Vocabulary Unit 5 5A

dwarfnoun [C]     /dwɔːf/an imaginary creature like a little man, in children's stories: Snow White and the Seven Dwarves

abbreviationnoun [C]     /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/a shorter form of a word or phrase, especially used in writing: A doctor is often called a 'GP', an abbreviation for 'general practitioner'.

to allowverb [T]     /əˈlaʊ/to give someone permission for something:[often passive] Smoking is not allowed in the restaurant. Are dogs allowed in the hotel?[+ to do sth] You are not allowed to use calculators UK in the exam/US on the exam.[+ two objects] Patients are not allowed visitors after nine o'clock.

averageadjective     /ˈævərɪdʒ/usual and like the most common type: an average person, an average dayAMOUNT [always before noun] An average amount is calculated by adding some amounts together and then dividing by the number of amounts: an average age/temperature

Communicative Exercise Pg 101

frustratedadjective     /frʌsˈtreɪtɪd/   /ˈfrʌstreɪtɪd/annoyed because things are not happening in the way that you want, or in the way that they should: I'm very frustrated at/with my lack of progress.

irritableadjective     /ˈɪrɪtəbl/becoming annoyed very easily: Jack's been irritable all day.

compared to/with sb/sth used when saying how one person or thing is different from another: This room is very tidy compared to mine.

to take it/things easyto relax and not use too much energy: After his heart attack, he had to take things easy for a while.

easy-goingadjective     /ˌiːziˈɡəʊɪŋ/relaxed and not easily upset or worried

life in the fast lanea way of living that is full of excitement, activity, and often danger: Parties and women - his was a life in the fast lane.

to rushverb     /rʌʃ/to hurry or move quickly somewhere, or to make someone or something hurry or move quickly some where: We rushed out into the street to see what all the noise was. The UN has rushed medical supplies to the war zone.[+ to do sth] We had to rush to catch the bus.

projectnoun [C]     /ˈprɒdʒekt/a carefully planned piece of work that has a particular purpose: a research project The new building project will cost $45 million. My next project will be to paint the bedrooms.

productiveadjective     /prəˈdʌktɪv/producing a good or useful result: We had a very productive meeting and sorted out a lot of problems. 

to sufferverb     /ˈsʌfər/to experience pain or unpleasant emotions: I can't bear to see animals suffering.

Listening Pg 37

tipnoun [C]     /tɪp/a piece of useful advice: gardening tips, Emma was giving me some tips on how to grow tomatoes.MONEY  

in practice If something is true in practice, this is the real situation: In practice, the new laws have had little effect.     

to slow down— phrasal verb with slow     /sləʊ/   /sloʊ/ verb [I or T]to be less active and relax more: The doctor has told him to slow down or he'll have a heart attack. 

prioritynoun     /praɪˈɒrəti/[C] something that is very important and that must be dealt with before other things: My first/top priority is to find somewhere to live.

to multitasknoun [U] (PERSON)    /ˌmʌl.tiˈtɑːs.kɪŋ/   /-ti̬ˈtæs-/› a person's ability to do more than one thing at a time: Women are often very good at multitasking.

benchnoun [C]     /bentʃ/

 a long seat for two or more people, usually made of wood or metal: a park bench

to go by— phrasal verb with go     /ɡəʊ/ verb [I] (PRESENT PARTICIPLE going, PAST TENSE went, PAST PARTICIPLE gone)

 If time goes by, it passes: The days went by really slowly.

to focus (sth) on sth— phrasal verb with focus     /ˈfəʊkəs/ verb (PRESENT PARTICIPLE focusing, PAST TENSE AND PAST PARTICIPLE focused)

to give a lot of attention to one particular subject or thing: The research focused on men under thirty.

WB Pg 31

villagenoun [C]     /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/a place where people live in the countryside that includes buildings such as shops and a school but which is smaller than a town: She lives in a small village outside Oxford.

to interruptverb     /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/to stop someone while they are talking or doing something, by saying or doing something yourself: Sorry to interrupt, but what time is it? I was trying to work but the children were interrupting me.

MBAnoun [C]     /ˌembiːˈeɪ/ ABBREVIATION FOR Master of Business Administration: an advanced degree in business, or a person who has this degree:

the stock exchangenoun     (ALSO the stock market,     ) the place where stocks and shares in companies are bought and sold

to retireverb [I]     /rɪˈtaɪər/to leave your job and stop working, usually because you are old: She retired from the company in 2010.

     to directverb     /dɪˈrekt, daɪˈrekt/ to organize and control the way something is done: He directed the building of the new art gallery.

5B

to dress up

to wear special clothes in order to change your appearance, usually for a game or party:He dressed up as Superman for the party.

inhabitantnoun [C]     /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/someone who lives in a particular place: a city with 10 million inhabitants

to pretendverb [I, T]     /prɪˈtend/to behave as if something is true when it is not:[+ (that)] I can't pretend that I like him.[+ to do sth] Were you just pretending to be interested? She's not really hurt - she's only pretending.

Vocab Pg 156

templenoun [C]     /ˈtempl/a building where people in some religions go to pray or worship: a Buddhist temple

cathedralnoun [C]     /kəˈθiːdrəl/the largest and most important church in a particular area

to polluteverb [T]     /pəˈluːt/to make water, air, soil, etc dirty or harmful: We need a fuel that won't pollute the environment.

key ringnoun [C]    a metal ring used for keeping keys together

greengrocer's a shop where you buy fruit and vegetables

Writing Pg 114

industrynoun     /ˈɪndəstri/the production of goods in factories: heavy industry

blocknoun [C]     /blɒk/a large building containing many apartments or offices: UK a block of flats

residentialadjective     /ˌrezɪˈdenʃəl/A residential area has only houses and not offices or factories.

famous (for)adjective     /ˈfeɪməs/known or recognized by many people: a famous actress, New York is a city famous for its shopping and nightlife.

symbolnoun [C]     /ˈsɪmbəl/a sign or object that is used to represent something: A heart shape is the symbol of love.

well-knownadjective     /ˌwelˈnəʊn/famous: a well-known actor

paraglidingnoun [U]     /ˈpær.əˌɡlaɪ.dɪŋ/   /ˈper-/the sport of jumping out of an aircraft with a special parachute that allows you to travel a long horizontal distance before you land

championshipnoun [C]     /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/a competition to find the best team or player in a particular game or sport: The world championship will be held in this country next year.

specialitynoun [C]   /ˌspeʃiˈæləti/ UK (US specialty,     /ˈspeʃəlti/)a product, skill, etc that a person or place is especially known for:We tasted a local speciality made from goat's cheese.

spicenoun     /spaɪs/a substance made from a plant, which is used to give a special taste to food: herbs and spices

waterfallnoun [C]     /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/a stream of water that flows from a high place, often to a pool below

5C

sunscreennoun [C,  U ]     /ˈsʌnskriːn/

a substance that protects your skin in the sun

habitnoun (REPEATED ACTION)    /ˈhæb.ɪt/

something that you do often and regularly, sometimes without knowing that you are doing it: I always buy the same brand of toothpaste just out of (= because of) habit.

brainnoun     /breɪn/

the organ inside the head that controls thought, memory, feelings, and activity: Doctors tried desperately to reduce the swelling in her brain. The accident left him with permanent brain damage.

to preventverb [T]     /prɪˈvent/

to stop something from happening or someone from doing something: Label your suitcases to prevent confusion.[+ -ing verb] His disability prevents him (from) driving.

anxiousadjective (WORRIED)    /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/

worried and nervous: My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don't arrive when we say we will.

diabetesnoun [U]     /ˌdaɪəˈbiː.tiːz/   /-tə̬s/

a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood

diseasenoun     /dɪˈziːz/

an illness of people, animals, plants, etc., caused by infection or a failure of health rather than by an accident:a contagious/infectious diseasea common/rare/incurable/fatal diseaseThey reported a sudden outbreak of the disease in the south of the country.

cancer a serious disease that is caused when cells in the body grow in a way that is uncontrolled and not normal, killing normal cells and often causing death: He died of liver cancer.

immune systemnoun [C   usually singular ]    

the cells and tissues in the body that make it able to protect itself against infection

immuneadjective     /ɪˈmjuːn/

protected against a particular disease by particular substances in the blood: Most people who've had chickenpox once are immune to it for the rest of their lives. He seems to be immune to colds - he just never gets them.

inventionnoun [C   or   U ] (NEW DESIGN)    /ɪnˈven.ʃən/

something that has never been made before, or the process of creating something that has never been made before: The world changed rapidly after the invention of the phone.

Necessity is the mother of inventionSAYING

an expression that means that if you really need to do something, you will think of a way of doing it

antioxidantnoun [C]     /ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənt/   /-ti̬-/

a substance that slows down the rate at which something decays because of oxidization (= combining with oxygen)

heart diseasenoun [U]    

a medical condition affecting the heart: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in many Western countries.

As a result of sthbecause of something: Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.

intellectualadjective     /ˌɪn.təlˈek.tju.əl/   /-tə̬lˈek.tʃu-/

relating to your ability to think and understand things, especially complicated ideas :Looking after a baby at home all day is nice but it doesn't provide much intellectual stimulation. I like detective stories and romances - nothing too intellectual.

stimulatingadjective     /ˈstɪm.jʊ.leɪ.tɪŋ/   /-tɪ̬ŋ/

If something is stimulating, it encourages new ideas: a stimulating discussion Universities have been asked to make their courses more attractive and stimulating.› describes someone who makes you feel enthusiastic and full of ideas: a really stimulating teacher› If an activity is stimulating, it causes your body to be active: Aerobics is one of the most stimulating forms of exercise.

psychologynoun [U]     /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/   /-ˈkɑː.lə-/

the scientific study of the way the human mind works and how it influences behaviour, or the influence of a particular person's character on their behaviour: She studied psychology at Harvard.

to behaveverb [I]     /bɪˈheɪv/

to act  in a particular way: She always behaves well/badly when her aunts come to visit.

to have sth in common to share interests, experiences, or other characteristics with someone or something: We don't really have much in common.

Practical English

keep up (with sb/sth)— phrasal verb with keep     /kiːp/ verb (kept, kept) to do whatever is necessary to stay level or equal with someone or something: He started to walk faster and the children had to run to keep up. Wages are failing to keep up with inflation.

to be in good/bad/great, etc shape

in good/bad, etc health or condition: She runs every day so she's in pretty good shape.

portionnoun [C]     /ˈpɔːʃən/

the amount of food served to one person, especially in a restaurant:Breakfast was delicious - and the portions were huge!

enormousadjective     /ɪˈnɔːməs/

extremely large:This living room is enormous.They spent an enormous amount of money on the project.

keenadjective     /kiːn/

very interested or enthusiastic: a keen golfer/photographerHe's very keen on travelling.

fitadjective     /fɪt/ (fitter, fittest)

 healthy, especially because you exercise regularly: He's very fit for his age.→ OPPOSITE unfit

to impressverb [I   or   T ,  not continuous ]     /ɪmˈpres/

 to cause someone to admire or respect you: I remember when I was a child being very impressed with how many toys she had. Your mother was clearly not impressed by our behaviour in the restaurant. He tried to impress me with his extensive knowledge of wine.

to come by (somewhere)— phrasal verb with come     /kʌm/ verb (came, come)

to visit a place for a short time, often when you are going somewhere else:I'll come by (the office/your house) one day this week and we can have a chat.

refundnoun [C]     /ˈriː.fʌnd/

an amount of money that is given back to you, especially because you are nothappy with a product or service that you have bought:I took the radio back to the shop and asked for/demanded/got/was given a refund.