VOCABULARY Identifying Design Elements When Preparing Imagescvhmultimedia.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/0/6/13064480/ps_domain_2.pdf · DOMAIN 2 Identifying Design Elements When Preparing

PS 15

■ VOCABULARYaspect ratio

background

bitmap

Camera Raw

CMYK

cropping

document size

downsampled

dpi

field of view

foreground

gamut

high dynamic range (HDR)

image composition

interpolation

line screen frequency

lpi

pixel

raster image

readability

resolution

RGB

screen frequency

screen ruling

typography

upsampling

vector

visual hierarchy

■ OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this domain, you should be able to:

■ Demonstrate knowledge of image resolution, image size, and

image file format for web, video, and print.

■ Demonstrate knowledge of design principles, elements, and image

composition.

■ Demonstrate knowledge of typography.

■ Demonstrate knowledge of color correction using Photoshop CS5.

■ Demonstrate knowledge of image-generating devices, their

resulting image types, and how to access resulting images in

Photoshop.

■ Understand key terminology of digital images.

DOMAIN 2

Identifying Design Elements When Preparing Images

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).

Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

PS 16 PHOTOSHOP

Domain 2.0 Identifying Design Elements When Preparing ImagesDomain 2 focuses on design elements and image composition; it is similar to the

second domain in the Web Communication (Dreamweaver CS5) and Rich Media

Communication (Flash CS5) certification objectives.

Objective 2.1 Demonstrate Knowledge of Image Resolution, Image Size, and Image File Format for Web, Video, and Print

Resizing an ImageWhen working with images in Photoshop, the dimensions are measured in pixels.

A pixel, short for picture element, is a single point in a picture laid out in rows and

columns. Resolution is measured in pixels per inch (ppi); the higher the resolution,

the more pixels per inch. The resolution on a computer display is also measured

in pixels. You should create an image so it will display well on a monitor with low

resolution. In Photoshop, the Image Size dialog box displays the image data, which

includes the number of pixels in an image, the size of the image in inches, and the

resolution, as shown in Figure 2–1.

Pixels

Document size in inches

Pixels per inch

FIGURE 2–1 Image Size dialog box

Scaling an image to resize it does not change the image data. To change the

image data, which affects the resolution and file size, you must resample the image,

which increases or decreases the number of pixels contained in the image. When the

number of pixels is decreased, image data is removed, or downsampled. Increasing

the number of pixels is referred to as upsampling, and usually results in inferior

image quality because of a loss of detail. To resample an image, click Image on the

Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac), and then click Image Size. In the Image

Size dialog box, Photoshop provides various options for resampling in the Resample

Image pop-up menu. Photoshop uses a method called interpolation to resample an

◗ VOCABULARYpixel

resolution

downsampled

upsampling

interpolation



DOMAIN 2 Identifying Design Elements When Preparing Images PS 17

image, using existing pixel colors to create new color values. Table 2–1 displays the

various interpolation methods. You can also crop an image to resize it. Cropping

allows you to remove the outside portion of an image to correct its focus. By default,

cropping does not resample an image, so the image data remains unchanged. (Note:

You can set resample options on the options bar when cropping an image.) Photoshop

also offers the option to view a Rule of Thirds overlay.

TABLE 2–1 Interpolation methods

FILE FORMAT DESCRIPTION

Nearest neighbor The most basic and quickest method duplicates the nearest pixel, which makes the

pixel appear larger; this method may produce jagged edges

Bilinear Results are of medium quality; pixels are added by averaging color values from the

surrounding pixels

Bicubic Produces a better quality than either nearest neighbor or bilinear; the processing

time takes a little longer, and a more complex method is used to determine the color

of new pixels that are added based on a larger area of surrounding pixels

Bicubic smoother Uses a method based on the bicubic method; creates a smoother result when

enlarging an image

Bicubic sharper Uses a method based on the bicubic method; it enhances sharpening and is used to

reduce the size of an image

Printer ResolutionThe resolution on a printer is measured in ink dots per inch (dpi). The more dots per

inch, the higher the image quality. In laser and commercial printing, you also need

to determine the number of dots per inch for grayscale images or color separations.

This actual number of printer dots is referred to as screen frequency, screen ruling,

or line screen frequency and is measured in lines per inch (lpi). Newsletter and

grocery coupons are often printed with 65 lpi, while newspapers normally use 85 lpi.

An lpi of 177 is used for print projects that require greater detail.

When preparing your image for print, it is often easier to specify your image in

the printed dimensions, often referred to in inches, as well as the image resolution;

this is referred to as the document size. A minimum of 200 ppi is suggested when

you want to produce a high-quality photo on an inkjet printer.

◗ VOCABULARYcropping

dots per inch (dpi)

screen frequency

screen ruling

line screen frequency

lines per inch (lpi)

document size



PS 18 PHOTOSHOP

File FormatsThere are many different file formats available for graphics. It is important to

choose the correct file format for how and where the image will be used, such as

the web, video, photos, print, a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation, or a Microsoft

Word document. Photoshop can save a file in many file formats using the Save As

command or the Save for Web & Devices command on the File menu. Table 2–2

describes some of the more popular file formats.

TABLE 2–2 Most commonly used file formats used for graphics

FILE FORMAT DEFINITION USE

PSD (.psd) Photoshop native file format, keeps the document

editable and all layers intact

Photos, commercial printing

GIF (.gif) Graphic Interchange Format, a bitmap image

format for pictures with up to 256 distinct colors;

navigation bars, buttons, icons and logos are often

saved with this file extension; the GIF format

supports transparency

Web

JPEG or JPG (.jpg) Joint Photographic Experts Groups supports

millions of colors and can be compressed to reduce

file size; often used for digital images

Photos, web

PNG (.png) Portable Network Group was created as a patent-

free replacement for GIFs; PNG can support

indexed-color, true-color images, gray scale, and

transparency; PNG is also the native file format for

Adobe Fireworks, and retains full editability

Web, PowerPoint, Word

TIFF (.tiff) Tagged Image File Format is the standard in the

printing and publishing industry; files are much

larger than JPEGs and are supported by almost all

image-editing and desktop publishing applications


Bitmap (.bmp) File format used for Windows, usually a very large

file; when a bitmap image is scaled larger, the image

quality is reduced and often becomes pixelated

PowerPoint, Word

PDF (.pdf) Portable Document Format, created by Adobe for

document sharing; ensures the layout and quality will

not change when opened on a different computer


Photoshop provides additional file formats such as Camera Raw, large document

format, and DICOM for photos. File formats for commercial printing include EPS

and DCS. For images intended for use in video and visual effects, Photoshop offers

the Targa file format.




Image OptimizationThe Save for Web & Devices command on the File menu provides a method to

optimize images for publishing on the web and mobile devices. In the Save for Web

& Devices dialog box, you can preview your image in different file formats, as shown

in Figure 2–2. You can also compare more than one image with different settings to

view the effects on the image, and view approximate download times for the images.

Number of images

to preview

Approximate

download speed

File format

Quality of image

FIGURE 2–2 Save for Web & Devices dialog box

Step-by-Step 2.1 1. Start Photoshop CS5.

2. Click File on the Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac), click Open,

select the location of your data files, click pond, and then click Open.

3. Click File on the Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac), click Save

As, name the file pond modified, click the Format pop-up menu, click

Photoshop (*.PSD, *.PDD), and then click Save. The image is saved as

a native Photoshop document.

4. Click Image on the Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac), and then

click Image Size. The Image Size dialog box opens.

WARNING

Copy the data file to the

location you will be working

with your files.



PS 20 PHOTOSHOP

5. In the Image Size dialog box, in the Document Size section, click the

Width text box, delete any existing text, type 6, click the Resample

Image pop-up menu, click Bicubic Sharper (best for reduction), as

shown in Figure 2–3, and then click OK. The image size is reduced.

Document width

and height

Resample Image

pop-up menu

6. Click File on the Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac), and then

click Save for Web & Devices.

7. In the Save for Web & Devices dialog box, click the 2-Up tab, make sure

the Hand tool is selected, and then drag the image so that the water

and the front fence are visible, as shown in Figure 2–4.

2-Up tab

Your image area

may differ

Preset pop-up menu

8. Click the bottom image, click the Preset pop-up menu, click JPEG High,

and then click Save. The Save Optimized As dialog box opens.

FIGURE 2–3

Image Size dialog box

FIGURE 2–4

Save for Web &

Devices dialog box




9. In the Save Optimized As dialog box, click Save.

10. Leave your Photoshop document open for Step-by-Step 2.2.

Objective 2.2 Demonstrate Knowledge of Design Principles, Elements, and Image CompositionAs you begin laying out your graphic design project, it is important to consider the

use of graphic design. Graphic design includes design elements, design principles,

and image composition. It is important to understand some concepts to be able to

create an attractive layout. Graphic design elements include lines, shapes, and tex-

ture. Design principles include emphasis, movement, balance, unity, symmetry,

color, white space, alignment, contrast, the rule of thirds, proximity, and repetition.

Table 2–3 describes the elements and principles of design.

TABLE 2–3 Graphic design elements and principles

DESIGN ELEMENTS DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Lines Emphasis Symmetry Contrast

■ The basic component

of a shape

■ Every line has

length, thickness,

and direction

■ Lines can be curved,

horizontal, vertical,

diagonal, wavy,

dashed, or dotted

■ Making a specific

element stand out

■ Achieved by using

color, size, location,

or shapes

■ When the composi-

tion of the text and

graphics is evenly

distributed around a

center point

■ Symmetry can be

vertical, horizontal,

or radial

■ Similar to emphasis,

it separates elements

by comparing or

creating differences

■ Can be achieved

through the use of

color, size, shapes,

and location

Shapes Movement Color Theory Rule of Thirds

■ A line that defines or

implies a boundary

■ Shapes can be

geometric, such as a

square or a circle

■ Shapes may also be

organic

■ Directing the eye in

a certain direction

■ Achieved through the

use of dots, arrows,

or lines

■ The idea that

colors can affect

human thought and

emotions

■ Colors may be

visually pleasing or

may make someone

feel uncomfortable

■ The theory that the

most interesting

components of a

composition, like a

web page, is found

off-center

Continued on next page



PS 22 PHOTOSHOP

DESIGN ELEMENTS DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Texture Balance White Space Proximity

■ A fill used in shapes

to imply what an

object may feel like

■ The texture may, for

example, look rough

or wavy

■ The page is laid

out in a planned

and coherent visual

pattern

■ Visual elements are

not out of proportion

or heavy in one area

■ Areas of the page

that do not have text

or graphics

■ Includes margins,

padding, and line

spacing

■ The closeness or

distance from text

and graphics

■ Close proximity indi-

cates a connection,

such as placing a

caption on a graphic

Unity Alignment Repetition

■ Creating a feeling of

wholeness

■ Achieved by using the

same color or differ-

ent tints of that color

■ The spacing of text

and graphics in rela-

tion to one another or

the margins on a page

■ Common alignments:

center, left, right,

and justify

■ Repeating an ele-

ment to create visual

consistency

■ May be achieved on

the same page in a

website or among all

pages in a website

through the use of

headings, colors,

font styles, and

by repeating the

basic layout

between pages

You can achieve balance by applying symmetry or asymmetry. Symmetrical

balance is created when the weight of a composition is evenly arranged around a

center point. Asymmetrical balance is achieved by arranging objects of different

sizes around a center point and using smaller shapes together to balance out a larger

shape. The center point can be used to create either symmetric or asymmetric balance

along horizontal, vertical, radial, or diagonal lines.

Image Composition and PrinciplesAn image composition is the arrangement of the visual elements of your image to

create a visually compelling design. When composing or laying out your design,

there are some basic concepts you should consider for your graphic design project,

such as aspect ratio, framing, field of view, foreground, and background.

◗ VOCABULARYimage composition

Continued from previous page

TABLE 2–3 Graphic design elements and principles




If you are using a digital photo, be aware that different cameras may use different

aspect ratios even though they may be shooting in the same number of pixels. The

aspect ratio is the relationship of the object’s height to its width. While there are many

types of aspect ratios, 3:2 and 4:3 are the most common. For 35mm cameras and most

digital single lens reflex (SLR) cameras, the standard ratio is 3:2. Monitors, televisions,

and most compact cameras use a 4:3 aspect ratio. The aspect ratio can affect the print

dimensions of your image, causing you to crop more of the image to get the correct

print size. For example, a 3:2 aspect ratio prints a 4” � 6” photo without a problem,

because the ratios match, 3 � 2 = 6 and 2 � 2 = 4. If you want to print an 8” � 10”

photo with an image that has a 3:2 aspect ratio, the ratio becomes 3 � 4 = 12 and 2 � 4

= 8, which is 12” � 8”. You would then need to crop the image to 10” � 8” (or 8” �

10”), thus losing 2” from the original image. In contract, an aspect ratio of 4:3 results

in less cropping, and therefore, losing less of your image.

Framing an image guides a viewer to the inside of the picture, which you

accomplish in Photoshop during the graphic design process by adding a border. You

can also frame an image when you take the picture using visual elements in the

scene, such as trees, doorways, and bridges, as shown in Figure 2–5.

Tree frames picture

along top and

left edge

FIGURE 2–5 Framing an image using scene elements

The field of view is the area that makes up the picture. Depending on your

camera, the viewfinder may not accurately display the field of view; the view finder

could cover more or less of the viewing area. Parts of the image that fall outside

of the field of view are not recorded in the photograph. Objects that fall into the

field of view are in either the foreground or the background. The foreground of a

photograph, or a graphic design project, is the area of the composition that often

displays the subject of the composition. The background of a photograph, or a

graphic design project, is the area behind the subject, which provides context and

depth to the composition, or it can be used to help isolate the main subject.

The composition of an image can be enhanced by working with color

enhancements including balance, color, tone, and contrast. To access these

commands, click Image on the Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac), point to

Adjustments, and click a command. The Color Balance command makes corrections

to the overall image by adjusting a mixture of colors based on the shadows, midtones,

◗ VOCABULARYaspect ratio

field of view

foreground

background



PS 24 PHOTOSHOP

or highlights in the picture. Figure 2–6 shows color balance applied to the left side of

an image based on its shadows. You can use additional commands in the Adjustments

category to control how much of the adjustment you apply to an image. The Auto

Tone, Auto Contrast, and Auto Color commands on the Image menu adjust those

qualities in the image. These commands do not allow for any adjustments and use a

mathematical formula to make adjustments based on the images shadows, midtones,

and highlights.

Color Balance

dialog box

Left side of image

shows new color

balance settings

applied

Original image

FIGURE 2–6 Color balance applied to an image

Visual hierarchy is used in graphic design to emphasize important elements

and organize content in a logical manner. When working with text, you can create a

visual hierarchy with fonts, font size, color, and contrast. When working with images

to emphasize a certain element in your graphic design project, you may choose to

adjust the color or the focus of areas of the image to make certain elements stand out.

Figure 2–7 demonstrates the use of contrast with color.

FIGURE 2–7 Example of visual hierarchy applied to an image

◗ VOCABULARYvisual hierarchy




Step-by-Step 2.2 1. On the Tools panel, click the Crop tool .

2. On the options bar, click the value in the Width field, verify that the cur-

rent setting displays in inches, type 4 in, click the value in the Height

field, type 3 in, and then remove any information from the Resolution

field, if necessary.

3. Click View on the Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac), click Fit on

Screen, click the image in the upper-left corner above the first fence

post, and then drag the selection marquee to the lower-right corner, as

shown in Figure 2–8. (Note: If necessary, select Rule of Thirds from the

Crop Guide Overlay pop-up menu after drawing your selection.)

Crop Guide Overlay

pop-up menu

Cropped area

Options bar

Commit current

crop operation

Cancel current

crop operation

FIGURE 2–8

Drawing a crop

selection



PS 26 PHOTOSHOP

4. Click the middle of the crop selection, position the Marquee move

pointer over the selection, drag the selection marquee to the middle

of the image, as shown in Figure 2–9, and then press Enter (Win) or

return (Mac). The image is cropped.

5. Save and close the document, and then exit Photoshop.

Objective 2.3 Demonstrate Knowledge of TypographyWhen adding text to a digital image it is important to consider the font, style, color,

and spacing. The selections made to design the text and the placement of the words

are called typography. Typography sets the look and feel for the document by the

selection of a certain font, which may convey a sense of credibility or whimsy. The

font may also improve the readability of the text. Readability is the feeling that is

conveyed to make the typeface comfortable and easy to read. The use of uppercase

and lowercase letters, typefaces, alignment, spacing, and styles can improve or

distract from the readability of a typeface.

By changing the alignment, you can emphasize certain text and provide a level

of comfort to the layout by aligning the edges of text with other elements or objects in

a layout. The use, or overuse, of center alignment can make the layout uncomfortable

to the reader, and in turn make the text difficult to read. Figure 2–10 provides an

example of making a graphic design more readable by making simple changes to

styles, size, and alignment.

◗ VOCABULARYtypography

readability

FIGURE 2–9

Adjusting a crop selection




Emphasis with

contrast using color

Original layout

Use of styles

on text

Emphasis with

increased size

Emphasis with

alignment

Modified layout

FIGURE 2–10 Comparing readability

Placing the text in close proximity to other elements on a page may also make

the text more readable. In the example in Figure 2–10, notice that the phone number

is located near the statement about making a call. This makes the number readily

available to the reader while they are thinking about it.

Objective 2.4 Demonstrate Knowledge of Color Correction Using Photoshop CS5 The color modes RGB and CMYK are both available when working in Photoshop.

RGB uses red (R), green (G), and blue (B) in various combinations to create the

colors you see on a computer display, a television screen, or a movie in a theatre.

CMYK uses cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K) to create various

colors in print. When you are submitting your graphic design to be printed, it is

important to convert your document to the CMYK color mode. While working on

your graphic design project in Photoshop, you will want to work in RGB mode. This

mode produces a smaller file and is therefore faster to work with and easier to store.

In addition, you will have more effect options available under the Filter menu. When

you are ready to finalize your project and submit it for printing, convert it to CMYK

mode by clicking Image on the Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac), pointing

to Mode, and then clicking CMYK Color.

◗ VOCABULARYRGB

CMYK



PS 28 PHOTOSHOP

When working in RGB mode, if a color is not in the range of colors that can be

displayed or printed, Photoshop displays an alert triangle in the Info panel or in the

color picker when you hover over the color with the Eyedropper tool. Colors that are

in a range that can be displayed or printed are referred to as a gamut. To view colors

that are out of gamut, click View on the Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac),

and then click Gamut Warning. The colors outside the range are highlighted in gray,

as shown in Figure 2–11.

Out of gamut

FIGURE 2–11 Displaying out-of-gamut colors

You can use the Proof Setup command to view the images simulated output

in a variety of options, such as type or color of paper. To select an option, click

View on the Application bar (Win) or Menu bar (Mac), point to Proof Setup, and

then select a viewing option. There is also an option to proof for two types of color

blindness to ensure that the information is accurately conveyed to those individuals

with sensitivity to red or to green.

You can use the Histogram panel to interpret colors in an image. The graph

displays the color intensity level, from right to left, of highlights, midtones, and

shadows. Identifying where the tonal range of the image is concentrated assists in

being able to make corrections. The histogram can view channels by RGB, Colors,

Red only, Green only, Blue only, or Luminosity. Figure 2–12 displays the Histogram

panel in the expanded view with all channels. This histogram shows an image that

has detail, which is concentrated in the shadows. When making any changes using

one of the color or tonal adjustment options, you can view how those changes affect

the histogram, as shown in Figure 2–13.

◗ VOCABULARYgamut




Histogram of each

color channel

Channel pop-up menu

Statistics

FIGURE 2–12 Histogram panel

Color Balance

dialog box

Histogram panel

Preview check box

FIGURE 2–13 Histogram panel when adjusting color balance

Often when correcting an image’s color, tone, or levels, you do not want the

effect to be applied to the entire image. Adjustment layers allow you to create

masks and make corrections to portions of an image, and an adjustment layer is

nondestructive. This means that you can turn off or modify the changes at any time,

unlike adjustments you make in the Adjustments category of the Image menu, which

you cannot reverse or modify later.



PS 30 PHOTOSHOP

Photoshop also supports high dynamic range (HDR) images. HDR images

allow a photographer to record a much larger range of tonal detail than can be

captured in one photo. The HDR Toning command gives you the ability to adjust

and apply contrast and exposure settings that are made available. This allows you

to make image adjustments in Photoshop that in the past needed to be done while

taking the photo. To access the HDR command, click Image on the Application bar

(Win) or Menu bar (Mac), point to Adjustments, and then click HDR Toning.

Objective 2.5 Demonstrate Knowledge of Image-Generating Devices, Their Resulting Image Types, and How to Access Resulting Images in Photoshop You can create an image with a digital or film camera and from scanning an image.

Images can then be brought into Photoshop by either using the Open command or

the Place command on the File menu. The Open command opens each image into its

own Photoshop document. The Place command allows you to place multiple images

into a single document. You can also scan images directly into Photoshop by click-

ing File on the Application bar (Win), pointing to Import, and then clicking WIA

Support.

Scanning an image is the best option when a digital version of the image is not

available. When scanning an image, it is important to consider the options available

to create the highest quality image. The Scan using WIA dialog box includes options

for adjusting the resolution, color mode, and the size of the scanned image, as shown

in Figure 2–14. The scanned image opens directly in Photoshop as a bitmap image.

To modify the image using the full complement of Photoshop adjustment tools, you

need to save the file as a Photoshop file (.psd).

Scanning

options

Custom

options

Preview of scan

Scan button

FIGURE 2–14 Scanning an image with WIA support

TIP

The HDR Toning adjustment is

intended for 32-bit HDR images.

◗ VOCABULARYhigh dynamic range (HDR)

TIP

To add WIA support on the Mac OS,

you need to download an optional

plug-in from www.adobe.com.

Adobe recommends that you install

and use the optional plug-in with

the Rosetta OS. Alternatively, you

can use the software provided with

your scanner or another scanning

application, and then save the

image to the TIFF file format.




The Camera Raw format contains minimally processed data that is not ready

to be used and still needs to be processed. It is an option on many digital cameras

and some scanners. This format is analogous to negatives in film photography, and

images in this format are sometimes referred to as digital negatives. Film negatives

still need to be developed or processed and are not yet ready to be viewed, but all

the necessary information needed to create the final image is there. The Camera Raw

format provides more control and flexibility when working with images. This format

should be used when you are planning to work with the image in an application such

as Photoshop. It is important to note that Camera Raw files are much larger than

JPEG files, sometimes two to six times larger.

If your graphic design project will be used in a video, Photoshop offers support

for viewing your project’s pixel aspect ratio in a variety of options that support the

nonsquare pixel used in video. This ensures that your image has the correct pixel

aspect ratio and imports seamlessly into a video project. Figure 2–15 displays the

Camera Raw dialog box when opening a RAW file in Photoshop.

Preview of image

Open Image button

FIGURE 2–15 Camera Raw dialog box

◗ VOCABULARYCamera Raw



PS 32 PHOTOSHOP

Objective 2.6 Understand Key Terminology of Digital Images

Bitmap vs. Vector GraphicsA bitmap image, technically known as a raster image, is represented by pixels in a

grid layout; each pixel contains color information for the image. When a bitmap is

enlarged, the quality of the image is lost, and the pixels are visible, often resulting

in jagged edges. A vector image is created with mathematical calculations and can

be enlarged without a loss of quality. Figure 2–16 compares a bitmap image with

a vector image. You can use a variety of vector tools to draw objects, including a

rectangle, a rounded rectangle, an ellipse, a polygon, and a line. You can adjust the

path of the object to add, remove, or intersect areas, or to exclude overlapping areas.

Vector image Bitmap image

FIGURE 2–16 Comparing a vector and bitmap image

Before you can edit a vector image, you must rasterize, or convert it to a bitmap

image. For example, when you place an image into Photoshop, it is placed as a

Smart Object and cannot be edited. You must rasterize the image before editing it.

If you draw objects as a Shape layer, you need to rasterize the shape to make the

object editable. To rasterize an object, click Layer on the Application bar (Win)

or Menu bar (Mac), point to Rasterize, and then click an option. The following

items are examples of what can be rasterized: Type, Shapes, Vector Masks, and

Smart Objects.

◗ VOCABULARYbitmap

raster image

vector




SUMMARY

REVIEW QUESTIONS

WRITTEN QUESTIONS

Write a brief answer to the following questions.

1. Explain the difference between RGB and CMYK.

2. Explain the difference between downsampling and upsampling.

3. When used correctly, which elements can improve readability when working with text?

4. Explain the difference between a bitmap image and a vector image.

5. What is a gamut?



PS 34 PHOTOSHOP

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Select the best response for the following statements.

1. Which of the following is changed in an image when a raster image is edited?

A. Pixel

B. Point

C. Inch

D. Centimeter

2. Which color mode should you use to send your graphic design project to a print shop?

A. Indexed color

B. RGB

C. Gray scale

D. CMYK

3. Which file format should you use if you want to be able to make changes to your graphic design project?

A. PNG

B. PSD

C. PDF

D. JPEG

4. What is Camera Raw also known as?

A. Photo negative

B. Digital negative

C. Raster artwork

D. Processed image

5. Which design principle can be represented with an overlay when using the Crop tool?

A. Symmetry

B. Balance

C. Rule of thirds

D. White space



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VOCABULARY Identifying Design Elements When Preparing Imagescvhmultimedia.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/0/6/13064480/ps_domain_2.pdf · DOMAIN 2 Identifying Design Elements When Preparing