Romania) CAD MODELING AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO IMPLANTED LUMBAR SPINE UNITS

1218

E-39. Slavov Z.D. (Varna Bulgaria) FIXED POINT PROPERTIES IN CONTINUOUS ENGINEERING MAXIMIZATION

1224

E-40. Slavov Z. (Varna Bulgaria), Evans C. (Washington USA), Slavova D. (Virginia USA) BASIC OPTIMAL CONCEPTS AND METHODS IN ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

1229

XIX

E-41. Stnescu N.D., Mihalcea S. (Piteti Romania) NORMAL FORMS FOR THE NON-LINEAR VIBRATIONS

1235

E-42. Stoia D.I., Toth-Tascau M. (Timisoara Romania) SOME BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF RAPID PROTOTYPING

1241

E-43. Stojanovi M., Kuli Z. (Lazarevac Serbia), Ristovi I. (Belgrade Serbia) IMPLEMENTATION OF STANDARDS ISO 14001 AND OHSAS 18001 IN LARGE MINING COMPANIES

1247

E-44. Sukachev V.V., Burya A. I. (Dniepropetrovsk Ukraine) ELASTOMERS MODIFICATION WITH SILICON-ORGANIC OLIGOURETHANISOCYANATES

1251

E-45. Tanasoiu A., Tanasoiu B., Copaci I. (Arad Romania) ON THE TRAVEL SAFETY OF TANK RAILWAY WAGONS

1256

E-46. Temeljkovski D. (Ni Serbia), Nusev S. (Bitola Macedonia), Rani B., eki P. (Ni Serbia) BALING MACHINES AS A CONSTITUENT PART OF THE WASTE RECYCLING SYSTEM

1262

E-47. Toth-Tascau M., VigaruC., Pasca O. (Timisoara Romania) METHODS FOR FOOTPRINTS AND PLANTAR ARCH INDEX DETERMINATION

1268

E-48. Ursu M., Buido T. (Oradea Romania) PUTTING INTO OPERATION AND TESTING OF THE 800W MAGNETRON

1274

E-49. Zoller C. (Petrosani Romania), Dai P. (Vrnjaka Banja Serbia), Dobra R. (Petrosani Romania) SEQUENTIAL ALGORITHM AND FUZZY LOGIC TO OPTIMUM CONTROL THE ORE GRIDDING AGGREGATES

1281

E-50. Zoller I., Stark A. (Petrosani Romania) APPLYING MULTIDIMENSIONAL SPACE DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY METHODS IN THE GRAPHICAL EXPRESSION OF THE TRIPLE INTEGRAL

1290

1

Plenary and Invitation Paper

RESEARCH OF PROCESSED SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN FIELD OF METALWORKING

Georgios Petropoulos1, Predrag Dai2, Nikolaos Vaxevanidis3

1 Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos 38334, GREECE 2 SaTCIP Ltd, Vrnjaka Banja, SERBIA, e-mail: dasicp@yahoo.com

3 School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE), Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Educators, 14121 N. Heraklion, Attikis, GREECE, e-mail: vaxev@aspete.gr

Summary: Roughness of processed surface during the cutting process results as a processed consequence of various factors that are in correlation with type of process, material of processed object, cutting tools and other conditions that follow their processing. This paper deals with processed surface roughness in field of metalworking in the field of metal processing for various types of processing, various working parts and cutting tools. Keywords: metalworking, dry machining; hard machining; high speed machining; cutting tool.

1. INTRODUCTION In the theory of metalworking by cutting, there are two ways for determining theoretical laws of change in processed surface roughness [1, 6-7, 9, 17-18, 29, 31, 34]: geometrical consideration of processed surface quality at processing by sharp cutting tools where cutting

tools describe curved line on the material as a result of turning movement of material and straight movement of tools and

geometrical consideration of processed surface quality at concentrated tools wearing where the process is done in the period of time in which the shape of cutting tools is changed through concentrated tools wearing which is reflected on the processed surface.

Dealing with the problem of final processing on the lathe, many researchers in their testing have determined that the parameters of processed surface roughness change in the pass of the time (the other way), which depends on many factors among which the most influential are tools wearing and elements of cutting regime. International standards for surface roughness, i.e. geometrical product specifications (GPS) are given in references [11-15]. 2. DEPENDENCE OF PROCESSED SURFACE ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS AND

CONCENTRATED TOOLS WEARING Many researchers developed several mathematical models of dependence of tools wearing and processed surface roughness. In all developed models as an important parameter appeared the values of concentrated tools wearing [8, 27-28, 34]. Using as a starting point developed models so far in the dissertation [27] is given one theoretical model for calculation of mean arithmetical deviations of profile Ra in the function of concentrated tools wearing in the form of (figure 1.):

sb)xx(R 121a =

+ (1)

10th International Conference Research and Development in Mechanical Industry

RaDMI 2010 16 - 19. September 2010, Donji Milanovac, Serbia

2

Figure 1: Theoretical model of worn cutter projection with elements for determination of Ra [27]

Dependence of surface roughness parameters and concentrated tool wearing could be mathematical represent by equation:

f(VB) Ra = (2) or equation:

f(t) Ra = (3) in which the concentrated tool wearing VB is replaced with cutting time t.

2.1. Dependence of processed surface roughness parameters and concentrated tools wearing for turning

hardened steel by means of ceramic cutting tool In this experimental reseach, there were measured the values of mean arithmetic deviation of the profile Ra in [m] depended to cutting time t in [min], for finished turning of steel C60 with cutting tool from mixed ceramic SH20F for elements of cutting regime a=0,25 [mm], s=0,08 [mm/rev] and v=600 [m/min]. The cutting process in this case had the following characteristics: operation: external finished turning, material: steel C.1730 (according to JUS standard) or C60 (according to DIN standard) or En9 (according to

BS standard), which characteristics are: Rm=800-950 [N/mm2] and 230-270 HB, machine for turning: CNC lathe MD10S from the firm Max Muller, cutting tools: tool holder CCLNL2525M16 and the indexable inserts CNGN160808(and 12)T02020 made of

mixed ceramic SH20F from the firm SPK-Feldmuhle, nose radius: r=0,8 and 1,2 [mm], elements of the cutting regime: a=0,25-0,4 [mm], s=0,08-0,15 [mm/rev] and v=450-600 [m/min] and processing without cooling or lubrication means. On the basis of comparative analysis [4] of the regression models: the chosen one is third power polynomial as the polynomial which can adequately describe function Ra=f(t) and it is given in the equation form (figure 2) [1, 2, 5-7]:

32a t0,00035t0,0109-t0,120810,36735 R ++= (4)

its index of nonlinear correlation is R=0,97325.

2.2. Dependence of processed surface roughness parameters and concentrated tools wearing for turning steel by means of hard metal cutting tools

On the base of theoretical and regression models comparative analysis at final processing of steel on the lathe (a=0,2 [mm], s=0,107 [mm/rev] and v=165 [m/min]), it can be chosen cubic regression i.e. the third power polynomial in the equation form (figure 3) [8, 28]:

32a L4,5976L10,9469-L8,39610,9566 R ++= (5)

its indexes of nonlinear correlation is R=0,87187 and mean relative errors of the experiments is MRE=10,18 %.

3

Figure 2: Graphic review of experimental data and calculated values of dependence Ra=f(t)

Figure 3: Graphic scheme of experimental and calculated values of dependence Ra=f(L) for analyzed theoretical

model and the third power polynomial

3. INTERACTIVE DEPENDENCE OF PROCESSED SURFACE ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS Numerical links between mean bumps height of the profile Rz and mean arithmetic deviation of the profile Ra are given by standard JUS M.A1.020 [16-17],, and those ones between maximum bumps height of the profile Rmax and mean arithmetic deviation of the profile Ra are given by standard DIN 4667-70, mentioning that there are approximate. More correct link between maximum bumps height of the profile Rmax and mean arithmetic deviation of the profile Ra is given by exponential dependence, and it is not depended to the conditions and the kind of the processing. Using the experimental methods it could be possible to establish regression dependence between the processed surface roughness parameters and influential factors for certain kind of material and cutting tools, too. The relations between particular roughness parameters are usually given in simplified form, regardless of the type of processing, processing part material, cutting tools and other conditions that follow the process. For example, the relationship between average height of unevenness of Rz profile and mean arithmetic deviation of

4

profile Ra is given by the standard JUS M.A1.020:1981 [19-17] (table 1), and between the biggest height of unevenness of the profile Rt and mean arithmetic deviation of the profile Ra are given by the German standard DIN 4767:1970 (figure 4). Table 1: The relationship between the average height of unevenness of RZ profile and mean arithmetic deviation

of Ra profile by the standard JUS M.A1.020:1981 [19-17] Roughness

class Mean arithmetic deviation of

Ra profile [m] Average heights of

unevenness of Rz profile [m]

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12

0,025 0,050 0,100 0,200 0,400 0,800 1,600 3,200 6,300 12,500 25,000 50,000

0,10 0,20 0,40 0,80 1,60 3,20 6,30 12,50 25,00 50,00

100,00 200,00

Figure 4: The relationship between the biggest height of unevenness of Rt profile and mean arithmetic deviation

of Ra profile according to German standard DIN 4767:1970

Slightly more accurate relationship between the biggest height of unevenness of Rmax and mean arithmetic deviation of Ra profile is given, regardless of the type and conditions of processing, by the following degree of dependence [10]:

0,98amax R6,1595R = (6)

Since the exponent in equation (1) is close to 1, it can be concluded that between the biggest height of Rmax profile and mean arithmetic deviation of Ra profile, there is a direct proportionality, i.e.:

amax R6,16R = (7)

5

Some authors state that the mentioned dependency can also be exponential, logarithmic or in the form of degree polynomial [1-2, 5-9, 20-26, 30]. More accurate relationships between maximum height of Rmax profile and mean arithmetic deviation of Ra profile and the percentage of carrying the Ra profile and mean arithmetic deviation of Ra profile during the processing by cutting are established experimentally. 3.1. Interactive dependence of processed surface roughness parameters for turning hardened steel by

means of ceramic cutting tool In this experimental research, there were measured the values of the interactive dependence of processed surface roughness parameters Rmax=f(Ra) for different values of the elements of cutting regime. The cutting process in this case had the following characteristics: operation: external finished turning, material: steel C.1730 (according to JUS standard) or C60 (according to DIN standard) or En9 (according to

BS standard), which characteristics are: Rm=800-950 [N/mm2] and 230-270 HB, machine for turning: CNC lathe MD10S from the firm Max Muller, cutting tools: tool holder CCLNL2525M16 and the indexable inserts CNGN160808(and 12)T02020 made of

mixed ceramic SH20F from the firm SPK-Feldmuhle, nose radius: r=0,8 and 1,2 [mm], elements of the cutting regime: a=0,25-0,4 [mm], s=0,08-0,15 [mm/rev] and v=450-600 [m/min] and processing without cooling or lubrication means. Analyzing the dependence of the mean arithmetic deviation of the profile Ra and maximum bumps height of the profile Rmax for different values of the elements of cutting regime it was chosen complex power-exponential regression equation (figure 2) [1-2]:

aR-0,22630,9341amax eR7,8192 R= (10)

its correlation coefficient is R=0,99578 and mean relative error of the experiments is MRE=2,5017 %.

Figure 2: Graphic review of experimental data and calculated values of dependence Rmax=f(Ra)

4. DEPENDENCE OF PROCESSED SURFACE ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS AND ELEMENTS OF CUTTING REGIME

Mathematical equation which shows function of maximum bumps height of profile Rmax is based on the well known equation in literature for a long time, and it considers the sharp tool process. It gives link between Rmax and the shape of the tool top and its step is [2, 17, 19, 29, 31-32]:

rs125 R

2

max = (4)

6

In many testing the processed surface roughness through cutting on the lathe with sharp tools, it is noticed that, because of the influence of the many factors, results calculated according to the equation (3) do not match the measured values for processed surface roughness parameters. The value of maximum bumps height of profile Rmax for different conditions can be shown in equation:

n2

max rsk R

= (5)

Researching the process of turning by sharp tools and with concentrated tools wearing, many researchers introduced, in the equation, several influential factors which characterize the cutting process on the lathe so the maximum bumps height of profile Rmax has the form [2, 20, 35]:

...) CAL, ,, VB, r, v, s,a, f(C, Rmax ,= (6) or mean arithmetic deviation of the profile Ra [2, 20, 35]:

...) CAL, ,, VB, r, v, s,a, f(C, Ra , = (7) It is certain that the regression equation of processed surface roughness parameters Ra and Rmax can be described as a degree function with or without interaction factors. 4.1. Dependence of processed surface roughness parameters and elements of cutting regime for turning

hardened steel by means of ceramic cutting tool In this experimental research , there were measured the values of Ra and Rmax in [m] depended to elements of cutting regime a, s and v and nose radius r, for finished turning of steel C60 with cutting tool from mixed ceramic SH20F for elements of cutting regime a=0,25 [mm], s=0,08 [mm/rev] and v=600 [m/min]. The cutting process in this case had the following characteristics: operation: external finished turning, material: steel C.1730 (according to JUS standard) or C60 (according to DIN standard) or En9 (according to

BS standard), which characteristics are: Rm=800-950 [N/mm2] and 230-270 HB, machine for turning: CNC lathe MD10S from the firm Max Muller, cutting tools: tool holder CCLNL2525M16 and the indexable inserts CNGN160808(and 12)T02020 made of

mixed ceramic SH20F from the firm SPK-Feldmuhle, nose radius: r=0,8 and 1,2 [mm], elements of the cutting regime: a=0,25-0,4 [mm], s=0,08-0,15 [mm/rev] and v=450-600 [m/min] and processing without cooling or lubrication means. According to the previous methodology [3] for mean arithmetic deviation of the profile Ra depended to a, s, v and r it was chosen regression equation as follows (figure 2) [2]:

0,75250,3017

1,20050,1136

arvsa62,1369 R

= (8) its correlation coefficient is R=0,99835 and mean relative error of the experiments is MRE=2,1757 %. And for maximum bumps height of the profile Rmax depended to a, s, v and r it was chosen regression equation as follows (figure 3) [1, 3]:

0,66740,2827

0,92790,1476

maxrvsa220,1837 R

= (9) its correlation coefficient is R=0,99756 and mean relative error of the experiments is MRE=1,8613 %.

4.2 Effect of the cutting conditions on Ra surface roughness parameter for dry drilling In the experimental research in which the effect of the cutting conditions on Ra surface roughness parameter (figure 4) was examined, it is observed that the variation of Ra with cutting time is anomalous [20]. Besides some exceptions surface roughness Ra increases when feed increases. The significant fluctuations observed are related to random phenomena like chip generation and removal under non repetitive conditions. It is true that drilling is a rough or semi-rough cutting operation and the rendered surface finish is poor. The conditions of drill performance are not favorable to impart low roughness on the processed hole. The chips are removed through the grooves of the drill and abrasive action is performed on the surface. Also chip particles are stuck on the twists wounding the surface. Another negative influence is exerted by built-up edges formed on the cutting edges owing to the low cutting speed used in drilling [20].

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Figure 2: Graphic review of experimental data and calculated values for the chosen regression equation of dependence Ra=f(a,s,v,r)

Figure 3: Graphic review of experimental data and calculated values for the chosen regression equation of dependence Rmax=f(a,s,v,r)

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The drilling process in this case had the following characteristics: operation: dry drilling, material: high speed steel with 5% in cobalt according to DIN 338 HSS-Co (high speed steel cobalt alloyed), machine for drilling: twist drills of cylindrical shank.

Figure 4: Variation of the Ra roughness parameter with respect to cutting time; parametric influence of cutting

speed and feed [20] 5. CONCLUSIONS Roughness of processed surface during the cutting process results as a processed consequence of various factors that are in correlation with type of process, material of processed object, cutting tools and other conditions that follow their processing. It is possible, by using the experimental methods to establish regression dependence between the processed surface roughness parameters and influential factors for certain kind of material and cutting tools, too. The relations between particular roughness parameters are usually given in simplified form, regardless of the type of processing, processing part material, cutting tools and other conditions that follow the process. REFERENCES [1] Dai, P.: Interactive dependence of processed surface roughness parameters for turning of the steel C60 by

mixed ceramic cutting tools, Journal of Optimum Technologies, Technologic Systems and Materials in the Machines Building Field MSTM, MSTM-11, No. 1 (2005), pp. 206-212. ISSN 1224-7499.

[2] Dai, P.: Research of processed surface roughness for turning hardened steel by means of ceramic cutting tools. In: Proceedings of papers from 2nd World Tribology Congress, Vienna, Austria, 3 - 7. september 2001. Edited by Friedrich Franek, Wilfried J. Bartz and Andreas Pauschitz. Vienna: sterreichische Tribologische Gesellschaft - TG (The Austrian Tribology Society), 2001, pp. 522. ISBN 3-901657-08-8 (for Abstracts Proceedings in hard copy) and pp. 1-6. ISBN 3-901657-09-6 (Proceedings in electronic form on CD-ROM).

[3] Dai, P.: Software package CoREMED: Choice of Regression Equation of Multifactor Experiment Design with and without Repeating. ver. 3.0. Vrnjaka Banja, 2009.

[4] Dai, P.: Software package CoRETV: Choice of Regression Equation Between Two Variables, ver. 2.0, Vrnjaka Banja, 2009.

[5] Dai, P.: The analysis of possibilities of the approximation of machining process characteristics by power polynomial. In: Summaries of 16th International Conference on Production Research - ICPR-16, Vol. 5, Prague, Czech Republic, 29. July - 03. August 2001. Edited by D. Hanus, J. Talcko. Prague (Czech Republic): Czech Association of Scientific and Technical Societies, 2001, pp. 43. ISBN 80-02-01438-3.

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[6] Dai, P.; Petropoulos, G.: Dependence regression of the processed surface roughness parameters for turning of cutting tools made of coated carbides (in Serbian language). Journal of IMK-14 Research and Development, Kruevac: Institute IMK 14. October, Vol. VIII (2002.), No. (14-15) 1-2/2002, pp. 93-98. ISSN 0354-6829.

[7] Dai, P.; Petropoulos, G.: Research of interdependence of the 2D parameters of processed surface roughness for turning (in Serbian language). Keynote and invitted paper. In: Scientific Book of 5th International Scientific Conference on Production Engineering Development and Modernization of Production Razvoj i modernizacija proizvodnje - RIM 2005, Biha, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 14-17. September 2005. Edited by Isak Karbegovi, Milan Jurkovi and Vlatko Doleek. Biha (Bosnia and Herzegovina): Society for Robotics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2005, pp. 53-70. ISBN 99-589262-0-2.

[8] Dai, P.; Radonji, S.; Jemenica, R.; Nedi, B.: Research of the regression functionl of processed surface roughness at the turning by means modern cutting tools. In: Proceedings of Xth International Conference on Tools ITC2000, Miskolc, Hungary, 06 - 08. September 2000. Miskolc (Hungary): Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 2000, pp. 155-158.

[9] Dai, P.; Radovanovi, M. & orevi, LJ.: Dependence of processed surface roughness parameters and concentrated tools wearing for turning of the steel C60 by mixed ceramic cutting tools. Oradea (Romania): University of Oradea, Faculty of Management and Technological Engineering, Annals of the Oradea University - Fascicle of Management and Technological Engineering, CD-ROM edition, Vol. V (XV), 2006, pp. 230 for (hard copy) and 1305-1311 (for electronic form). ISSN 15830691.

[10] Djachenko P. E. and al.: O razrobotke proekta medzunarodnogo standarda na sherohovatost poverhnosti, Kachestvo poverhnosti detelej mashin. Trudi seminara po kachestvu poverhnosti, Sbornik 4, Izdatelstvo AN SSSR, Moskva, 1959.

[11] ISO 1302:2002 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation. Geneva (Switzerland): International Organization for Standardizations (ISO), 2002. 46 pp.

[12] ISO 4287:1997 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Surface texture: Profile method -- Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters. Geneva (Switzerland): International Organization for Standardizations (ISO), 1997. 25 pp.

[13] ISO 13565-1:1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties -- Part 1: Filtering and general measurement conditions. Geneva (Switzerland): International Organization for Standardizations (ISO), 1996. 5 pp.

[14] ISO 13565-2:1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties -- Part 2: Height characterization using the linear material ratio curve. Geneva (Switzerland): International Organization for Standardizations (ISO), 1998. 6 pp.

[15] ISO 13565-3:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) -- Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties -- Part 3: Height characterization using the material probability curve. Geneva (Switzerland): International Organization for Standardizations (ISO), 1998. 20 pp.

[16] JUS M.A1.020: 1981 Hrapavost povrina industrijskih proizvoda od metala, Osnovni pojmovi i definicije, Beograd (Jugoslavia): Savezni zavod za standardizaciju, 1981.

[17] Kalajdi, M.: Tehnology of metalworking I (in Serbian language). 9th Edition. Belgrade: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 2004. 407 pp. ISBN 86-7083-487-1.

[18] Kalpakjian, S.: Manufacturing processes for engineering materials. 3rd Edition. Menlo Park (California-USA): Addison Wesley Longman Inc., 1997. 950 pp. ISBN 0-2018-2370-5.

[19] Kuzinovski M., ebrovski H., Cichosz P.: Istraivanje visinskih parametara profila hrapavosti obraene povrine pri struganju sa keramikim reznim ploicama. asopis Tribologija u industriji, God. XIV, br. 2 (1992), str. 37-45.

[20] Ntziantzias, I.; Petropoulos, G.; Vaxevanidis, N. & Dai, P.: Statistical modeling of basic machinability parameters in drilling of metals. Plenary and Invitation paper. In: Proceedings on CD-ROM of 7th International Conference Research and Development in Mechanical Industy - RaDMI 2007, Belgrade, Serbia, 16-20. September 2007. Edited by Predrag Dai. Kruevac: Institute IMK 14. October and Trstenik: High Technical Mechanical School, 2007, pp. 36-47. ISBN-10 86-83803-22-8 or ISBN-13 978-86-83803-22-4.

[21] Petropoulos, G.; Pandazaras, C. & Dai P.: Characterization of profile shapes of machined surfaces. Plenary and Invitation paper, In: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference Research and Development in Mechanical Industy - RaDMI 2003, Volume 1, Herceg Novi, Serbia and Montenegro, 19 - 23. September 2003. Edited by Predrag Dai. Trstenik: High Technical Mechanical School, Kruevac: Institute IMK 14. October and Podgorica: Institute of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 2003, pp. 13-21. ISBN 86-83803-06-6.

[22] Petropoulos, G.; Pandazaras, C. & Dai, P.: Fractal laws of metal surfaces produced by turning. Plenary and Invitation paper. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference Research and Development in

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Mechanical Industy - RaDMI 2004, Volume 1, Zlatibor, Serbia and Montenegro, 31. August to 04. September 2004. Edited by Predrag Dai. Kraljevo: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of and Trstenik: High Technical Mechanical School, 2004, pp. 9-20. ISBN-10 86-83803-16-3 or ISBN-13 978-86-83803-16-3.

[23] Petropoulos, G.P., Pandazaras C.N. and Stamos, I., Studying main variability aspects of surface texture of steel in face milling, Proc. IMechE Journal of Enginnering Tribology, Vol. 217 (2003), pp. 175-179.

[24] Petropoulos, G.P., Torrance, A.A. and Pandazaras, C.N., Abbot curves characteristics of turned surfaces. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 43 (2003), pp. 237-243.

[25] Petropoulos, G.P., Vaxevanidis, N.M., Iakovou, A. and David, K., Multi-Parameter Modeling of Surface Texture in EDMachining using the Design of Experiments Methodology, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 526 (2006), pp. 157-162.

[26] Petropoulos, G.P., Vaxevanidis, N.M. and Pantazaras, C.N.: Modeling of surface finish in electro-discharge machining based upon statistical multi-parameter analysis, Journal of Materials Processing Technology,, Vol. 155-156 (2004), pp. 1247-1251.

[27] Radonjic S.: Further supplements to investigating finish processing on lathe (in Serbian language). Dissertation Ph, Belgrade: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 1986. 136 pp. COBISS.SR-ID 27894031.

[28] Radonji, S.; Dai, P.; Jemenica, R.; Stoi, M.: Comparison analysis of theoretical and regression models of roughness processed surface in function of wear tool. In: Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Flexible Technologies mma2000, Novi Sad, 8. June 2000. Editor by Ilija osi. Novi Sad: Faculty of Technical Sciences, Institute for Production Engineering, 2000, pp. 27-28. COBIS.SR-ID 157097735.

[29] Radovanovi, M: Metalworking technology, Cutting work (in Serbian language). Ni: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 2002. 328 s. ISBN 86-80587-39-7.

[30] Sekulic S.: Correlation between the largest height of roughness and the mean arithmetic deviation of the profile from the middle line of the machined surface. Journal of Tribology in industry, Vol. XIII, No. 2 (1991), p. 46-50.

[31] Spur, G.; Stoferle, T.: Hanbuch der Fertigungstechnik, Band 3/1 Spanen. Munchen, Wien: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1980.

[32] Stani, J.: Theory of metalworking I (in Serbian language). 2nd Edition. Belgrade: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 1989. 268 pp. ISBN 86-7083-108-2.

[33] Stout J. K., Blunt L. (edited): Three-Dimensional Surface Topography, Measurement, Interpretation and Applications, Penton press, London, 2000.

[34] Solaja V.: On some correlations of the cutting process and the quality of generated surface, XIV Yugoslav Council of Production Engineering (Proceedings p. 279-294), 1980, Cacak, Yugoslavia.

[35] Vaxevanidis, N. M.; Petropoulos, G.; Dai, P. & Mourlas, A.: Multi-parameter analysis of surface finish in electro-discharge machining of tool steels. Plenary and Invitation paper. In: Proceedings on CD-ROM of 6th International Conference Research and Development in Mechanical Industy - RaDMI 2006, Budva, Montenegro, 13-17. September 2006. Edited by Predrag Dai. Kraljevo: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Trstenik: High Technical Mechanical School, 2006, pp. 9-16. ISBN-10 86-83803-21-X or ISBN-13 978-86-83803-21-7.

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Plenary and Invitation Paper In Memoriam Prof. Dr G. P. Petropoulos (1959-2010)

PRODUCTION ROUTES TOWARDS CLEAN CUTTING:

DRY, HARD AND HIGH SPEED MACHINING

N. M. Vaxevanidis1, N. Galanis1, P. Dai2, N. Fountas1 1 School of Pedagogical & Technological Education (ASPETE), Department of Mechanical Engineering

Technology Educators, 14121 N. Heraklion, Attikis, GREECE, e-mail: vaxev@aspete.gr

2 SaTCIP Ltd, Vrnjaka Banja, SERBIA, e-mail: dasicp@yahoo.com

Summary: Cutting fluids (CFs) besides their considerable impact on machining cost result in problems in the working environment and in the waste disposal. The recent imposition of stringent pollution control regulations has forced the metal working industry to search for reliable processes to solve these problems. By replacing conventional cooling lubricants with the technological routes of dry machining or minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) related problems can be reduced significantly. The present paper addresses the issues concerning the machining routes applied for the reduction of CFs usage and especially the cutting technologies without the use of CFs (dry machining, hard machining, high speed machining), towards environmental-friendly or clean machining. The advantages and the disadvantages of dry machining and the solutions proposed (new tools materials, cryogenic cooling systems) for its successful implementation are also presented. Keywords: dry machining; hard machining; high speed machining; cutting fluids.

1. INTRODUCTION In the manufacturing industry, cutting fluids (CFs) help to remove the heat generated during cutting; to achieve better tool life, surface finish and dimensional tolerances and to facilitate the flushing of chips. The coolants and lubricants used for machining represents 16 - 20% of the manufacturing costs; see Fig.1, hence the extravagant use of these fluids should be restricted. At the same time, besides their considerable impact on machining cost CFs produce problems in the working environment and in the waste disposal. Also the recent imposition of stringent pollution control regulations has forced the metal working industry to search for reliable processes to solve these problems [1, 2]. By replacing conventional cooling lubricants with the technological routes of dry machining or minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), this cost component can be reduced significantly [3]. The present paper addresses the issues concerning the machining routes applied for the reduction of CFs usage and especially the cutting technologies without the use of CFs (dry machining), towards environmental-friendly or clean machining. The advantages and the disadvantages of dry machining and the solutions proposed (new tools materials, cryogenic cooling systems) for its successful implementation are also presented. 2. MANAGEMENT AND MINIMIZATION OF CUTTING FLUIDS Cutting fluids are represent a very important part of the manufacturing system (machine tool cutting tool manufactured part). Their action has to do mainly with the lubrication and cooling and secondary with the cleaning (facilitate the flushing of chips) of cutting zone [4]. CFs considered being necessary for having the desirable result (better tool life, surface finish and dimensional tolerances etc.). The classification of CFs, their lubricant role from tribological aspect and the cooling and lubricant ways during the manufacturing are subjects, which have discussed widely from technological aspect and will not be mentioned in this paper, for details see Ref. [5].

10th International Conference Research and Development in Mechanical Industry

RaDMI 2010 16 - 19. September 2010, Donji Milanovac, Serbia

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Owing to the widely established use of CFs, the environmental issues concerned with the use, recovery, recycling and cleaning of CFs cannot be ignored. Moreover, the advantages caused by CFs can be questioned or even counterbalanced by serious drawbacks exhibited in use. CFs can damage the environment (soil and water) due to wrong handling, rejection or disposal. Moreover, they have negative physiological effects on the personnel in industrial environments. A novel approach of ''3R's'' (Reduce-Reuse-Recycle) for overall treatment and management of cutting fluids related to economic and environmental constraints and norms was addressed in a recent contribution; see Ref. [6]. This principle enables an environment friendly selection of the appropriate cutting fluid to achieve acceptable quality of the machined product combined with prolongation of cutting fluid useful life. However, the demand of clean manufacturing processes has been set as a strategic aim for decades; see for example [7], therefore, besides the minimization and the management of CFs, machining routes promising the elimination of CFs (i.e., MQL or dry cutting) is of utmost importance.

Figure 1: Typical end-user manufacturing costs

3. DRY MACHINING Machining without the use of any cutting fluid (dry or green machining) is becoming increasingly popular due to concern regarding the safety of the environment. Dry machining is closer to the clean machining methods [7]. The advantages of dry machining include: non-pollution of the atmosphere (or water); no residue on the swarf which will be reflected in reduced disposal and cleaning costs; no danger to health; and it is non-injurious to skin and is allergy free. Moreover, it offers significant reduction in overall machining cost [3, 6]. Worth mentioning also, that the starting point for the application of dry technology in cutting was the automotive industry and their major suppliers. However, it should also be noted that some of the benefits of cutting fluids are not going to be available for dry machining and moreover, dry machining will be acceptable only whenever the part quality and machining times achieved in wet machining are equaled or surpassed. It has been indicated that dry turning cannot be used for high values of depth of cut, in order to obtain long tool lives. Moreover, when cutting fluid is used, a tough tool material is required and in dry cutting, the tool has to have high hot hardness (hard machining). The set of cutting conditions for which dry cutting tool life is very similar to that obtained when cutting with abundant fluid is low depth of cut and high cutting speed (high speed machining). The wear phenomena for both cooling/lubricant systems used were very similar. On the flank face the causes of wear was abrasion and adhesion, and on the rake face, the causes were diffusion, abrasion and attrition; see Ref. [8]. Note that in general, adhesive tool wear is of particular importance in dry cutting [9]. From the above it is suggested; see also [3], that dry machining can be divided in two directions: High speed machining and hard machining, which are being used depending on the material and the required attributes of the machined product. Table 1 summarizes the applications of dry and/or MQL cutting. The concept of MQL was suggested a decade ago as a mean for addressing the issues of environmental intrusiveness and occupational hazard associated with airborne cutting fluid particles. The minimization of cutting fluid leads to economical benefits by saving lubricant costs. Workpiece, tool, and machine-cleaning time are reduced. The MQL technique consists of misting or atomizing a very small quantity of lubricant, typically of a flow rate of 50 - 500 ml/h, in an air flow directed towards the cutting zone. The lubricant is sprayed by means of an external supply system consisting of one or more nozzles. The amount of coolant used in MQL is about 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the amount commonly used in flood-cooling condition. MQL, also known as microlubrication and near-dry machining [1], is the latest technique of delivering metal cutting fluid to the

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tool/work interface. Using this technology, a little fluid, when properly selected and applied, can make a substantial difference in how effectively a tool performs [3, 10]. On the other hand, to pursue dry machining, one has to compensate for the beneficial effects of cutting fluids. One approach towards dry machining is to have an indirect contact of coolants and thereby take away the heat generated; see also [9, 11] for recent advances. Research in the area of dry machining without the direct contact of coolants has lead to the following advancements [12]: 1. An under-cooling system, where the coolant flows through channels located under the insert, then out to the

environment, without any direct contact with the cutting zone. 2. Internal cooling by a vaporization system, in which a vaporizable liquid is introduced inside the shank of the

tool and vaporized on the underside surface of the insert. 3. Cryogenic systems, where a stream of cryogenic coolant is routed internally through a conduit inside the tool. 4. Thermoelectric cooling systems, using a module of couples of thermoelectric material elements. When an

electric current is passed through the thermoelectric elements, a cold junction and a hot junction is produced at the opposite ends of each of these elements.

Table 1: Applications of dry machining and MQL [Modified from 3, 10]

Materials Aluminum Steel

Process Cast alloys Wrought alloys High alloyed bearing steel

Free cutting, quench and

tempered steel

Turning MQL - dry MQL - dry dry dry

Milling MQL - dry MQL

dry dry

Gear Milling

- - dry dry

Sawing MQL MQL MQL MQL

Broaching - - MQL dry

Drilling MQL MQL MQL MQL - dry

Deep Hole drilling

MQL MQL - MQL

Reaming MQL MQL MQL MQL

Tapping MQL MQL MQL MQL

Thread forming MQL MQL MQL MQL

3.1 Hard Machining It is evident that hard cutting emerges as a new technology combining many important advantages. To start with, it is a clean manufacturing process because no cutting fluid or minimal, is used and furthermore because the by-products of the process, which include chips and worn tools, can be easily recycled. The absence of cutting fluid reduces the thermal shock and so tool life is improved. From an economical point of view, hard cutting is also advantageous because costs connected to cutting fluids are eliminated. For achieving the desired results in machining, one has to be well informed regarding both the work material and the cutting tools. The tools used for dry machining have to fulfill some specific requirements. The options available, at present, include the following [1, 12]: 1. The use of very high positive rake angles (30) on submicron cemented carbide tools, which will reduce the

overall cutting energy significantly. 2. The development of refractory-type tool materials that can withstand high temperatures. 3. The use of ultra-hard tool materials such as diamond and CBN. 4. The development of coatings on tools that can withstand high temperatures and simultaneously provides a

lubricating effect to reduce friction. Coating tools usually have longer tool life than non coated tools if coating is done properly to be effective. Coating provides insulation and lubrication in cutting. Materials used for coating cutting tools include TiAlN

14

(Titanium Aluminum Nitride), TiN, and diamond. Diamond coated tools generally outperform other coated tools. Recently, multilayered coating tools have also been demonstrated to provide multiple functions. One layer is several nanometer thick. Each layer provides a specific function, e.g., heat insulation, anti-wear, or lubrication. These three functions are the major functions provided by coated materials [13]. Novel materials and mostly coatings are used in order to improve the anti-wear properties of the cutting tools. The thermal properties of tool material must be enhanced to be more heat refractory or generate less heat during cutting, particularly when machining at higher cutting speeds and difficult-to-machine materials. Nowadays, ceramics and continuously advancing surface coatings can correspond to demands for dry cutting. Especially, coatings in these applications act as ''solid lubricants'' via quite different mechanisms though than graphite etc; they can withstand high temperatures and increase effectively tool hardness, elastic modulus and toughness. Thin hard coatings adhered on tool tips change heat distribution during the process by reducing thermal degradation between substrate and coating and promoting heat abduction through the chip [6, 14]. The cost of the tools may increase but it has been proved that in the long-term, CBN tool wear is smaller in comparison to other tools. Note that CBN tools are brittle and so the stiffness of the machine tool and fixturing must be taken into account to avoid vibration and chatter. 3.2 High Speed Machining In recent years, high-speed machining (HSM) technology is becoming established owing to the advance of machine tool and control systems. In comparison with the conventional methods, HSM not only exhibits a higher metal removal rate but also results in lower cutting force, better surface finish, no critical heat of the workpiece, etc. HSM has long been applied in die and mold manufacturing and for light metals; see Refs [15] and [16], respectively. In cooperation with dry machining the results are extremely good and the efficient manufacturing process of difficult-to- machined materials is accomplished. Dry cutting has been achieved in the following occasions [1, 3, 12, 17]: Cast iron materials can mostly be cut dry in turning and milling operations. Cast iron materials are particularly favourable in this respect, because their cutting temperatures are significantly lower than those of steel. Dry machining of laminar grey cast iron at high cutting speeds using ceramic cutting materials and cubic boron nitride (CBN) has given the best results in terms of wear behaviour. Besides other widely differing properties of ceramics (AI2O3, Si, nitrides) and CBN, in terms of thermal characteristics, alumina has the highest expansion coefficient, followed by CBN; this can be a serious disadvantage for achieving the accurate part dimensions at high cutting speeds and, consequently high cutting temperatures. The dry machining of cast iron has been attempted at high surface speeds and feed rates. Note, however, that he dry machining of cast iron is not exactly new; see also [3, 12]. Drilling of steel takes a key position in the realisation of dry machining on machining centres. The main problem in dry drilling in steel is the reliable removal of the chips from the drilled hole. The risk of a chip jam in the flute becomes steadily greater as the drilling depth increases and the friction paths between the chip and the hole wall or the tool become longer. One very promising approach is to enlarge the flutes, giving the chips more space and helping them to escape, since there is less resistance to chip motion. Another problem is the tendency of the drill to jam in the hole if its diameter expands too much as a result of high tool temperatures. One way of correcting this is more drill taper towards the shank. A TiN-coated tool was used and the results shown that a dry cut can not only achieve high removal rates, but can also meet exacting part quality requirements. Furthermore dry cutting with high speeds and nose radius of the insert 0.8 mm has always presented roughness lower than wet cutting, with the exception of the experiment with vc=540 m/min; see [17] for details. At present the conventional cutting of superalloys and titanium alloys with carbide tools requires water based coolant. High speed cutting (HSC) may be the alternative to switch from wet to dry cutting. Milling of superalloys and alloys of titanium in high speed cutting using ceramic tool with multiple coating (TiAlN + SiC whiskers) is an