Vocabulary Sorted by Topics

Vocabulary Sorted by Topic (December 2011)

Vietnamese IELTS Community 18

No. Topic Page Words

1 Health 1 222 Environment 2 413 Education 4 444 City 6 255 Gender 7 166 Hobbies & Interests 7 227 Economics 8 628 Work 10 439 Food 11 44

10 Modern English 11 1911 Describing people 13 3312 Idioms to decribs people 14 913 Legal 14 2914 Vocabulary for Task 1 16 1315 Money 16 2216 Advertising 17 2017 Process 18 1618 Information Technology 18 18

No. Word Meaning Sample Sentence

1 Diagnosis a disease ch!n "oán b#nhNurses never diagnose a disease.Nurses make nursing diagnoses only.

2 Cure/ Treat ch$a b#nh Her family seeks cure for rare disease.

3 Prophylaxis phòng b#nh

Prophylaxis, requiring greater quantitiesof factor, is more costly than on-demand therapy.

4 Pneumonia viêm ph%i

5 Obesity béo phì

Vietnamese researchers say an increasing number of children are suffering from obesity, partially as a result of doting parents.

6 Malnutrition suy dinh d&'ngMalnutrition is a major health problem, especially in developing countries.

7 Insomnia m(t ng)8 Hypertension t*ng huy+t áp

9 Euthanasia Cái ch+t không "au ",n

Euthanasia is the termination of a very sick person's life in order to relieve them of their suffering.In most cases euthanasia is carried out because the person who dies asks forit, but there are cases called euthanasia where a person can't make such a request.

Table of Contents

Health



10 Diabete b#nh ti-u "&.ngThere are approximately 1296400 patients with type 2 diabetes in Vietnam.

11 Drug allergy d/ 0ng thu1cMost drug allergies cause minor skin rashes and hives.

12

Alternative medicine = Non-conventional medicine

các ph&2ng pháp ch$a b#nh khác ngoài Tây Y (such as herbalism, homeopathy, and acupuncture)

Eastern countries have a longstanding tradition of teaching alternative medicine.

13 Herbalism

Ph&2ng pháp ch$a b#nh b3ngth4o m5c

14 Homeopathy Ph&2ng pháp vi l&6ng "7ng cân

15 Acupuncture Thu8t châm c0u

People used to consider practices like acupuncture or herbal medicine outside the mainstream.

16 Conventional medicineTây Y bao g7m drugs, radiation or surgery

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic Medicine are seen as conventional medicine because they’ve been used extensively for centuries and continue to be used alongside western medicine.

17 Blood test ki-m tra máu

18 Bird flu Cúm gà

19 Cholera B#nh t4

20 Isolation S9 cách ly

21 Pandemic :;i d/ch

22 Contagious (adj) có kh4 n*ng lây truy<n

Super-contagious diseases spread like wildfire through everyday contact and they're good at hiding signs of infection until it's too late.


1 Sanitation/hygiene V# sinh phòng b#nh

Lack of access to clean water and sanitation is one of the leading causes of illness and death among the poor in Vietnam, where many in rural areas suffer from waterborne disease.

2 Contamination S9 nhi=m b!n/nhi=m b#nh

3 Globalization Toàn c>u hóa

Environment



4 Erosion S9 xói mòn

Erosion is a natural process and can be healthy for the ecosystem, but oftentimes is made worse by human use such as deforestation/removal of vegetation, overgrazing, unmanaged construction or building of roads.

5 Climate change S9 bi+n "%i khí h8u

Climate change is now widely recognized as the major environmental problem facing the globe.

6 Eco-system H# sinh thái

An ecosystem can be as large as a desert or a lake or as small as a tree or a puddle.

7 Biodiversity :a d;ng sinh thái

Vietnam has been one of Southeast Asia's most biodiverse countries, but some species may be lost before they are known to science due to an illegal global trade believed to be trailing only drugs and gunrunning.

8 Environmental-friendly Thân thi#n v,i môi tr&.ng

Having an environmental friendly car is something too many people don't make a priority.

9 Biosphere = ecosphere H# sinh quy-n

10 Sustainable development

S9 phát tri-n b<n v$ng b3ngcách cân b3ng nhu c>u c)a con ng&.i và b4o v# môi tr&.ng sinh thái

Sustainable development is about meeting the needs of today without compromising the needs of future generations.

11 Green house effect Hi#u 0ng nhà kính

12 Green house gas Khí gây hi#u 0ng nhà kính

13 Urbanization :ô th/ hóa

14 Industrialization công nghi#p hóa

15 Toxic chemicals ch(t "5c hóa h?c

16 Radiation waste ch(t th4i phóng x;

17 Natural resources tài nguyên thiên nhiên The disorganized exploitation of the natural resources

18to be in an alarming/ a critical situation "ang trong tình tr;ng báo "5ng

19Industrial/domestic sewage

N&,c th4i công nghi#p/sinh ho;t

20 Profound effects @nh h&Ang sâu sBc

21 Water resources Ngu7n n&,c



22Natural calamities = natural/climate disaster Thiên tai

23Poisonous/harmful gases khí "5c h;i

24 Serious consequences H8u qu4 nghiêm tr?ng

Global Warming Poses Serious Consequences For the Environment in the Future

25 Negative impact Tác "5ng tiêu c9c

26 to dispose wastes XC lD rác th4i

27 Deforestation S9 phá rEng

28Alternative energyresources Ngu7n n*ng l&6ng thay th+

29 Carbon footprint khí th4i

30Environmental catastrophe Th4m h?a môi tr&.ng

31 Recycle Tái ch+

32 Global warming S9 nóng d>n lên c)a trái "(t

33 Acid rain M&a axit

34 Air pollution S9 ô nhi=m không khí Air pollution is the result of overpopulation

35 Endangered speciesNh$ng loài có nguy c2 tuy#t ch)ng

The single most important action to conserve Vietnam’s endangered species is protecting their natural habitat and deterring poaching and illegal wildlife trade.

36 EnvironmentalistNhà nghiên c0u/b4o v# môitr&.ng

37 Natural/wildlife preserve B4o t7n "5ng v8t hoang dã

38Plastic throw-away containers

Rác th4i nh9a (vd nh& bao nilông)

39 Local flora and fauna H# th9c v8t và "5ng v8t

40 Nuclear energy N*ng l&6ng h;t nhân

41 Extinction S9 tuy#t ch)ng

“The tragedy of the Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros is a sad symbol of this extinction crisis.”


1 Enroll (US)/ Enrol (Brit)"*ng kí nh8p h?c/ "*ng kí môn h?c

Education



2 Course Môn h?c/ khóa h?c ngBn

3Programme (Brit)/Program (US) ch&2ng trình A program consists of courses.

4 Correspondence course khóa h?c online5 Distance Learning h?c tE xa 6 Graduate t1t nghi#p

7 GraduatecC nhân/ ng&.i TN trung h?c ph% thông She's a graduate of RMIT University.

8 Assessment

h# th1ng "ánh giá (có th- bao g7m test, homework, participation)

9 Assignment Bài t8p 10 Homework Bài t8p v< nhà 11 Discipline KF lu8t/ B5 môn School discipline

12 Numeracy & LiteracyKG n*ng làm toán và "?c vi+t c2 b4n

13 Fail r,t 14 Absent (adj): vBng mHt15 booklet cu1n tài li#u bao g7m vài trang

16 lecture bài di=n thuy+tShe's planning to give a series of lectures on modern art

17 lecturer ng&.i di=n thuy+t

18 workshop h5i th4oHe's in his workshop working on the lawnmower

19 session

phiên h?p[often with adj. ] a period devoted to a particular activity

I'm going to take classes during the summer session.

All OSC Volunteers have the right to join training session.

20 open test "< mA21 closed-book test "< "óng22 play truant tr1n h?c

23 re-sit/retake thi l;i

I'm going to resit IELTS examination next month.

24 Reconsider xem xét l;i We hope you will reconsider

25 Orientation s9 "/nh h&,ng She attended freshman orientation.

26

wrest with questions/assignment = struggle with an assignment

"ánh v8t v,i "1ng câu hIi/ bài t8p

27apply oneself to sth/ to doing sth work hard on sth

You won't pass the exam if you dont apply yourself.

28 kindergarten mJu giáo

29primary school = elementary school c(p 1

30 secondary school c(p 231 high school c(p 3

32single sex school # mixed school

33 thesis = dissertation bài lu8n v*nHe wrote his dissertation on an obscure 16th-century poet

34 professor giáo s&



35 tutor gia s&I got a tutor to help me with my homework

36 deadline h;n chót They're working under a deadline

37 freshman n*m 138 senior student n*m 4

39 be expelled "u%i h?cShe was expelled from school for bad behavior

40 vocational training d;y ngh<

41 drop-out bI h?c gi$a chEng

The program is designed for dropouts who wish to get high school equivalency certificates

42 tuition fee h?c phí waive tuition fees: mi=n h?c phí 43 universalize education ph% c8p giáo dKc44 read study a subject at university She is now reading economics at Oxford


1 Cosmopolitan "a v*n hóa, "a ch)ng t5c

2 MetropolisTh) ph) chính c)a m5t vùng hoHc m5t n&,c, th) "ô

3 Traffic congestiontBc nghLn giao thông = traffic jam

4 Amenity ti#n nghi5 Exorbitant (adj) (giá c4) cBt c%, cao quá "áng6 Peak period = rush hour (giao thông) gi. cao "i-m7 Depopulate gi4m dân s1, làm th&a ng&.i8 Cost of living giá sinh ho;t

9Poor air quality = air pollution ô nhi=m không khí

10 Melting pot n2i tK c&, n2i di dân tE nhi<u n2i kéo v< tK l;i11 Multicultural Society xã h5i "a v*n hóa12 Inner city khu ph1 c%13 Urban sprawl tình tr;ng "ô th/ hóa bEa bãi

14 Commute

"i l;i th&.ng xuyên b3ng xebuDt, xe lCa hoHc ô tô gi$a n2i làm vi#c và nhà A

15 Commuting time th.i gian "i l;i

16 Public transportationph&2ng ti#n v8n chuy-n công c5ng

17 Living standard m0c sinh ho;t, m0c s1ng18 Recreational facilities ph&2ng ti#n gi4i trí (b- b2i, sân th- thao)19 Pace of life nh/p s1ng20 Pedestrian road "&.ng dành cho ng&.i "i b521 Housing affordability kh4 n*ng chi tr4 cho chM A22 Expat ng&.i xa x023 Affluent (adj) giàu có, th/nh v&6ng

24 Artery"&.ng giao thông chính, huy+t m;ch

25 Gridlock = snarl-uptình tr;ng ùn tBc giao thông, tình tr;ng kNt xe

City




1Gender discriminination /Gender bias phân bi#t gi,i tính

2 Abuse

physical abuse/ violence against womensexual abuse = sexual harassmentspousal abuse: b;o hành gia "ình

3Sex-selective abortion/sex-based abortion Phá thai vì gi,i tính

4Gender Equality/Gender Equity S9 bình "Ong gi,i tính

5 Human rights Nhân quy<n6 Empower women Trao quy<n cho phK n$ 7 Male-dominated (adj) nam chi+m "a s1 8 Feminism Phong trào "òi n$ quy<n

9 Male chauvinist

ng&.i "àn ông cho r3ng "àn ông luôn tài giIi, quan tr?ng h2n phK n$

10 Male chauvinism t& t&Ang tr?ng nam khinh n$ 11 Domestic violence b;o hành gia "ình12 Sex role spillover 13 Heterosexsuality ng&.i d/ tính14 Homosexuality ng&.i "7ng tính15 Homophobia S9 kì th/ "/v ng&.i "7ng tính16 Homophobic (adj)


1 Rock climbing leo núi2 Horse riding c&'i ng9a3 Kite flying th4 di<u4 Scuba diving lHn5 Gymnastics t8p gym practise gymnatics6 Martial arts võ learn/practise/train martial arts7 Paragliding nh4y dù play paragliding8 Hang gliding l&6n b3ng di<u9 Off road driving lái xe "/a hình play off road driving

10 Moto cross "ua xe11 Photography nhi+p 4nh12 Origami x+p gi(y13 Floristry cBm hoa14 Traveling du l/ch15 Magic tricks 4o thu8t practise magic tricks16 Jigsaw puzzles x+p hình17 Poetry writing làm th218 Body building t8p th- hình practise body building19 Manga collecting s&u t8p truy#n tranh20 Tai Chi thái c9c quy<n

21 Bungee jumping r2i t9 do go bungee jumping/ do a bungee jumping

22 Backpacking du l/ch bKi

Gender

Hobbies & Interests




1Recession/ Economic downturn suy thoái kinh t+

2 Debt crisis v' n63 Income Tax thu+ thu nh8p4 Inflation rates tP l# l;m phát5 Currency ti<n t# They were paid in U.S. currency

6 Devaluation s9 m(t giá7 Interest rate lãi su(t

8GDP = Gross Domestic Product t%ng s4n ph!m qu1c n5i

9 Bankruptcy s9 phá s4n The company is facing bankruptcy

10 Bankrupt (adj, n, v)

phá s4n, v' n6kQ phá s4nto go bankrupt: b/ phá s4n

As a lawyer, she specialized in working with bankrupts

11 Trade-off trao "%i 12 Opportunity Cost chi phí c2 h5i 13 Deposit ti<n gCi The taxi deposited us at the train station14 Tariff barrier hành rào thu+ quan

15 Deficit thâm hKtThe government is facing a deficit of $3 billion

16 Surplus thHng d& There is a surplus of workers and not enough jobs

17GNP = Gross NationalProduct t%ng s4n ph!m qu1c dân

18 Deflation s9 gi4m phátEconomists worry that deflation will bring the country into recession

19 Ball-out gói c0u tr620 Capital v1n21 Counterfeit làm hàng gi4 The concert ticket is counterfeit

22 Budget ngân quRHe's been trying to live on a budget of less than $1,500 a month

23 Monopoly "5c quy<nThe government passed laws intended to break up monopolies

24 Corporate công ty l,n, t8p "oànWe have to change the corporate structure to survive

25 Dispatch gCi, chuy-nRescue workers were immediately dispatched to the area

26 Invest ">u t&27 Investor nhà ">u t&28 Investment s9 ">u t&

29 Risk = Hazard r)i roit was only by hazard and good fortune that we found our way back to the trail

30 Financial Institutions các t% ch0c tài chính31 Denominate m#nh giá 32 Speculator nhà ">u c2

33To levy/ impose a tax on someone "ánh thu+ ai "ó

Economics



34

Small and medium sized enterprises doanh nghi#p vEa và nhI

35 Central bank ngân hàng trung &2ng36 Commercial bank ngân hàng th&2ng m;i

37Fiscal policy/ monetary policy

chính sách tài khóa/ chính sách ti<n t#

38NNP = net national product s4n ph!m qu1c dân ròng

39 Flea market ch6 tr.i40 Consumption market th/ tr&.ng tiêu thK 41 Market th/ tr&.ng

42FDI = Foreign Direct Investment

v1n ">u t& tr9c ti+p tE n&,c ngoài

43

ODA = Official Development Assistance

vi#n tr6 (1 ph>n nhI là ko hoàn l;i, ph>n l,n là kho4n vay v,i lãi su(t th(p và th.i h;n vay dài)

44 Financial transaction giao d/ch tài chính45 Profit l6i nhu8n The company made a profit this year

46 Dividend c% t0cProfits are distributed to shareholders as dividends

47 Free trade t9 do th&2ng m;i

48 Austerity thBt l&ng bu5c bKngThey lived through years of austerity after the war

49 Urge thúc giKc I urge you to reconsider

50 Mortgage s9 th+ ch(pThey hope to pay off the mortgage on their home soon

51 Halve chia "ôi, chia "<u, gi4m 1 nCa The store is halving the price of many summer items

52 Brokerage ti<n hoa h7ng, môi gi,i She works for a brokerage firm

53 Collapse sKp "%He warned that such measures could cause the economy to collapse

54 Merchandise hàng hóaThe merchandise will arrive by truck at noon

55 Anti-trust law lu8t ch1ng "5c quy<n56 Transaction cost chi phí giao d/ch

57 Corruption tham nhSngThere are rumors of widespread corruption in the city government

58 Bureaucracy quan liêu She was fed up with all the red tape and bureaucracy

59 Fiscal incentive &u "ãi tài chính60 Anti-dumping ch1ng bán phá giá61 Prestigious brand th&2ng hi#u có uy tín62 VA = Value added giá tr/ gia t*ng


1 Lawyer lu8t s&

Work



2 Hairdresser th6 h,t tóc3 Mechanic th6 máy4 Architect kG s&

5 Farmer nông dâna young farmer whose family has been growing wheat for many generations

6 Vet bác sG thú y I have to take my dog to the vet

7 Child-minder ng&.i gi$ trQChild-minder is a person who takes care of children

8 Scientist nhà khoa h?c9 Firefighter lính c0u ho4

10 Civil servant công ch0cTook the examination to become a civil

servant in the defense department

11 Builder ng&.i xây d9ngThe architect discussed her plans with the builder and the contractor

12 Carpenter th6 m5c

13 Designer nhà thi+t k+She is one of the leading designers in the fashion world

14 Plumber th6 1ng n&,c15 Specialist chuyên gia He saw a specialist for his foot problem

16 Chemist nhà hóa h?c/ d&6c sG Let's ask the chemist whether it's safe to take these two drugs together

17 Surgeon bác sG phJu thu8t

18 Pharmacist d&6c sGThe pharmacist caught an error in the prescription's dosage

19 Professor giáo s&Professor Williams will be teaching the class

20 Air hostess n$ ti+p viên hàng không21 Pitcher c>u th) ném bóng, ng&.i bán quán A vPa hè22 Greengrocer ng&.i bán rau qu423 Butcher ng&.i bán th/t24 Tamer ng&.i d;y thú25 Babysister b4o mJu

26 Incentive khuy+n khích, thúc "!yYou can provide travel incentives to encourage employees to do their best

27 Downsizing gi4m c(pThe company is planning to downsize next year

28 Comission hoa h7ng

29 Freelancelàm vi#c t9 do (not full time or part-time job)

30 Get/find work tìm vi#c31 To be offered work/ a job "&6c "< ngh/ 1 công vi#c gì "ó32 Do for a living làm vi#c What do you do for a living? B;n làm gì?33 Make a living = work ki+m s1ng

34 To be made redudant Cho nghP vi#c vì d& nhân viêneight permanent staff were made redundant.

35 To give up work thôi vi#c

36To be on leave/ take sick leave nghP b#nh

37 To be promoted th*ng ti+n



38 Perquisite ti<n thù lao thêmUse of the company's jet is a perquisite of the job

39 Workaholic ng&.i nghi#n vi#cMy brother is a real workaholic who almost never takes time off

40 Martenal leave nghP sau sinh

41CEO = chief executive officer giám "1c "i<u hành

42CFO = chief financial officer giám "1c tài chính

43 BOD = board of directorsh5i "7ng qu4n tr/


1 Beef th/t bò I'm not eating as much beef as I used to2 Lamb cEu non3 Mutton th/t cEu a meal of mutton and potatoes4 Chicken th/t gà5 Turkey th/t gà tây6 Veal th/t bê7 Pork th/t heo 8 Ham th/t giam bông9 Bacon Th/t l&ng l6n mu1i xông khói We ate bacon and eggs for breakfast

10 Duck th/t v/t11 Seafood h4i s4n12 Prawns tôm13 Shrimps tôm14 Crab cua15 Lobster tôm hùm I had lobster for dinner16 Crayfish tôm 17 Squid m9c 1ng18 Scallop sò "i#p19 Oysters h+n, hàu20 Flavour h&2ng v/ 21 Taste v/, v/ giác22 Sweet ng?t23 Bitter "Bng Cocoa beans have a bitter flavor24 Sour chua25 Hot nóng, cay26 Spicy cay27 Mild v/ nhN 28 Salty mHn29 Sugary quá ng?t30 Sickly quá quá ng?t31 Savoury "8m "à, ko dùng cho món ng?t32 Tasty ngon, vEa mi#ng33 Delicious ngon, vEa mi#ng34 Boil "un sôi a pot of boiling water35 Fry rán, chiên We had fried eggs and ham for breakfast

36 Bake n&,ngShe wrapped the fish in foil and baked it for 15 minutes

37 Roast quay The chicken is roasting in the oven38 Grill n&,ng39 Stir-fry xào

Food



40 Season nêm n+mseason the soup to taste with salt and pepper

41 Spicy beef soup bún bò hu+42 Vietnamese pancake bánh xèo/ bánh khoái43 Fresh spring rolls ch4 giò44 Fertilized duck egg h5t v/t l5n


1 Mouse potato

ng&.i dành ph>n l,n th.i gian v,i máy tính, nh(t là "- lên m;ng

2 Cyberspace không gian m;ng3 Junk email th& rác

4Information fatigue disorder

b#nh stress do c1 gBng ti+p thu quá nhi<u thông tin

5 Eating disorder

b#nh bi+ng *n (ngnhân ch) y+u là b/ ám 4nh cái s9 m8p 1m)

6 GM foods

th9c ph!m bi+n "%i gen. Vd: th/t heo dc bi+n "%i gen "- có nhi<u Omega3 h2n.

7 Biodieselnhiên li#u làm tE th9c v8t. Vd: d>u "8u nành

8 Carbon footprint

l&6ng khí th4i nhà kính tE cácnhà máy, các thi+t b/ "i#n c)acác toà nhà, quá trình phân h)y, tái sC dKng s4n ph!m, hay th8m chí tE các ho;t "5ng c)a chính chúng ta (vd sC dKng bao nylon)


1 Bad hair day

a day when everything goes wrong and you feel unattractive. Mình t;m d/ch là ngày xui xQo nhé.

2 Drop-dead gorgeous "Np mê h7n

3 Drama Queen

a person (especially a woman)who acts as though things are much worse than they really are -> ng&.i hay c&.ng "i#u m?i chuy#n lên thành bi k/ch

4 Reality Television

ch&2ng trình truy<n hình th9c t+ (Vd Love Bus, VNTM, Masterchef)

Modern English (Technology, Science, Medicine)

Modern English (Entertainment, Social Trends)



5 Vuvuzela kèn vo vo c)a Nam Phi

6 Buzzword

tE chuyên ngành nh&ng "ã trA nên thông dKng. For ex: Next-generation. The next-generation of Iphone.

7 Dramedy

s9 k+t h6p gi$a hài và k/ch tính trong film/k/ch, chtrình truy<n hình.

8 Flash mobBi-u di=n t8p th- mang tínhch(t "ánh nhanh rút g?n

9 Slumdogng&.i nghèo kh% s1ng trong các khu % chu5t (slum)

10 Freemaleng&.i phK n$ "5c thân, t9 do (theo nghGa tích c9c)

11 Gastrosexuals

nh$ng ng&.i "àn ông xem n(u n&,ng là thú vui và thix tr% tài n(u *n v,i b;n bè hoHc ... potential partners


1 Pessimistic # Optimistic bi quan # l;c quan2 Extroverted # Introvertedh&,ng ngo;i # h&,ng n5i3 (Feel) Tense # Relaxed C*ng thOng # tho4i mái4 Sensible khôn ngoan5 Sensitive nh;y c4m, d= b/ t%n th&2ng6 Kind-hearted t1t bKng7 Rude # Courteous khi+m nhã # l/ch s9

8 Unsociable # Gregariousko thích giao ti+p # thích giao ti+p

9 Tight-fisted # Generous keo ki#t # hào phóng10 Inquisitive = Curious tò mò11 Assertive qu4 quy+t12 Extravagant tiêu xài hoang phí13 Crafty x4o quy#t14 Cowardly hèn nhát15 Clumsy vKng v<16 Stubborn c0ng ">u, b&,ng bPnh17 Carefree vô t&18 Grumpy = Bad-temperedx(u tính, gBt gIng19 Decisive quy+t "oán20 Strong-willed cá tính m;nh mL21 Sharp-tounged "anh "á22 Sophisticated "i#u "à23 Inconsiderate vô tâm24 Indifferent l;nh lùng25 Charming duyên dáng, có s0c quy+n rS26 Stingy keo ki#t, b)n xPn27 Devoted t8n tKy28 Through am t&.ng

Describing People



29 Patient # impatient kiên nhJn # thi+u kiên nhJn30 Punctual "úng gi.31 Strict khó tính32 Easy-going d= tính33 Polite # Impolite l/ch s9 # b(t l/ch s9


1 She has a heart of gold t1t bKng, có t(m lòng vàng2 He's as good as gold t1t bKng, có t(m lòng vàng3 She's a pain in the neck khó ch/u = nuisance, difficult

4He gets on everyone's nerves gây phi<n ph0c

5 He's rather a cold fish l;nh lùng6 He's a known-all. kQ tI vQ ta "ây bi+t tu1t

7He's as dumb as an oyster. câm nh& h+n

8She's as gentle as a lamb. d/u dàng

9She's a bit of a lazy-bones l&.i bi+ng


1 Law a system of rules

Example: civil law, criminal law, contract law, property law, international law

2 Legislation lu8t (do Qu1c h5i ban hành)Ex: tax legislation, legislation on social insurance.

3 Rights & Obligations Quy<n l6i và nghGa vK 4 Court tòa án Supreme Court

5 Case vK ánthis case has been dismissed due to the death of the offender.

6Lawyer = attorney (US) = solicitor (UK)

lu8t s& tranh tKng ("&6c phép ";i di#n ng&.i khác tham gia t1 tKng A Tòa)

7 Punishment s9 trEng ph;t/ xC ph;t

corporal punishment (tra t(n) is no longer accepted, both legally and morally, in this highly civilized world.

8 Criminals ng&.i ph;m t5icriminals have a tendency to recommit crimes after being released.

9 Juvenilve delinquency t5i ph;m v/ thành niênthere is a growing trend towards juvenile delinquency in Vietnam these years

10Capital punishment= Death penalty án tC hình

the death penalty has been abolished in many developed countries.

11 Jury B7i th!m "oànone of the most excellent skills of a lawyer is persuading the jury at court.

Idioms to describe people

Legal



12 Verdict L.i tuyên ánthe jury returned a verdict of not guilty which stunned everyone at court.

13 Break the law ph;m pháp

those who break the law will have to bear their responsibility towards the authority.

14 Enforce the law th9c thi theo pháp lu8tit's impossible to enforce this ill-prepared law on the society

15 Become law thành lu8t

a legal precedent, which has been proved to be valid despite different periods of time, will become law.

16 Defend a case bào ch$a, bi#n h5 the best lawyer in town was said to defend that case of murder.

17 Sue ki#nyou can't sue someone just because he/she's prettier than you.

18 Charge truy t1 (khi "ã xác "/nh ">y ") c*n c0 "- cho r3ng có t5i ph;m x4y ra)he was charged for arson and was sentenced for 10 years in jail.

19 To be accused of a crimecáo bu5c ai "ó ph;m t5i.we shouldn't be hasty in accusing someone of committing a crime.

20To file a law suit against somebody ki#n, n5p "2n ki#n

the actress decided to file a law suit against the photographer after her private photos leaked on the Internet.

21 Prosecutor công t1 viên

hardly does anyone get out of court unguilty when being prosecuted (verb) by that prosecutor.

22 Defencelu8t s& bào ch$a, bên bào ch$a

the defence fails miserably arguing the case with the seasoned state prosecutor.

23 Advocate

lu8t s& (hoHc someone) b4o v# quy<n l6i cho 1 ng&.i nào "ó A tòa (phân bi#t v,i tE trên vì lu8t s& này có th- b4o v# trong tranh ch(p dân s9..)

having many advocates on your side doesn't give a slight hint of winning this case.

24 Counsel lu8t s& ";i di#nthe prosecuting counsel is comprised of experienced and adept lawyers.

25 Custody s9 giam gi$/s9 giám h5.the assailants were remanded in custody. (t;m giam ch. ngày xét xC)

26 Interrogate th!m v(nhe admitted to killing his wife after 8 hours of intense interrogation (noun)

27 Trial phiên tòa xét xC

the husband will stand for trial on this Friday for physically and mentally abusing his wife and children.



28 Plaintiff nguyên "2n

the plaintiff's wry smile and perspiration purportedly showed that his accusation was a pure case of fabrication.

29 Defendant b/ "2n

the uncooperative defendant make enforcing the judgement extremely difficult.


1an increase = a rise = a growth s9 t*ng

2

a sudden dramatic rise = a surge = a jump = a leap s9 t*ng m;nh

3 a fluctuation = a variations9 bi+n thiên

4a period of stability = a plateau không "%i

5

a fall = a decrease = a decline = a reduction = a drop s9 gi4m

6

a steep and rapid fall = a slump = a dip = a plunge gi4m m;nh

7To show an upward/ downward trend xu h&,ng t*ng/ gi4m

8To hit the highest/ lowest point ch;m "Pnh/ "áy

9 To reach a peak ch;m "Pnh10 To show some fluctuationcho th(y s9 bi+n thiên11 To fluctuate wildly bi+n thiên d$ d5i

12

To remain stable = to stay unchanged = to reach a plateau gi$ nguyê, không "%i

13Proliferate= increase, hovering t*ng


1 Bank account tài kho4n ngân hàng2 Savings account tài kho4n ti+t ki#m3 Bank loan kho4n vay ngân hàng4 Refund (verb & noun) hoàn tr4 5 Bargain (verb & noun) mHc c4 6 A rip-off chHt chém (bán giá cBt c%)7 To withdraw money rút ti<n8 To charge you interest tính lãi9 Income tax thu+ thu nh8p

10 VAT = value added tax thu+ giá tr/ gia t*ng11 Corporate income tax thu+ thu nh8p doanh nghi#p12 Tax rebate (n) hoàn thu+ 13 Unemployment benefit tr6 c(p th(t nghi#p

14 Disability allowancestr6 c(p cho ng&.i khuy+t t8t

Vocabulary for Task 1

Money



15 Student loans kho4n vay cho sinh viên

16 Mortgage

kho4n ti<n quy "%i tE tài s4n (b(t "5ng s4n) th+ ch(p, th&.ng t1i "a là 70%

17 Collateral tài s4n th+ ch(p18 Pension l&2ng h&u

19Lump sum (or lump sum payment)

kho4n ti<n tr4 trong 1 l>n, tr4 tr?n gói

20 Prime the pump

Kích thích m5t d9 án kinh t+ m,i hoHc 1 d9 án "ang khó kh*n b3ng cách ">u t& ti<n vào "ó

21 Liability tài s4n n6 22 Retainer ti<n "Ht c?c


1 Commercial (n) phim qu4ng cáo2 Advertisement (n) qu4ng cáo3 Billboard (n) b4ng qu4ng cáo l,n4 Poster (n) áp phích qu4ng cáo 5 Target Audience khách hàng mKc tiêu 6 Potential Customer khách hàng ti<m n*ng

7 Segment phân khúc th/ tr&.ng

Victoria's Secret divides its market into two main segments: lingeria for adults and teenagers

8 Promotion (n) khuy+n mãi 9 Campaign chi+n d/ch qu4ng cáo

10 Slogan câu kh!u hi#u

11 Copywriter ng&.i vi+t qu4ng cáo12 Word-of-mouth truy<n mi#ng

13 Viral marketing

hình th0c qu4ng cáo sC dKng social networks/ Internet "- t;o hi#u 0ng word-of-mouth.

14 Launch (n, v) Khai tr&2ng/ gi,i thi#uEx: the launch of a viral marketing campaign.

15 Eye-catching (adj) bBt mBt16 Prime time (n) gi. vàng17 Sponsor nhà tài tr6 18 Brand th&2ng hi#u

19 JingleBài hát ngBn dùng trong film qu4ng cáo

20 Celebrity endorsement

chi+n d/ch qu4ng cáo sC dKng ng&.i n%i ti+ng "- qu4ng bá th&2ng hi#u/ s4n ph!m/ d/ch vK


1 Stage/ Step/ Phase giai "o;n, công "o;n, b&,c

Process

Advertising



2 Procedure quy trình3 Function ch0c n*ng, nhi#m vK 4 Purpose5 Objective 6 Production s9 s4n xu(t7 Substance ch(t8 Concurrently "7ng th.i

9involve/ include/ consist of/ contain bao g7m

Writing is a process that involves at least four distinct steps: prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing.

10 Result in ra k+t qu4 là

11 End with k+t thúc v,i

Winemaking is the production of wine, starting with selection of the grapes or other produce and ending with bottling the finished wine.

12 Combine k+t h6p13 Add thêm vào14 Complete hoàn t(t15 Produce s4n xu(t16 Generate/ create t;o ra


1 Innovation s9 "%i m,i, s9 c4i ti+n

The best innovation of the iPhone improves the simple by making it even simpler

2 Revolution cu5c cách m;ng The Internet revolution3 Internet usage policy chính sách sC dKng Internet4 Internet access truy c8p m;ng5 Internet security an ninh m;ng

6 Web monitoring softwareph>n m<m theo dõi web

When it comes to using web monitoring software to monitor child Internet activity, many parents are still apprehensive.

7 Cyberslacking

ng&.i dùng th.i gian làm vi#c "- làm vi#c riêng trên m;ng (vd chat, facebook)

8 Virus infection s9 lây nhi=m, lan truy<n virus

9 Malwareph>n m<m phá ho;i h# th1ng máy tính

10 Internet addiction disorderb#nh nghi#n Internet11 Internet delusions b#nh hoang t&Ang vì m;ng

12 Spywareph>n m<m theo dõi ho;t "5ngc)a ng&.i dùng Internet

13 Hardware ph>n c0ng14 Software ph>n m<m15 Glossaries B4ng thu8t ng$ 16 Encryption m8t mã hoá17 Algorithm thu8t toán18 Cloud Computing :i#n toán "ám mây

Information Technology

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