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Friday, 11 October 1946 SCIENCE In This Issue The Cultural Understanding and Appreciation of the Scientific Approach Ralph H. Ojemann Boris Aleksandrovich Keller Vladimir C. Asmous Technical Papers Obituary Letters to the Editor News and Notes Book Reviews Scientific Book Register Table of Contents, Page 2 Published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science 113th AAAS Meeting-Boston, 26-31 December 1946 VOL. 104 No. 2702 PAGES 335-356

VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

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Page 1: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

Friday, 11 October 1946

SCIENCEIn This Issue

The Cultural Understanding and Appreciation of theScientific Approach

Ralph H. Ojemann

Boris Aleksandrovich KellerVladimir C. Asmous

Technical Papers Obituary Letters to the Editor

News and Notes Book Reviews

Scientific Book Register

Table of Contents, Page2

Published by the

American Association for the Advancement of Science

113th AAAS Meeting-Boston, 26-31 December 1946

VOL. 104 No. 2702 PAGES 335-356

Page 2: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

Seat

of

Satisfaction

(Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat tolowest point. (Center) The Stool holds automatically at any point to which it is raised.

(Right) Mechanism is released by pulling seat to highest point.

* Adjustable Height

* Seat Revolves

* All-Metal

* Substantial

* Long Life

Far superior in convenience to an ordinary wooden stool, theFisher Laboratory Utility Stool is immediately adjustable in heightto suit the needs of different workers at low tables or higher benches.It is made of heavy gauge pressed steel and is unique because of itsintegral locking clutch mechanism. This patented feature permitsquick changing of seat level (between 17" to 26" from floor) andautomatic holding of the seat at the height to which it has beenraised.

The seat of this Stool revolves so that you glide (rather than"twist") into and out of any desired working position.

No tools are required to place the Laboratory Utility Stool inuse; none are necessary to adjust its height, and there are no roughsurfaces to snag clothing. Each, $10.50

Obtainable from stock along with other laboratory requirements from:

Manufacturera-Distributor.

FISHER SCIENTIFIC CO. EIMER AND AMEND717 Forbes St, Pittsburgh (19), Pa. Greenwich and Morton Streets2109 Locust St., St Louis (3), Mo. New York (14), New York

In Canada: Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd., 904 St. James Street, Montreal, Quebec

Page 3: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

CromwellIsHealth of the School Child

The author of this unique new book tells how to maintain chleelh oa o anh aealtheworld tomorrow. She describes the parts that the teacher, doctor, nurseadprnshould play in conserving and preserving the health of the school child. Her ultimate

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The book gives a wealth of specific information on proper activities for boys and girls and

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Millard and King'sHuman Anatomy and Physiology

Second Edition. This textbook represents one of the most significant contributions tothe teaching of elementary anatomy and physiology in print today. Outstanding for itssuperb balance and refreshing style, it covers the basic facts essential in the study ofhuman anatomy and physiology. Anatomical systems serve as a basis for the under-standing of physiological principles.

Such subjects as Pseudostratified Epithelium, Chemical Changes during Muscle Contrac-tion, and Sensory Mechanisms are fully discussed. The Physiology of the Muscle, theArterial Pulse, the Nerve Impulse, Cerebrospinal Fluid, etc., are presented with specialattention-to recent advances in knowledge. There are 44 new illustrations, bringing thetotal to 296.By NELLIE D. MILLARD, R.N., M.A., Instructor in Anatomy and Physiology, School of Nursing, Michael ReeseHospital, Chicago; and BARRY G. KING, Ph.D., Lieutenant, U.S.N.R.. Naval Medical Research Institute, NationalNaval Medical Center, Bethesda, Md. 514 pages, 297 illustrations, 43 in color. $3.00.

Millard and Showers'Laboratory Manual of Anatomy and Physiology

A new laboratory manual designed to give the student actual contact with real objects ofnature. As he follows the clearcut directions for each experiment, he will find anatomyand physiology becoming much more than a mere theoretical discussion of structure andfunction. He will see actual tissues, nerves and arteries, will learn the interrelation ofevery function of the body, and be able to watch with understanding muscle action,respiration and circulation taking place in human specimens.

The exercises of this manual include the study of living animals, dissection of the rabbit,frog, the embalmed cat, guinea pig and butcher shop specimen; microscopic examinationof living and prepared tissues and investigation of physiological phenomena.By NELLIE D. MILLARD, R.N., B.S., M.A., Instructor in Anatomy and Physiology, Michael Reese Hospital Schoolof Nursing, Chicago; and MARY JANE C. SHOWERS, R.N., B.S., Instructor in Anatomy and Physiology, the ChristHospital School of Nursing, Cincinnati, Ohio. 119 pages, illustrated. $1.00.

W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, West Washington Square, Phila. 5

-------------

1111 ---I

111 October 1946

Page 4: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

SCIENCEEditor: Willard L. Valentine

Assistant Editor: Mildred Atwood Advertising Manager: Theo. J. ChristensenPolioy Committee: Malcolm H. Soule, Roger Adams, Walter R. Miles and Kirtley F. Mather

VOL. 104 FRIDAY, 11 OCTOBER 1946 No. 2702

Contents

The Cultural Understanding and Appreciation of

the Scientific Approach: Ralph H. Ojemann ................ 335

OBITUARY

Boris Aleksandrovich Keller: Vladimir C. Asmous 339

TECHNICAL PAPERS

An Iron-binding Component in Human Blood

Plasma: Arthur L. Schade and Leona Caroline ... 340

Origin of Nitrogen in Natural Gases:

George H. Cady ........ .................................. 341

The Intestinal Absorption of Penicillin G:

Victor P. Seeberg, Paul L. Illg, and

DorisJane Brown ......... ................................. 342

Toxicity of DDT Isomers to Some Insects Affect-

ing Man:

Stanley J. Cristol, H. L. Haller, and

A.W. Lindquist ........ .................................. 343

Blood Sugar Level Following Intravenous Glucose

in Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Joseph E. Flynn and Oliver J. Irish .............................. 344

NEWS AND NOTES ........ .......... 346

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Use of Perchloric Acid as an Oxidizing Agent:

E. Gordon Young and Roberta B. Campbell .. 353

Safety and the Direction of Rotation of the Auto-

mobile Engine: Harold Lamport.. 353

The Etymology of "Fission": Edwin G. Boring ... 354

Pleistocene Fossils in Eocene Rock From New

Jersey: Horace.G. Richards ..- 354

"Container-Dent Sensitivity" of Explosives:

Garret L.Schuyler.............................................................................. 354

BOOK REVIEWS

Mathematical theory of elasticity: I. S. Sokolnikoff

(with the collaboration of R. D. Specht).

Reviewed by C. W. MacGregor.. 355

SCIENTIFIC BOOK REGISTER 356

ScIENcE: A Weekly Journal, since 1900 the official organ Communications relative to advertising should be addressedof the American Association for the Advancement of Science. to THEO. J. CHRISTENSEN, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.,Published by the American Association for the Advancement Washington 5, D. C.of Science every Friday at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Communications relative to membership In the Association

and to all matters of business of the Association should beCommunications relative to articles offered for publication addressed to the Administrative Secretary, AAAS, 1515 Mas-

should be addressed to Editor, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, sachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5 D. C.N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Annual subscription, $7.50 Single copies, 25 cents

Entered as second-class matter July 18, 1923 at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

Page 5: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

HAWK, OSER & SUMMERSONPractical Physiological Chemistry-12th EditionExtensive progress is the keynote of this famous text and laboratory guide. The style is straight-forward and understandable, written to instruct both the student and the physician. Among themany advances presented in the light of their clinical applications are included the modern con-cepts of protein structure and enzyme action, intermediary metabolism, the newly discoveredvitamins, antivitamins and antibiotics, etc.The new chapters dealing with gastric function, respiratory metabolism, blood chemistry, nutri-tion, deficiency diseases and the physiological availability of the vitamins are of special interest.Descriptions of laboratory procedures are lucid and concise and are accompanied by clinicalinterpretations of the findings in disease.Among the newer technics given special attention are: the Warburg method for the study oftissue respiration, microbiological assays for amino acids in vitamins, antibiotics (penicillin,etc.), polarography, manometric methods, and bioassays. A fundamental yet comprehensivediscussion of colorimetry, photometry, spectophotometry, fluorometry and turbidimetry is in-eluded in the chapter on blood analysis, and methods are described so that they can be adaptedto both colorimetric and photometric measurement.A series of new compounds of biochemical and clinical interest are presented in this edition-strepogenin, pteroylglutamic acid, the penicillins, avidin, neo-vitamin A, cholinesterase, etc.The broad academic and practical experience of the authors (Dr. P. B. Hawk and Dr. B. L. Oserof the Food Research Laboratories, and Prof. W. H. Summerson of Cornell University MedicalCollege, ensures the timeliness and scientific accuracy of this text).

Numerous Illus. and Color Plates. $8.00

THE BLAKISTON COMPANYPHILADELPHIA 5, PENNA.

311 October 1946

Page 6: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VoL 104, No. 2702

IMPULSE REOISTERAccurately registere up to lxy- IaV

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For new workers, the use of a cathode ray oscillograph, givingan excellent visual pattern of the pulses, is recommended. The

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radioactivity Is transmitted into the GeOger Tube through thelatters thin mica window. Impulses from the tube oar ampli-fied and extinguished by a First Stage. This pases the im-

pulses on to the Counter Set where they are ampflod, scdleon a scae of eight and Indicated on the Impulse Register.

GEIGER MULLER COUNTER

An especially fine piece of equipment with

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Page 7: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

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moU~uuu~rb~bI dae to ael"wrinklei ~P.K.Y

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Page 8: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS Vol. 104, No. 2702

HOTEL RESERVATIONS

113th AAAS MEETINGBoston, 26,31 December 1946

The list of hotels and the reservation blank reau in Boston for clearance and assign-below are for your convenience in making ment. Mailing your application now will

your hotel room reservation in Boston.Your application is to be sent, not to the be of material assistance in securing hotelhotel directly, but to AAAS Housing Bu- accommodations.

HOTELS AND

E OTEL

Avery, 24 Avery St.Bellevue. 21 Beacon St.Bradford, 275 Tremont St.Braemore, 464 Commonwealth AvenueBroadway, 315 Tremont St.Buckminster, 645 Beacon St.Charlesgate, 53.5 Beacon St.Commander (Cambridge), 16 Garden St.Commonwealth, 86 Bowdoin St.Continental (Cambridge), 25 Garden St.Copley Plaza, Copley Sq.Copley Square, 47 Huntington Ave.Essex, South StationFensgate, 534 Beacon St.Gardner, 199 Mass. Ave.Kenmore, Kenmore Sq.Lenox, Exeter St.Lincolnshire, 20 Charles St.Manger, North StationMinerva, 214 Huntington Ave.Myles Standish, 30 Bay State Rd.Parker House, 60 School St.Pioneer (for women), 410 Stuart St.Puritan, 390 Commonwealth Ave.Sheraton, 91 Bay State Rd.Statler. Park Sq.Touraine, 62 Boylston St.Vendome, 160 Commonwealth Ave.Boston City Club, 14 Somerset St.University Club of Boston, 40 Trinity PL.

RESERVATION PRICES

SINGLE DOUBLEDouble Twin Beds

$2.75 to $3.30 $4.40 $5.503.30 to 4.40 4.95 to $5.50 6.60 to $7.703.30 to 3.85 5.00 to 6.00 6.00 to 7.003.50 to 4.40 5.50 to 6.60 6.60 to 7.702.503.00 to 3.503.85 to 4.403.302.503.30 to 4.404.40 to 7.702.75 to 3.303.30

4.00 to 5.002.503.85 to 4.403.303.30 to 4.403.00 to 4.402.50 to 3.003.30 to 4.403.85 to 4.402.00 to 3.003.853.30 to 4.403.85 to 5.503.30 to 4.403.30 to 4.403.503.50

4.50 to 5.005.50 to 6.604.40

5.506.60 to 7.704.40 to 5.504.406.004.40 to 5.505.50 to 6.604.40 to 5.505.50 to 6.60

4.40 to 5.504.00 to 5.004.40 to 6.605.50 to 6.604.00 to 5.006.605.50 to 6.60

5.50 to 7.704.50 to 5.50

4.40 to 5.505.505.50

6.00

5.50 to 6.604.506.607.70 to 8.806.605.507.00

6.60 to 7.706.60

6.60

6.60 to 7.706.60 to 7.70

6.60 to 8.806.60 to 7.706.60

(All rates subject to any increases authorized by OPA)

-Thisis your HOTEL RESERVATION BLANK * Mailnow-

AAAS Housing BureauConvention Bureau, Chamber of Commerce,80 Federal Street, Boston 10, Massachusetts 1Please reserve the following accommodations for the AAAS Boston Session. Attached find list giving nameof each guest in my party. |

Hotel Type Accommodations Desired

First Choice .Single Room .Rate.Double Room

..... .Rate..

Second Choice.Twin Bed Room .............. Rate.

TSuite .Rate.Third Choice No. in Party ...........

Date of Arrival ............. Departure Date ............... (These must be indicated)

Signed . ........................................................................................................

Street Address. ................................................................................................

City . Zone . . State ................................

Rooms wil be assigned and confirmed In order of receipt of reservationScience 10-11-46

6

Page 9: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

*~~a.a9$r emn

FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES

General Biochemicals Incorporated offers the fol-lowing products as a special service to investigatorsstudying nutritional problems. Each lot has beenlaboratory tested to assure uniform compositionand results.

"VITAMIN FREE" CASEIN HYDROLYSATE GBI is a 10 per cent solution of acid-hydrolysed, purified casein. When suitably supplemented it will supportexcellent growth of the organisms employed for microbiological procedures,including U. S. P. XII niacin and niacinamide assay.

*BASAL MEDIUM STOCK SOLUTION GBI has been developed to fill a growingdemand for a complete medium suitable for microbiological riboflavin assay,U. S. P. XII.

*YEAST SUPPLEMENT SOLUTION GBI is offered as a convenience to investigatorswho prepare their own media for microbiological research.

SUPPLEMENTAL INGREDIENTS are also supplied, such as crystalline vitamins,amino acids and purine bases.

These GBI products, as well as a wide range ofother rare chemicals of biological significance, areconveniently packaged and economically priced.Write for our complete descriptive price list.

*New products

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1

11 October 1946 7

Page 10: VOL. 104 No. Friday, 11 October 1946 PAGES SCIENCE · Seat of Satisfaction (Left) The locking mechanism of the Laboratory Utility Stool is re-set by pushing the seat to lowest point

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich., use

this Micromax Recorder to show the

constant purity of the sterile, double-

distilled, pyrogen-free water which is

one oftheir products. Shown below

is the equipment's metal-boxed con-

ductivity-cell assembly.

F~~~~~ora ater

An overall check of the purity of water from any automatic

still is provided by a Micromax Recorder of the type shown

here.

This- instrument can warn the chemist or biologist against

such difficulties as using water before entrained air has been

swept out of the still. It also warns if improper or carelessoperation causes foaming or priming, and thus carries undis-

tilled water to the effluent. Regardless of cause, if the efflu-

ent isn't of the desired conductivity, the Micromax indicates

the fact,and can of course operate an alarm light or bell if

required.

One of the equipment's greatest advantages, in a large lab-

oratory, is that the automatically-drawn record chart gives

written proof of water purity.

Catalog EN-95 describes the equipment and will be sent

on request, but if you have a definite application in mind,

an L&N engineer will be glad to supply individualizedinformation.

| LEEDS & NORTHRUP COMPANY, 4926 STENTON AVE., PHILA. 44, PA.~~~~~~~~~~~~ mMEASURING INSTRUMENTS - TELEMETERS * AUTOMATIC CONTROLS * HfEATTREATING FURNACES

Jrl Ad N-95(3)

8 Vol. 104, No. 2702