vol. XXII. 2015

ISTORIE ŞI ISTORIOGRAFIE

ISTORIA CASEI DIN PIAłA MICĂ NR. 25, SIBIU

LILIANA POPA*

THE HISTORY OF THE HOUSE FROM SIBIU, LESSER SQUARE NO. 25

It was recently discovered a document dating from 1847, an evaluation report on the house currently located in Sibiu, Lesser Square no. 25. Over time, the house was owned by some goldsmiths, by the typographers’ Barth family and then by the publisher Samuel Filtsch. The document brings us important information regarding the house structure, the materials from which it was built and about its value to the middle of the nineteenth century.

Keywords: evaluation report, typographer Barth, Samuel Filtsch, house structure,

house value, Sibiu.

La fel de veche ca suratele ei din aceeaşi zonă, casa aflată astăzi la adresa de mai sus a avut o istorie fascinantă şi încă insuficient clarificată. Prin tradiŃie, casa aceasta se consideră a fi fost, cel puŃin o perioadă, casa familiei de tipografi Barth.

Din site-ul Primăriei Sibiului1 aflăm următoarele: „Blazonul Breslei Aurarilor aflat în camera de la etaj, realizat în stucatură

policromă, încărcat de monograma G. K. şi datat 1745” şi, mai jos: „La sfârşitul sec. XIX loggia din piaŃă a fost astupată şi transformată în prăvălii. Cu ocazia restaurării din 1958 această logie a fost deschisă. La sfârşitul sec. XVIII aici funcŃiona magazinul de fierărie Andreas Filtsch. În 1826, Samuel Filtsch îşi deschide o tipografie, editură şi o librărie. Din 1868, afacerea a fost preluată de ginerele său, Wilhelm Johann Krafft, care era căsătorit cu Karoline, fata lui Filtsch. Krafft mută tipografia în Avram Iancu nr. 10. Editura şi librăria va fi preluată de celălalt ginere al lui Filtsch, Julius Spreer. Până în 1879, editura şi librăria va purta firma ,Succesorul lui S. Filtsch’, ea funcŃionând până spre sfârşitul sec. XIX. În această clădire a fost tipărită în 1828 Gramatica Românească a lui Ion Heliade-Rădulescu; aici a fost publicat ziarul Siebenbürgische Blätter (Foi transilvănene) între anii 1867–1872 şi s-a aflat redacŃia ziarului Schul-und Kirchenbote (Curierul şcolar şi bisericesc)”.

* Liliana Maria Popa, Sibiu, str. Strandului, bl. 24, sc. C, ap. 14, 550068 Sibiu, România. E-mail: [email protected].

1 http://patrimoniu.sibiu.ro/cladiri/piata_mica/110.

Anuarul Inst. de Cerc. Socio-Umane Sibiu, vol. XXII, 2015, p. 5–17

PUBLICAłII ALE ISTORICULUI AUSTRIAC HANS VON ZWIEDINECK-SÜDENHORST

ÎN BIBLIOTECA BRUKENTHAL

RADU TEUCEANU*

WORKS BY THE AUSTRIAN HISTORIAN HANS VON ZWIEDINECK-SÜDENHORST IN THE BRUKENTHAL LIBRARY

Abstract. The Brukenthal Library is in possession of four books by the Austrian historian Hans von Zwiedineck-Südenhorst (1845–1906). These books are well-documented and have an interesting subject matter. In a scientific article, printed as an extract from Volume LVI of „Archiv für österreichische Geschichte”, the author deals with an attempt of moving the Teuton Order near the border with Hungary in the 1570s, with the purpose of defending the area against the Turks’ attacks. In Dorfleben im achtzehnten Jahrhundert, Zwiedineck-Südenhorst proposes to highlight some aspects of everyday life in Austrian villages during the 18th century. Although the discourse is somewhat rambling, due to the frequent change of place and time in which the events occur, the author intents to counteract this by the “internal coherence” of the chapters into which the book is divided. In Erzherzog Johann von Österreich im Feldzuge von 1809, the author researches the Archduke’s papers, notes, and letters, supplementing the book by three maps and the battle order of Raab of 14 June 1809. A pamphlet published in 1893, which comprises an ode by Wilhelm Fischer and plates, has as its subject the history and new layout of the regional library of Graz.

Keywords: Austria, Central Europe, Transylvania, history, the Brukenthal Library,

villages, archives, auxiliary material. Biblioteca Brukenthal deŃine patru cărŃi, bine documentate şi cu tematică

interesantă, scrise de istoricul austriac Hans von Zwiedineck-Südenhorst (1845–1906)1. Fiul unui colonel austriac de artilerie, a urmat studii de istorie la universitatea din Graz. În 1880 a fost numit director al bibliotecii din Graz, iar în 1885 a devenit el însuşi profesor la universitate, continuând să locuiască la Graz pentru tot restul vieŃii. În 1868 s-a căsătorit cu Anna Adele, fiica unui important comerciant de unelte de fierărie, Johann Dettelbach2. A fost un autor prolific3,

* Dr. Radu Teuceanu, muzeograf, Muzeul NaŃional Brukenthal, PiaŃa Mare, nr. 4–5 550163 Sibiu, România. Telefon mobil: 0040 0733 978891, e-mail: [email protected].

1 Numele întreg este Johann Alois Zwiedineck, Edler von Südenhorst. 2 Joseph Kürschner, „Zwiedinek (Zwiedineck)”, în Deutscher Literatur-Kalender auf das Jahr

1889 XI (1889): 561. 3 Idem. A avut şi încercări literare, în principal proză scurtă, cum ar fi „Edwina, eine

Bibliotheksgeschichte”, publicată în „Deutsche Revue”, XIV, Maiheft (1889).


UN ISTORIC TRANSILVAN ŞI CARTEA SA AFLATĂ ÎN COLECłIILE BIBLIOTECII BRUKENTHAL:

JOHANNES TRÖSTER, DAS ALT- UND NEU-TEUTSCHE DACIA, NÜRNBERG, 1666

CONSTANTIN ITTU* şi ANDA-LUCIA SPÂNU**

A TRANSYLVANIAN HISTORIAN AND HIS BOOK IN THE BRUKENTHAL LIBRARY COLLECTIONS: JOHANNES TRÖSTER, DAS ALT- UND NEU-

TEUTSCHE DACIA, NÜRNBERG, 1666

Abstract. Johannes Tröster’s book, Das Alt und Neue Teutsche Dacia [The Old and New German Dacia], published in Nürnberg in 1666, is not the oldest historical description of Transylvania, but the first work of its kind in German. The author, a 17th century Transylvanian historian, geographer and humanist, made a confusion between the Geto-Dacians and the Geto-Goths, and, as a consequence, he believed that the Transylvanian Saxons were not only the descendants of the Daco-Goths, but they were – alongside the Romanians, as descendants of the Romans – the oldest inhabitants of the province. The aim of his work was to demonstrate that not the Hungarians, regarded as newcomers, had the right to rule Transylvania, but its oldest inhabitants, the Transylvanian Saxons, thanks to their ancient roots in this places. Last but not least, the work provides valuable information about the history of the Romanian language, as well as news about Romanian customs and traditions.

The engraver Hans Jacob Schollenberger illustrated Tröster’s book. In each plate, some of the existent monuments are traceable, but the views are traditional type of cartographic images, idea images, patterns that had nothing in common with the towns of the 17th century. The draughtsman often has no first-hand knowledge of the area he is reproducing. This type of representation of Transylvanian towns and boroughs that accompany and supplement the information of geographical or historical works, was the expression of a traditional thinking based on a multitude of conventions.

Keywords: Brukenthal Library, Johannes Tröster, Hans Jacob Schollenberger,

Das Alt und Neue Teutsche Dacia, Nürnberg, Transylvanian Saxons, townviews, historic images.

Opera umanistului, istoricului şi geografului din secolul al XVII-lea, Johannes

Tröster, intitulată Das Alt- und Neu-Teutsche Dacia. Das ist: Neue Beschreibung

* Dr. Constantin Ittu, cercetător ştiinŃific grad II, Biblioteca Brukenthal, Muzeul NaŃional Brukenthal, PiaŃa Mare nr. 4–5, 550163 Sibiu, România. Tel: 0040 0269 217691, email: [email protected].

** Dr. Anda-Lucia Spânu: cercetător ştiinŃific III, Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane Sibiu, Bulevardul Victoriei 40, 550024 Sibiu, România. Tel. 0040 269 212604, e-mail: [email protected].


ELITA GERMANILOR DIN ROMÂNIA ÎN COMUNISM. STUDIU DE CAZ: COMITETUL ANTIFASCIST GERMAN –

REGIONALA STALIN

SORIN ENE*

GERMANS’ POLITICAL ELITE IN ROMANIA. CASE STUDY: THE GERMAN ANTIFASCIST COMMITTEE – STALIN REGION

Abstract: The German Antifascist Committee/G.A.C. (Deutsche Antifaschistische Komitee/D.A.K.), was founded on the 13.02.1949, at the suggestion of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, on the basis of the Resolution of the Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers’ Party (R.W.P.) from the 10–11.06.1948 and the Resolution of the Politburo of the P.M.R. Central Committee on the 11.12.1948. Furthemore, Emmerich Stöffel, a member of the Romanian Communist Party (R.C.P.) since illegality, was entitled to set up the G.A.C.

Shortly after its foundation, the G.A.C. established its headquarters in Bucharest and opened branches in the towns of Braşov, ReşiŃa and Timişoara, located in areas populated by large communities of German ethnics.

The leadership of the G.A.C. was provided by Party members since illegality who had distinguished themselves trough their activism in the Stalin region: Filip Geltz, a future minister and member of the Grand National Assembly (G.N.A.), a member of the Presidium of the G.N.A., the vice president of the Central Union of the Consumption Cooperatives (CENTROCOOP); Anton Breitenhofer, responsible for the G.A.C., Neuer Weg newspaper coming out; Mihai Schuster, the future vice president of the People’s Council of the Stalin Region and Magdalena Zorca, a future deputy in the G.N.A. and the vice president of the People’s Town Hall in Sibiu, etc. The main task of the G.A.C. were the denazification and the political enrollment of the Germans living in Romania, in order to take them out of their isolation and make them join the major part of the population and the order minorities, who where building the socialism.

Assigned duties have been fulfilled, but the dissolution of the G.A.C in the 1953, the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the beginning of emigration towards the Federal Republic of Germany led to the failure of the R.W.P. in the national German issue.

Keywords: German minority, political isolation, The German Antifascist Committee,

denazification, political enrollment.

Comitetul Antifascist German (Deutsche Antifaschistische Komitee) a fost înfiinŃat la data de 13.02.1949, în baza RezoluŃiei Plenarei C.C. al P.M.R. din

* Dr. Sorin Ene, Sibiu, Şoseaua Alba Iulia, nr. 83, bloc 27, scara A, apartament 8, tel. 072338297, email: [email protected].


ISTORIA CULTURII

PUBLICITATE ŞI RETORICĂ

RODICA PASCU*

ADVERTISING AND RHETORIC

Abstract. After 1960 the French structuralists Roland Barthes and Jacques Durand tried to establish a general rhetoric for the verbal communication and also for the nonverbal one, such as images, gestures and other signs. The relationship between advertising and rhetoric is also engaging the attention of contemporary scholars. The main purpose of advertising is to convince the consummers to buy the promoted products. Rhetoric strategies and figures are used in verbal and iconic components of the advertising discourse.

Keywords: rhetoric, advertising, discourse, image, icon, figures of speech.

În deceniile şapte şi opt ale secolului XX, unii reprezentanŃi ai structuralismului francez au reconsiderat retorica clasică, încercând să stabilească o retorică generală valabilă nu numai pentru comunicarea verbală, ci şi pentru cea nonverbală, transmisă prin imagini, gesturi şi alte tipuri de semne. Ideile lui Roland Barthes, din studiul intitulat Retorica imaginii, evidenŃiind interesul pentru analiza imaginilor publicitare, se înscriu în acest demers. Într-o perioadă anterioară, lingvistul rus Roman Jakobson considerase că figurile de retorică nu erau apanajul literaturii şi că apăreau şi în alte sisteme decât limbajul, precum pictura sau cinematografia. În lucrarea sa Retorică şi publicitate, Jacques Durand a evidenŃiat că publicitatea se foloseşte de întreaga gamă a figurilor de retorică, atât figuri de frază cât şi de cuvinte, care înainte erau considerate a fi proprii doar limbajului vorbit. Acesta a pornit de la constatarea că, prin tradiŃie, retorica pune în legătură două nivele de limbaj – „limbajul propriu” şi „limbajul figurat” – şi că figura este „operaŃiunea prin care se trece de la un nivel la altul”1.

În publicitate se pot identifica o serie de libertăŃi luate în ceea ce priveşte numeroase norme: ortografia şi limbajul, greutatea (Ńigări „light”), sexualitatea (erotismul corpului feminin însoŃind felurite produse), fantasticul (un autoturism

* Dr. Rodica Pascu, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, Facultatea de ŞtiinŃe Socio-Umane, Str. Brutarilor 3, 550201 Sibiu, România. Tel. 0040 0269 218287, e-mail [email protected].

1 Martine Joly, Introducere în analiza imaginii (Bucureşti: Editura ALL, 1998), 65.


REALITY AND SIMULACRA IN DAVID CRONENBERG’S eXistenZ

RENATA REICH*

REALITATE ŞI SIMULACRE ÎN FILMUL eXistenZ, REGIZAT DE DAVID CRONENBERG

Abstract. The director of eXistenZ (released in 1999), David Cronenberg, raises

certain issues related to a culture which is so deeply rooted in everything related to

technology, that it is not able to distinguish between the imaginary and the real,

between organic and mechanic. In the world created by Cronenberg, the most popular

form of entertainment is represented by a game which physically connects to the human

body and which replaces other forms of recreation, dissolving, thus, the thin line which

separates the imaginary from the real. The present article is an attempt at examining and

filtering the ideas exposed in the film, by making use of the insight provided by cultural

theorists Marshall McLuhan and Jean Baudrillard, and it is trying to answer the

question: in what psycho-social direction is humanity headed, taking into consideration

the fact that the effects of technology upon the human mind and body become more and

more visible?

Keywords: eXistenZ, Baudrillard, simulacra, virtual reality.

David Cronenberg’s films have a history in dealing with the exploration of

the manner in which mass media and information in general alter one’s perception

of reality and the surrounding environment. Croneneberg started making independent

movies in the late 1960s, in his hometown Toronto, in Canada. With movies such

as The Brood, Videodrome, an adaptation of William Burroughs’ Naked Lunch in

1991, Cronenberg has been exploring the ways in which media and information

alter the human behavior and perception about reality, by analyzing the affects

different types of media have upon the human mind and body.

David Cronenberg’s eXistenZ, released in 1999, addresses the problems of a

culture which is so plugged into technology that it can no longer distinguish

between fantasy and reality or between what is organic and what is mechanical. In

the world Cronenberg created, the most widespread form of entertainment is

represented by computerized Virtual Reality games which physically plug into the

* Masterand Renata Reich, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, Facultatea de Litere şi Arte,

Bulevardul Victoriei 5–7, 550024 Sibiu, România. Tel. 0040 075 760 3227, e-mail: [email protected].


SFERA ÎNDRUMĂRILOR MORALE DIN PRELUCRĂRILE OVIDIENE ALE LUI VASILE AARON

IOAN-NICOLAE POPA *

THE RANGE OF MORAL TEACHINGS IN VASILE AARON’S ADAPTATIONS AFTER OVID

Abstract. In the Annuals of the Pedagogic-Theological Institute in Sibiu for the years 1899 and 1900, professor Daniil Popovici Barcianu published several previously unknown rhymed productions, which he identified as juvenilia of the Sibiu-based lawyer and writer Vasile Aaron (1780–1821). These writings had been found among the manuscripts left behind by professor Barcianu’s father, Sava Popovici Barcianu, scholar, priest in Răşinari and counsellor of the Orthodox Consistorium in Sibiu. The copy pertaining to the clergyman in Răşinari included eight pieces of text, six of which were mythological writings, adaptations after Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Barcianu only published five of these legends, and even the published ones remained available to a very limited readership. Aaron’s arrangements after Ovid prove once more the attachment shown by the scholars of that time for the „ancestral” Latin literature and are also a perfect example of the Enlightenment concept that states the intellectuals’ plight to work towards the moral edification of the common people. Standing evidence for this are the teachings accompanying each of the legends, where the author feels compelled to give his readership advice and guidance for life.

Keywords: Vasile Aaron, Daniil Popovici Barcianu, Sava Popovici Barcianu,

Pedagogic-Theological Institute, Metamorphoses, Ovid, adaptations after Ovid, moral teachings.

Anuarul Institutului pedagogico-teologic ortodox din Sibiu pe anul 1898–18991,

este dedicat cunoaşterii lui Vasile Aaron, important reprezentant al iluminismului românesc transilvănean. Volumul conŃine un documentat studiu de istorie literară, conŃinând comentarii pertinente şi informaŃii esenŃiale despre viaŃa literatului-avocat, însoŃite de texte, necunoscute până atunci, aparŃinătoare versificatorului transilvănean. Născut la GlogoveŃ, lângă Blaj, pe la 1780, a murit în anul 1821 în

* Ioan-Nicolae Popa, str. Strandului bl. 24 sc. C, ap. 14, 550068 Sibiu, România. Tel. 0040 269

227028, e-mail: [email protected]. 1 XV Programă a Institutului pedagogico-teologic al Archidiecesei ortodoxe române transilvane,

în Sibiiu, pe anul şcolariu 1898/9 (Sibiiu: Tipariul tipografiei archidiecesane, 1899).


DIMENSIUNEA CATEHUMENAL-MĂRTURISITOARE A OPEREI PĂRINTELUI DUMITRU STĂNILOAE.

PROGRAMUL MĂRTURISITOR SURPRINS ÎN „TELEGRAFUL ROMÂN” (1930–1932)1

CONSTANTIN VALER NECULA*

THE CATECHISTIC CONFESSING DIMENSION OF FATHER DUMITRU STĂNILOAIE’S WORKS. THE CONFESSING PROGRAMME

DEPICTED BY THE “ROMANIAN TELEGRAPH” (1930–1932)

Abstract: Father Dumitru Stăniloae image is not less important when his journalistic work is researched. In the context of this research assuming theology of history with orthodox specificity, namely confessing, is the most important feature of journalist Dumitru Stăniloae. Starting from a series of texts published in Romanian Telegraph that is a voice of the Church, uninterrupted since its emergence in 1852, our research concerns only a short period of time from 1930 to 1932, in terms of confessing catechesis. Rich in theological contents, Father’s discourse, a genius of universal Orthodox Dogmatic theology, succeeded in extending to Romanian society of those years and in proposing for generations of priests, intellectuals and believers, a plan of assuming the Evangel as a lifestyle. This research will continue from the need to restore in the pages of Pedagogy of Romanian journalism, at his legitimate place, not only a skill, but an outstanding personality.

Keywords: Dumitru Stăniloae, Romanian Telegraph, writing history, journalism,

education, religion.

Dacă iubeşti teologia, ca ştiinŃă şi ca act a cunoaşterii lui Dumnezeu, nu ai cum nu iubi opera Părintelui Dumitru Stăniloae. Nu e vorba aici de naŃionalism cultural ci de cea mai cordială alcătuire culturală a expresiei româneşti a cunoaşterii. Dacă ar fi să păstrăm demarcaŃiile identificate în blocul teologiei de către Thierry Bedouelle,

1 Întreaga sa contribuŃie poate fi cercetată prin prisma textelor antologate în Dumitru Stăniloae,

Cultură şi Duhovnicie. Articole publicate în Telegraful Român, în Opere complete, vol. I (anii 1930–1936), 909 p.; vol. II (1937–1941), 883 p. şi vol. III (anii 1942–1993), 833 p. (Bucureşti: Editura Basilica a Patriarhiei Române, 2012). Volumele sunt îngrijite şi adnotate editorial de Ion-Dragoş Vlădescu, cel care propune şi o serie de texte introductive binevenite.

* Dr. Constantin Valer Necula, conferenŃiar universitar, Facultatea de Teologie „Andrei Şaguna”, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, str. Mitropoliei nr. 20, 550179 Sibiu, România. Telefon: 0040 0744 504561, email: [email protected].


THEOLOGIA MILITANS. POLEMICI ANTICOMUNISTE ÎN PUBLICISTICA LUI DUMITRU STĂNILOAE

LUCIAN GROZEA*

THEOLOGIA MILITANS. ANTICOMMUNIST CONTROVERSIES IN DUMITRU STĂNILOAE’S PUBLISHING ACTIVITY

Abstract. This study draws the attention on some of the articles written by Father Dumitru Stăniloae against the communist ideology, during his work at the religious publication Telegraful Român (Romanian Telegraph). The relationship between Christianity and the communist ideology, pictured by Dumitru Stăniloae, through the militant journalist’s nib, is one made up of lights and shadows. Such attitudes were legitimized, however, through the doctrine of Christianity, as the journalist and theologian from Sibiu argues.

Keywords: Dumitru Stăniloae, communist ideology, Christianity, religious

publications, journalism.

INTRODUCERE

Între anii 1934–1945, Părintele profesor Dumitru Stăniloae, Rectorul Academiei Teologice „Andreiene” din Sibiu, va ocupa şi funcŃia de redactor-şef al ziarului Telegraful român, publicând în această perioadă 353 articole1, dintre care 46 de atitudini publicistice se vor referi, în general, la relaŃia dintre creştinism şi politică, şi, în special, dintre creştinism şi comunism.

Aşa cum reiese din articolele scrise, se vor învedera diferite poziŃionări ale publicistului teolog, de la polemica vehementă faŃă de comunism, în anii 1933–1944, până la acceptarea şi justificarea istorică a acestei ideologii politice, după actul de la 23 august 1944 şi evenimentele consecvente lui.

Astfel, relaŃia dintre creştinism şi ideologia comunistă, pe care o concepe Dumitru Stăniloae, prin peniŃa publicistului militant, este una alcătuită din lumini şi umbre. Atare atitudini au fost legitimate, însă, de către doctrina creştinismului, după cum argumentează ziaristul şi teologul de la Sibiu. Contextele istorice confirmă şi evocă lipsa unei teologii politice a Ortodoxiei, aşa încât manifestarea

1 Pe acest subiect vezi L. Grozea, Între Agora şi Babel. Culegere de aporii culturale (Publicistica Părintelui Dumitru Stăniloae – o moştenire uitată?), (Quebec: ASLRQ, 2014), 199–216.


LIMBĂ ŞI LITERATURĂ

REMARQUES SUR L’EXPRESSION CONCISE

DANS LES PROVERBES

MARIA-RODICA MIHULECEA*

OBSERVATIONS ON THE CONCISE EXPRESSION IN PROVERBS

Abstract. In this study we have analysed a linguistic aspect of the proverbs concerning the concision in their expression or the language simplification. This concision favours a better understanding of the proverbs and a rapid fastening in the memory of the community whose history and life experience are reflected in these sayings.

Such a characteristic feature is pointed out by the use of a syntactic and a stylistic method – the omission of some elements from the structure of the proverb enunciation. This omission brings about syntactic reorganization without altering the meaning of the communication.

We emphasised especially those constructions where two components having different syntactic functions are missing. Their reorganization on the semantic level is made easier by the verbal and situational context. The chosen examples prove that the principle of saving words is frequently used in proverbs.

Keywords: context, enunciation, proverb, structure, to omit.

CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES

En choisissant comme base pour notre étude les proverbes, nous ne nous proposons pas l’examen de leur contenu, qui renferme la sagesse d’un peuple, les enseignements ressortis de l’expérience et de l’histoire de celui-ci, mais une analyse au niveau de leurs structures linguistiques. On insiste, plus précisément, sur les structures syntaxiques de ces espèces et surtout sur leurs effets, créés dans le contexte situationnel.

Les proverbes sont des énoncés brefs, le plus souvent à structure binaire, dont les deux parties constituantes se trouvent en rapport d’association ou d’opposition. On y remarque ainsi une symétrie qui favorise leur mémorisation, relevant le haut degré de concision de ces espèces. La structure symétrique des proverbes met en corrélation des facteurs linguistiques et stylistiques.

* Dr. Maria-Rodica Mihulecea, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, Bulevardul Victoriei 5-7,

550024 Sibiu, România. Telefon: 0040 0269 215556, e-mail: [email protected].


CUVÂNTUL-VIS ÎN TEXTUL EPISTOLAR

ALINA BAKO*

DREAM-WORD IN EPISTOLARY TEXT

Abstract. The texts of Leonid Dimov letters, collected in the volume under the name Love Letters reveal a biography full of signs of his future creation. The fragments become intimate glimpses of dreams, which called the real strength of the sentiment. The word- dream is in fact a tool, a pharmakon throug the biographical self wants a entry in the world of shadows, of the imagination, because the most important is the emotion following the transmission of the dream legislation. This is the stake of oniric art which seeks to renounce to juggle with the major philosophical theories, returning to the familiar, the seemingly familiar of the existence, as evidenced by analysis of Dimov’s letters between 1943–1954.

Keywords: delirious, epistolary, dream, imaginary, biography.

Punctul de plecare în analiza de faŃă este constituit de nevoia de găsire a unui concept ce poate defini în acelaşi timp eul biografic, cât şi cel creator. Conceptul destul de lax al cuvântului-vis poate suplini lipsa unei formule în care să fie încadrate textele epistolare din volumul Scrisori de dragoste aparŃinându-i lui Leonid Dimov. Deşi răzbate inocenŃa şi entuziasmul frust al adolescenŃei, se poate constata în analiza scrisorilor – schimb impetuos al sentimentelor – o anume situare în sfera oniricului, trăsătură dezvoltată în opera lirică a lui Leonid Dimov.

Pactul epistolar, chiar dacă în cazul lui Leonid Dimov nu este conştient, scrisorile sale fiind publicate mult după moartea sa, presupune ca dominantă latura dialogică, substanŃa ce reiese dintr-un schimb câteodată algoritmic. Conceptul de epistolar, teoretizat de Janet Gurkin Altman vorbeşte despre iluzia pe care o are cititorul care „ca urmare a unei indiscreŃii pătrunde ca prin efracŃie în intimitatea unui dialog privat din care surprinde propunerile în mod necesar autentice”1. Intrând în universul epistolar dimovian descoperim germenii unei lumi originale,

* Dr. Alina Bako, asistent universitar, Departamentul de Studii Romanice, Facultatea de Litere

şi Arte, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, Bulevardul Victoriei 10, 550024 Sibiu, România. Telefon: 40 0745050789. Email: [email protected].

1 J.G. Altman, Epistolarity. Approaches to a Form. (Colombus: Ohio State University Press, 1982), 120.


DESPRE SCRIERE ŞI ORALITATE ÎN TEXTUL SACRU (CARTEA LUI AMOS)

DIDI-IONEL CENUŞER*

WRITING AND ORALITY IN THE RELIGIOUS TEXT (THE BOOK OF AMOS)

Abstract. For more than two millennia, writing and orality have formed one of the most pervasively and obsessively addressed pair of both concepts and realities. The present study traces the critical approaches to these two aspects that define us as human being and underline our cultural emancipation. It discusses the various ways in which orality and writing were critiqued first and foremost by Plato and focuses then on the scholarly contributions made by Joly, Derrida and Ong. Several outstanding Romanian researchers, such as Adrian Marino, Matei Calinescu, and Andrei Cornea, also discussed in view of their essential and most pertinent detailing of the two cultural issues and vistas. The study endeavors an examination of writing and orality features present in The Book of Amos.

Keywords: orality, writing, pharmakon, hermeneutics.

Într-atât de mult s-a scris despre hermeneutica oralităŃii şi scrierii, încât, pe bună dreptate, orice nouă încercare de abordare a lor se poate dovedi superfluă1. Există şi va exista întotdeauna un anumit grad de redundanŃă în tot ce acŃionează obsesiv asupra noastră, iar, de peste două milenii şi jumătate, de pe vremea lui Platon, temele scrierii şi oralităŃii se constituie într-o serie de referinŃe cultural greu, dacă nu chiar imposibil, de ignorat. Literatura însăşi, într-una din accepŃiunile ei, este scriere într-atât încât să determine chiar şi oralitatea precedentă scrierii să fie discutată în cadrele literei. Nu mai puŃin, precum Adrian Marino observă, ne confruntăm şi cu, tot atât de relevantă, „travestirea oralităŃii prin literă”2. łine şi aceasta de faptul, menŃionat de Walter J. Ong, că „oralitatea are atât nevoie şi este sortită să producă scriere”3.

* Dr. Didi-Ionel Cenuşer, conferenŃiar universitar, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, Bulevardul Victoriei 5–7, 550024 Sibiu, România. Telefon: 0040269215556, 0040754583837. E-mail: cdionez@ yahoo.com, [email protected].

1 ŞtiinŃă a interpretării, hermeneutica este totuşi uneori definită în termeni deloc onoranŃi. Richard M. Rorty, neopragmaticianul american, nota că „aceasta [hermeneutica] a ajuns un cuvânt de ordine al mişcărilor intelectuale [...], având, în primul rând, un înŃeles negativ, reprezentând ceva ce nu este investigaŃie ştiinŃifică”.

2 Adrian Marino, „Scriere şi vorbire”, Revista de istorie şi teorie literară, nr. 3/84. 3 Walter J. Ong, Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (London and New

York: Methuen & Co, 1982), 15.


TEACHING RELIGIOUS REFERENCES IN WILLIAM FAULKNER’S ABSALOM, ABSALOM!

DANIELA DURALIA*

TRIMITERI RELIGIOASE ÎN ABSALOM, ABSALOM! AL LUI WILLIAM FAULKNER

Abstract. A review of the literature of William Faulkner’s use of religious references reveals that there is much criticism about Faulkner’s use of religious references, but little on how they could be taught. For this reason, the current study analyzes this gap in the literature and elaborates on a new, constructive teaching method based on the teacher’s scaffolding and on the relevance of different kinds of interactive activities by which students can unveil Faulkner’s intentions of using religious references. Consequently, in addition to decoding meaning by using different resources, students learn to make worldwide connections and develop different perspectives. As for the teachers, the study calls for a very well organized plan before they begin the teaching process.

Keywords: Bible, decode meaning, interactive, teaching.

INTRODUCTION

Critics have discussed much about the barrier that Faulkner’s use of religious allusions creates between readers and their understanding of the text. Accompanying students during a planned study of one of Faulkner’s most complex novels, Absalom, Absalom! increases students’ motivation. In addition, getting a grasp of Faulkner’s use of religious analogies in this novel can enable students to handle out further reading of Faulkner’s works as well. While reading one of Faulkner novels – The Sound and the Fury, Light in August, As I Lay Dying and Go Down, Moses – students can identify the use of the same kind of religious references they have studied in Absalom, Absalom!

It comes out that even after having had a deep look into Faulkner’s use of narrative techniques and having understood how the story is welded together in one of his most complex novels, Absalom, Absalom!, students continue to find certain passages obscure. Because of this, in order to have a proper understanding of the

* English Teacher, Commission scolaire de Montréal, Montréal, Canada, 4875 Av. Dufferin,

apt. 517, H3x 2Z2, Montréal, Canada, [email protected].


LA POARTA DORULUI DE VIORICA EUGENIA STOICA – O ABORDARE ESTETICO-ETNOGRAFICĂ

CLEMENTINA-ALEXANDRA MIHĂILESCU*

AT THE GATE OF LONGING BY VIORICA EUGENIA STOICA – A TWOFOLD APPROACH AESTHETICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL

Abstract. The paper is focused on the folklore customs from the Venetia de Jos village, situated in the Olt County, in the vicinity of the Fagaras town, as they have been described by the gifted village teacher Viorica Eugenia Stoica. The description is filled with melancholy, appreciation and intense human emotions. The methodology is based on Bachelard’s concept of profoundness and on Poenaru’s approach to the semiotics of light. They are meant to put into light the diversity and specificity of the customs presented in Stoica’s ethnographical contribution.

Keywords: At the Gate of Longing, Viorica Eugenia Stoica, Bachelard, VeneŃia

de Jos, folklore.

Studiul La poarta dorului este o descriere încărcată de vibraŃie sufletească şi extrem de riguros organizată a vieŃii locuitorilor din satul VeneŃia de Jos, din Ńara Oltului. Lucrarea aparŃine învăŃătoarei satului, doamna Viorica Eugenia Stoica, care, alături de soŃul ei, Nicolae Stoica, a parcurs itinerariul atât de complex de dascăl, timp de şase decenii căutând să surprindă valorile autentice ale satului de altădată.

Însăşi autoarea ne informează că doreşte din tot sufletul ca „această lucrare să rămână o dovadă a trecerii noastre prin această lume, stând mărturie a faptului că dascălul este făclia care se stinge luminând” (prefaŃa cărŃii La poarta dorului).

Deşi autoarea nu a avansat nici o clipă pretenŃia de a fi realizat un studiu etnografic, ea descrie cu competenŃă profesională şi ancorare exemplară în acea realitate, structura satului, gospodăriile caracteristice zonei, cunoscute sub numele de „nemestii”, elementele de interior ale locuinŃelor tradiŃionale ce constau din casa „dinainte” şi tinda, toate înfrumuseŃate cu Ńesături de calitate, produse în propriile gospodării şi cu mobilier realizat de specialişti în arta meşteşugului.

* Dr. Clementina-Alexandra Mihăilescu, lector universitar, Departamentul de Studii Anglo – Americane şi Germanistice, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, Bulevardul Victoriei 5–7, 550024 Sibiu, România. Telefon: 0040 0743 296623, e-mail: [email protected].


STENDHAL ET LES PROBLÈMES DE LA RÉCEPTION

RODICA BRAD*

STENDHAL AND RECEPTION’S PROBLEMS

Abstract. This article aims at analyzing Stendhal’s interest towards the addressee of his literary and non-literary discourse, as well as the major novelty that his view of literary perception brings to this field. Stendhal was contemporary with the Romantic movement to which he had a major contribution with his essay, Racine and Shakespeare, precisely to the imposition of the new taste and the new literary norms of Romantism. In this essay, he observes the out of date character of Molière and Racine’s works, however adapted to the century they represented and in which they were born, but not sufficiently adapted to the public of the first half of the XIXth century. In consequence, Stendhal pleades for the New Theatre. One of the main issues Stendhal analyzed was how a writer of his age may be liked by the public. Even his definition of Romantism expresses this point of view, especially emphasizing the obligation for a literary creation to be adapted to its age and to offer the greatest pleasure possible for its readers. Stendhal was a great and passionate reader of his time, he had often expressed himself concerning his contemporary works, and regarding his own literature he was absolutely convinced that his work would especially be read by the 1880 public. His intuition was confirmed by the reality.

Keywords: Racine, Molière, romanticism, novel, public, critique, Balzac, reader.

I. STENDHAL CRITIQUE

Comme critique, Stendhal a eu la position ferme d’affirmer dans son essai Racine et Shakespeare que les œuvres des grands écrivains français classiques du XVIIe siècle étaient déjà à son époque, ça veut dire à l’époque où il a vécu, plus exactement la première moitié du XIXe siècle, des œuvres datées, correspondant à un goût littéraire classé, dépassé, périmé. Par cet essai qu’il a écrit en deux variantes, celle de 1823 et celle de 1825 et qui est connu surtout en rapport avec la nouvelle esthétique romantique en train de s’imposer et qu’il voulait par cet essai même promouvoir, Stendhal avait le courage inouï d’affirmer la nécessité sans

* Dr. Rodica Maria Brad, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, Departamentul de Studii Romanice,

Bulevardul Victoriei 10, 550024 Sibiu, România. Tel. +40 269 216062, e-mail: [email protected].


Documents

vol. XXII. 2015