-Hard Palate

Is a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth. It spans the arch formed by the upper teeth.

-Lower Lip (also called “underlip”)

Covers the anterior body of the mandible. It is a lowered by the depressor labii inferioris muscle.

-Tongue

Is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebraes which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds.

-Soft Palate (velum)

Is the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth. The soft palate is distinguished from the hard palate at the front of the mouth in that it does not contain bone.

-Alveolar Ridge

Is one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind, the lower teeth. The alveolar ridge contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth.

-Larynx

Commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of mammals (including humans) involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume.

The larynx houses the vocald folds (commonly but improperly termed the “vocal cords”), which are essential for phonation.

-Lower and Upper Teeth

Are small, calcified, whitish structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to break down food. The roots of teeth are covered by gums. Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of multiple tissues of varying density and hardness.

-Pharynx The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections: the nasopharynx (epipharynx), the oropharynx (mesopharynx), and the laryngopharynx. The pharynx is part of the digestive system and also the respiratory system; it is also important in vocalization. -Nose Is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum,, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils. The nose has an area of specialised cells which are responsible for smelling (part of the olfactory system). Another function of the nose is the conditioning of inhaled air, warming it and making it more humid. Hairs inside the nose prevent large particles from entering the lungs. -Upper Lip Covers the anterior surface of the body of the maxilla. Its upper half is of usual skin color and has a deppresion at its centre, directly under the nasal septum, called the philtrum, while its lower half is a markedly different, red-colored skin tone more similar to the colour of the inside of the mouth, and the term vermillion refers to the colored portion of either the upper or lower lip.