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SS.2.3.HS.2 1
Vocabulary
• Tokugawa Ieyasu• Zen• Shogun• Daimyo• Samurai• Bushido
SS.2.3.HS.2 2
Japan’s Feudal Age
SS.2.3.HS.2 3
Japanese Feudalism Emerges
• Power struggles erupted in Japan– Warrior aristocracy dominated society
• Emperor was head of Japanese feudal society– Powerless – just a figurehead
• Shogun – supreme military commander– Shogunate established in 1192– First of three military dynasties – 700
years
SS.2.3.HS.2 4
SS.2.3.HS.2 5
The World of Warriors
• Shogun distributed land to vassals– Vassals gave military support
in times of need• Shogun (daimyo)– Lesser lords known as
samurai• Means those who serve
– Fighting aristocracy (knights)
SS.2.3.HS.2 6
Samurai
• Heavily armed and trained in fighting skills
• Developed their own code of values (bushido)– Honor– Bravery– Absolute loyalty to one’s lord
• If you betrayed bushido, expected to commit ritual suicide rather than live without honor.
SS.2.3.HS.2 7
Status of Noblewomen
• Early feudal era- women became warriors and managed family estates.
• Women’s status declined over time.
• Samurai code did not set women on a pedestal– Women were subservient to
men
SS.2.3.HS.2 8
Peasants, Artisans, and Merchants
• All ranked below samurai• Peasants– 75% of population– Cultivated rice and other crops– Some served as foot soldiers
• Rare to move up to samurai
• Artisans– Provided necessary goods for samurai class
• Swords, armor, etc.
• Merchants were the lowest class
SS.2.3.HS.2 9
Mongol Invasions
• Most fighting took place between rival warlords• Mongols conquered China and Korea– Threatened Japan
• Two invasion attempts were stopped by typhoons• Japanese credited kamikaze winds (divine winds) – Reinforced Japanese sense they enjoyed special
protections from the gods.
SS.2.3.HS.2
Order and Unity under the Tokugawas
• Kamakura shogunate collapsed after Mongol invasion
• Japan was united under the daimyo Tokugawa – Becoming master of Japan– Ruled Japan until 1868
10
Tokugawa Ieyasu
SS.2.3.HS.2 11
Centralized Feudalism
• Tokugawa shoguns ended feudal warfare
• Kept the outward forms of feudalism but imposed a central government control on all Japan.
• Great lords were required to live in the capital every other year– Wife and children kept in capital all the
time– Created a powerful check on power
SS.2.3.HS.2 12
Centralized Feudalism
• Women faced grater restrictions under the Tokugawas
• Decree “however good looking a wife may be, if she neglects her household duties by drinking tea or sightseeing or rambling the hillside, she must be divorced”
• Freedom was strictly regulated.
SS.2.3.HS.2 13
Economic Growth
• Shoguns tried to hold back social change– Economy boomed in spite of it.
• Peace created improved agriculture
• Food surpluses increased population– Cities sprang up around castles– New roads linked castle towns
SS.2.3.HS.2 14
Merchants
• Confucian tradition – merchants were of low social status
• Gained influence by lending money to daimyo and samurai
• Improved social status by arranging marriage of daughters into samurai class.
SS.2.3.HS.2 15
Zen Buddhism and Japanese Culture
• Zen – emphasized meditation and devotion to duty
• Zen monks – contradictory traditions– Great scholars– Stressed importance of ‘non-
knowing’• Stressed compassion for all –
yet samurai fought to kill all
SS.2.3.HS.2 16
Questions
• What groups or individuals held the most power in feudal Japan?
• What values did the bushido emphasize?• Describe three results of the centralized
feudalism imposed by the Tokugawas.